Article(id=1240997640041713698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0307, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715184000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773806494007, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773806494007, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773806494007, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773806494007, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240997638351409170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773806493604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773810140860, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=228, endPage=236, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240997642143060022, articleId=1240997640041713698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of imipenem and cilastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS, columnId=1239184757519602223, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentrations of imipenem and cilastatin in human plasma, for monitoring clinical therapeutic drug concentrations, and to investigate the effects of adding stabilizers during the sample pretreatment on mass spectrometry signal intensity.

Methods:

After protein precipitation, the sample was subjected to gradient elution using an Agilent TC-C18 (2) (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with a mobile phase system of 0.15% formic acid in water and methanol. The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM): m/z 300.1 → 141.9 (imipenem),m/z 359.7 → 97.0 (cilastatin) and m/z 384.1 → 141.1 (meropenem, internal standard). The samples containing and without 3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic acid (MOPS) as stabilizers were pretreated and continuously analyzed to compare the changes in mass spectrometry signal intensity.

Results:

Both imipenem and cilastatin showed good linearities in the concentration ranges of 0.1-100.0 μg·mL-1 (r>0.99). The intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranges from 95.3% to 108.5%, the precision (RSDs) were less than 9.3%, the extraction recovery rate ranges from 77.4% to 84.3%, and the matrix effect ranges from 97.1% to 111.2%. Imipenem in plasma samples was stable at room temperature for 3 h, at 4 ℃ for 6 h, and at -80 ℃ for 12 d, while it was significantly degraded at -20 ℃ for 12 d. Cilastatin was stable under a variety of conditions. The method was robust to changing conditions of column temperature ±5 ℃, flow rate ±0.1 mL·min-1, formic acid concentration in the aqueous phase ±0.025%, and ion source temperature ±50 ℃. The samples containing stabilizers exhibited significant ion inhibition on mass spectrometry after continuous injection, while samples without stabilizers had no significant effect on the signal intensity of mass spectrometry.

Conclusion:

The method is simple and accurate and can be used for clinical drug monitoring of imipenem and cilastatin. Nonvolatile salt stabilizers such as MOPS can reduce mass spectrometry sensitivity, and the absence of such stabilizers is more suitable for long-term analysis by LC-MS/MS.

, correspAuthors=Zhuo WANG, Tao MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-long YUAN, Wen-jing ZHANG, Meng-dan LIU, Zhuo WANG, Tao MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240997642939977821, articleId=1240997640041713698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度*, columnId=1239184757708345914, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁的浓度,用于临床治疗药物浓度监测,并考察样品预处理时添加稳定剂对质谱信号强度的影响。

方法:

样品经蛋白沉淀后,采用Agilent TC-C18(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm)色谱柱,以0.15%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式下多反应监测(MRM)扫描,亚胺培南、西司他丁和内标(美罗培南)的定量离子对分别为m/z 300.1→141.9、m/z 359.7→97.0和m/z 384.1→141.1。将含有和不含稳定剂3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸(MOPS)的样品分别进行预处理后,连续进样分析,比较质谱信号强度的变化。

结果:

亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均在0.1~100.0 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系较好(r>0.99),其日内和日间准确度均在95.3%~108.5%,精密度(RSD)均<9.3%,提取回收率在77.4%~84.3%,基质效应在97.1%~111.2%。血浆样品中亚胺培南在室温下放置3 h、4 ℃下放置6 h和-80 ℃下放置12 d内均稳定,在-20 ℃下放置12 d降解显著。西司他丁在多种条件下均稳定。方法在柱温±5 ℃、流速±0.1 mL·min-1,水相中甲酸浓度±0.025%、离子源温度±50 ℃的条件改变范围内具有良好的耐用性。添加稳定剂的样品在连续进样后质谱信号强度出现明显降低,而不添加稳定剂方法对质谱信号强度无明显影响。

结论:

本方法操作简单,结果准确,可用于亚胺培南和西司他丁的临床治疗药物监测。MOPS等非挥发性盐类稳定剂会降低质谱灵敏度,不添加这类稳定剂更适合LC-MS/MS法长期使用。

, correspAuthors=王卓, 马涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**王卓 Tel:(021)31162299;E-mail:
马涛 Tel:13855266592;E-mail:
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College of life sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000 , China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241033140324585608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, companyId=1241033140303614085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.沈阳药科大学生命科学与生物制药学院,沈阳 110000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241033143277375833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Chemical structures of imipenem (A) and cilastatin (B), figureFileSmall=i1JqK/c1E5D837wtYVWBQA==, figureFileBig=BrAM2c9urHAxHl1XzbRZGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143373844828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=图1, caption=亚胺培南(A)和西司他丁(B)化学结构图, figureFileSmall=i1JqK/c1E5D837wtYVWBQA==, figureFileBig=BrAM2c9urHAxHl1XzbRZGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143524839783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Typical chromatograms of imipenem (1) cilastatin (2) and internal standard (3), figureFileSmall=a5c/x0WyiEXkO3rDmW4iyA==, figureFileBig=YTNI3oMCESKLVHxvL21Bgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143629697387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=图2, caption=亚胺培南(1)、西司他丁(2)及内标(3)典型色谱图

A. 6个不同来源的空白血浆样品(6 blank plasma samples of different sources) B. 含亚胺培南(0.1 μg·mL-1)、西司他丁(0.1 μg·mL-1)及内标的血浆样品[human plasma spiked with imipenem(0.1 μg·mL-1),cilastatin(0.1 μg·mL-1)and internal standard] C. 患者血浆样品(patient plasma sample)

, figureFileSmall=a5c/x0WyiEXkO3rDmW4iyA==, figureFileBig=YTNI3oMCESKLVHxvL21Bgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143717777774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Changes in MRM signal intensity after continuous sample injection, figureFileSmall=wGwk4m8V9o2URRjEXpkBQA==, figureFileBig=VRHaydBF0G5H3L4EceNfWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143818441073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=图3, caption=样品连续进样后MRM信号强度变化

A.添加稳定剂(adding stabilizers)B.不添加稳定剂(not adding stabilizers)

, figureFileSmall=wGwk4m8V9o2URRjEXpkBQA==, figureFileBig=VRHaydBF0G5H3L4EceNfWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033143919104375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Accuracy and precise of imipenem and cilastatin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(analyte)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1日内(intra-day)(n=5)日间(inter-day)(n=3)
准确度(accuracy)/%RSD/%准确度(accuracy)/%RSD/%
亚胺培南0.1108.5±8.17.5103.7±8.07.7
(imipenem)0.295.3±5.55.898.1±7.37.5
4.095.4±8.59.0102.1±9.59.3
80.098.0±2.01.998.5±6.76.8
西司他丁0.1101.6±4.74.7105.9±6.05.7
(cilastatin)0.298.3±4.84.995.7±3.94.0
4.0104.8±3.23.1102.3±6.56.4
80.0102.1±1.51.5104.1±3.83.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144019767677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

亚胺培南和西司他丁的准确度和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(analyte)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1日内(intra-day)(n=5)日间(inter-day)(n=3)
准确度(accuracy)/%RSD/%准确度(accuracy)/%RSD/%
亚胺培南0.1108.5±8.17.5103.7±8.07.7
(imipenem)0.295.3±5.55.898.1±7.37.5
4.095.4±8.59.0102.1±9.59.3
80.098.0±2.01.998.5±6.76.8
西司他丁0.1101.6±4.74.7105.9±6.05.7
(cilastatin)0.298.3±4.84.995.7±3.94.0
4.0104.8±3.23.1102.3±6.56.4
80.0102.1±1.51.5104.1±3.83.7
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144120430977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Recovery and matrix effect of imipenem and cilastatin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(analyte)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1提取回收率(recovery)基质效应(matrix effect)
平均值(mean)/%RSD/%平均值(mean)/%RSD/%
亚胺培南0.280.36.7111.27.0
(imipenem)4.084.38.3106.67.4
80.079.87.7104.75.3
西司他丁0.280.54.3105.34.7
(cilastatin)4.077.42.299.95.4
80.080.41.597.14.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144242065801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

亚胺培南和西司他丁样品提取回收率和基质效应(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物(analyte)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1提取回收率(recovery)基质效应(matrix effect)
平均值(mean)/%RSD/%平均值(mean)/%RSD/%
亚胺培南0.280.36.7111.27.0
(imipenem)4.084.38.3106.67.4
80.079.87.7104.75.3
西司他丁0.280.54.3105.34.7
(cilastatin)4.077.42.299.95.4
80.080.41.597.14.1
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144330146188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Stability of imipenem and cilastatinin under different storage conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定性条件
(stability condition)
RE/%
亚胺培南(imipenem)西司他丁(cilastatin)
0.2 μg·mL-14.0 μg·mL-180.0 μg·mL-10.2 μg·mL-14.0 μg·mL-180.0 μg·mL-1
室温,3 h(room temperature for 3 h)-9.3-3.4-12.11.71.56.7
4 ℃,6 h(for 6 h at 4 ℃)-1.2-11.6-10.6-3.72.1-3.7
-20 ℃,12 d(freeze for 12 d at -20 ℃)NA-66.7-57.57.87.61.3
-80 ℃,12 d(freeze for 12 d at -80 ℃)7.0-5.08.5-1.1-6.22.8
冻融3次(three freeze-thaw cycles)-5.42.39.0-11.7-8.7-9.8
处理后样品自动进样器4 ℃,24 h-1.08.2-4.5-6.8-4.1-4.9
(treated plasma sample in autosampler at 4 ℃ for 24 h)
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144443392399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

亚胺培南和西司他丁在不同条件下的稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定性条件
(stability condition)
RE/%
亚胺培南(imipenem)西司他丁(cilastatin)
0.2 μg·mL-14.0 μg·mL-180.0 μg·mL-10.2 μg·mL-14.0 μg·mL-180.0 μg·mL-1
室温,3 h(room temperature for 3 h)-9.3-3.4-12.11.71.56.7
4 ℃,6 h(for 6 h at 4 ℃)-1.2-11.6-10.6-3.72.1-3.7
-20 ℃,12 d(freeze for 12 d at -20 ℃)NA-66.7-57.57.87.61.3
-80 ℃,12 d(freeze for 12 d at -80 ℃)7.0-5.08.5-1.1-6.22.8
冻融3次(three freeze-thaw cycles)-5.42.39.0-11.7-8.7-9.8
处理后样品自动进样器4 ℃,24 h-1.08.2-4.5-6.8-4.1-4.9
(treated plasma sample in autosampler at 4 ℃ for 24 h)
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144552444306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Results of robustness study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
实验条件
(experimental condition)
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration) /(μg·mL-1
实测浓度
(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1
准确度
(accuracy)/%
RSD/% P
亚胺培南(1)4.03.89±0.2297.45.70.603
(imipenem)(2)3.73±0.3093.38.0
(3)3.90±0.3897.69.7
(4)3.89±0.1697.34.1
(5)3.90±0.3697.49.3
(6)3.88±0.2297.15.6
(7)3.85±0.3196.28.2
(8)3.66±0.3791.610.0
(9)4.04±0.24101.06.0
西司他丁(1)4.04.02±0.15100.53.60.318
(cilastatin)(2)3.93±0.1598.23.7
(3)3.98±0.1199.62.7
(4)4.14±0.20103.64.9
(5)4.07±0.27101.96.7
(6)3.97±0.2099.35.1
(7)3.92±0.1398.03.4
(8)4.06±0.07101.41.7
(9)3.93±0.1798.24.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144686662038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

耐用性考察结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
实验条件
(experimental condition)
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration) /(μg·mL-1
实测浓度
(measured concentration)/(μg·mL-1
准确度
(accuracy)/%
RSD/% P
亚胺培南(1)4.03.89±0.2297.45.70.603
(imipenem)(2)3.73±0.3093.38.0
(3)3.90±0.3897.69.7
(4)3.89±0.1697.34.1
(5)3.90±0.3697.49.3
(6)3.88±0.2297.15.6
(7)3.85±0.3196.28.2
(8)3.66±0.3791.610.0
(9)4.04±0.24101.06.0
西司他丁(1)4.04.02±0.15100.53.60.318
(cilastatin)(2)3.93±0.1598.23.7
(3)3.98±0.1199.62.7
(4)4.14±0.20103.64.9
(5)4.07±0.27101.96.7
(6)3.97±0.2099.35.1
(7)3.92±0.1398.03.4
(8)4.06±0.07101.41.7
(9)3.93±0.1798.24.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144774742425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Patient’s general information and plasma concentration of imipenem and cilastatinin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号(No.)性别(sex)年龄(age)GFR /(mL·min-1剂量(dose) Cmin /(μg·mL-1
亚胺培南(imipenem)西司他丁(cilastatin)
1男性(male)85105.5500 mg tid3.5111.02
2男性(male)77127.7500 mg tid1.377.05
3男性(male)7822.1500 mg bid0.86>100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241033144850239903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997640041713698, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

患者基本情况及亚胺培南和西司他丁血药浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号(No.)性别(sex)年龄(age)GFR /(mL·min-1剂量(dose) Cmin /(μg·mL-1
亚胺培南(imipenem)西司他丁(cilastatin)
1男性(male)85105.5500 mg tid3.5111.02
2男性(male)77127.7500 mg tid1.377.05
3男性(male)7822.1500 mg bid0.86>100.0
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LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度*
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袁智龙 1, 2 , 张文静 2 , 刘梦丹 3 , 王卓 2, ** , 马涛 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2025,45(2): 228-236
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2025, 45(2): 228-236
LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度*
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袁智龙1, 2 , 张文静2, 刘梦丹3, 王卓2, ** , 马涛1, **
作者信息
  • 1.蚌埠医科大学药学院,蚌埠 233000
  • 2.海军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科,上海 200433
  • 3.沈阳药科大学生命科学与生物制药学院,沈阳 110000
  • Tel:17558071852;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**王卓 Tel:(021)31162299;E-mail:
马涛 Tel:13855266592;E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of imipenem and cilastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS
Zhi-long YUAN1, 2 , Wen-jing ZHANG2, Meng-dan LIU3, Zhuo WANG2, ** , Tao MA1, **
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
  • 2. Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 3. College of life sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000 , China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0307
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目的:

建立LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁的浓度,用于临床治疗药物浓度监测,并考察样品预处理时添加稳定剂对质谱信号强度的影响。

方法:

样品经蛋白沉淀后,采用Agilent TC-C18(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm)色谱柱,以0.15%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式下多反应监测(MRM)扫描,亚胺培南、西司他丁和内标(美罗培南)的定量离子对分别为m/z 300.1→141.9、m/z 359.7→97.0和m/z 384.1→141.1。将含有和不含稳定剂3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸(MOPS)的样品分别进行预处理后,连续进样分析,比较质谱信号强度的变化。

结果:

亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均在0.1~100.0 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系较好(r>0.99),其日内和日间准确度均在95.3%~108.5%,精密度(RSD)均<9.3%,提取回收率在77.4%~84.3%,基质效应在97.1%~111.2%。血浆样品中亚胺培南在室温下放置3 h、4 ℃下放置6 h和-80 ℃下放置12 d内均稳定,在-20 ℃下放置12 d降解显著。西司他丁在多种条件下均稳定。方法在柱温±5 ℃、流速±0.1 mL·min-1,水相中甲酸浓度±0.025%、离子源温度±50 ℃的条件改变范围内具有良好的耐用性。添加稳定剂的样品在连续进样后质谱信号强度出现明显降低,而不添加稳定剂方法对质谱信号强度无明显影响。

结论:

本方法操作简单,结果准确,可用于亚胺培南和西司他丁的临床治疗药物监测。MOPS等非挥发性盐类稳定剂会降低质谱灵敏度,不添加这类稳定剂更适合LC-MS/MS法长期使用。

亚胺培南  /  西司他丁  /  液相色谱串联质谱  /  治疗药物监测  /  检测灵敏度
Objective:

To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentrations of imipenem and cilastatin in human plasma, for monitoring clinical therapeutic drug concentrations, and to investigate the effects of adding stabilizers during the sample pretreatment on mass spectrometry signal intensity.

Methods:

After protein precipitation, the sample was subjected to gradient elution using an Agilent TC-C18 (2) (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with a mobile phase system of 0.15% formic acid in water and methanol. The electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM): m/z 300.1 → 141.9 (imipenem),m/z 359.7 → 97.0 (cilastatin) and m/z 384.1 → 141.1 (meropenem, internal standard). The samples containing and without 3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic acid (MOPS) as stabilizers were pretreated and continuously analyzed to compare the changes in mass spectrometry signal intensity.

Results:

Both imipenem and cilastatin showed good linearities in the concentration ranges of 0.1-100.0 μg·mL-1 (r>0.99). The intra-day and inter-day accuracy ranges from 95.3% to 108.5%, the precision (RSDs) were less than 9.3%, the extraction recovery rate ranges from 77.4% to 84.3%, and the matrix effect ranges from 97.1% to 111.2%. Imipenem in plasma samples was stable at room temperature for 3 h, at 4 ℃ for 6 h, and at -80 ℃ for 12 d, while it was significantly degraded at -20 ℃ for 12 d. Cilastatin was stable under a variety of conditions. The method was robust to changing conditions of column temperature ±5 ℃, flow rate ±0.1 mL·min-1, formic acid concentration in the aqueous phase ±0.025%, and ion source temperature ±50 ℃. The samples containing stabilizers exhibited significant ion inhibition on mass spectrometry after continuous injection, while samples without stabilizers had no significant effect on the signal intensity of mass spectrometry.

Conclusion:

The method is simple and accurate and can be used for clinical drug monitoring of imipenem and cilastatin. Nonvolatile salt stabilizers such as MOPS can reduce mass spectrometry sensitivity, and the absence of such stabilizers is more suitable for long-term analysis by LC-MS/MS.

imipenem  /  cilastatin  /  liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  therapeutic drug monitoring  /  detection sensitivity
袁智龙, 张文静, 刘梦丹, 王卓, 马涛. LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 228 -236 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0307
Zhi-long YUAN, Wen-jing ZHANG, Meng-dan LIU, Zhuo WANG, Tao MA. Simultaneous determination of imipenem and cilastatin in human plasma by LC-MS/MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (2) : 228 -236 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0307
亚胺培南是碳青霉烯类广谱抗生素,临床上常用于治疗重症感染以及混合感染等[1]。由于重症患者复杂的病理、生理特征以及体外治疗措施等,亚胺培南在这类患者中使用时易出现显著的药物代谢动力学(PK)变异性,进行治疗药物监测有助于提高患者用药的有效性和安全性[2-3]。西司他丁是肾脱氢肽酶-1抑制剂,与亚胺培南合用,可减少亚胺培南被肾脏代谢,并降低其肾毒性[4]。近年的研究显示,西司他丁还可降低万古霉素、顺铂等多种药物的肾毒性,具有很大的潜在临床应用价值[5-6],目前国内尚缺少测定人血浆中西司他丁浓度的LC-MS/MS方法。亚胺培南血药浓度测定的方法主要有HPLC法[7-10]和LC-MS/MS法[11-15]。与HPLC法相比,LC-MS/MS法灵敏度更高,运行时间更短,是药物浓度测定的“金标准”,但对难挥发性盐的耐受性较差。由于亚胺培南含有的β-内酰胺环(见图1)易水解,在生物样本中的稳定性差,因此,一些研究在预处理时向血浆中添加稳定剂,以提高亚胺培南存放的稳定性[816]。但常用的稳定剂如氢氧化钠溶液调节pH的2-(N-吗啉基)乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液、3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸(MOPS)缓冲液等含有大量的非挥发性盐,可导致质谱灵敏度迅速降低[14]。这可能是由于其所用的离轴喷雾离子源抗污染能力较弱,对于目前更常用的正交喷雾离子源,是否会出现相同的现象,尚无研究考察。
本研究拟建立一种灵敏度高,特异性好,操作简单的LC-MS/MS方法同时定量人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度,用于临床患者治疗药物监测,并考察稳定剂对质谱信号强度的影响。
3200 QTRAP质谱仪,配备正交式电喷雾离子源,AB SCIEX公司;LC-20AD高效液相色谱仪,包括SIL-20ACCXR自动进样器、CTO-20AC柱温箱,岛津公司;5804R型高速离心机,Eppendorf公司;MS205DU型十万分之一分析天平,Mettler Toledo公司。
对照品亚胺培南、西司他丁及内标美罗培南,均购自上海一飞生物科技有限公司,纯度均为98%;MOPS,上海一飞生物科技有限公司,纯度97%;甲醇、乙腈、甲酸均为色谱纯,Anaqua Chemicals Supply公司;氢氧化钠为分析纯;超纯水由上海长海医院药学部制剂室提供;空白血浆来自健康志愿者。
采用Agilent TC-C18(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm)色谱柱,孔径为170 Å,以0.15%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,5%B;1~1.1 min,5%B→35%B;1.1~4 min,35%B→80%B;4~4.1 min,80%B→5%B;4.1~6.5 min,5%B),流速0.9 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,进样量4 μL。
采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式,多重反应监测:m/z 300.1→141.9(亚胺培南)、m/z 359.7→97.0(西司他丁)和m/z 384.1 →141.1(内标),去簇电压(DP)分别为32、35、35 V,碰撞能量分别为35、31、19 V,离子源温度700 ℃,离子喷雾电压5 500 V,气帘气压力172.4 kPa,雾化气(GS 1)压力344.7 kPa,辅助气(GS 2)压力413.7 kPa。
分别精密称取亚胺培南和西司他丁的对照品适量,用50%乙腈溶解、定容,配制成质量浓度均为2 000.0 μg·mL-1的亚胺培南和西司他丁对照品储备液。取亚胺培南储备液和西司他丁对照品储备液适量,用50%乙腈稀释,配制成亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均分别为1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、25.0、100.0、500.0、1 000.0 μg·mL-1的系列标准曲线工作溶液,和质量浓度均为2.0、40.0、800.0 μg·mL-1的质控工作溶液。
精密称取内标(美罗培南)对照品适量,用50%乙腈溶解、定容,配制成质量浓度为1 000.0 μg·mL-1的内标储备液,继续用50%乙腈稀释成质量浓度为20.0 μg·mL-1的内标溶液。
取“2.3”项下的标准曲线工作溶液和质控工作溶液各10 μL,分别加入到90 μL空白血浆中,配制成亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均分别为0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.5、10.0、50.0、100.0 μg·mL-1的系列标准曲线血浆样品,以及质量浓度均为0.2、4.0、80.0 μg·mL-1的高、中、低浓度质控血浆样品。
取血浆样品100 µL,置于1.5 mL EP管中,加入内标溶液10 µL、乙腈300 µL和甲醇20 µL,涡旋1 min混匀,13 000 r·min-1离心8 min,取上清液4 µL进样分析。
取6个不同来源的空白血浆,用50%乙腈代替内标溶液,按“2.5”项下方法进行预处理,进样测定,得6个空白血浆样品色谱图叠加图(图2-A)。分别取添加对照品的空白血浆样品和使用了亚胺培南/西司他丁钠注射剂的临床患者血浆样品,按“2.5”项下方法进行预处理,进样测定,得色谱图2-B、C。亚胺培南、西司他丁和内标均不受血浆内源性物质干扰,峰形较好,保留时间分别为3.91、5.18和3.98 min。
取“2.4”项下的标准曲线血浆样品,按“2.5”项下方法预处理后进样分析,以待测物质量浓度为横坐标,待测物与内标峰面积之比为纵坐标,以权重因子1/x2进行加权回归分析,建立标准曲线。结果亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均在0.1~100.0 μg·mL-1的范围内线性良好,典型的标准曲线分别为:

Y=0.28X+0.004 26  r=0.998 4

Y=0.376X+0.020 6  r=0.997 7

满足S/N≥10.0的最低质量浓度分别为0.02 μg·mL-1和0.04 μg·mL-1,根据临床需要,采用的亚胺培南和西司他丁定量限均为0.1 μg·mL-1
按“2.4”项方法配制3个浓度的质控血浆样品和定量限血浆样品各5份,按“2.5”项下方法预处理后进样分析,计算日内准确度和精密度。连续3 d分析3批血浆样品,计算日间准确度和精密度。结果见表1
将3个质量浓度的质控血浆样品,平行6份,按“2.5”项下方法进行预处理,进样分析,测定质控血浆样品待测物峰面积。处理6份不同来源的空白血浆,取上清液加入质控工作溶液和内标溶液,按处理倍数配制提取后加标样品溶液,进样分析,测得提取后加标样品待测物峰面积和内标峰面积。用纯水代替“2.4”项中的空白血浆配制样品纯溶液,同法测定,得样品纯溶液待测物峰面积和内标峰面积。按质控血浆样品待测物峰面积/提取后加标样品待测物峰面积×100%计算提取回收率,按提取后加标样品待测物与内标峰面积比/纯溶液样品待测物与内标峰面积比×100%计算内标归一化基质效应。结果亚胺培南提取回收率和基质效应分别在79.8%~84.3%和104.7%~111.2%,西司他丁提取回收率和基质效应分别在77.4%~80.5%和97.1%~105.3%,精密度(RSD)均<15%,见表2
按“2.4”项下方法配制3个浓度的质控血浆样品,分别考察血浆样品在常温下放置3 h,4 ℃下放置6 h,-20 ℃冻存12 d,-80 ℃冻存12 d,冻融3次以及样品预处理后进样器中放置24 h的稳定性。结果亚胺培南除在-20 ℃下12 d降解约60%外,其余条件下均稳定。西司他丁在上述条件下均能保持稳定。各条件下测得浓度的准确度偏差(RE)结果见表3
改变“2.1”项色谱条件和“2.2”项质谱条件中的柱温、流速、pH和离子源温度,以评估本方法在一定范围的条件改变后的耐用性。按“2.4”项下方法配制标准曲线血浆样品和6个质量浓度为4.0 μg·mL-1的中浓度质控血浆样品,预处理后在以下条件变化下进样分析:(1)质谱和色谱条件无改变;(2)柱温-5 ℃;(3)柱温+5 ℃;(4)流速-0.1 mL·min-1;(5)流速+0.1 mL·min-1;(6)水相中甲酸浓度-0.025%;(7)水相中甲酸浓度+0.025%;(8)离子源温度-50 ℃;(9)离子源温度+50 ℃。考察各条件下标准曲线的线性、测定结果的准确度、精密度是否符合要求。并使用SPSS Statistics 27软件,分别对亚胺培南和西司他丁在各项条件下测得的结果进行正态性检验、方差齐性检验和方差分析,考察测定结果有无显著差异。结果显示,在各项条件下,亚胺培南和西司他丁在0.1~100.0 μg·mL-1范围内的线性均较好,r均>0.99,样品的实测浓度均在理论浓度的91.6%~103.6%,精密度(RSD)均<10.0%。各项条件下,亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度的测定结果均服从正态分布且方差齐,单因素方差分析显示P值均>0.05,各项间的测定结果无显著差异。表明本方法在柱温±5 ℃、流速±0.1 mL·min-1、水相中甲酸浓度±0.025%、离子源温度±50 ℃范围内仍然适用,稳定可靠,重复性好。具体结果见表4
选择3名使用了亚胺培南/西司他丁钠注射剂至少2 d,血药浓度达到稳态的重症患者,于下一次给药前30 min内采集血液样品。将样品置于冰上送至实验室,以3 000 r·min-1离心10 min分离血浆后,按“2.5”项预处理后进样分析,测定亚胺培南和西司他丁的稳态血药谷浓度(Cmin)。结果显示,在3名重症患者中,亚胺培南的血药Cmin差异很大,为0.86~3.5 μg·mL-1,并且在1名患者中,西司他丁的血药Cmin超出了定量上限。患者的性别、年龄、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、亚胺培南/西司他丁钠给药方案及亚胺培南和西司他丁血药浓度数据见表5
配制亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均为10 μg·mL-1的标准血浆样品,平行10份,按以下方式配制稳定剂并对方法进行预处理:精密称取MOPS适量,用超纯水溶解、定容,配制成浓度为0.5 mol·L-1的MOPS溶液,再用氢氧化钠溶液调pH,配制成pH 6.8的稳定剂溶液。将血浆样品与MOPS溶液按1:1的比例混合,取混合物100 µL于1.5 mL EP管中,加入内标溶液10 µL、乙腈400 µL,涡旋1 min混匀,13 300 r·min-1离心8 min,取上清液4 µL进样分析。
分别计算10个标准血浆样品第1次进样测得的亚胺培南、西司他丁和内标峰面积的平均值,作为初始信号强度。将10个标准血浆样品重复进样,计算继续进样后进样数分别为第60、120、180、240、300的前后10个标准血浆样品峰面积的平均值,与初始信号强度比较,考察质谱信号强度的变化。另配制亚胺培南和西司他丁质量浓度均为10 μg·mL-1的标准血浆样品,平行10份,按“2.4”项下方法不加稳定剂进行处理后,以同样方式进样分析,考察质谱信号强度的变化。结果如图3所示。添加稳定剂的标准血浆样品溶液在连续进样约120个后,亚胺培南、西司他丁及内标质谱信号均逐渐降低;而不添加稳定剂时,连续进样300个样品后,亚胺培南、西司他丁和内标峰面积均无明显变化。
目前,亚胺培南血药浓度的检测方法虽已多有研究,但在国内与西司他丁进行同时测定的LC-MS/MS方法尚无报道。本研究建立了一种可同时测定人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度的LC-MS/MS方法。由于亚胺培南的极性较强,现有的LC-MS/MS方法多选用亲水相互作用色谱(HILIC)柱进行分析[11,13-14],但使用这种色谱柱需要长时间的平衡[13,17]。本方法选择Agilent TC-C18(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm)色谱柱作为分析柱,在保证亚胺培南和西司他丁保留效果的同时,平衡时间短,分析速度快且对有机溶剂的消耗量小,有助于提高检测效率并降低检测成本。本方法在低至4 µL的进样量下,血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁分别在0.02 μg·mL-1和0.04 μg·mL-1的浓度下仍能满足S/N≥10.0,与已发表的LC-MS/MS方法[11-1214]相比,具有更高的检测灵敏度,保证了低浓度下样品检测结果的准确性。本方法还使用简单的流动相构成,采用蛋白沉淀离心后上清液直接进样的预处理方式,无需二氯甲烷萃取等步骤[12],简化了流动相配制和样品处理的流程。此外,本方法在常规的方法验证项之外,增加了对方法的耐用性考察,保证了方法准确可靠,可在不同实验室中推广使用。
亚胺培南分子结构中的β-内酰胺环张力大,易开环分解,其稳定性受温度、pH等因素的影响较大[18]。本研究结果显示,血浆样品中亚胺培南在室温和4℃下分别仅能稳定3 h和6 h。长期储存时,在-20 ℃下放置12 d降解约60%,而在-80 ℃下放置12 d保持稳定,这与文献中亚胺培南在-20 ℃下放置3 d降解超过15%,而-80 ℃下放置至少可稳定1个月的结果[17]相似,表明亚胺培南在-20 ℃下的稳定性仍然有限,长期储存应在更低的温度下。添加MOPS缓冲液、MES缓冲液等稳定剂可提高亚胺培南的稳定性[9-1016],但也可能会污染质谱仪[19]。据报道,在基于离轴喷雾离子源的LC-MS/MS方法中,进样含MES缓冲液的供试溶液30针,质谱信号强度降低10倍以上[14]。而本研究发现,使用抗污染能力更强的正交喷雾离子源受稳定剂的影响相对较小,但连续大量进样后也会出现质谱灵敏度降低现象。而即使不添加稳定剂,样品在经本研究所用蛋白沉淀法预处理后稳定性明显提高,足以维持分析过程中的稳定。综合以上因素,本研究选择不添加稳定的样品处理方式,并建议尽快对样品进行预处理,若不能及时处理,可将样品暂时保存在-80 ℃下。
亚胺培南为时间依赖性抗生素,与其疗效相关的药动学/药效学(PK/PD)参数为游离浓度>细菌最低抑菌浓度的时间占给药间隔的比例(% fT>MIC)。目前,已有不同的亚胺培南PK/PD靶值被提出,在重症患者中,采用较高的PK/PD靶值更有利于优化疗效并防止耐药[20-21]。2019年,法国《优化重症患者β-内酰胺类抗生素治疗指南》[2]建议的亚胺培南在重症患者中用药的靶值:对于明确的感染,fCmin(即100% fT)≥4×MIC,且Cmin<5 μg·mL-1;对于不明确的感染,Cmin应在2.5~5 μg·mL-1。而本研究中,3名重症患者中仅有1名能达到上述靶值,可见进行治疗药物监测很有必要。1名患者血浆中的西司他丁Cmin超过了100.0 μg·mL-1,这可能是由于患者肾功能严重不全导致了药物蓄积。亚胺培南和西司他丁均主要通过肾脏清除,且西司他丁的非肾清除率更低,因而更易出现蓄积[22],需注意肾功能不全导致过高的血药浓度可能的安全性风险。
综上所述,本研究建立的同时定量人血浆中亚胺培南和西司他丁浓度的LC-MS/MS方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于亚胺培南和西司他丁的临床治疗药物监测。MOPS缓冲液等非挥发性盐类稳定剂可导致质谱信号强度降低,不添加这类稳定剂更适合LC-MS/MS法长期使用。
  • *海军军医大学第一附属医院“十四五”学科固海计划项目(GH145-38)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0307
  • 接收时间:2024-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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*海军军医大学第一附属医院“十四五”学科固海计划项目(GH145-38)
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    1.蚌埠医科大学药学院,蚌埠 233000
    2.海军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科,上海 200433
    3.沈阳药科大学生命科学与生物制药学院,沈阳 110000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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