Article(id=1240997643841761670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0327, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715702400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773806494913, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773806494913, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773806494913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773806494913, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240997638351409170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773806493604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773810140860, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=280, endPage=289, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240997644215054747, articleId=1240997643841761670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Simultaneous analysis of 4 GLP-1 peptide additives and 4 small molecule illegal anti-obesity drugs by HPLC-Q TOF MS, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q TOF MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of illegal 4 anti-obesity small molecule drugs and 4 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide additives.

Methods:

The samples were extracted by ultrasound using 50% acetonitrile as the extraction solvent. After centrifugation, the supernatant was taken and separated using an Agilent EC-C18 chromatographic column (150 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7 μm). Acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and water (0.1% formic acid) were used as mobile phases, with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 40 ℃. Adopting positive ion full scanning and target ion secondary fragment scanning methods, with a fragmentation voltage of 150 V. The scanning range of the primary mass spectrometry was m/z 100-3 200, and the scanning range of the secondary mass spectrometry was m/z 50-3 200, with a scanning speed of 1 mass spectrum per second. Establish a data spectral library based on the chromatographic retention time, primary mass spectrometry, and secondary mass spectrometry information of the reference standard, and confirmed the structure through database comparison.

Results:

The screening detection limit for peptides was 0.5 µg·mL-1, while small molecular drugs was 0.05 µg·mL-1. The recoveries were in the range of 79.4% to 115.8%,with the relative standard deviations of 0.21% to 9.7%. Using this method, 20 batches of anti-obesity drugs were tested, in which semaglutide was identified in 4 samples and sibutratmine was identified in 1 batche.

Conclusion:

Compared with the complementary method No. 2012005 by the China Food and Drug Administration, the method established in this study can simultaneously analyze small and large molecules (the relative molecular mass<5 000), featuring high efficiency and accuracy.

, correspAuthors=Zhan SHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming LING, Zhan SHU, Qin JIN, Cheng-Shuai WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240997646987489785, articleId=1240997643841761670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=HPLC-Q TOF MS法同时测定4种GLP-1类多肽及4种小分子减肥类添加物, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q TOF MS)同时测定4种减肥类小分子及4种胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)多肽类非法添加物的分析方法。

方法:

样品以50%乙腈为提取溶剂进行超声提取,离心后取上清液,采用Agilent EC-C18 色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm)进行分离,以乙腈(0.1%甲酸)和水(0.1%甲酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃。采用正离子全扫描及目标离子二级碎片扫描方式,碎裂电压150 V。其中一级质谱扫描范围为m/z 100~3 200,二级质谱扫描范围为m/z 50~3 200,扫描速度均为每秒1张质谱图。根据对照品的色谱保留时间、一级质谱和二级质谱信息建立数据谱库,通过数据库比对进行结构的确认。

结果:

多肽类物质定性筛查的检测限为0.5 µg·mL-1,其他小分子物质为0.05 µg·mL-1。在全扫描模式下,8个化合物线性相关系数均>0.995,回收率范围为79.4%~115.8%,RSD范围为0.21%~9.7%。采用本方法对20批减肥类样品进行检测,其中1批样品中检出西布曲明,4批样品中检出司美格鲁肽。

结论:

本方法扩大了国家食品药品监督管理局补充检验方法和检验项目批件2012005的筛查范围,能同时兼顾小分子物质和大分子多肽类物质(相对分子质量<5 000)检测的需要,具有高效、准确的特点。

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Tel:(0579)82301374;E-mail:

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1.艾塞那肽(exenatide) 2. NN-双去甲基西布曲明(NN-didesmethylsibutratmine) 3. 酚酞(phenolphthalein) 4. N-去甲基西布曲明(N-monodesmethylsibutratmine) 5. 西布曲明(sibutratmine) 6.司美格鲁肽(semaglutide) 7.利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)

, figureFileSmall=m2tUSa3wyEN0+T7MOUBFpA==, figureFileBig=Hjssd9Fy9YxHgj880oXiXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033139569619093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The influence of chromatographic column on peak shape and separation, figureFileSmall=1QE4mbBvgYxJOQtW4E1zxg==, figureFileBig=bvzXj+0Qb5NjRgni/YPyiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033139661893788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=CN, label=图2, caption=色谱柱对峰形和分离的影响

1~7.同图1(same as Fig. 1)

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1.艾塞那肽(exenatide) 2. Exendin-3 3. NN-双去甲基西布曲明(NN-didesmethylsibutratmine) 4. 酚酞(phenolphthalein) 5. N-去甲基西布曲明(N-monodesmethylsibutratmine) 6. 西布曲明(sibutratmine) 7.司美格鲁肽(semaglutide) 8.利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)

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A.艾塞那肽(exenatide) B. Exendin-3 C.司美格鲁肽(semaglutide) D.利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)

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Library and mass spectrum parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
tR/min分子式
(formular)
精确相对分子质量
(exact relative molecular mass)
离子化方式
(ionization mode)
CE/eV主要碎片离子
(fragment ion)m/z
可能的结构
(possible structure)
西布曲明(sibutratmine)18.2C17H26NCl279.175 4[M+H]+30125.015 2、139.030 7、103.054 4C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
N-去甲基西布曲明
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
17.2C16H24NCl265.159 7[M+H]+30125.015 1、139.030 4、103.053 0C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
NN-双去甲基西布曲明
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
16.5C15H22NCl251.144 1[M+H]+30103.053 0125.015 0、139.030 5、103.054 4C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
酚酞(phenolphthalein)16.9C20H14O4318.089 2[M+H] +30225.054 0、105.033 4C14H9O3+,C7H5O+
司美格鲁肽(semaglutide)21.5C187H291N45O594 111.115 4[M+4H]4+30136.075 5、530.240 7、689.800 0、1 302.225 8、1 237.705 3、960.406 2、72.081 7、1 358.766 7、1 059.473 0、573.757 8Immonium ion Y,b102+,b132+-H2O,y172+,y162+,b9+,Immonium ion V,y182+,b10+,b112+
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)22.7C172H265N43O513 748.946 5[M+4H]4+30136.075 2、72.081 7、1 128.148 7、946.390 2、1 063.6277 5、523.234 2、1 184.691 0、86.097 1、1 353.255 2、372.669 1Immonium ion Y,Immonium ion V,y172+,b9+,y162+,b102+,y182+,Immonium ion L,y212+,b72+
艾塞那肽(exenatide)15.0C184H282N50O60S4 184.027 3[M+5H]5+20396.224 2、948.207 9、299.171 4、943.704 4、70.066 3、834.208 7、202.117 4、378.211 5、797.594 6、972.471 0y4+,b354+,y3+,b354+-H2O,Immonium ion P,[M+4H]4+-H2O,y2+,y4+-H2O,b374+,b363+
艾塞那肽类似物(exendin-3)15.2C184H282N50O61S4 200.022 2[M+5H]5+20396.224 1、952.208 5、299.171 1、70.065 7、837.060 3、947.706 3、917.769 6、378.214 0、800.789 6、781.380 1y4+,b354+,y3+,Immonium ion P,b223+,b354+-H2O,b244+,y4+-H2O,b374+,b36 4+
), ArticleFig(id=1241033140664332478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

数据库及相关质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
tR/min分子式
(formular)
精确相对分子质量
(exact relative molecular mass)
离子化方式
(ionization mode)
CE/eV主要碎片离子
(fragment ion)m/z
可能的结构
(possible structure)
西布曲明(sibutratmine)18.2C17H26NCl279.175 4[M+H]+30125.015 2、139.030 7、103.054 4C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
N-去甲基西布曲明
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
17.2C16H24NCl265.159 7[M+H]+30125.015 1、139.030 4、103.053 0C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
NN-双去甲基西布曲明
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
16.5C15H22NCl251.144 1[M+H]+30103.053 0125.015 0、139.030 5、103.054 4C8H8Cl+,C7H6Cl+,C8H7+
酚酞(phenolphthalein)16.9C20H14O4318.089 2[M+H] +30225.054 0、105.033 4C14H9O3+,C7H5O+
司美格鲁肽(semaglutide)21.5C187H291N45O594 111.115 4[M+4H]4+30136.075 5、530.240 7、689.800 0、1 302.225 8、1 237.705 3、960.406 2、72.081 7、1 358.766 7、1 059.473 0、573.757 8Immonium ion Y,b102+,b132+-H2O,y172+,y162+,b9+,Immonium ion V,y182+,b10+,b112+
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)22.7C172H265N43O513 748.946 5[M+4H]4+30136.075 2、72.081 7、1 128.148 7、946.390 2、1 063.6277 5、523.234 2、1 184.691 0、86.097 1、1 353.255 2、372.669 1Immonium ion Y,Immonium ion V,y172+,b9+,y162+,b102+,y182+,Immonium ion L,y212+,b72+
艾塞那肽(exenatide)15.0C184H282N50O60S4 184.027 3[M+5H]5+20396.224 2、948.207 9、299.171 4、943.704 4、70.066 3、834.208 7、202.117 4、378.211 5、797.594 6、972.471 0y4+,b354+,y3+,b354+-H2O,Immonium ion P,[M+4H]4+-H2O,y2+,y4+-H2O,b374+,b363+
艾塞那肽类似物(exendin-3)15.2C184H282N50O61S4 200.022 2[M+5H]5+20396.224 1、952.208 5、299.171 1、70.065 7、837.060 3、947.706 3、917.769 6、378.214 0、800.789 6、781.380 1y4+,b354+,y3+,Immonium ion P,b223+,b354+-H2O,b244+,y4+-H2O,b374+,b36 4+
), ArticleFig(id=1241033140760801472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

The results of linear、correlation coefficients and SDL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
线性范围
(linear range)/(µg·mL-1
线性方程
(linear equation)
rLOD/(µg·mL-1
司美格鲁肽(sibutratmine)2.64~132.20 Y= 3.089×105 X + 4.314×1040.999 30.53
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)3.64~181.90 Y= 3.719×105 X + 1.599×1060.997 90.73
艾塞那肽(exenatide)2.52~126.10 Y= 2.708×105 X + 5.973×1050.998 70.50
Exendin-32.72~136.00 Y= 2.836×105 X + 3.480×1050.998 70.54
西布曲明(sibutratmine)0.18~8.82 Y= 4.390×106 X + 4.275×1050.998 90.04
N-去甲基西布曲明0.17~8.57 Y= 3.968×106 X + 5.334×1050.999 40.03
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
NN-双去甲基西布曲明0.17~8.46 Y= 2.223×106 X + 3.548×1040.999 90.03
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
酚酞(phenolphthalein)0.41~20.44 Y= 4.390×106 X + 4.275×1050.999 90.08
), ArticleFig(id=1241033140844687556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

方法的线性、相关系数和筛查检出限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
线性范围
(linear range)/(µg·mL-1
线性方程
(linear equation)
rLOD/(µg·mL-1
司美格鲁肽(sibutratmine)2.64~132.20 Y= 3.089×105 X + 4.314×1040.999 30.53
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)3.64~181.90 Y= 3.719×105 X + 1.599×1060.997 90.73
艾塞那肽(exenatide)2.52~126.10 Y= 2.708×105 X + 5.973×1050.998 70.50
Exendin-32.72~136.00 Y= 2.836×105 X + 3.480×1050.998 70.54
西布曲明(sibutratmine)0.18~8.82 Y= 4.390×106 X + 4.275×1050.998 90.04
N-去甲基西布曲明0.17~8.57 Y= 3.968×106 X + 5.334×1050.999 40.03
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
NN-双去甲基西布曲明0.17~8.46 Y= 2.223×106 X + 3.548×1040.999 90.03
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
酚酞(phenolphthalein)0.41~20.44 Y= 4.390×106 X + 4.275×1050.999 90.08
), ArticleFig(id=1241033140966322380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

The results of recovery and precision

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
胶囊(capsule)片剂(tablet)冻干粉(lyophillization)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
司美格鲁肽(sibutratmine)79.42.396.81.697.41.9
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)99.94.981.93.2101.39.7
艾塞那肽(exenatide)89.12.194.50.5488.61.5
Exendin-391.02.192.60.8893.41.4
西布曲明(sibutratmine)106.20.77114.00.8387.50.92
N-去甲基西布曲明115.80.21101.00.9199.90.44
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
NN-双去甲基西布曲明107.60.93108.80.37100.50.37
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
酚酞(phenolphthalein)103.10.7398.00.79106.81.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241033141066985680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997643841761670, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方法的准确度和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
胶囊(capsule)片剂(tablet)冻干粉(lyophillization)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
司美格鲁肽(sibutratmine)79.42.396.81.697.41.9
利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)99.94.981.93.2101.39.7
艾塞那肽(exenatide)89.12.194.50.5488.61.5
Exendin-391.02.192.60.8893.41.4
西布曲明(sibutratmine)106.20.77114.00.8387.50.92
N-去甲基西布曲明115.80.21101.00.9199.90.44
N-monodesmethylsibutratmine)
NN-双去甲基西布曲明107.60.93108.80.37100.50.37
NN-didesmethylsibutratmine)
酚酞(phenolphthalein)103.10.7398.00.79106.81.6
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HPLC-Q TOF MS法同时测定4种GLP-1类多肽及4种小分子减肥类添加物
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凌明 , 舒展 * , 金芩 , 王琤帅
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025,45(2): 280-289
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2025, 45(2): 280-289
HPLC-Q TOF MS法同时测定4种GLP-1类多肽及4种小分子减肥类添加物
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凌明 , 舒展* , 金芩, 王琤帅
作者信息
  • 金华市食品药品检验检测研究院,金华 321000
  • Tel:(0579)82301374;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*Tel:(0579)82301374;E-mail:
Simultaneous analysis of 4 GLP-1 peptide additives and 4 small molecule illegal anti-obesity drugs by HPLC-Q TOF MS
Ming LING , Zhan SHU* , Qin JIN, Cheng-Shuai WANG
Affiliations
  • Jinhua Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinhua 321000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0327
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目的:

建立高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q TOF MS)同时测定4种减肥类小分子及4种胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)多肽类非法添加物的分析方法。

方法:

样品以50%乙腈为提取溶剂进行超声提取,离心后取上清液,采用Agilent EC-C18 色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm)进行分离,以乙腈(0.1%甲酸)和水(0.1%甲酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃。采用正离子全扫描及目标离子二级碎片扫描方式,碎裂电压150 V。其中一级质谱扫描范围为m/z 100~3 200,二级质谱扫描范围为m/z 50~3 200,扫描速度均为每秒1张质谱图。根据对照品的色谱保留时间、一级质谱和二级质谱信息建立数据谱库,通过数据库比对进行结构的确认。

结果:

多肽类物质定性筛查的检测限为0.5 µg·mL-1,其他小分子物质为0.05 µg·mL-1。在全扫描模式下,8个化合物线性相关系数均>0.995,回收率范围为79.4%~115.8%,RSD范围为0.21%~9.7%。采用本方法对20批减肥类样品进行检测,其中1批样品中检出西布曲明,4批样品中检出司美格鲁肽。

结论:

本方法扩大了国家食品药品监督管理局补充检验方法和检验项目批件2012005的筛查范围,能同时兼顾小分子物质和大分子多肽类物质(相对分子质量<5 000)检测的需要,具有高效、准确的特点。

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法  /  减肥类非法添加药物  /  胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1 RA)  /  多肽类物质  /  裂解规律
Objective:

To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q TOF MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of illegal 4 anti-obesity small molecule drugs and 4 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide additives.

Methods:

The samples were extracted by ultrasound using 50% acetonitrile as the extraction solvent. After centrifugation, the supernatant was taken and separated using an Agilent EC-C18 chromatographic column (150 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7 μm). Acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and water (0.1% formic acid) were used as mobile phases, with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 40 ℃. Adopting positive ion full scanning and target ion secondary fragment scanning methods, with a fragmentation voltage of 150 V. The scanning range of the primary mass spectrometry was m/z 100-3 200, and the scanning range of the secondary mass spectrometry was m/z 50-3 200, with a scanning speed of 1 mass spectrum per second. Establish a data spectral library based on the chromatographic retention time, primary mass spectrometry, and secondary mass spectrometry information of the reference standard, and confirmed the structure through database comparison.

Results:

The screening detection limit for peptides was 0.5 µg·mL-1, while small molecular drugs was 0.05 µg·mL-1. The recoveries were in the range of 79.4% to 115.8%,with the relative standard deviations of 0.21% to 9.7%. Using this method, 20 batches of anti-obesity drugs were tested, in which semaglutide was identified in 4 samples and sibutratmine was identified in 1 batche.

Conclusion:

Compared with the complementary method No. 2012005 by the China Food and Drug Administration, the method established in this study can simultaneously analyze small and large molecules (the relative molecular mass<5 000), featuring high efficiency and accuracy.

HPLC-Q TOF MS  /  illegally added anti-obesity drugs  /  glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA)  /  peptides  /  fragmentation pattern
凌明, 舒展, 金芩, 王琤帅. HPLC-Q TOF MS法同时测定4种GLP-1类多肽及4种小分子减肥类添加物. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 280 -289 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0327
Ming LING, Zhan SHU, Qin JIN, Cheng-Shuai WANG. Simultaneous analysis of 4 GLP-1 peptide additives and 4 small molecule illegal anti-obesity drugs by HPLC-Q TOF MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (2) : 280 -289 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0327
近年来,以司美格鲁肽为代表的胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1 RA)显示出了显著的减肥疗效[1]。部分不法分子将其非法添加至冻干粉针中,以“绿色天然”为口号,声称能够实现“减肥”的效果,从而牟取暴利。GLP-1类药物在我国获批的适应症主要为2型糖尿病或者是肥胖、超重并至少伴有一种体重相关的合并症。消费者在不知情的情况下超适应症使用,可能会发生严重的肠胃道反应,甚至会有癌症的风险[2]。更为严重的是,非法添加药物的生产过程不可控,这大大增加了潜在的风险[3]
目前,对于减肥类非法添加物筛查的主要标准是《国家食品药品监督管理局补充检验方法和检验项目批件2012005》规定的酚酞、西布曲明等小分子物质的检查方法,当前的研究也主要集中在扩大小分子物质的筛查谱[4-5],缺少GLP-1 RA的检验标准。对此类物质的筛查方法研究也较少,仅在临床医学及药代动力学领域有相应的检测方法研究[6-7]
从结构上来看,GLP-1 RA主要通过改变天然氨基酸序列和引入脂肪酸侧链改造而来[8-9],二者分别以艾塞那肽和司美格鲁肽为代表。此类物质相对分子质量介于小分子化学药物和蛋白质药物之间,包含了30~40个氨基酸,相对分子质量在3 000~5 000,属于多肽类物质[10]。多肽类物质的分析方法主要包括HPLC法[11]、核磁共振法[12]、液质联用法[13-14]等。其中,液相色谱联用高分辨质谱具有高准确度和高选择性[13],故而在多肽类物质的分析中引起了越来越多的重视,其分析策略主要包括“自下而上”和“自上而下”2种。“自下而上”法利用蛋白酶将多肽水解为8~15个氨基酸的小肽,通过分析小肽进行结构的确认[15];而高分辨质谱的发展使得利用串联质谱对多肽乃至蛋白质类物质的全序列分析变得可能,因此产生了“自上而下”的分析策略,先进行完整的质量数分析,再通过碎片离子对序列结构进行确认[16],这种方法与小分子化合物的分析策略比较相似,因而可将筛查范围从小分子物质扩充到大分子多肽物质上。
本文利用“自上而下”的分析策略,利用HPLC-Q TOF MS建立了多肽及小分子减肥类非法添加物的数据库及其靶向分析方法,同时通过裂解规律的研究,提供了此类物质结构确认的解析流程及非靶向筛查的可能,扩充了减肥类非法添加物的筛查范围(相对分子质量<5 000),弥补了现有标准缺少GLP-1类物质的不足,给非法添加药物的监管提供了技术支撑。
高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱,配有Agilent 1260液相色谱系统和6530Q TOF质谱系统(Agilent公司);超声清洗器(昆山市超声仪器厂);XS105DU型十万分之一电子天平(Mettler Toledo公司)。
对照品艾塞那肽(批号17-Feb-LL11-4-01,含量99.8%)、艾塞那肽类似物(Exendin-3,批号08-May-LL11-13-02,含量98.3%)、利拉鲁肽(批号12-Apr-LL11-12-03,含量99.8%),Lovan Research Chemicals Inc.公司;司美格鲁肽(STD PHARM,批号222795S-LX-01,含量99.1%)、酚酞(批号100091-201802,含量99.8%)、西布曲明(批号100624-201802,含量99.9%)、N-去甲基西布曲明(批号520002-201902,含量97.7%)、NN-双去甲基西布曲明(批号520001-201902,含量94.4%),中国食品药品检定研究院;乙腈、甲酸为色谱纯,Merck公司;实验用水为经Milli-Q净化系统过滤的超纯水。
20批宣称具有减肥功能的样品均为市级风险监测样品。
分别精密称取对照品酚酞约20 mg,西布曲明、N-去甲西布曲明、NN-双去甲基西布曲明各约10 mg(精确到0.01 mg),置同一10 mL瓶中,用50%乙腈溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照品溶液Ⅰ。分别精密称取艾塞那肽、Exendin-3、司美格鲁肽各约10 mg,利拉鲁肽约20 mg(精确到0.01 mg),精密量取对照品溶液Ⅰ 1.0 mL,置同一10 mL量瓶中,用50%乙腈溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
若供试品为固体制剂(薄膜衣片片或糖衣片除去包衣,胶囊取内容物),研细后,精密称取一次使用量;若供试品为液体制剂,精密量取一次使用量。如前所述,取供试品一次使用量,置10 mL量瓶中,加入50%乙腈约5 mL,超声(650 W,40 kHz)提取15 min,静置至室温,用50%乙腈定容至刻度,经0.22 μm滤膜滤过,取续滤液,即得。必要时以50%乙腈稀释浓度过高的供试品溶液,使其浓度在线性范围内。
采用Agilent EC-C18(150 mm×3.1 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,10%B→25%B;10~25 min,25%B→90%B;25~30 min,90%B;30~35 min,90%B→10%B;35~40 min,10%B),流速0.3 mL·min-1,进样量1 μL,柱温40 ℃。
采用ESI(+)离子源,雾化气(N2)241 kPa,干燥气(N2)流速12 L·min-1,温度200 ℃,毛细管电压3.5 kV,碎裂电压150 V。采用全扫描模式进行筛查,阳性结果采用Target MS/MS模式获得二级质谱图进行结构的确证。其中一级质谱扫描范围为m/z 100~3 200,二级质谱扫描范围为m/z 50~3 200。一级、二级质谱扫描速度均为每秒1张质谱图。
流动相和色谱柱的选择对大分子多肽类物质的峰形和分离的影响远大于小分子物质(图1图2,由于艾塞那肽和Excendin-3为共流出峰,故未标出Excendin-3的图谱)。考察了0.1%甲酸(pH 2.6)、0.1%乙酸(pH 3.5)体系及甲醇、乙腈体系对峰形的影响(图1)。更低的pH缓冲范围有利于抑制色谱柱填料中硅醇基的离子化[17],从而减少色谱峰的拖尾;乙腈作为有机相可以改善拖尾现象。因此选择0.1%甲酸-0.1%甲酸乙腈作为流动相。大孔径的色谱柱(120 Å)有利于大分子的多肽类物质进入硅胶颗粒内部孔隙,改善峰形(图2)。采用表面多孔的色谱柱可以提高多肽类物质进出色谱柱填料孔粒的速度,提高柱效,从而获得更好的分离和峰形[17]图2)。以利拉鲁肽为例,采用表面多孔的Agilent EC-C18,较全多孔的Shim-pack C18,拖尾因子由1.6减少为1.3。
碎裂电压对不同相对分子质量物质的离子化过程影响比较大。多肽类物质相对分子质量比较大,响应随着碎裂电压的增大而增加,在200~220 V时能够得到最大的响应。但是在高碎裂电压的情况下,小分子物质容易发生源内裂解,响应减小。在非法添加物的筛查过程中,往往缺少筛查物质的结构先验信息,将碎裂电压设置为150 V,可以同时满足小分子物质和多肽类物质筛查的需求。
取混合对照品溶液,用50%乙腈稀释50倍,在“3”项试验条件下进行数据采集。利用PCDL软件记录8个减肥类物质的保留时间、分子式、一级质谱及二级碎片离子的精确质量数和离子丰度,构建定性分析数据库(表1)。
小分子物质电离后只带1个电荷,以[M+H]+为主,而4种多肽经ESI源离子化后以三电荷[M+3H]3+、四电荷[M+4H]4+离子和五电荷[M+5H]5+为主。其中,艾塞那肽和Exendin-3的五电荷[M+5H]5+离子,司美格鲁肽和利拉鲁肽的四电荷[M+4H]4+离子丰度相较其他离子要强,因此选择作为筛查的母离子,并对其进行裂解,得到二级质谱。
利用Masshunter软件的Find By Formular算法,对样品和数据库中的保留时间(<0.35 min)、母离子精确质量数(<10×10-6)进行筛查。利用二级质谱图比对,进行靶向筛查的结构确认。典型的色谱图见图3,其中艾塞那肽和Excendin-3的保留时间比较接近,但是可以通过一级、二级质谱图进行区分(表1)。
定性筛查的检测限一般被定义为能够在95%的样品中检出的最低浓度[19-20]。为了避免假阳性的产生,Celine等[21]认为多肽类的结构确认至少需要2个子离子相匹配,而小分子物质则至少需要1个子离子的匹配。但是在欧盟PA/PH/OMCL(15)04 2R [22]中指出,比较复杂的多肽需要更多的子离子进行定性。Merkley等[23]认为采用人工检查和图谱匹配度的方式更为合理。综上,本方法判断定性筛查的检测限指标:由MassHunter软件的Find By Formular算法计算供试品溶液质谱图,当保留时间、母离子在数据库筛查均满足要求后,比对二级质谱图,要求至少2个子离子的精确质量数误差小于20×10-6,在此基础上结合Masshunter软件的质谱图匹配在80分以上。
以宣称具有减肥功能的胶囊剂、片剂和冻干粉为3种典型的基质(其辅料分别为脱脂乳粉、异麦芽酮糖、甜菊糖苷、硬脂酸镁;乳糖、二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁;甘露醇),添加用50%稀释250倍的混合对照品溶液1.0 mL,按“2.2”项下方法处理后进样分析。结果4种多肽类物质质量浓度在0.5 µg·mL-1左右,其他小分子物质质量浓度在0.05 µg·mL-1左右(表3),在不同的基质中均能够满足筛查的要求。保留时间小于0.35 min,一级质谱的质量数偏差小于20×10-6,避免了假阴性的可能。在Target MS/MS模式下得到的二级碎片离子匹配度分数均在80以上,图谱的匹配度较好,避免了假阳性的可能。
相对于小分子物质,多肽类物质的筛查检测限较高。原因在于多肽类物质具有较大的分子量,在相同浓度的情况下,可供离子化的分子数量较少。同时多肽类物质容易带多电荷,只选择1种电荷离子进行检测,进一步降低了响应强度。
根据艾塞那肽、司美格鲁肽、利拉鲁肽的最小使用量(5、250、600 µg·次-1)计算,Exendin-3以艾塞那肽的最小使用量5 µg·次-1估算,0.5 µg·mL-1的筛查检测限能够进行10~1 000倍的稀释。由于非法添加物的工艺不稳定,添加的量具有随意性。因此,在实际测定的过程中,样品首先稀释10倍后进行筛查。
对多肽类大分子物质而言,在CID的条件下,裂解主要发生在酰胺键上,其碎片离子主要表现为b/y离子。当电荷保留在N-末端片段时,产生bn离子,而当电荷保留在C-末端部分时,则碎片离子为ynn代表氨基酸链中残基的位置(图4[24]。根据裂解规律,通过b/y系列离子可以对多肽的氨基酸序列进行匹配,从而确定多肽的序列。
通过Bioconfirm软件及Pfind软件[25-26]对碎片离子进行匹配。设置MS/MS质量提取窗口为20,相对离子丰度阈值为0.1%,结果见图5。艾塞那肽和Excendin-3的b/y离子数量分别为60、61个,能够覆盖80%左右的理论b/y离子,可以匹配95%以上的氨基酸序列。司美格鲁肽和利拉鲁肽中b/y离子分别为50、47个,覆盖了80%左右的理论b/y离子,可以匹配93%的氨基酸序列。通过对b/y离子的分析,还可以确定酰化试剂的结构修饰位点在20位K上。因此,与小分子物质相同,在实际样品的分析过程中,可以采用二级质谱图的比对,实现多肽类物质的靶向筛查的结构确认。
在一批名为轻盈组合的无批号冻干粉样品中,通过MassHunter软件的Find by Formular算法,在数据库中匹配到疑似司美格鲁肽成分,与谱库中的对照品比较,二者保留时间的偏差为0.03 min,母离子质量偏差为0.000 27%。随后在Target MS/MS模式下比对二者的二级质谱图,谱库匹配分数83,确定为司美格鲁肽(图6)。
取“2.3”项下胶囊剂、片剂和冻干粉3种典型的基质,考察辅料及其他成分对4种小分子物质和4种多肽类物质定性检查的干扰情况。按“2.2”项方法制备供试溶液,进样分析,结果均未检出上述8个减肥类物质。
取混合对照品溶液,用50%乙腈分别稀释10、25、50、100、500倍,作为系列混合对照品溶液。在“3”项色谱质谱条件下采用全扫描模式进行分析,以质量浓度X为横坐标,相应的母离子色谱峰面积Y为纵坐标,进行线性回归分析,结果见表2。8种减肥类物质线性关系良好。
取空白片剂、胶囊和冻干粉各1 g,分别置50 mL量瓶中,精密加入混合对照品溶液1 mL,按“2.2”项下方法处理,分别平行制备6份供试溶液,在“3”项色谱质谱条件下全扫描模式进样测定,计算回收率及重复性,结果见表3
对20批宣称具有减肥功能的样品进行筛查,其中1批片剂样品中检出西布曲明成分,4批冻干粉样品中检出司美格鲁肽成分。结果表明,减肥类产品中除了小分子非法添加物外,也存在大分子多肽类非法添加物。由于生物利用度的关系,目前这些产品以冻干粉为主。但是,随着口服类GLP-1药物剂型的上市,这类非法添加物质可能会以片剂、胶囊等剂型出现,更具有隐蔽性,应当引起足够的重视。
减肥类产品一直以来都是非法添加物的“重灾区”,目前对于这类产品的监管筛查以小分子物质为主,实验结果表明,市场上大分子类的非法添加物质也并不罕见。本研究采用了“自上而下”的分析策略,能同时兼顾小分子物质和大分子多肽类物质(相对分子质量<5 000)筛查的需要,给日常的监管提供了便利,也为多肽类非法添加物的筛查提供了解决的思路。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0327
  • 接收时间:2024-05-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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    金华市食品药品检验检测研究院,金华 321000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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