Article(id=1240997644387021221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0383, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717689600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773806495043, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773806495043, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773806495043, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773806495043, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240997638351409170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773806493604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773810140860, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=265, endPage=274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240997646094102969, articleId=1240997644387021221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Investigation and exclusion strategy of an unknown peak in N-nitrosodiethylamine detection of irbesartan by LC-MS/MS, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To investigate an unknown peak at relative retention time (RRT) 0.95 of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) of irbesartan API with the LC-MS/MS detection method. To elucidate the structure and origin of this unknown peak. Its structure was confirmed with a reference compound, and a method optimization strategy was proposed to eliminate the impact of this unknown peak.

Methods:

The unknown peak causing interference in the determination of NDEA within sartan drug substances was examined using a full scan method of LC-MS/MS analysis. The unknown peak at RRT 0.95 was validated by conducting high resolution LC-MS analyses and comparing with that of a reference sample. Additionally, a strategy for resolving this issue was proposed in the further investigation.

Results:

According to the LC-Q TOF MS results, the unknown peak at RRT 0.95 was confirmed to be 1-pentanamide, a trace regular impurity commonly existing in the sartan samples. As the extract mass of 1-pentanamide was 1 less than that of NDEA, the m/z value of an isotope in 1-pentanamide ([M+H]++1) was 103 and was equal to the m/z value of the main [M+H]+ isotope of NDEA under the MRM mode. Furthermore, the [M+H]++1 isotope ion of 1-pentanamide could occur a neutral lose by leaving a molecule of ethylene to generate the isotope ion of m/z 75, which was similar to NDEA in the MRM analysis under ESI positive mode. Therefore, when m/z 103 was used as the precursor ion and m/z 75 was used as the quantitative ion, 1-pentanamide will interfere with detection of NDEA.

Conclusion:

In the LC-MS/MS analysis for NDEA, the unknown peak observed at a retention time of 0.95 has been identified as 1-pentanamide. This compound is confirmed as a common trace impurity that regularly occurs during the production of sartan active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), rather than being another nitrosamine impurity. Subsequent research has revealed that employing a more selective quantitative model and choosing m/z 47 as the quantifier ion effectively avoid the unknown peak caused by 1-pentanamide.

, correspAuthors=Jin-sheng LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong CAI, He XIE, Xiao-ling LI, Shi-yi ZHAO, Bing-jiang JING, Jian-yang JIN, Wen-bin CHEN, Jian YE, Min LI, Jin-sheng LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240997648853955209, articleId=1240997644387021221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基于LC-MS/MS法对N-亚硝基二乙胺检测中的未知峰调查及排除策略, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

采用检测厄贝沙坦中N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)的高分辨LC-Q TOF MS法对未知峰[相对保留时间(RRT)为0.95]进行调查,确定该未知峰结构及产生来源,制定出相应的分析方法优化策略。

方法:

采用LC-Q TOF MS全扫描的方法对该未知峰进行质谱全扫描,确定出未知峰的结构式,比较该未知峰与NDEA一级质谱及二级质谱的差异,并参照LC-MS/MS方法对待测组分的定量离子选择,阐述NDEA检测中该未知峰出现的原因,制定相应的分析方法优化策略。

结果:

根据LC-Q TOF MS分析结果,推测该未知峰为1-戊酰胺,这是沙坦原料药样品中含有的微量常规杂质,并通过与1-戊酰胺对照品比对进行最终确认。由于1-戊酰胺摩尔相对分子质量比NDEA少1,因此,在ESI正离子模式下,1-戊酰胺氢离子加合离子[M+H]++1的同位素峰m/z与NDEA [M+H]+离子m/z相同,即103,并且与NDEA类似,1-戊酰胺氢离子加合离子[M+H]++1同位素峰在MRM模式下也能裂解1个乙烯中性分子,产生m/z 75同位素离子,导致当选择m/z 103作为母离子,m/z 75 为定量子离子时,1-戊酰胺会对NDEA的检测产生干扰。

结论:

在沙坦类药物NDEA LC-MS/MS检测中RRT 0.95的未知峰为1-戊酰胺,是沙坦类药物生产过程中产生的常规微量工艺杂质,而不是另外的亚硝胺杂质;在后续的研究中,将采用特征选择性更强的m/z 47 定量子离子模式,可以避免该未知峰产生。

, correspAuthors=林金生, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Tel:(0576)85016339;E-mail:
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蔡虹Tel:(0576)85016339;E-mail:

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A.厄贝沙坦(irbesartan) B.加标100 ng·mL-1 NDEA对照品的厄贝沙坦(rbesartan spiked with 100 ng·mL-1 of NDEA)

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基于LC-MS/MS法对N-亚硝基二乙胺检测中的未知峰调查及排除策略
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蔡虹 1 , 谢鹤 1 , 李晓玲 2 , 赵诗怡 1 , 荆冰江 3 , 金建阳 1 , 陈文斌 1 , 叶坚 1 , 李敏 1 , 林金生 1, *
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025,45(2): 265-274
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025, 45(2): 265-274
基于LC-MS/MS法对N-亚硝基二乙胺检测中的未知峰调查及排除策略
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蔡虹1 , 谢鹤1, 李晓玲2, 赵诗怡1, 荆冰江3, 金建阳1, 陈文斌1, 叶坚1, 李敏1, 林金生1, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江华海药业股份有限公司高等分析技术中心,临海 317024
  • 2.浙江华海药业股份有限公司制剂分厂分析检测中心,临海 317024
  • 3. 浙江华海药业股份有限公司综合管理部,临海 317024
  • 蔡虹Tel:(0576)85016339;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*Tel:(0576)85016339;E-mail:
Investigation and exclusion strategy of an unknown peak in N-nitrosodiethylamine detection of irbesartan by LC-MS/MS
Hong CAI1 , He XIE1, Xiao-ling LI2, Shi-yi ZHAO1, Bing-jiang JING3, Jian-yang JIN1, Wen-bin CHEN1, Jian YE1, Min LI1, Jin-sheng LIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Center of Excellence for Modern Analytical Technologies (CEMAT),Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.,Linhai 317024,China
  • 2. Analytical and Testing Center,Formulation Plant,Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.,Linhai 317024,China
  • 3. General Management Department,Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd.,Linhai 317024,China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0383
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目的:

采用检测厄贝沙坦中N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)的高分辨LC-Q TOF MS法对未知峰[相对保留时间(RRT)为0.95]进行调查,确定该未知峰结构及产生来源,制定出相应的分析方法优化策略。

方法:

采用LC-Q TOF MS全扫描的方法对该未知峰进行质谱全扫描,确定出未知峰的结构式,比较该未知峰与NDEA一级质谱及二级质谱的差异,并参照LC-MS/MS方法对待测组分的定量离子选择,阐述NDEA检测中该未知峰出现的原因,制定相应的分析方法优化策略。

结果:

根据LC-Q TOF MS分析结果,推测该未知峰为1-戊酰胺,这是沙坦原料药样品中含有的微量常规杂质,并通过与1-戊酰胺对照品比对进行最终确认。由于1-戊酰胺摩尔相对分子质量比NDEA少1,因此,在ESI正离子模式下,1-戊酰胺氢离子加合离子[M+H]++1的同位素峰m/z与NDEA [M+H]+离子m/z相同,即103,并且与NDEA类似,1-戊酰胺氢离子加合离子[M+H]++1同位素峰在MRM模式下也能裂解1个乙烯中性分子,产生m/z 75同位素离子,导致当选择m/z 103作为母离子,m/z 75 为定量子离子时,1-戊酰胺会对NDEA的检测产生干扰。

结论:

在沙坦类药物NDEA LC-MS/MS检测中RRT 0.95的未知峰为1-戊酰胺,是沙坦类药物生产过程中产生的常规微量工艺杂质,而不是另外的亚硝胺杂质;在后续的研究中,将采用特征选择性更强的m/z 47 定量子离子模式,可以避免该未知峰产生。

沙坦类药物  /  N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)  /  液相色谱质谱联用  /  未知峰  /  调查  /  同位素  /  干扰  /  MRM模式  /  1-戊酰胺
Objective:

To investigate an unknown peak at relative retention time (RRT) 0.95 of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) of irbesartan API with the LC-MS/MS detection method. To elucidate the structure and origin of this unknown peak. Its structure was confirmed with a reference compound, and a method optimization strategy was proposed to eliminate the impact of this unknown peak.

Methods:

The unknown peak causing interference in the determination of NDEA within sartan drug substances was examined using a full scan method of LC-MS/MS analysis. The unknown peak at RRT 0.95 was validated by conducting high resolution LC-MS analyses and comparing with that of a reference sample. Additionally, a strategy for resolving this issue was proposed in the further investigation.

Results:

According to the LC-Q TOF MS results, the unknown peak at RRT 0.95 was confirmed to be 1-pentanamide, a trace regular impurity commonly existing in the sartan samples. As the extract mass of 1-pentanamide was 1 less than that of NDEA, the m/z value of an isotope in 1-pentanamide ([M+H]++1) was 103 and was equal to the m/z value of the main [M+H]+ isotope of NDEA under the MRM mode. Furthermore, the [M+H]++1 isotope ion of 1-pentanamide could occur a neutral lose by leaving a molecule of ethylene to generate the isotope ion of m/z 75, which was similar to NDEA in the MRM analysis under ESI positive mode. Therefore, when m/z 103 was used as the precursor ion and m/z 75 was used as the quantitative ion, 1-pentanamide will interfere with detection of NDEA.

Conclusion:

In the LC-MS/MS analysis for NDEA, the unknown peak observed at a retention time of 0.95 has been identified as 1-pentanamide. This compound is confirmed as a common trace impurity that regularly occurs during the production of sartan active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), rather than being another nitrosamine impurity. Subsequent research has revealed that employing a more selective quantitative model and choosing m/z 47 as the quantifier ion effectively avoid the unknown peak caused by 1-pentanamide.

sartan drugs  /  N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)  /  LC-MS/MS  /  unknown peak  /  investigation  /  isotope  /  interference  /  MRM mode  /  1-pentanamide
蔡虹, 谢鹤, 李晓玲, 赵诗怡, 荆冰江, 金建阳, 陈文斌, 叶坚, 李敏, 林金生. 基于LC-MS/MS法对N-亚硝基二乙胺检测中的未知峰调查及排除策略. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 265 -274 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0383
Hong CAI, He XIE, Xiao-ling LI, Shi-yi ZHAO, Bing-jiang JING, Jian-yang JIN, Wen-bin CHEN, Jian YE, Min LI, Jin-sheng LIN. Investigation and exclusion strategy of an unknown peak in N-nitrosodiethylamine detection of irbesartan by LC-MS/MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (2) : 265 -274 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0383
近年来,随着人民生活水平的不断提高和老龄化加剧,高血压成为危害人类健康的常见疾病之一[1-2]。目前已上市的抗高血压药物有很多种类,包含利尿剂、β受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)等[3-10]
沙坦类药物作为最重要的一类血管紧张素受体拮抗剂,其活性成分(active pharmaceutical ingredient,API)结构中普遍含有联苯四氮唑基团,其代表性药物主要有缬沙坦、氯沙坦钾、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦酯等。考虑到成本、环保以及可工业化生产的因素,在沙坦类药物的API生产过程中,联苯四氮唑基团的构建通常采用4’-溴甲基联苯-2-腈和叠氮钠作为共同起始原料。这一过程通常包括缩合、四氮唑化、盐化和结晶等工艺步骤,最终得到成品沙坦类药物[11-16]
对厄贝沙坦的工艺进行研究后发现,厄贝沙坦的最后一步化学合成工艺使用了叠氮钠,由于叠氮钠在后处理工序中会转化成有毒、挥发性的叠氮酸,因此,在沙坦类产品的后处理工艺中,一般采用亚硝酸钠在酸性条件下淬灭残留叠氮化物的方式[17-19]。但是,由于在上四氮唑反应中使用三乙胺盐酸盐,其中的三乙胺在高温条件下可能降解产生微量的二乙胺,在沙坦类产品的后处理工序中,可能会进一步与工艺中残留的微量亚硝化试剂反应产生N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA)。
自从2018年6月发现在缬沙坦API中含有微量的N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)杂质后,亚硝胺类杂质的控制策略制定及分析方法开发成了各国药品监管当局及各个医药公司关注的重点[20-24]。根据ICH-M7指南,亚硝胺杂质被列为高度警惕的关注队列杂质(cohort of concern),其PDE值或AI值一般低于常规基因毒性杂质(1.5 µg·d-1),特别是对于低分子量的烷基亚硝胺杂质[25]。对于低分子量的烷基亚硝胺杂质,比如NDMA、NDEA、N-亚硝基二异丙胺(NDIPA)、N-亚硝基乙基异丙胺(NEIPA)、N-亚硝基二丁胺(NDBA)等,其在药品中限度分别为96、26.5、26.5、26.5及26.5 ng·d-1,一般需要采用顶空GC-MS、GC-MS/MS、高分辨LC-MS或LC-MS/MS等进行方法开发及检测[26-30]。参考EMA 2018年10月公布的NDEA检测方法[31],开发了LC-MS/MS方法并对厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦及氯沙坦钾中NDEA进行检测。
在使用开发好的LC-APCI MS/MS方法对厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦及氯沙坦钾中NDEA进行检测时发现,这些沙坦样品中NDEA含量均小于30 ng·g-1,但对厄贝沙坦样品的NDEA杂质检测方法进行开发及排查时发现,在相对于NDEA的相对保留时间(RRT)为0.95的位置出现了1个明显的未知峰,此未知峰的出现对产品的安全性确认造成很大困扰,因此,急需对其进行调查,鉴定其是否也属于亚硝胺杂质,并根据其结构和来源讨论相应的处置措施。
TQS Micro高效液相色谱联用三重四极杆质谱仪(Waters公司),Agilent 1260/G6470B高效液相色谱联用三重四极杆质谱仪(Agilent公司),Agilent 1260/6545高效液相色谱联用四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱仪(Agilent公司),XPE205十万分之一电子天平(梅特勒-托勒多公司),Acquity UPLC BEH C18(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.7 µm)色谱柱、Cortecs C18(100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm)色谱柱(Waters公司)。
厄贝沙坦(批号Irb-19-001,浙江华海药业股份有限公司);甲醇、甲酸、磷酸(色谱纯,Sigma公司),乙腈(色谱纯,Merck试剂公司),纯化水(Thermo Scientific纯水仪,华海自制)。
采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.7 µm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~3 min,5%B;3~8 min,5%B→60%B;8~9 min,60%B→95%B;9~12 min,95%B;12~12.1 min,95%B→5%B;12.1~16 min,5%B),流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量20 μL。
采用APCI离子源,正离子模式,MRM质谱扫描模式,电晕针电流7 μA,锥孔电压36 V,脱溶气流速800 L·min-1,探头温度550 ℃,碰撞能量10/12 eV,采集时间2~8 min,目标母离子m/z 103,定量离子m/z 75,停留时间0.025 s。
采用Cortecs C18 (100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱,流动相及梯度洗脱程序同“2.1.1”项下,流速1.3 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量50 μL。
采用APCI离子源,正离子模式,质谱全扫描模式,电晕针电流7 μA,干燥气体流速6 L·min-1,干燥气体温度350 ℃,蒸发室温度500 ℃,雾化气体压力241 kPa,毛细管电压3 500 V,碎片电压70 V,MS1扫描带宽为~4 amu,MS1扫描范围m/z 50~200,碰撞能量30 eV,MS2扫描范围m/z 30~200,目标二级质谱m/z 102.09、103.08。
1-戊酰胺按照下式反应而成:
取戊酰氯1 mL,加入10 mL乙酸乙酯中,再加入氨水2 mL,室温下搅拌反应30 min,40 ℃旋转蒸发仪中蒸除乙酸乙酯,分别用正己烷约5 mL洗涤固体3次,60 ℃真空烘干12 h,即得。
甲酸-甲醇-水(1:1 00:9 00),也作为空白溶液。
精密称取氢氧化钠4 g于100 mL量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,即得。
精密称取厄贝沙坦30 mg,置于5 mL离心管中,加入1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液300 μL涡旋溶解,加入稀释液1.700 mL,混匀,得质量浓度为15 mg·mL-1的厄贝沙坦溶液。
采用UPLC-APCI MS/MS技术对厄贝沙坦中的NDEA杂质进行了分析方法的开发与检测。在MRM下(具体参数见“2.1”项下,其中母离子设置为m/z 103,定量子离子设置为m/z 75),对厄贝沙坦样品及其NDEA加标样品中的NDEA含量进行测定。发现厄贝沙坦加标100 ng·mL-1 NDEA的样品除了在6.25 min的NDEA出峰位置有色谱峰出现外,在5.94 min出现了1个未知峰(RRT 0.95,以下均称为RRT 0.95未知峰)。厄贝沙坦样品虽然在6.25 min处没有出现色谱峰,但在5.94 min处也出现了未知峰(厄贝沙坦样品及厄贝沙坦加标100 ng·mL-1 NDEA的样品LC-MS/MS谱图见图1),按NDEA外标对照品溶液的质谱响应进行换算,其含量将超过100 ng·g-1,已经对NDEA的检测造成干扰,因此需调查此杂质结构,判断其是否也为另外1种亚硝胺杂质。
采用高分辨的液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱仪(LC-Q TOF MS仪)对待测厄贝沙坦溶液及NDEA对照品溶液进行分析(总离子流图见图2)。用LC-Q TOF MS仪提取NDEA对照品溶液中10.4 min色谱峰质谱信号时,发现其[M+H]+质谱信号为m/z 103.087 6(见图3-A),精确分子式匹配结果为([C4H10N2O]+H)+,匹配误差为4.85,与NDEA分子式一致,说明10.4 min色谱峰为NDEA。提取厄贝沙坦样品溶液中NDEA RRT 0.95出峰位置,也即在9.6~9.9 min出峰位置的质谱信号,发现其[M+H] +质谱信号为m/z 102.092 1(见图3-B),同时可以观察到其M+1同位素信号m/z 103.095 9,与NDEA一级质谱母离子在LC-MS/MS检测的低分辨条件下无法区分开;同时,在ESI离子源检测模式下,二者刚好又有相同的质谱裂解规律,即可能对NDEA的检测造成干扰。
m/z 102.092 1离子进行分子式匹配,匹配结果为([C5H11NO]+H)+,匹配误差为1.96,与NDEA分子式相比,多了1个碳原子及1个氢原子,少了1个氮原子,分子式不饱和度为1,通过查阅Reaxys及SciFinder数据库,发现能与此C5H11NO分子式匹配的化合物达600多个,因此,还需要通过其他方式来获得RRT 0.95未知峰的结构信息。
为解析该杂质结构,对厄贝沙坦API的合成路线进行了分析(合成简图见图4)。在厄贝沙坦中间体环合物盐酸盐的合成过程中,使用到了戊酰氯;同时在上一步的合成工序中,使用到了氨水。戊酰氯与氨作用即可产生1-戊酰胺,而1-戊酰胺的分子式即为C5H11NO,因此,初步推测目标杂质可能为1-戊酰胺。1-戊酰胺的可能产生路径见图5
在前面的研究中,分析了厄贝沙坦的合成工艺,推测目标杂质可能为1-戊酰胺。为进一步确认,采用戊酰氯与氨水反应的方法合成了1-戊酰胺对照品(合成方法见“2.3”项下),并用核磁共振证明目标杂质结构的准确性。用得到的1-戊酰胺对照品、厄贝沙坦样品以及NDEA对照品在LC-MS/MS中进行出峰时间比对,NDEA出峰时间为6.50 min(图6),同时LC- MS/MS分析中1-戊酰胺对照品在此处也能出峰,出峰时间为6.06 min,通过计算可得RRT为0.94。虽然相比第1次检测,NDEA及1-戊酰胺出峰结果均往后延迟了0.25、0.12 min,但厄贝沙坦样品在本次检测中未知干扰峰也为6.06 min。在LC-MS/MS系统中,采用子离子扫描模式,在10、20、30、40 eV能量下分别采集了1-戊酰胺及NDEA的二级质谱数据,发现1-戊酰胺能产生m/z 74的离子,其M+1同位素即为m/z 75离子,这也从理论上解释了为何1-戊酰胺在MRM模式下,当以m/z 103作为母离子,m/z 75作为定量离子的检测条件时会干扰NDEA的检测。NDEA及1-戊酰胺的二级质谱图分别见图7图8
根据上述研究结果,确认在原NDEA检测中RRT 0.95未知峰为1-戊酰胺。分析NDEA及1-戊酰胺在10、20、30、40 eV能量下的二级质谱结果,NDEA主要产生m/z 75、47及30等二级子离子,其中先前作为NDEA定量离子的m/z 75离子是NDEA母离子m/z 103中性丢失一分子乙烯产生的离子,而m/z 47离子再进一步中性丢失一分子乙烯产生的,同时m/z 47离子再进一步中性丢失一分子氨气即可能产生m/z 30离子(见图7)。
1-戊酰胺主要产生m/z 74、57、41及39等二级子离子,其中m/z 74离子就是干扰NDEA检测的离子,与NDEA裂解规律类似,为1-戊酰胺母离子m/z 102中性丢失一分子乙烯产生的离子;此外,在不同的CID碰撞能量下,m/z 74离子可以中性丢失一分子氨气即可能产生特征1-戊酰胺特征的m/z 57离子(见图8)。NDEA及1-戊酰胺的二级质谱裂解规律研究见图9。最重要的是,在1-戊酰胺的二级质谱碎片中,m/z 74离子无法进一步中性丢失一分子乙烯产生m/z 46离子(其M+1同位素会干扰NDEA的检测),因此,在NDEA的检测过程中,当使用m/z 47当定量离子时,应该可避免1-戊酰胺对NDEA的检测干扰。为了验证这一方法的可行性,重新选择m/z 47作为定量离子对厄贝沙坦样品及加标100 ng·mL-1 NDEA对照品的厄贝沙坦样品进行分析,结果发现,采用m/z 47作为定量离子对的确可以避免1-戊酰胺对NDEA的检测干扰,检测图谱见图10
本研究采用LC-Q TOF MS全扫描技术,结合杂质对照品确认,对沙坦类药物中NDEA的LC-MS/MS检测中在RRT 0.95处出现的未知峰进行了深入调查,确定该未知峰的结构及其产生来源,并据此制定分析方法的改进策略。通过比较该未知峰与NDEA的一级和二级质谱数据,并参考LC-MS/MS方法中对待测组分的定量离子选择,基于LC-Q TOF MS的分析及合成工艺调查的结果,推测该未知峰为1-戊酰胺,这是一种在沙坦原料药样品中存在的微量常规杂质。随后,合成了1-戊酰胺对照品并进行了最终确认。本文阐述了该未知峰对NDEA检测的影响,并提出了1-戊酰胺在高度专属性的LC-MS/MS方法下对NDEA检测依然存在干扰的根本原因。在沙坦类药物的NDEA检测中被确认的未知峰1-戊酰胺,是沙坦类药物生产过程中产生的一种常规微量工艺杂质,而非另一种亚硝胺杂质。在后续的研究中,对沙坦类产品中NDEA的检测采用了选择性更强的m/z 103为母离子及m/z 47为子离子的定量模式,从而从根本上避免了1-戊酰胺的干扰。
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0383
  • 接收时间:2024-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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    1.浙江华海药业股份有限公司高等分析技术中心,临海 317024
    2.浙江华海药业股份有限公司制剂分厂分析检测中心,临海 317024
    3. 浙江华海药业股份有限公司综合管理部,临海 317024

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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