Article(id=1240997642952569176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0470, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773806494700, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773806494700, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773806494700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773806494700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240997638351409170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773806493604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773810140860, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=318, endPage=333, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240997643229393257, articleId=1240997642952569176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Studies on characters and microscopic identification of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants, columnId=1239148841803501731, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a method for the identification and characterization of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants, Nepeta bracteata and Hyssopus officinalis.

Methods:

Applying stereo microscopy, optical microscopy, and their digital image techniques, the author conducted a comparative study on Herba Hyssopi its adulterants in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the whole plant, small samples, and local features (stems, leaves, and flowers), well as the cross sections of stems and leaves and the microscopic characteristics of powders.

Results:

There were significant differences in stem, leaf, flower and odor among Hyssopus cuspidatus, Hyssopus officinalis and Nepeta bracteata. The microscopical characteristics of stem cross section were slightly different, but there were obvious differences in leaf cross section and medicinal powder of the three species.

Conclusion:

In this study, the pharmacognostic identification characteristics of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants, Nepeta bracteata and Hyssopus officinalis, were summarized, which can provide the identification basis for the supervision, standard revision and clinical use of Herba Hyssopi.

, correspAuthors=Ayifubieke AIMAITIJIANG, Jian ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong XU, Ayifubieke AIMAITIJIANG, Rong-mei ZHAO, Huangerhan BAHAERGULI, Guo-jun PU, Jian ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240997648338055781, articleId=1240997642952569176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=神香草及其混淆品的性状与显微鉴别研究*, columnId=1239148842025799861, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=质量分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立神香草及其混淆品大苞荆芥和欧神香草的性状和显微鉴别方法。

方法:

应用体式显微镜和光学显微镜及其数字化成像技术,从大样、小样、局部性状(茎、叶、花)及茎、叶横切面和粉末显微特征等方面对神香草及其混淆品进行比较研究。

结果:

硬尖神香草、欧神香草及大苞荆芥在茎、叶、花及气味等性状特征上均存在明显差异;三者的茎横切面显微特征略有差异,而三者的叶横切面及药材粉末显微鉴别均存在明显差异。

结论:

通过本研究,归纳总结神香草及其混淆品大苞荆芥和欧神香草的生药学鉴定特征,可为神香草药材的监督检验、标准修订、临床使用提供鉴定依据。

, correspAuthors=艾买提江·阿衣甫别克, 郑健, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**艾买提江·阿衣甫别克 Tel:(0991)4335078;E-mail:
郑健 Tel:(010)53852080;E-mail:
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Tel:13319812056;E-mail:

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National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241033145068351933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, companyId=1241033145059963323, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241033148289577552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption= H. cuspidatus wild ecotype original plant atlas, figureFileSmall=SJRowchdCoizt1bB6TSNfQ==, figureFileBig=XlJeJ+311ck9FsfKnFSFXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033148381852243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图1, caption=硬尖神香草野生态原植物图谱, figureFileSmall=SJRowchdCoizt1bB6TSNfQ==, figureFileBig=XlJeJ+311ck9FsfKnFSFXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033148478321238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Partial flora of H. cuspidatus wild original plant (Altay region), figureFileSmall=5Jl6Jf5uAkGUUEm484yOMA==, figureFileBig=ber9FkQQghSlBZDbRXFmuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033148553818714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图2, caption=硬尖神香草野生原植物局部图谱(阿勒泰地区), figureFileSmall=5Jl6Jf5uAkGUUEm484yOMA==, figureFileBig=ber9FkQQghSlBZDbRXFmuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033148629316189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption= H. cuspidatus large and small samples (Herba Hyssopi 4), figureFileSmall=j1oMqMOMwzRVgm3ezT49pA==, figureFileBig=0bhCSL0s55SHYAva3zDcTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033148717396576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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bracteata large and small samples (N. bracteata 2), figureFileSmall=MVV7AD/17rtV5D/bRrpVlw==, figureFileBig=FRvvC/JoVwonNnMEn5lrWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149069718125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图5, caption=大苞荆芥大样、小样图(大苞荆芥2号), figureFileSmall=MVV7AD/17rtV5D/bRrpVlw==, figureFileBig=FRvvC/JoVwonNnMEn5lrWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149136826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Trait local map of N. bracteata (N. bracteata 2) magnify by 5 times, figureFileSmall=1e+pBIGGxnFSUYNREVlS4g==, figureFileBig=LDqVX+mqa9iJ0x7VTWbRvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149220713075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图6, caption=大苞荆芥性状局部放大5倍图(大苞荆芥2号), figureFileSmall=1e+pBIGGxnFSUYNREVlS4g==, figureFileBig=LDqVX+mqa9iJ0x7VTWbRvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149308793462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption= H. officinalis large and small samples (H. officinalis 1), figureFileSmall=m7dn0s9qUKuKy/wJJGQ0pw==, figureFileBig=ZjFJe+Ia45fyqnOzWzGFHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149380096633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图7, caption=欧神香草大样、小样图(欧神香草1号), figureFileSmall=m7dn0s9qUKuKy/wJJGQ0pw==, figureFileBig=ZjFJe+Ia45fyqnOzWzGFHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033149484954234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Trait local map of H. officinalis (H. officinalis 1) magnify by 5 times, figureFileSmall=t/qJDNlM3OJ2e7W0/ue8Tw==, figureFileBig=s9Pim62fK/4WqBAtmvMzaw==, tableContent=null), 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figureFileBig=K/P9H80vYo/7ZJ7YrRr0ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150076351124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Microscopic cross-section (A-C) and local graph (D) of H. cuspidatus leaf, figureFileSmall=eqlUnm+VouKKNc+isGs38Q==, figureFileBig=rRkfaimMbsLmxv8cdUMkcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150151848599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图12, caption=硬尖神香草叶横切面显微放大图(A~C)以及局部放大图(D), figureFileSmall=eqlUnm+VouKKNc+isGs38Q==, figureFileBig=rRkfaimMbsLmxv8cdUMkcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150214763162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Microscopic cross-section (A-C) and local graph (D) of N. bracteata leaf, figureFileSmall=5JQQOThOtWRItROxyV5xjg==, figureFileBig=NO4HGKvpoHmVRQz80BeDDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150294454941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图13, caption=大苞荆芥叶横切面显微放大图(A~C)以及局部放大图(D), figureFileSmall=5JQQOThOtWRItROxyV5xjg==, figureFileBig=NO4HGKvpoHmVRQz80BeDDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150361563807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Microscopic cross-section (A-C) and local graph (D) of H. officinalis leaf, figureFileSmall=OT0A/oKGpDDd2en25k2CZw==, figureFileBig=O9B+PphWsDGoA1bIjPm/kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150437061281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图14, caption=欧神香草叶横切面显微放大图(A~C)以及局部放大图(D), figureFileSmall=OT0A/oKGpDDd2en25k2CZw==, figureFileBig=O9B+PphWsDGoA1bIjPm/kA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150533530274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Identification micrograph of H. cuspidatus powder, figureFileSmall=LQUUQrWUYuFfVAD6YwG1Bw==, figureFileBig=d9c2U4MolVKGhe4rt/OWfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033150600639139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图15, caption=硬尖神香草粉末鉴别显微图, figureFileSmall=LQUUQrWUYuFfVAD6YwG1Bw==, figureFileBig=d9c2U4MolVKGhe4rt/OWfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033152559379109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Identification micrograph of N. bracteata powder, figureFileSmall=PrskFfz6KxTzmKxqgIH6Uw==, figureFileBig=QdpxGMinP/DAlR5WEY/Wow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033152706179754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图16, caption=大苞荆芥粉末鉴别显微图, figureFileSmall=PrskFfz6KxTzmKxqgIH6Uw==, figureFileBig=QdpxGMinP/DAlR5WEY/Wow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033152790065837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=Identification micrograph of H. officinalis powder, figureFileSmall=BpoLuRnYBy1R+fPVEspP2w==, figureFileBig=WuYvlSvAGCa/Lx09EJUIOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033152878146225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=图17, caption=欧神香草粉末鉴别显微图, figureFileSmall=BpoLuRnYBy1R+fPVEspP2w==, figureFileBig=WuYvlSvAGCa/Lx09EJUIOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033152945255091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Sample collection information form

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(serial number)
基原
(original)
产地
(place of origin)
采集时间
(collection time)
SXC-1硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阜康市九运街镇(栽培)[Jiuyun Street Town, Fukang City, Xinjiang (cultivation)]2019.06
SXC-2硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆布尔津县窝依莫克镇(野生)[Wuymo Town, Burjin County, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-3硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市汗德尕特民族乡(野生)[Hendezgat Ethnic Township, Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-4硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市红墩镇(野生)[Hongdun Town, Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-5硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆哈巴河县哈龙沟风景区(野生)[Halonggou Scenic Area in Habahe County, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-6硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆巩留县(栽培)[Gongliu County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.06
SXC-7硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2020.06
SXC-8硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.06
SXC-9硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-10硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-11硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-12硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市(野生)[Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2017.07
SXC-13硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市(野生)[Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2018.06
SXC-14硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆额敏县(野生)[Emin County, Xinjiang (wild)]2018.07
DBJJ-1大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2017.06
DBJJ-2大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2020.07
DBJJ-3大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2021.07
DBJJ-4大苞荆芥(N. bracteata青海(巴基斯坦野生)[Qinghai (wild in Pakistan)]2023.11
DBJJ-5大苞荆芥(N. bracteata青海(巴基斯坦野生)[Qinghai (wild in Pakistan)]2023.11
DBJJ-6大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
DBJJ-7大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
DBJJ-8大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
OSXC-1欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.07
OSXC-2欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.07
OSXC-3欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆乌鲁木齐县板房沟镇(栽培)[Banfanggou Town, Urumqi County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.08
OSXC-4欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-5欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-6欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.12
OSXC-7欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-8欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153041724084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品采集信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(serial number)
基原
(original)
产地
(place of origin)
采集时间
(collection time)
SXC-1硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阜康市九运街镇(栽培)[Jiuyun Street Town, Fukang City, Xinjiang (cultivation)]2019.06
SXC-2硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆布尔津县窝依莫克镇(野生)[Wuymo Town, Burjin County, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-3硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市汗德尕特民族乡(野生)[Hendezgat Ethnic Township, Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-4硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市红墩镇(野生)[Hongdun Town, Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-5硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆哈巴河县哈龙沟风景区(野生)[Halonggou Scenic Area in Habahe County, Xinjiang (wild)]2021.07
SXC-6硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆巩留县(栽培)[Gongliu County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.06
SXC-7硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2020.06
SXC-8硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.06
SXC-9硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-10硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-11硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆察布查尔锡伯自治县海努克镇(栽培)[Hainuk Town, Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.06
SXC-12硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市(野生)[Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2017.07
SXC-13硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆阿勒泰市(野生)[Altay City, Xinjiang (wild)]2018.06
SXC-14硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus新疆额敏县(野生)[Emin County, Xinjiang (wild)]2018.07
DBJJ-1大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2017.06
DBJJ-2大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2020.07
DBJJ-3大苞荆芥(N. bracteata巴基斯坦(野生)[Pakistan (wild)]2021.07
DBJJ-4大苞荆芥(N. bracteata青海(巴基斯坦野生)[Qinghai (wild in Pakistan)]2023.11
DBJJ-5大苞荆芥(N. bracteata青海(巴基斯坦野生)[Qinghai (wild in Pakistan)]2023.11
DBJJ-6大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
DBJJ-7大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
DBJJ-8大苞荆芥(N. bracteata宁夏(巴基斯坦野生)[Ningxia (wild in Pakistan)]2024.09
OSXC-1欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.07
OSXC-2欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.07
OSXC-3欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆乌鲁木齐县板房沟镇(栽培)[Banfanggou Town, Urumqi County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2018.08
OSXC-4欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-5欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-6欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2021.12
OSXC-7欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
OSXC-8欧神香草(H. officinalis新疆和田县(栽培)[Hotan County, Xinjiang (cultivated)]2022.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153129804473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of the characteristics of H. cuspidatus, N. bracteata, and H. officinalis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位
(part)
鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis

(stem)
茎木质,从基部多分枝,当年枝黄绿色,下部老枝棕色;茎具不明显四棱,茎折断后不中空(the stem is woody, branching profusely from the base, with yellowish-green branches in the current year and brownish branches at the; the stem has indistinct four ridges and is not hollow when broken)茎直立,细弱,大多呈四棱形,表面为黄绿色至紫褐色,被白色毛茸,断面中空(the stem is erect, slender, and mostly quadrangular, with a surface ranging from yellowish-green to purple-brown, covered with white pubence, and hollow when cut)茎多分枝,具较明显的条纹,黄棕色,呈不明显的四棱形;茎折断后,断面中央有中空(the stem is much branched, with distinct striations, yellow-brown in color, and has an indistinctly quadrangular shape. the stem is broken, the cross-section has a hollow center)
叶与苞片
(leaf and bract)
叶对生,条形,大多长于节间,先端锥尖边缘内卷,密被腺点;叶质地在3种中最硬.苞片及小苞片线形,长超过花梗,先端具锥状尖头(the leaves are opposite, linear, mostly longer than the internodes, with a conical apex and inrolled margins, densely glandular. The texture is the hardest among the three species. The bracts and bracteoles are linear, longer than the pedicels, with a conical tip)叶薄革质,极易碎;叶对生,总苞片广卵形,小苞片披针形,全缘,边缘有疏糙毛;叶质地在3 种中最软(the leaves are thin and papery, and break very easily. The leaves are opposite, with broad-ovate bracts and linear-lance bracteoles, both entire and with sparse rough hairs on the margins. The leaf texture is the softest among the three species)叶线形,披针形,先端钝,基部楔形,无柄,两面无毛,稍内卷;叶质地处于硬尖神香草和大苞荆芥之间;苞片及小苞片线状钻形,比花梗长,被微柔毛(the leaves are linear, lanceolate, with a blunt apex, cuneate base, sessile, glabrous on both sides, and involute. The leaf texture is intermediate between that of hard sharp-scented mint and large-sheathed thyme. The bracts and bracte are linear-awl-shaped, longer than the pedicels, and covered with fine hairs)

(flower)
轮伞花序,偏于一侧;花冠2唇形,花蓝紫色或粉红色,长约10 mm(the inflorescence is a scorpioid cyme, biased to one side. The corolla is bilabiate, with flowers in dark or pink, about 10 mm long)花萼呈瓶状,先端5裂,尖锐,花冠2唇形,花淡蓝色或紫红色(the calyx is bell-shaped, with 5 sharp lobes at the apex, and the corolla is bilabiate, with pale blue or red flowers)轮伞花序具3~7花,腋生,常偏向于一侧;花浅蓝色至紫色,长约1 cm(the cymose inflorescence has 3-7 flowers, axillary, often biased to one side. The flowers are pale blue to, about 1 cm long)
气味
(smell)
气芳香,味辛苦;与欧神香草比较,气味更为清凉(it has an aromatic smell and a bitter and pungent taste. Compared to European sage, it has a cooler scent)气微清香,味淡;气味在3种中气味最淡(slightly fragrant, bland taste. The scent is the faintest among the three)气芳香,味辛苦;与硬尖神香草比较,气味并不完全相同(it has an aromatic smell and a bitter and pungent taste. The scent is not exactly the same as that of H. cuspidatus
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153205301945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草性状鉴别比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位
(part)
鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis

(stem)
茎木质,从基部多分枝,当年枝黄绿色,下部老枝棕色;茎具不明显四棱,茎折断后不中空(the stem is woody, branching profusely from the base, with yellowish-green branches in the current year and brownish branches at the; the stem has indistinct four ridges and is not hollow when broken)茎直立,细弱,大多呈四棱形,表面为黄绿色至紫褐色,被白色毛茸,断面中空(the stem is erect, slender, and mostly quadrangular, with a surface ranging from yellowish-green to purple-brown, covered with white pubence, and hollow when cut)茎多分枝,具较明显的条纹,黄棕色,呈不明显的四棱形;茎折断后,断面中央有中空(the stem is much branched, with distinct striations, yellow-brown in color, and has an indistinctly quadrangular shape. the stem is broken, the cross-section has a hollow center)
叶与苞片
(leaf and bract)
叶对生,条形,大多长于节间,先端锥尖边缘内卷,密被腺点;叶质地在3种中最硬.苞片及小苞片线形,长超过花梗,先端具锥状尖头(the leaves are opposite, linear, mostly longer than the internodes, with a conical apex and inrolled margins, densely glandular. The texture is the hardest among the three species. The bracts and bracteoles are linear, longer than the pedicels, with a conical tip)叶薄革质,极易碎;叶对生,总苞片广卵形,小苞片披针形,全缘,边缘有疏糙毛;叶质地在3 种中最软(the leaves are thin and papery, and break very easily. The leaves are opposite, with broad-ovate bracts and linear-lance bracteoles, both entire and with sparse rough hairs on the margins. The leaf texture is the softest among the three species)叶线形,披针形,先端钝,基部楔形,无柄,两面无毛,稍内卷;叶质地处于硬尖神香草和大苞荆芥之间;苞片及小苞片线状钻形,比花梗长,被微柔毛(the leaves are linear, lanceolate, with a blunt apex, cuneate base, sessile, glabrous on both sides, and involute. The leaf texture is intermediate between that of hard sharp-scented mint and large-sheathed thyme. The bracts and bracte are linear-awl-shaped, longer than the pedicels, and covered with fine hairs)

(flower)
轮伞花序,偏于一侧;花冠2唇形,花蓝紫色或粉红色,长约10 mm(the inflorescence is a scorpioid cyme, biased to one side. The corolla is bilabiate, with flowers in dark or pink, about 10 mm long)花萼呈瓶状,先端5裂,尖锐,花冠2唇形,花淡蓝色或紫红色(the calyx is bell-shaped, with 5 sharp lobes at the apex, and the corolla is bilabiate, with pale blue or red flowers)轮伞花序具3~7花,腋生,常偏向于一侧;花浅蓝色至紫色,长约1 cm(the cymose inflorescence has 3-7 flowers, axillary, often biased to one side. The flowers are pale blue to, about 1 cm long)
气味
(smell)
气芳香,味辛苦;与欧神香草比较,气味更为清凉(it has an aromatic smell and a bitter and pungent taste. Compared to European sage, it has a cooler scent)气微清香,味淡;气味在3种中气味最淡(slightly fragrant, bland taste. The scent is the faintest among the three)气芳香,味辛苦;与硬尖神香草比较,气味并不完全相同(it has an aromatic smell and a bitter and pungent taste. The scent is not exactly the same as that of H. cuspidatus
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153297576636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Stem cross-section identification comparison of H. cuspidatus, N. bracteata, and H. officinalis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
表皮细胞
(epidermal cells)
内侧具有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side has several round-like thick-angled tissue cells in a row)内侧无类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side lacks cells of the thick corner tissue that are nearly round)内侧具有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side has several round-like thick-angled tissue cells in a row)
木质部导管
(xylem vessel)
多呈单列扇形排列,排列疏松(mostly arranged in a single fan-shaped row, loosely packed)宽广,细胞壁厚,均木化(broad, thick cell walls, all lignified)多呈单列扇形排列,排列紧密(mostly arranged in a single fan-shaped row, closely packed)
髓部
(medulla)
由薄壁细胞组成(composed of thin-walled cells)细胞少量,中央为空腔(the cells are few in number, with an empty cavity in the center)细胞少量,中央为空腔(the cells are few in number, with an empty cavity in the center)
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153381462720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

硬尖神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草茎横切面鉴别比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
表皮细胞
(epidermal cells)
内侧具有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side has several round-like thick-angled tissue cells in a row)内侧无类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side lacks cells of the thick corner tissue that are nearly round)内侧具有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞(the inner side has several round-like thick-angled tissue cells in a row)
木质部导管
(xylem vessel)
多呈单列扇形排列,排列疏松(mostly arranged in a single fan-shaped row, loosely packed)宽广,细胞壁厚,均木化(broad, thick cell walls, all lignified)多呈单列扇形排列,排列紧密(mostly arranged in a single fan-shaped row, closely packed)
髓部
(medulla)
由薄壁细胞组成(composed of thin-walled cells)细胞少量,中央为空腔(the cells are few in number, with an empty cavity in the center)细胞少量,中央为空腔(the cells are few in number, with an empty cavity in the center)
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153507291842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Leaf cross-section identification comparison of H. cuspidatus, N. bracteata, and H. officinalis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
栅栏细胞
(fence cell)
较明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(more obvious, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)不明显,在栅栏细胞中的淀粉粒很少(not obvious, the starch grains in the fence cells are few)较明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(more obvious, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)
海绵组织
(sponge tissue)
无海绵细胞(no sponge cell)含有海绵细胞数列(contains a sequence of sponge cells)无海绵细胞(no sponge cell)
质地
(texture)
叶质地较硬(leaves are hard in texture)叶质地极薄,易碎(the leaves are extremely thin and fragile)叶质地介于硬尖神香草和大苞荆芥之间(the leaf texture is intermediate between that of the H. cuspidatus and the N. bracteata
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153595372229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

硬尖神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草叶横切面鉴别比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
栅栏细胞
(fence cell)
较明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(more obvious, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)不明显,在栅栏细胞中的淀粉粒很少(not obvious, the starch grains in the fence cells are few)较明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(more obvious, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)
海绵组织
(sponge tissue)
无海绵细胞(no sponge cell)含有海绵细胞数列(contains a sequence of sponge cells)无海绵细胞(no sponge cell)
质地
(texture)
叶质地较硬(leaves are hard in texture)叶质地极薄,易碎(the leaves are extremely thin and fragile)叶质地介于硬尖神香草和大苞荆芥之间(the leaf texture is intermediate between that of the H. cuspidatus and the N. bracteata
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153691841224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Powder identification comparison of H. cuspidatus, N. bracteata, and H. officinalis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
颜色(color)黄绿色(greenish yellow)灰褐色(grayish brown)黄绿色(greenish yellow)
气孔、腺鳞、非腺毛、螺纹导管、纤维、花粉粒(stomata, glandular scales, non-glandular trichomes, spiral vessels, fibers, pollen grains)特征相同(same features)
海绵组织(sponge cel)无(no)有(have)无(no)
厚壁细胞(thick-walled cells)无(no)无(no)有(have)
栅栏细胞(fence cell)明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(obviously, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)不明显,且具有光辉带(not obvious, and with a zone of splendor)明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(obviously, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)
), ArticleFig(id=1241033153763144393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997642952569176, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

硬尖神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草粉末鉴别比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位(part)鉴别要点(key points of identification)
硬尖神香草(H. cuspidatus大苞荆芥(N. bracteata欧神香草(H. officinalis
颜色(color)黄绿色(greenish yellow)灰褐色(grayish brown)黄绿色(greenish yellow)
气孔、腺鳞、非腺毛、螺纹导管、纤维、花粉粒(stomata, glandular scales, non-glandular trichomes, spiral vessels, fibers, pollen grains)特征相同(same features)
海绵组织(sponge cel)无(no)有(have)无(no)
厚壁细胞(thick-walled cells)无(no)无(no)有(have)
栅栏细胞(fence cell)明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(obviously, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)不明显,且具有光辉带(not obvious, and with a zone of splendor)明显,含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒(obviously, containing numerous colorless round or oval starch grains)
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神香草及其混淆品的性状与显微鉴别研究*
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徐鸿 1 , 艾买提江·阿衣甫别克 1, ** , 赵荣梅 1 , 巴哈尔古丽·黄尔汗 2 , 蒲国军 2 , 郑健 3, **
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2025,45(2): 318-333
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2025, 45(2): 318-333
神香草及其混淆品的性状与显微鉴别研究*
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徐鸿1 , 艾买提江·阿衣甫别克1, ** , 赵荣梅1, 巴哈尔古丽·黄尔汗2, 蒲国军2, 郑健3, **
作者信息
  • 1.新疆维吾尔自治区药品检验研究院 中药(维药)质量控制重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 2.新疆阿勒泰地区食品药品检验所,阿勒泰 836500
  • 3.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050
  • Tel:13319812056;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**艾买提江·阿衣甫别克 Tel:(0991)4335078;E-mail:
郑健 Tel:(010)53852080;E-mail:
Studies on characters and microscopic identification of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants
Hong XU1 , Ayifubieke AIMAITIJIANG1, ** , Rong-mei ZHAO1, Huangerhan BAHAERGULI2, Guo-jun PU2, Jian ZHENG3, **
Affiliations
  • 1. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Uyghur Medicine), Urumqi 830054, China
  • 2. Xinjiang Altay Region Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Altay 836500, China
  • 3. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0470
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目的:

建立神香草及其混淆品大苞荆芥和欧神香草的性状和显微鉴别方法。

方法:

应用体式显微镜和光学显微镜及其数字化成像技术,从大样、小样、局部性状(茎、叶、花)及茎、叶横切面和粉末显微特征等方面对神香草及其混淆品进行比较研究。

结果:

硬尖神香草、欧神香草及大苞荆芥在茎、叶、花及气味等性状特征上均存在明显差异;三者的茎横切面显微特征略有差异,而三者的叶横切面及药材粉末显微鉴别均存在明显差异。

结论:

通过本研究,归纳总结神香草及其混淆品大苞荆芥和欧神香草的生药学鉴定特征,可为神香草药材的监督检验、标准修订、临床使用提供鉴定依据。

神香草  /  混淆品  /  大苞荆芥  /  欧神香草  /  性状鉴别  /  显微鉴别  /  比较研究
Objective:

To establish a method for the identification and characterization of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants, Nepeta bracteata and Hyssopus officinalis.

Methods:

Applying stereo microscopy, optical microscopy, and their digital image techniques, the author conducted a comparative study on Herba Hyssopi its adulterants in terms of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the whole plant, small samples, and local features (stems, leaves, and flowers), well as the cross sections of stems and leaves and the microscopic characteristics of powders.

Results:

There were significant differences in stem, leaf, flower and odor among Hyssopus cuspidatus, Hyssopus officinalis and Nepeta bracteata. The microscopical characteristics of stem cross section were slightly different, but there were obvious differences in leaf cross section and medicinal powder of the three species.

Conclusion:

In this study, the pharmacognostic identification characteristics of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants, Nepeta bracteata and Hyssopus officinalis, were summarized, which can provide the identification basis for the supervision, standard revision and clinical use of Herba Hyssopi.

Herba Hyssopi  /  adulterants  /  Nepeta bracteata  /  Hyssopus officinalis  /  character identification  /  microscopic identification  /  comparative studies
徐鸿, 艾买提江·阿衣甫别克, 赵荣梅, 巴哈尔古丽·黄尔汗, 蒲国军, 郑健. 神香草及其混淆品的性状与显微鉴别研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 318 -333 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0470
Hong XU, Ayifubieke AIMAITIJIANG, Rong-mei ZHAO, Huangerhan BAHAERGULI, Guo-jun PU, Jian ZHENG. Studies on characters and microscopic identification of Herba Hyssopi and its adulterants[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (2) : 318 -333 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0470
神香草为维吾尔民族习用药材,维吾尔语名为Zoufa(祖发),始载于11世纪阿维森纳著《医典》(阿拉伯文),主要用于治疗湿寒性和黏液性呼吸系统疾病,如寒性哮喘、气管炎、肺炎、胸膜炎等[1-2]。神香草收录于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准》维吾尔分册(WS3-BW-0078-98),来源于唇形科植物硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss.的干燥地上部分[3-4],已列入“疆五十味”道地药材目录,是寒喘祖帕颗粒、行气那尼花颗粒、复方安斯力合剂、复方咳坦蜜膏、复方祖帕糖浆、咳息合剂、纳气祖帕蜜膏、乃孜来颗粒等24个维吾尔医常用成方制剂的处方药材。神香草主要分布于我国新疆北部的塔城和阿勒泰等地,国外蒙古国等地亦有分布。近年来,神香草在新疆伊犁、昌吉和阿勒泰等区域引种栽培,初步形成中药材规范化种植基地[5-6]
神香草在《新疆中药材》 《维吾尔药志》上册、《中国民族药志》第三卷、《新疆植物志》第四卷[7]、《中华本草》维吾尔药卷、《中华医学百科全书》维吾尔医学和《新疆维吾尔自治区中药维吾尔药饮片炮制规范》等文献中均有记载,其基原均为硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus。本文以神香草为研究对象,收集不同产地的硬尖神香草及其混淆品大苞荆芥和欧神香草,依照文献记载开展品种考证、药材基原鉴定,采用性状与显微鉴定进行比较研究,旨在建立该药材的专属性检验方法,对质量标准和检验方法进行提高和完善,为以神香草主要组分的制剂质量标准研究提供科学依据。
Canon EOS 70D(佳能公司);Nikon AZ 100多功能变焦显微镜(尼康仪器有限公司);OLYMPUS BX51 TF成像显微镜(OLYMPUS公司);WinCATS型照相系统(CAMAG公司);THERMO HM525 NX冷冻切片机(赛默飞世尔仪器有限公司)。
水合氯醛(分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司)。
收集到神香草样品30批次,采集信息见表1,前14批为唇形科植物硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss.的干燥地上部分,中间8批为大苞荆芥Nepeta bracteata Benth,最后8批为欧神香草Hyssopus officinalis L。所有样品均经新疆维吾尔自治区药品检验研究院艾买提江·阿衣甫别克副主任药师鉴定。
14世纪再努勒·艾塔尔著《拜地依药书》中,神香草名为Zoofa-e-yabis,波斯语名为Zoofa,附加名Khashak(或Yabis),指药材的地上(或干燥)部分;《中国医学百科全书》维吾尔医学中,神香草维吾尔药物名祖法、祖法阿勒泰依(是指我国阿勒泰产的神香草),别名祖法依·亚比斯、祖法依·胡西克。综上所述,在维吾尔医古籍文献中,神香草有Zoofa或Zoufa的名称记载,与国内外传统医药沿用的药材品名均一致。
国外学者对神香草的基原的研究较早,1941年,伊朗斯迪克·苏菲·扎坦著《传统医学》(波斯文)中称之为Zoofa-e-khashak,其拉丁学名记载为Hysspous officinais L.。之后作为祖法药材的来源参考,国外各民族传统医药一直沿用;1982年,依柯洛莫夫等译著《医典》(乌兹别克文)中称之为Zoufa-e-yabis,其拉丁学名记载与前述一致;1984年,巴基斯坦玉苏因·艾斯瓦尼著《药物志》(乌尔都文)中名为Zufai,植物拉丁学名未变。此外,在波斯传统医学中,有一种命名为Gvl-e-zufa的常用药材,其来源为唇形科植物大苞荆芥Nepeta bracteata Benth的干燥地上部分,原产于吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、巴基斯坦、印度和伊朗等地,亦在巴基斯坦、印度和伊朗等国家当地药材市场中广泛流通[8]。至今,我国药材市场上仍存在使用大苞荆芥替代神香草的情况。
国内学者针对神香草药材的古籍及近代文献中记载的品名、植物形态、基原进行分析,将拉丁学名确认为Hyssopus officinalis L.,将大苞荆芥Nepeta bracteata Benth、全叶青兰Dracocephalum integrifolium Bge列为国内药材流通环节的神香草混淆品。1970年起,国内学者为了解决中药外来资源短缺的难题,开始使用我国地产神香草属植物硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus作为替代品种,同时从国外引进欧神香草Hyssopus officinalis开展本土化种植。
据《中国植物志》和《新疆植物志》记载,我国神香草属植物主要有3种和1变种,均分布于新疆。其中,硬尖神香草H. cuspidatus和欧神香草H. officinalis等2种均入药,后者为国外引种栽培品种。目前,欧神香草H. officinalis在我国资源稀缺,未能形成规模化栽培,处于零散性试种栽培状态。此外,大花神香草H. macranthus和宽唇神香草H. latilabiatus等2种未有民族间药用记载,也未发现在新疆中药材市场中流通和使用的实例。目前法定标准规定的神香草基原为硬尖神香草Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss。
11世纪,伊马都丁·喀什噶日著《注医典》(译本)中记载神香草的形态“为一种植物全草,绿色,叶与散沫花叶相似”。14世纪,再努勒·艾塔尔著《拜地依药书》(译本)记载“其叶形类似于野生散沫花,分山区生和戈壁生2种……”。阿富汗穆罕穆德·玉赛因著《药物大全》记载“为一种野生植物,叶与裂叶荆芥叶近似,气香,茎枝有节,黄色花,味辛苦”。据上述古籍及近代文献记载,神香草早期为一种野生草本植物,茎直立或倾斜,绿色;叶对生,叶片呈线形或披针形;花冠黄色,气香,味苦[9]
硬尖神香草野生和栽培资源分布跨越天山山脉、塔尔巴哈台山脉和阿尔泰山脉,跨越近800公里。生长于海拔1.1 km~1.8 km的砾石及石质山坡干旱草地,分布于新疆北部,如新疆伊犁(察布查尔县引种栽培)、塔城(额敏县野生资源)和阿勒泰山脉(以野生资源为主,零星引种试种)等,伊犁河谷和乌鲁木齐周边栽培资源的采收时间较早,一般在6月中旬至下旬,阿勒泰和塔城地区的采收时间较晚,最晚在7月中旬。原植物图见图1图2
本品长15~50 cm;基部多分枝,下部老枝棕色,当年枝黄绿色;茎具不明显四棱,光滑;叶对生,条形,长1.3~4 cm,宽2~3 mm,边缘内卷,密被腺点;轮伞花序,偏于一侧;花蓝紫色或粉红色,花冠2唇形,长约10 mm;气芳香,味辛苦。性状见图3图4
本次收集的8批大苞荆芥均为饮片。本品为干燥全草,被切为1.5~18 cm的段,茎直立,细弱,大多呈四棱形,表面为黄绿色至紫褐色,被白色毛茸,易折断,断面白色,中空;叶多脱落,薄革质,极易碎;总苞片广卵形,小苞片披针形,全缘,边缘有疏糙毛;花萼呈瓶状,先端5裂,尖锐,花冠2唇形,淡蓝色或紫红色;气微清香,味淡。性状见图5图6
本次收集到的8批欧神香草,7批为饮片,1批为原植物。长15~50 cm,饮片被切为2.5~5.0 cm的段,茎多分枝,具较明显的条纹,黄棕色,呈不明显的四棱形;叶线形,披针形或线状披针形,长1~4 cm,宽2~7 mm,叶深绿色,簇生,先端钝,基部渐狭至楔形,无柄,两面无毛,具腺点,中脉在叶上面不明显,叶下面中脉明显隆起,稍内卷;花浅蓝色至紫色,长约1 cm,轮伞花序具3~7花,腋生,常偏向于一侧;气芳香,味辛苦。性状见图7图8。神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草性状鉴别比较结果见表2
表皮为1列类圆形细胞,表皮细胞内侧有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞;皮层较窄;木质部导管多呈单列扇形排列,排列疏松;韧皮部细胞碎小,排列紧密;髓部较大,由薄壁细胞组成。见图9
表皮细胞1~2列,大部分已脱落;皮层较窄,多有裂隙;木质部宽广,细胞壁厚,均木化;髓部细胞依稀可见,中央为空腔。见图10
表皮为1列类圆形细胞,表皮细胞内侧有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞;皮层较窄;木质部导管多呈单列扇形排列,排列紧密;韧皮部细胞较小;髓部细胞依稀可见,中央为空腔。见图11。神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草横切面鉴别比较结果见表3
表皮细胞1列,长方形或多角形,切线延长,外被角质层和角质状条形毛状物,有腺鳞,多凹陷于角质层内,并有短圆锥状突起,栅状细胞每侧2~3层;叶中央有一大的维管束,两侧各有6~10个小的维管束。在栅栏细胞中含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒。叶横切面见图12
表皮细胞1列,切线延长,外有短糙毛,下表皮除短糙毛外,还有众多长柔毛;栅栏细胞1列,海绵细胞数列,维管束中央较大,两侧各有6~10个小的维管束。叶横切面见图13
表皮细胞1列,长方形或多角形,切线延长,外有短糙毛,栅状细胞每侧2~3层;叶中央有一大的维管束,两侧各有6~10个小的维管束。在栅栏细胞中含有无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒。叶横切面见图14。神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草叶横切面鉴别比较结果见表4
粉末黄绿色。气孔为直轴式,长轴约30 μm,短轴约20 μm。腺鳞20~100 μm。非腺毛,多为1~2个细胞。花粉粒六角形,圆形或椭圆形,直径20~40 μm。导管螺纹,直径8~40 μm。纤维条形,具孔,较多,直径约10 μm;栅栏细胞具众多圆形或椭圆形颗粒。粉末显微见图15
粉末灰褐色。气孔为直轴式,长轴约30 μm,短轴约20 μm,腺鳞20~100 μm。非腺毛,多为1~2个细胞。花粉粒六角形,圆形或椭圆形,直径20~40 μm。导管螺纹,直径13~40 μm,纤维条形,具孔,较多,直径约10 μm;栅栏细胞和海绵细胞中有众多圆形或椭圆形颗粒。粉末显微见图16
粉末黄绿色。气孔为直轴式,长轴约20 μm,短轴约20 μm,腺鳞20~100 μm。非腺毛,多为1~2个细胞。腺毛长约50 μm。花粉粒六角形,圆形或椭圆形,直径20~40 μm。导管螺纹,直径7~30 μm,纤维条形,具孔,较多,直径约10 μm;栅栏细胞具众多圆形或椭圆形颗粒。含有较多的厚壁细胞。粉末显微见图17。神香草、大苞荆芥和欧神香草粉末鉴别比较结果见表5
硬尖神香草、大苞荆芥和(欧)神香草等3种药材在性状上有着明显的区别:硬尖神香草茎从基部多分枝,下部老枝棕色,当年枝黄绿色,茎具不明显四棱,茎折断后不中空;大苞荆芥茎直立,细弱,大多呈四棱形,表面为黄绿色至紫褐色,被白色毛茸,断面中空;欧神香草茎多分枝,具较明显的条纹,黄棕色,呈不明显的四棱形。
硬尖神香草和欧神香草叶质地比大苞荆芥的叶硬,按照叶的软硬程度排序为硬尖神香草、欧神香草、大苞荆芥;硬尖神香草、欧神香草的叶边缘均内卷,硬尖神香草叶的形状为披针形,而欧神香草叶为线形或线状披针形;叶的颜色比神香草更深绿色,硬尖神香草叶对生,而欧神香草叶在茎上簇生,先端钝,基部渐狭至楔形,中脉在叶上面不明显,叶下面中脉明显隆起。大苞荆芥的叶广卵形,质地较薄,极易碎。
硬尖神香草和欧神香草的气味均芳香,味辛苦。但二者的气味并不完全相同,硬尖神香草的气味更加清凉,大苞荆芥气味不如神香草和欧神香草浓烈。
硬尖神香草和欧神香草的茎横切面表皮细胞内侧均具有数列类圆形厚角组织细胞,木质部导管多呈单列扇形排列,只是硬尖神香草的木质部导管排列疏松,而欧神香草的木质部导管排列紧密。硬尖神香草的茎横切髓部由薄壁细胞组成,而大苞荆芥、欧神香草的茎横切的髓部细胞少量,中央为空腔。
硬尖神香草、欧神香草在叶横切上较相像,栅栏细胞较明显,均含众多无色圆形或卵圆形淀粉粒,无海绵细胞。大苞荆芥的栅栏细胞不明显,含有海绵细胞数列,叶质地极薄,易碎,在栅栏细胞中的淀粉粒很少。
硬尖神香草、欧神香草的粉末颜色均为黄绿色,大苞荆芥的粉末颜色为灰褐色。三者在气孔、腺鳞、非腺毛、螺纹导管、纤维、花粉粒的显微特征上均相同,不同的是大苞荆芥中有海绵组织,还发现一种类似栅栏细胞的显微特征,均有光辉带,这两种显微特征在神香草和欧神香草均无,且在欧神香草粉末显微特征中发现有厚壁细胞,此显微特征在硬尖神香草和大苞荆芥中也未发现。
根据文献记载,本文对神香草进行本草考证、资源考察[10-27]。同时收集硬尖神香草14批、欧神香草8批和大苞荆芥8批,观察、测定和分析性状特征、叶和茎横切特征、粉末特征等,分别建立硬尖神香草、欧神香草和大苞荆芥等药材的性状鉴别、显微鉴别方法,明确了神香草药材的真伪鉴别基础。通过药材性状鉴别、显微鉴别对2种基原神香草和大苞荆芥进行区分。结果显示,神香草及其混淆品在茎和叶的性状、横切面和粉末显微特征上具有显著差异。由此看出,神香草药材及其混淆品的性状、显微特征与基原品种密切相关,不同基原的“祖发”药材混淆品性状和显微具有明显差异。本实验建立的神香草及其混淆品真伪鉴别简单可靠,可为神香草药材来源鉴定提供一定的参考依据。
  • *特色民族药材卡西卡甫枣和神香草检验方法的示范性研究项目(NIFDC-TCM2021-035-M2Y007)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0470
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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*特色民族药材卡西卡甫枣和神香草检验方法的示范性研究项目(NIFDC-TCM2021-035-M2Y007)
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    1.新疆维吾尔自治区药品检验研究院 中药(维药)质量控制重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830054
    2.新疆阿勒泰地区食品药品检验所,阿勒泰 836500
    3.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050

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**艾买提江·阿衣甫别克 Tel:(0991)4335078;E-mail:
郑健 Tel:(010)53852080;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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