Article(id=1241314567813386722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0372, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717430400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773882055475, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773882055475, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773882055475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882055475, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241314565582025478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773882054943, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882204745, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241315193960059168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241315193964253473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1241314565582025478, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=59, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241314569931510256, articleId=1241314567813386722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Spatial distribution characteristics of metabolities in root of Wendang:based on MALDI-MSI, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a new method for in situ visualization of spatial distribution characteristics of various secondary metabolites in the root of Wendang (Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen), so as to realize the tissular localization of secondary metabolites, and to provide a reference for the in-depth excavation of the Wendang.

Methods:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was used for the mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the root metabolites in Wendang. The matrix was DHB+/DHB- (30 mg·mL-1), the substrate flow rate was 20 μL·min-1, the nitrogen flow rate was 5 L·min-1, the nozzle movement speed was 3 mm·s-1, the nozzle temperature was 60 ℃, and the spraying time of each slice was 50 min. The laser energy intensity in positive ion detection mode was 60%, and that in negative ion detection mode was 40%. The detection mass range was m/z 70-1 050, the mass resolution was 70 000, the spatial resolution was 50 μm, and the pixel size was 420 px×200 px. At the same time, the pathway enrichment analysis was also carried out for the metabolites.

Results:

A total of 214 metabolites were detected, and the spatial distribution characteristics of 40 representative metabolites were visualized. The distribution patterns of different kinds of secondary metabolites in the cork - phloem - xylem varied considerably, with flavonoids mainly distributed in xylem, alkaloids, phenolics, and carboxylic acids mainly in the cork and phloem, phenylpropanoids and quinones mainly in the cork, amino acids were abundant in the phloem, and nucleotides were distributed throughout the root tissues, the indicator components atractylenolide Ⅲ and syringoside were distributed in the cork, and lobetyolin was distributed in both the cork and the xylem. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism pathways.

Conclusion:

This study visualizes the spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites in the roots of Wendang. The results of this study can provide certain theoretical support for the quality control, the identification, the extraction and separation of active ingredients, and the metabolic pattern of Wendang.

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目的:

建立一种原位可视化分析纹党[素花党参Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta(Nannf.)L. T. Shen]根各类次级代谢物空间分布特征的新方法,实现对次级代谢物的组织定位,为深入挖掘纹党提供参考。

方法:

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(MALDI-MSI)技术对纹党根代谢物进行质谱成像分析。基质为DHB+/DHB-(30 mg·mL-1),基质流速20 μL·min-1,氮气流速5 L·min-1,喷嘴移速3 mm·s-1,喷嘴温度60 ℃,每个切片喷涂时长50 min,用正、负离子2种模式,正离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为60%,负离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为40%,检测质量范围为m/z 70~1 050,质量分辨率70 000,空间分辨率为50 μm,像素大小420 px×200 px。同时对代谢物进行通路富集分析。

结果:

共检测到214个代谢物,同时可视化了40个代表性代谢物的空间分布特征,不同种类的次级代谢物在木栓层-韧皮部-木质部的分布模式差异较大,黄酮主要分布于木质部,生物碱、酚类和羧酸主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,苯丙素和醌类主要分布于木栓层,氨基酸大量存在于韧皮部,核苷酸分布于整个根组织,指标性成分苍术内酯Ⅲ和紫丁香苷分布于木栓层,党参炔苷在木栓层和木质部中均有分布。通路富集分析显示代谢物显著富集于代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成、黄酮生物合成、氨基酸生物合成以及碳代谢等通路。

结论:

本研究可视化了纹党根代谢物的空间分布特征,研究结果对纹党品质控制,药材的鉴定,有效成分的提取分离,代谢物的代谢规律提供了一定的理论支撑。

, correspAuthors=罗文蓉, 杨扶德, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 杨扶德 Tel:18152064502;E-mail:;
罗文蓉 Tel:13893303264;E-mail:
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Tel:18893796823;E-mail:

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College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055492621204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, companyId=1241324055475843986, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 甘肃中医药大学药学院,兰州730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241324055580701590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055605867415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, companyId=1241324055580701590, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241324055618450329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, companyId=1241324055580701590, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 甘肃省中医院药学部,兰州730050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241324060806803597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Optical diagrams of root of Wendang, figureFileSmall=lqzrLyJl+TWlc9BAL5gxAA==, figureFileBig=KByxMOUswvTMzNrKcUHxEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062329335958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图1, caption=纹党根组织光学图

A. 正离子模式(positive ion mode) B. 负离子模式(negative ion mode)

, figureFileSmall=lqzrLyJl+TWlc9BAL5gxAA==, figureFileBig=KByxMOUswvTMzNrKcUHxEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062471942309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=MALDI-MSI mass spectra, figureFileSmall=x0LAzaCAmmTKcFan41022Q==, figureFileBig=Iabdd4XZ1V5hTgQXrMxH/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062580994220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MALDI-MSI质谱图

A. 正离子模式(positive ion mode) B. 负离子模式(negative ion mode)

, figureFileSmall=x0LAzaCAmmTKcFan41022Q==, figureFileBig=Iabdd4XZ1V5hTgQXrMxH/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062690046134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of flavonoids in Wendang, figureFileSmall=Ossi0DwAhuQ/rvy065sfdA==, figureFileBig=fxuaAADIF79StnTE/o4NLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062807486659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图3, caption=纹党中黄酮类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. 异狼毒素(isowolf toxin) B. 水黄皮素(hydroxanthoxanthin) C. 槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷(quercetin 3-arabinoside) D. 车前子苷(psyllidine)E. 槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷(quercetin 7-glucoside)

, figureFileSmall=Ossi0DwAhuQ/rvy065sfdA==, figureFileBig=fxuaAADIF79StnTE/o4NLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062912344267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of alkaloids in Wendang, figureFileSmall=v4w0/LFtsbDPcoc8Rtq2aw==, figureFileBig=ZEtxkTXGOMzIQbncsLOVTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324062983647442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图4, caption=纹党中生物碱类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. 党参碱(codonopsine) B. 异喹啉(isoquinoline) C. 水仙环素(narcicycline) D. L-尼古丁(L-nicotine) E. 烟酰胺(nicotinamide)

, figureFileSmall=v4w0/LFtsbDPcoc8Rtq2aw==, figureFileBig=ZEtxkTXGOMzIQbncsLOVTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063075922137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of phenylpropanoid compounds in Wendang, figureFileSmall=CIu0ZDEuvMwvjkenSN9FZg==, figureFileBig=RDyle7vH7TF3Prfz7tg/RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063180779745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图5, caption=纹党中苯丙素类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. 异补骨脂素(isopsoralen) B. 西瑞香素(cydenin) C. 异佛手柑内酯(isobergamolide) D.(+)-丁香树脂酚[(+)-eugenol]E. 党参苷I(codonoside I)

, figureFileSmall=CIu0ZDEuvMwvjkenSN9FZg==, figureFileBig=RDyle7vH7TF3Prfz7tg/RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063256277224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of phenolic compounds in Wendang, figureFileSmall=+W+qGqAeZc/4G8QFMnPLuA==, figureFileBig=kyxPPic0zmpZX2a8XIrxyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063386300656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图6, caption=纹党中酚类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. 3,4’-O-二甲基鞣花酸(3,4’-O-dimethylellagic acid) B. 龙胆酸(gentianic acid) C. 龙胆赛因(gentianzein) D. 优咕吨酮(eucaltonone)E. 水杨酸(salicylic acid)

, figureFileSmall=+W+qGqAeZc/4G8QFMnPLuA==, figureFileBig=kyxPPic0zmpZX2a8XIrxyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063486963961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of amino acids in Wendang, figureFileSmall=XQArHUrYZRqBL2EZfU3VmA==, figureFileBig=NTWBk8apzKv3itUgkxBA6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063604404481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图7, caption=纹党中氨基酸类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. L-精氨酸(L-arginine) B. γ-L-谷氨酸-L-半胱氨酸(gamma-L-glutamate-L-cysteine) C. 5-氧化脯氨酸(5-oxidized proline)D. 高精氨酸(high arginine) E. L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine) F. L-组氨酸(L-histidine)

, figureFileSmall=XQArHUrYZRqBL2EZfU3VmA==, figureFileBig=NTWBk8apzKv3itUgkxBA6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063667319045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=MALDI-MSI ion imaging of other compounds in Wendang, figureFileSmall=Ar6DJHA9NN7xw7hW+PKqfw==, figureFileBig=BcE3ZW2BcIY4Tk1dpGD9Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241324063759593741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=图8, caption=纹党中其他类化合物的MALDI-MSI离子成像图

A. 2’-脱氧鸟苷-5’-二磷酸(2’-deoxyguanosine-5’-diphosphate) B. 5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核糖核苷酸(5-amino-imidazole-4-formamide ribonucleotide)C. 胞苷-5-单磷酸(cytidine 5-monophosphate) D. 酪氨酸甲酯(tyrosine methyl ester) E. 顺-2-甲基乌头酸盐(cis-2-methylaconite) F. 2-羟基-3-羧基亚苄基丙酮酸(2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzylpyruvate) G. 大黄酸(rhein) H. 兰雪醌(lanchonone) I. 番泻苷C(sennoside C) J. 苍术内酯Ⅲ(atractylodes Ⅲ) K. 党参炔苷(lobetyolin) L. 紫丁香苷(syringin) M. 异柳磷(iso-salichos) N. 1-萘酚(1-naphthol)

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Information of 40 representative metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(number)
代谢物名称
(metabolite name)
化学式
(chemical formula)
分类
(class)
检测模式
(detection mode)
精确质量
(precise mass)
m/z
测得质量
(measured mass)
m/z
偏差
(diff)×10-6
1异狼毒素(isochamaejasmin)C30H22O10黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+542.121 3543.132 24.47
2水黄皮素(karanjin)C18H12O4黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+292.073 6293.080 6-0.12
3槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷
(quercetin 3-arabinoside)
C20H18O11黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+434.084 9435.091 80.02
4车前子苷(plantagoside)C21H22O12黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+466.111 1467.123 54.35
5槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷
(quercimeritrin)
C21H20O12黄酮(flavone)[M-H]-464.095 5463.093 54.08
6党参碱(codonopsine)C14H21NO4生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+267.320 8268.154 21.49
7异喹啉(isoquinoline)C9H7N生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+129.057 8130.065 0-0.00
8水仙环素(narciclasine)C14H13NO7生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+307.069 2308.076 40.06
9 L-尼古丁(L-nicotine)C10H14N2生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+162.115 7163.122 8-0.34
10烟酰胺(niacinamide)C6H6N2O生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+122.048 0123.055 30.02
11异补骨脂(angelicin)C11H6O3苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+186.031 7187.038 6-0.47
12西瑞香素(daphnoretin)C19H12O7苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+352.058 3353.065 60.05
13异佛手柑内酯(isobergapten)C12H8O4苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+216.042 3217.049 1-0.11
14(+)-丁香树脂酚
[(+)-syringaresinol]
C22H26O8苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+418.162 8419.168 3-2.98
15党参苷I(tangshenoside I)C29H42O18苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+K]+678.644 7717.198 9-0.02
163,4’-O-二甲基鞣花酸
(3,4’-O-methylellagic acid)
C16H10O8酚类(phenols)[M-H]-330.037 6329.027 5-4.49
17龙胆酸(gentisic acid)C7H6O4酚类(phenols)[M-H]-154.026 6153.019 00.01
18龙胆赛因(gentisein)C13H8O5酚类(phenols)[M+H]+244.037 2245.044 0-0.04
19优咕吨酮(euxanthone)C13H8O4酚类(phenols)[M+H]+228.042 3229.049 6-1.08
20水杨酸(salicylic acid)C7H6O3酚类(phenols)[M-H]-138.031 7137.024 50.01
21 L-精氨酸(L-arginine)C6H14N4O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+174.111 7175.118 8-0.26
22γ-L-谷氨酸-L-半胱氨酸
(gamma-L-glutamate-L-
cysteine)
C8H14N2O5S氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+250.062 3251.070 0-0.16
235-氧化脯氨酸
(5-oxidized proline)
C5H7NO3氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+129.042 6130.050 00.03
24高精氨酸(homoarginine)C7H16N4O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+188.127 3189.135 5-0.05
25 L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)C5H10N2O3氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+146.069 1147.076 80.01
26 L-组氨酸(L-histidine)C6H9N3O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+155.069 5156.076 30.00
27大黄酸(rhein)C15H8O6醌类(quinones)[M+H]+284.032 1285.036 7-4.63
28兰雪醌(plumbagin)C11H8O3醌类(quinones)[M+H]+188.047 3189.054 4-0.06
29番泻苷C(sennoside C)C42H40O19醌类(quinones)[M+H]+848.216 4849.225 50.04
302’-脱氧鸟苷-5’-二磷酸
(deoxyguanosine diphosphate)
C10H15N5O10P2核苷酸(nucleotide)[M-H]-427.029 4426.017 2-4.14
315-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核
糖核苷酸
(AICA ribonucleotide)
C9H15N4O8P核苷酸(nucleotide)[M+H]+338.062 8339.067 6-3.05
32胞苷-5-单磷酸
(cytidine-5-monophosphate)
C9H14N3O8P核苷酸(nucleotide)[M+H]+323.051 9324.058 1-1.95
33酪氨酸甲酯
L-tyrosine methyl ester)
C10H13NO3羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M+H]+195.089 5196.094 7-4.38
34顺-2-甲基乌头酸盐
(cis-2-methylaconitate)
C7H8O6羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M-H]-188.032 1187.026 73.07
352-羟基-3-羧基亚苄基丙酮酸(2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate)C11H8O6羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M+H]+236.032 1237.040 42.89
36苍术内酯Ⅲ
(atractylenolide Ⅲ)
C15H20O3其他(other)[M+H]+248.317 5249.148 30.05
37异柳磷(isofenphos)C15H24NO4PS其他(other)[M+H]+345.116 4346.127 44.41
381-萘酚(1-naphthol)C10H8O其他(other)[M+H]+144.057 5145.064 6-0.01
39党参炔苷(lobetyolin)C20H28O8其他(other)[M+K]+396.436 7435.141 3-4.80
40紫丁香苷(syringoside)C17H24O9其他(other)[M+K]+372.367 1411.105 3-4.89
), ArticleFig(id=1241324064149664032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1241314567813386722, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

40个代表性代谢物的信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(number)
代谢物名称
(metabolite name)
化学式
(chemical formula)
分类
(class)
检测模式
(detection mode)
精确质量
(precise mass)
m/z
测得质量
(measured mass)
m/z
偏差
(diff)×10-6
1异狼毒素(isochamaejasmin)C30H22O10黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+542.121 3543.132 24.47
2水黄皮素(karanjin)C18H12O4黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+292.073 6293.080 6-0.12
3槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷
(quercetin 3-arabinoside)
C20H18O11黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+434.084 9435.091 80.02
4车前子苷(plantagoside)C21H22O12黄酮(flavone)[M+H]+466.111 1467.123 54.35
5槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷
(quercimeritrin)
C21H20O12黄酮(flavone)[M-H]-464.095 5463.093 54.08
6党参碱(codonopsine)C14H21NO4生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+267.320 8268.154 21.49
7异喹啉(isoquinoline)C9H7N生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+129.057 8130.065 0-0.00
8水仙环素(narciclasine)C14H13NO7生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+307.069 2308.076 40.06
9 L-尼古丁(L-nicotine)C10H14N2生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+162.115 7163.122 8-0.34
10烟酰胺(niacinamide)C6H6N2O生物碱(alkaloid)[M+H]+122.048 0123.055 30.02
11异补骨脂(angelicin)C11H6O3苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+186.031 7187.038 6-0.47
12西瑞香素(daphnoretin)C19H12O7苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+352.058 3353.065 60.05
13异佛手柑内酯(isobergapten)C12H8O4苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+216.042 3217.049 1-0.11
14(+)-丁香树脂酚
[(+)-syringaresinol]
C22H26O8苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+H]+418.162 8419.168 3-2.98
15党参苷I(tangshenoside I)C29H42O18苯丙素
(phenylpropanoids)
[M+K]+678.644 7717.198 9-0.02
163,4’-O-二甲基鞣花酸
(3,4’-O-methylellagic acid)
C16H10O8酚类(phenols)[M-H]-330.037 6329.027 5-4.49
17龙胆酸(gentisic acid)C7H6O4酚类(phenols)[M-H]-154.026 6153.019 00.01
18龙胆赛因(gentisein)C13H8O5酚类(phenols)[M+H]+244.037 2245.044 0-0.04
19优咕吨酮(euxanthone)C13H8O4酚类(phenols)[M+H]+228.042 3229.049 6-1.08
20水杨酸(salicylic acid)C7H6O3酚类(phenols)[M-H]-138.031 7137.024 50.01
21 L-精氨酸(L-arginine)C6H14N4O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+174.111 7175.118 8-0.26
22γ-L-谷氨酸-L-半胱氨酸
(gamma-L-glutamate-L-
cysteine)
C8H14N2O5S氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+250.062 3251.070 0-0.16
235-氧化脯氨酸
(5-oxidized proline)
C5H7NO3氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+129.042 6130.050 00.03
24高精氨酸(homoarginine)C7H16N4O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+188.127 3189.135 5-0.05
25 L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)C5H10N2O3氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+146.069 1147.076 80.01
26 L-组氨酸(L-histidine)C6H9N3O2氨基酸(amino acid)[M+H]+155.069 5156.076 30.00
27大黄酸(rhein)C15H8O6醌类(quinones)[M+H]+284.032 1285.036 7-4.63
28兰雪醌(plumbagin)C11H8O3醌类(quinones)[M+H]+188.047 3189.054 4-0.06
29番泻苷C(sennoside C)C42H40O19醌类(quinones)[M+H]+848.216 4849.225 50.04
302’-脱氧鸟苷-5’-二磷酸
(deoxyguanosine diphosphate)
C10H15N5O10P2核苷酸(nucleotide)[M-H]-427.029 4426.017 2-4.14
315-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核
糖核苷酸
(AICA ribonucleotide)
C9H15N4O8P核苷酸(nucleotide)[M+H]+338.062 8339.067 6-3.05
32胞苷-5-单磷酸
(cytidine-5-monophosphate)
C9H14N3O8P核苷酸(nucleotide)[M+H]+323.051 9324.058 1-1.95
33酪氨酸甲酯
L-tyrosine methyl ester)
C10H13NO3羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M+H]+195.089 5196.094 7-4.38
34顺-2-甲基乌头酸盐
(cis-2-methylaconitate)
C7H8O6羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M-H]-188.032 1187.026 73.07
352-羟基-3-羧基亚苄基丙酮酸(2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate)C11H8O6羧酸
(carboxylic acid)
[M+H]+236.032 1237.040 42.89
36苍术内酯Ⅲ
(atractylenolide Ⅲ)
C15H20O3其他(other)[M+H]+248.317 5249.148 30.05
37异柳磷(isofenphos)C15H24NO4PS其他(other)[M+H]+345.116 4346.127 44.41
381-萘酚(1-naphthol)C10H8O其他(other)[M+H]+144.057 5145.064 6-0.01
39党参炔苷(lobetyolin)C20H28O8其他(other)[M+K]+396.436 7435.141 3-4.80
40紫丁香苷(syringoside)C17H24O9其他(other)[M+K]+372.367 1411.105 3-4.89
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基于MALDI-MSI技术的纹党根代谢物的空间分布特征研究*
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刘旭霞 1 , 刘晓玲 1 , 马海棠 1 , 王欣 1 , 陈正君 1 , 罗文蓉 2, ** , 杨扶德 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2025,45(1): 59-71
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2025, 45(1): 59-71
基于MALDI-MSI技术的纹党根代谢物的空间分布特征研究*
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刘旭霞1 , 刘晓玲1, 马海棠1, 王欣1, 陈正君1, 罗文蓉2, ** , 杨扶德1, **
作者信息
  • 1. 甘肃中医药大学药学院,兰州730000
  • 2. 甘肃省中医院药学部,兰州730050
  • Tel:18893796823;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 杨扶德 Tel:18152064502;E-mail:;
罗文蓉 Tel:13893303264;E-mail:
Spatial distribution characteristics of metabolities in root of Wendang:based on MALDI-MSI
Xu-xia LIU1 , Xiao-ling LIU1, Hai-tang MA1, Xin WANG1, Zheng-jun CHEN1, Wen-rong LUO2, ** , Fu-de YANG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2. Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0372
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目的:

建立一种原位可视化分析纹党[素花党参Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta(Nannf.)L. T. Shen]根各类次级代谢物空间分布特征的新方法,实现对次级代谢物的组织定位,为深入挖掘纹党提供参考。

方法:

利用基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(MALDI-MSI)技术对纹党根代谢物进行质谱成像分析。基质为DHB+/DHB-(30 mg·mL-1),基质流速20 μL·min-1,氮气流速5 L·min-1,喷嘴移速3 mm·s-1,喷嘴温度60 ℃,每个切片喷涂时长50 min,用正、负离子2种模式,正离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为60%,负离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为40%,检测质量范围为m/z 70~1 050,质量分辨率70 000,空间分辨率为50 μm,像素大小420 px×200 px。同时对代谢物进行通路富集分析。

结果:

共检测到214个代谢物,同时可视化了40个代表性代谢物的空间分布特征,不同种类的次级代谢物在木栓层-韧皮部-木质部的分布模式差异较大,黄酮主要分布于木质部,生物碱、酚类和羧酸主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,苯丙素和醌类主要分布于木栓层,氨基酸大量存在于韧皮部,核苷酸分布于整个根组织,指标性成分苍术内酯Ⅲ和紫丁香苷分布于木栓层,党参炔苷在木栓层和木质部中均有分布。通路富集分析显示代谢物显著富集于代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成、黄酮生物合成、氨基酸生物合成以及碳代谢等通路。

结论:

本研究可视化了纹党根代谢物的空间分布特征,研究结果对纹党品质控制,药材的鉴定,有效成分的提取分离,代谢物的代谢规律提供了一定的理论支撑。

纹党  /  基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像  /  次级代谢物  /  空间分布  /  组织定位  /  原位可视化  /  代谢通路
Objective:

To establish a new method for in situ visualization of spatial distribution characteristics of various secondary metabolites in the root of Wendang (Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen), so as to realize the tissular localization of secondary metabolites, and to provide a reference for the in-depth excavation of the Wendang.

Methods:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was used for the mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the root metabolites in Wendang. The matrix was DHB+/DHB- (30 mg·mL-1), the substrate flow rate was 20 μL·min-1, the nitrogen flow rate was 5 L·min-1, the nozzle movement speed was 3 mm·s-1, the nozzle temperature was 60 ℃, and the spraying time of each slice was 50 min. The laser energy intensity in positive ion detection mode was 60%, and that in negative ion detection mode was 40%. The detection mass range was m/z 70-1 050, the mass resolution was 70 000, the spatial resolution was 50 μm, and the pixel size was 420 px×200 px. At the same time, the pathway enrichment analysis was also carried out for the metabolites.

Results:

A total of 214 metabolites were detected, and the spatial distribution characteristics of 40 representative metabolites were visualized. The distribution patterns of different kinds of secondary metabolites in the cork - phloem - xylem varied considerably, with flavonoids mainly distributed in xylem, alkaloids, phenolics, and carboxylic acids mainly in the cork and phloem, phenylpropanoids and quinones mainly in the cork, amino acids were abundant in the phloem, and nucleotides were distributed throughout the root tissues, the indicator components atractylenolide Ⅲ and syringoside were distributed in the cork, and lobetyolin was distributed in both the cork and the xylem. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism pathways.

Conclusion:

This study visualizes the spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites in the roots of Wendang. The results of this study can provide certain theoretical support for the quality control, the identification, the extraction and separation of active ingredients, and the metabolic pattern of Wendang.

Wendang  /  matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging  /  secondary metabolites  /  spatial distribution  /  tissue localization  /  in-situ visualization  /  metabolic pathway
刘旭霞, 刘晓玲, 马海棠, 王欣, 陈正君, 罗文蓉, 杨扶德. 基于MALDI-MSI技术的纹党根代谢物的空间分布特征研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (1) : 59 -71 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0372
Xu-xia LIU, Xiao-ling LIU, Hai-tang MA, Xin WANG, Zheng-jun CHEN, Wen-rong LUO, Fu-de YANG. Spatial distribution characteristics of metabolities in root of Wendang:based on MALDI-MSI[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 59 -71 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0372
纹党即素花党参Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var.modesta(Nannf.)L. T. Shen,为桔梗科党参属多年生草本植物,是药典党参品种收载基原之一[1],主产地为甘肃省文县,目前主要以栽培为主。现代研究表明,纹党富含黄酮、生物碱、多糖、多酚、木脂素、萜类、氨基酸及有机酸等成分[2]。目前,主要采用色谱-质谱联用的方法对纹党的有效成分进行定性和定量分析[3-4],该方法灵敏度高,但是依然存在一定的不足,例如样品的提取环节会丢失一部分代谢物信息,提取液代谢物信息缺失,无法对代谢物进行原位全景呈现。因此,开发一种能够原位对纹党不同组织区域次级代谢物的可视化呈现方法是非常必要的,同时这将为破译代谢变化在纹党植物生长、发育和对外部胁迫的反应中的可能机制提供基本的见解。
质谱成像是一种无标记的组织成像技术,可以同时定位和定量不同组织区域的已知或未知分子[5]。目前,基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, MALDI-MSI)是应用最广泛的质谱成像技术,其特点是广泛的代谢物覆盖范围和令人满意的空间分辨率(1.4~100 μm)[6]。自MALDI-MSI被提出以来,一直被广泛应用于疾病诊断和机制探讨[7-8],以及食品领域[9]、工业环境领域[10]等的研究。此外,也有研究者将MALDI-MSI应用于植物生物学的研究,包括空间定位植物功能性代谢物,揭示复杂的植物代谢网络,阐明植物对非生物和生物胁迫的代谢反应等[11-13]。近年来,有不少研究者尝试将MALDI-MSI应用于中药研究领域,包括中药的药效机制研究、毒性机制研究、活性成分在生物体内的分布代谢以及中药质量控制研究等方面[14-15]。中药成分复杂,分析较为困难,而MALDI-MSI可以提供大量的中药次级代谢物信息,同时可以原位呈现代谢物的分布,研究人员利用该技术对西洋参[16]、独活[17]、丹参[18]、枸杞[19]、三七[20]、连翘[21]等中药中的次级代谢物进行了空间组织定位,对次级代谢物的生物合成进行了探讨,然而,到目前为止还没有党参相关的MALDI-MSI研究报道。
因此,本研究以纹党为研究对象,利用MALDI-MSI分析技术,对纹党根中的各种次级代谢物进行了可视化的原位空间成像分析,同时对代谢物进行了生物信息学分析,为纹党药材的鉴定,特异性成分的提取分离以及阐明代谢物的代谢规律提供一定的理论依据。
HM550型冷冻切片机(美康生物科技股份有限公司),SMALDIPrep型基质喷涂设备(TransMIT公司),DM500型光学显微镜(上海徕卡显微系统贸易有限公司),AP-SMALDI 10质谱成像系统(TransMIT公司)。
2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid,DHB)购于西格玛奥德里奇公司,正己烷和三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid,TFA)购于上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,甲醇和水(LC-MS级)购于赛默飞世尔科技公司,羧甲基纤维素(carboxylmethyl cellulose, CMC)包埋剂购于成都普菲德生物技术有限公司,载玻片购于江苏世泰实验仪器有限公司,包埋盒购于南通迈影医疗科技有限公司。纹党药材采集于甘肃省陇南市文县中寨镇哈西沟村,经甘肃中医药大学杨扶德教授鉴定为素花党参(Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.var. modesta(Nannf.)L. T. Shen)的新鲜根。
纹党新鲜根清洗干净,除去杂质,横切为长度约0.5 cm的小段。在包埋盒中添加正己烷至容器约1/3处,然后加入干冰制冷,直到无雾气后方可使用。轻轻地向包埋盒中加入5% CMC包埋剂,与包埋盒上边缘持平或略低于上边缘位置。放入正己烷-干冰浴中,等到包埋剂下层凝固约1/3时放入样品,保持在中部位置。待包埋剂完全凝固,移除包埋盒,放入-80 ℃冰箱保存。
样品托上滴满5% CMC包埋剂,把样品包埋块迅速粘在样品托上冷冻固定5 min。将样品固定到刀头,调整好角度后进行修片,直到切到样品包埋位置。把刀头进程调整到100 μm后进行切片。样品室(-20 ℃)冷冻好的导电载玻片用手指加热,通过热量使切好的样品粘贴到载玻片上,随后将样品切片真空干燥30 min后待用。
用70%甲醇水溶液配制30 mg·mL-1的DHB基质溶液,将组织切片固定在全自动基质喷雾仪中进行基质喷涂,喷涂参数如下:基质为DHB+/DHB-(30 mg·mL-1),基质流速20 μL·min-1,氮气流速5 L·min-1,喷嘴移速3 mm·s-1,喷嘴温度60 ℃,每个切片喷涂时长50 min。
采用TransMIT AP-SMALDI 10大气压扫描型基质辅助激光解吸电离离子源搭载Thermo Scientific Q ExactiveTM质谱仪对样品进行检测,用正、负离子2种模式,正离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为60%,负离子检测模式下的激光能量强度为40%,检测质量范围为m/z 70~1 050,激光能量Filter 20%+23°、质量分辨率70 000,空间分辨率为50 μm,像素大小420 px×200 px。
将原始文件通过ProteoWizard软件转换为.mzXML格式文件,使用自主编写的R程序包(内核为XCMS)进行峰识别、峰提取、峰对齐和积分等处理,然后与BiotreeDB(V2.1)自建质谱数据库、Metlin(http://metlin.scripps.edu)、HMDB(http://hmdb.ca/)等数据库匹配进行物质注释。将原始文件导入MIRION成像数据分析软件进行图像重构,将化合物信息与组织切片的位置信息结合起来,直观展示不同组织结构及类型中不同化合物成分的空间分布。
本研究在正负离子模式下对纹党根进行了MALDI-MSI质谱成像分析,根组织的光学图像如图1所示,MALDI-MSI质谱图见图2。共检测到代谢物214个,其中正离子模式下检测到167个,负离子模式下检测到47个。代谢物包括28个黄酮,27个生物碱,27个苯丙素,21个酚类,17个萜类,17个核苷酸及其衍生物,15个氨基酸及其衍生物,14个醌类,13个羧酸及其衍生物,35个其他化合物。其中,黄酮、生物碱、苯丙素及酚类占比最多。利用MALDI-MSI质谱成像技术,本研究非常清晰地可视化了纹党不同种类代谢物的空间特征,本文展示了40个代表性代谢物的空间成像特征,该40个代表性代谢物的相关信息见表1
黄酮类化合物是纹党中广泛存在的一类化合物,是纹党重要的活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、促进细胞迁移和影响多胺调控信号通路等药理作用[22-25]。选择纹党中离子强度相对较高的代表性代谢物异狼毒素(m/z 543.132 2)、水黄皮素(m/z 293.080 6)、槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷(m/z 435.091 8)、车前子苷(m/z 467.123 5)和槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷(m/z 463.093 5)进行MALDI成像,如图3所示。结果表明,异狼毒素主要分布在根组织的木质部,少量分布于韧皮部;槲皮素-3-阿拉伯糖苷分布在木质部和韧皮部;车前子苷主要分布在韧皮部,少量分布于木质部;水黄皮素和槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷的离子强度较低,水黄皮素分布在韧皮部,槲皮素-7-葡萄糖苷分布在木质部。总体来看,黄酮类化合物主要存在于纹党根组织的木质部,具有较高的离子强度,钱锦秀等[26]的研究表明黄芩的木质部也存在着较多的黄酮苷和苷元。这些成分参与了纹党中黄酮类化合物的生物合成,具体的合成调控机制还需要进一步的探讨。
生物碱是植物中含有的一类含氮有机化合物,是植物应对环境胁迫产生的一类次生代谢产物,一般具有苦味和毒性,可以抵御动物采食,在许多中草药中含量丰富,具有多样性药理学活性,如抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血脂、保肝、神经保护等[27-28]。本研究通过空间代谢组学技术鉴定出了纹党中的几种生物碱,对其中的喜树碱(m/z 349.118 6)、异喹啉(m/z 130.065 0)、水仙环素(m/z 308.076 4)、L-尼古丁(m/z 163.122 8)和烟酰胺(m/z 123.055 3)进行了成像分析,如图4所示。可以看出,比起黄酮类化合物,生物碱的离子强度较低,水仙环素和L-尼古丁在纹党根组织中零散分布,党参碱、异喹啉和烟酰胺主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,与黄酮类化合物分布有差异。有研究者表明一些生物碱主要分布在根茎类药材的周皮和韧皮部[29],与本文研究结果大概一致。
苯丙素类化合物是药用植物中常见的以C6-C3为骨架结构的次生代谢物,其结构多样,具有较好的生物学活性且毒性较低,抗肿瘤活性好,如鬼臼毒素[30]。本文对党参中的异补骨脂素(m/z 186.031 7)、西瑞香素(m/z 352.058 3)、异佛手柑内酯(m/z 216.042 3)、(+)-丁香树脂酚(m/z 418.162 8)和党参苷I(m/z 678.644 7)进行根组织的空间定位,可视化苯丙素类化合物的分布。从图5可以看出异补骨脂素在木栓层的离子强度最高,西瑞香素在木栓层和韧皮部分布广泛,异佛手柑内酯、(+)-丁香树脂酚和党参苷I主要分布在木栓层。由此可以看出,党参中的苯丙素类化合物大部分分布在木栓层。
酚类化合物广泛存在于药用植物中,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗过敏和增强免疫等多种生理活性[31]。对本次检测到的离子强度较高的5个酚类化合物进行空间组织定位,如图6所示,3,4’-O-二甲基鞣花酸(m/z 329.027 5)在木栓层的离子强度较高,龙胆酸(m/z 153.019 0)在木质部的离子强度较高,龙胆赛因(m/z 245.044 0)主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,优咕吨酮(m/z 229.049 6)在整个根组织零散分布,水杨酸(m/z 137.024 5)主要在木栓层。由此可知,大部分的酚类化合物主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,这与前人研究结果基本一致,植物的韧皮部含有大量的酚类化合物[32]
氨基酸是植物中存在的一大类营养物质,对植物的生长发育起着非常重要的作用,一般补益类中药含有大量的氨基酸成分,党参是一种传统的补气药,富含多种氨基酸[33]。本研究对L-精氨酸(m/z 175.118 8)、γ-L-谷氨酸-L-半胱氨酸(m/z 251.070 0)、5-氧化脯氨酸(m/z 130.050 0)、高精氨酸(m/z 189.135 5)、L-谷氨酰胺(m/z 147.076 8)和L-组氨酸(m/z 156.076 3)进行了空间组织定位(图7)。结果表明,L-精氨酸和高精氨酸集中分布于韧皮部,γ-L-谷氨酸-L-半胱氨酸存在于木栓层和韧皮部,5-氧化脯氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺和L-组氨酸分布于整个根组织,但在靠近韧皮部区域的离子强度最高,由此得知,氨基酸大部分分布于韧皮部区域。
除上述化合物外,本次MALDI-MSI也检测到了纹党中的一些核苷酸、羧酸和醌类等成分,对其中的代表性化合物进行成像分析,如图8所示。核苷酸:2’-脱氧鸟苷-5’-二磷酸(m/z 426.017 2)均匀地分布于纹党的整个根组织,5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核糖核苷酸(m/z 339.067 6)少量分布于韧皮部,胞苷-5-单磷酸(m/z 324.058 1)存在于木栓层和木质部。羧酸:酪氨酸甲酯(m/z 196.094 7)分布在木栓层和木质部,顺-2-甲基乌头酸盐(m/z 187.026 7)主要在木栓层和韧皮部,2-羟基-3-羧基亚苄基丙酮酸(m/z 237.040 4)大量分布于韧皮部。醌类:大黄酸(m/z 285.036 7)和兰雪醌(m/z 189.054 4)集中分布于木栓层区域,番泻苷C(m/z 849.225 5)在靠近木栓层的韧皮部区域以及木质部区域的离子强度相对较高。
此外,对纹党中的指标性成分也进行了组织定位,从图8可以看出苍术内酯Ⅲ(m/z 249.148 3)分布于木栓层,党参炔苷(m/z 435.141 3)在木栓层和木质部中的离子强度高,紫丁香苷(m/z 411.105 3)同样集中分布于木栓层。同时,本次试验也检测到了一些农药残留,从图8中可以观察到1-萘酚(m/z 145.064 6)仅残留于表皮部位,而异柳磷(m/z 346.127 4)存在于木质部,证明在药材生长过程中农药可能被吸收到了药材内部。1-萘酚是杀虫剂西维因的降解产物,作为一种土壤环境污染物,更是对人体有非常大的毒害作用,具有致畸、致癌的潜在毒性[34]。异柳磷是一种禁用的有机磷农药,常作为杀虫剂使用,过量使用会导致中药中有残留,影响中药品质,危害人体健康。本文研究结果证明在纹党种植过程中可能使用了农药,在一定程度上会影响纹党的品质。
利用KEGG数据库,对检测到的214个代谢物进行通路富集分析,见图9,横坐标是富集因子,数值越大表示富集程度越大,纵坐标是富集程度最高的前15条通路名称,p值以颜色表示,颜色越红表示富集越显著,每个圆点代表1个通路名称,点越大表示该通路富集代谢物的数量越多。可以看出代谢物显著富集于代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成、黄酮生物合成、氨基酸生物合成以及碳代谢等通路。通过筛选通路代谢物可知,参与这些代谢物生物合成的相关通路代谢物主要有绿原酸、水杨酸、鸟嘌呤、哈尔满碱、秦皮乙素、王草酚、腺苷、胞嘧啶、顺-2-甲基乌头酸盐和6-羟基烟酸等化合物。绿原酸、水杨酸和6-羟基烟酸是药用植物中广泛存在的次生代谢物,能增强药用植物对外界的防御能力[35]。鸟嘌呤、腺苷和胞嘧啶是核苷酸代谢的组成部分,对细胞代谢至关重要[36]。哈尔满碱通过生物碱代谢途径合成,具有神经毒性,可以帮助药用植物抵御害虫[37]。秦皮乙素通过苯丙氨酸途径合成,具有抗氧化、抗炎及抗肿瘤等作用[38]。王草酚是一种香豆素化合物,其合成涉及酚酸和黄酮的代谢途径,具有抗炎、抗菌和抗病毒的特性[39],可以帮助药用植物抵御病害。这些化合物在药用植物的代谢途径和次生代谢物的生物合成中发挥着重要的作用,影响药用植物的生长、发育及其对环境压力的响应。
本文采用MALDI-MSI技术对纹党根部的次级代谢物进行了鉴定和组织定位,共检测到214个代谢物,同时可视化了40个代表性代谢物的空间分布特征,包括黄酮、生物碱、苯丙素、酚类、氨基酸、核苷酸、醌类、羧酸以及其他成分。总体上,不同的次级代谢物在木栓层-韧皮部-木质部的分布模式差异较大,其中,大部分黄酮类化合物主要分布于木质部,生物碱、酚类和羧酸主要分布在木栓层和韧皮部,苯丙素和醌类主要分布于木栓层,氨基酸大量存在于韧皮部,核苷酸分布于整个根组织,指标性成分苍术内酯Ⅲ和紫丁香苷分布于木栓层,党参炔苷在木栓层和木质部中均有分布。这些代谢物呈现出了不同的分布特征,这可能与代谢物的自身特征、植物的生物胁迫、生态环境因素、栽培条件以及根部组织的特异性功能等因素相关,具体原因还需要进一步做更深入的探究。此外,本次还检测到一些农药残留,证明纹党在种植过程中可能使用了农药,导致农药在药材体内蓄积,影响纹党品质,需要规范化纹党的种植,尽量限制农药的使用,保证纹党品质。对代谢物的KEGG富集分析显示代谢物显著富集于代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成、黄酮生物合成、氨基酸生物合成以及碳代谢等通路。本研究结果弥补了纹党研究领域的空白,可为纹党以及其他药材的品质控制、药材的鉴定、有效成分的提取分离、代谢物的代谢规律提供一定的理论依据。
MALDI-MSI作为一种可以实现无损原位可视化分析的新兴技术,具有高通量,高灵敏度,操作快速等优点,近年来在中药研究领域受到青睐,已广泛应用于各种小分子化合物的原位分析以及复杂代谢机制阐述。本文仅对3年生采收期纹党进行了分析,在纹党未来的研究中,可以利用该技术,对不同生长期纹党的代谢物进行成像分析,观察各种次级代谢物的积累规律和合成机制。同时也可以分析纹党的根、茎、叶、花等不同器官,阐明代谢物在不同器官间的转移规律,为代谢物的生物合成提供理论依据。此外,也可以通过该技术探讨不同品种、不同产地以及不同加工方式党参的品质差异,弥补党参质量控制研究的空白。总之,MALDI-MSI技术的实用性强,今后将推动中药研究走向新征程。
  • *科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706305)
  • 甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR1RA271)
  • 2021年度甘肃高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-40)
  • 甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0069)
  • 兰州市科技局校企合作项目(2023-RC-9)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0372
  • 接收时间:2024-06-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04
基金
*科技部国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1706305)
甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR1RA271)
2021年度甘肃高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-40)
甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0069)
兰州市科技局校企合作项目(2023-RC-9)
作者信息
    1. 甘肃中医药大学药学院,兰州730000
    2. 甘肃省中医院药学部,兰州730050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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