Article(id=1240997639282544660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0497, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722355200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773806493826, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773806493826, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773806493826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773806493826, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240997638351409170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='181', pageEnd='360', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773806493604, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773810140860, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241012936110560132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240997638351409170, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=201, endPage=208, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240997639509037080, articleId=1240997639282544660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Research on quality evaluation method of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules based on fingerprint, multi-component determination and chemical pattern recognition, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a quality evaluation method for Chaihu Yujinxiang granules based on fingerprint, multi-component content determination, and chemical pattern recognition, providing important basis for its quality control.

Method:

The “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2012 Edition)” was used to establish HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules, identify common peaks, and perform similarity evaluation. HPLC method for determining the content of four active ingredients, namely liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin was established. Cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted on Chaihu Yujinxiang granules using SPSS 26.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software. Differential components affecting the quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules were screened based on the criterion of variable importance projection (VIP) value>1.0.

Result:

The established fingerprint and multi-component content determination method achieved satisfactory results after methodological investigation. The similarity of the fingerprint of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules ranges from 0.953 to 0.977, with a total of 11 common peaks, 4 of which were identified. The average contents of active ingredients such as liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules were 2.71 mg·g-1, 10.17 mg·g-1, 2.47 mg·g-1, and 1.86 mg·g–1, respectively. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicates that 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules could be clustered into two categories, with S3, S6, and S8 in one category and the rest in another category. The VIP values of peaks 2, 9, 7, and 3 were above 1.0.

Conclusion:

The established fingerprint and content determination method are stable and reliable. Combined with chemical pattern recognition technology, they can be used to evaluate the overall quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules. Peaks 2, 9, 7, and 3 are differential components that affect the quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules.

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目的:

基于指纹图谱、多成分含量测定及化学模式识别方式建立柴胡郁金香颗粒的质量评价方法,为其质量控制提供重要依据。

方法:

运用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,指认共有峰,并进行相似度评价;建立样品中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素4个有效成分的HPLC含量测定方法,并进行含量测定;采用SPSS 26.0、SIMCA 14.1软件对柴胡郁金香颗粒进行聚类分析以及正交偏最小二乘判别分析,以变量重要性投影(VIP)值>1.0为标准筛选影响柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异性成分。

结果:

建立的指纹图谱、多成分含量测定方法经方法学考察均取得满意的结果。10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的指纹图谱相似度为0.953~0.977,共有11个共有峰,指认了其中4个共有峰。10批柴胡郁金香颗粒中有效成分芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的平均含量分别为2.71、10.17、2.47、1.86 mg·g-1。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,10批柴胡郁金香颗粒可聚为2类,其中S3、S6、S8为一类,其余为一类,峰2、9、7、3的VIP值>1.0。

结论:

建立的指纹图谱和含量测定方法稳定,可靠,结合化学模式识别技术可用于评价柴胡郁金香颗粒的整体质量,峰2、9、7、3是影响柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异性成分。

, correspAuthors=高颖, 高陆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**高颖 Tel:13756068680;E-mail:
高陆 Tel:13756098393;E-mail:
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Tel:18844183321;E-mail:

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1.芹糖甘草苷(liquiritin apioside) 2.甘草苷(liquiritin) 5.甘草素(liquiritigenin) 6.异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)

, figureFileSmall=LQZz0TpNj9c9Yj5Bvo04Hw==, figureFileBig=CNsUIRHEadreUA/85prufw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147450716712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Tree diagram of cluster analysis of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules, figureFileSmall=MJSQBuiOaDTngTtwIEjurg==, figureFileBig=i3WRd4nwRCV52ctGaIvURw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147526214188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=CN, label=图4, caption=10批柴胡郁金香颗粒聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=MJSQBuiOaDTngTtwIEjurg==, figureFileBig=i3WRd4nwRCV52ctGaIvURw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147622683183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=OPLS-DA results of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules, figureFileSmall=hbXNTsYnnRqsuxClO7pkEw==, figureFileBig=u8S2jqQ+AW1HOqGgkThbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147698180659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=CN, label=图5, caption=10批柴胡郁金香颗粒OPLS-DA结果, figureFileSmall=hbXNTsYnnRqsuxClO7pkEw==, figureFileBig=u8S2jqQ+AW1HOqGgkThbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147790455351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=VIP plot of common peaks of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules, figureFileSmall=eME+dBuCKEKgOygVZG4YZA==, figureFileBig=xFm1+pDX2dgFRbx6elwwQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147870147131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=CN, label=图6, caption=10批柴胡郁金香颗粒各共有峰的VIP图, figureFileSmall=eME+dBuCKEKgOygVZG4YZA==, figureFileBig=xFm1+pDX2dgFRbx6elwwQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241033147933061695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Results of linear relationship investigation of four active ingredients in Chaihu Yujinxiang granules

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分(component)回归方程(regression equation) r线性范围(linear range)/(mg·mL-1
异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin) Y=0.21X+0.610.999 50.02~0.12
甘草苷(liquiritin) Y=0.32X+0.890.999 70.10~1.02
甘草素(liquiritigenin) Y=0.27X+0.290.999 50.05~0.30
芹糖甘草苷(liquiritin apioside) Y=0.43X+0.730.999 60.16~1.44
), ArticleFig(id=1241033148004364868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柴胡郁金香颗粒4个有效成分线性关系考察结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分(component)回归方程(regression equation) r线性范围(linear range)/(mg·mL-1
异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin) Y=0.21X+0.610.999 50.02~0.12
甘草苷(liquiritin) Y=0.32X+0.890.999 70.10~1.02
甘草素(liquiritigenin) Y=0.27X+0.290.999 50.05~0.30
芹糖甘草苷(liquiritin apioside) Y=0.43X+0.730.999 60.16~1.44
), ArticleFig(id=1241033148084056649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Content determination results of 4 components in 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批次(batch)含量(content)/(mg·g-1
芹糖甘草苷(liquiritin apioside)甘草苷((liquiritin)甘草素(liquiritigenin)异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)
S12.7310.122.481.87
S22.7610.202.511.89
S32.8110.412.561.93
S42.689.972.431.84
S52.6210.052.391.81
S62.8310.522.541.95
S72.549.932.371.76
S82.7710.282.521.90
S92.6510.162.431.81
S102.6910.062.471.85
均值(average)/(mg·g-12.7110.172.471.86
), ArticleFig(id=1241033148167942732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240997639282544660, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

10批柴胡郁金香颗粒中4个成分的含量测定结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批次(batch)含量(content)/(mg·g-1
芹糖甘草苷(liquiritin apioside)甘草苷((liquiritin)甘草素(liquiritigenin)异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)
S12.7310.122.481.87
S22.7610.202.511.89
S32.8110.412.561.93
S42.689.972.431.84
S52.6210.052.391.81
S62.8310.522.541.95
S72.549.932.371.76
S82.7710.282.521.90
S92.6510.162.431.81
S102.6910.062.471.85
均值(average)/(mg·g-12.7110.172.471.86
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基于指纹图谱、多成分含量测定及化学模式识别的柴胡郁金香颗粒质量评价方法研究*
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姜春凤 1 , 孔雪 1 , 周星宇 1 , 车雪颜 1 , 罗文杰 1 , 沈星云 1 , 高颖 2, ** , 高陆 2, 3, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2025,45(2): 201-208
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2025, 45(2): 201-208
基于指纹图谱、多成分含量测定及化学模式识别的柴胡郁金香颗粒质量评价方法研究*
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姜春凤1 , 孔雪1, 周星宇1, 车雪颜1, 罗文杰1, 沈星云1, 高颖2, ** , 高陆2, 3, **
作者信息
  • 1.吉林农业科技学院,吉林 132109
  • 2.长春中医药大学,长春 130117
  • 3.吉林省现代中药工程研究中心有限公司,长春 130000
  • Tel:18844183321;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**高颖 Tel:13756068680;E-mail:
高陆 Tel:13756098393;E-mail:
Research on quality evaluation method of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules based on fingerprint, multi-component determination and chemical pattern recognition
Chun-feng JIANG1 , Xue KONG1, Xing-yu ZHOU1, Xue-yan CHE1, Wen-jie LUO1, Xing-yun SHEN1, Ying GAO2, ** , Lu GAO2, 3, **
Affiliations
  • 1. Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132109, China
  • 2. Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
  • 3. Jilin Modern Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0497
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目的:

基于指纹图谱、多成分含量测定及化学模式识别方式建立柴胡郁金香颗粒的质量评价方法,为其质量控制提供重要依据。

方法:

运用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》建立10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,指认共有峰,并进行相似度评价;建立样品中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素4个有效成分的HPLC含量测定方法,并进行含量测定;采用SPSS 26.0、SIMCA 14.1软件对柴胡郁金香颗粒进行聚类分析以及正交偏最小二乘判别分析,以变量重要性投影(VIP)值>1.0为标准筛选影响柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异性成分。

结果:

建立的指纹图谱、多成分含量测定方法经方法学考察均取得满意的结果。10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的指纹图谱相似度为0.953~0.977,共有11个共有峰,指认了其中4个共有峰。10批柴胡郁金香颗粒中有效成分芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的平均含量分别为2.71、10.17、2.47、1.86 mg·g-1。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,10批柴胡郁金香颗粒可聚为2类,其中S3、S6、S8为一类,其余为一类,峰2、9、7、3的VIP值>1.0。

结论:

建立的指纹图谱和含量测定方法稳定,可靠,结合化学模式识别技术可用于评价柴胡郁金香颗粒的整体质量,峰2、9、7、3是影响柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异性成分。

柴胡郁金香颗粒  /  高效液相色谱法(HPLC)  /  指纹图谱  /  多成分含量测定  /  聚类分析(CA)  /  正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)  /  差异标志物
Objective:

To establish a quality evaluation method for Chaihu Yujinxiang granules based on fingerprint, multi-component content determination, and chemical pattern recognition, providing important basis for its quality control.

Method:

The “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2012 Edition)” was used to establish HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules, identify common peaks, and perform similarity evaluation. HPLC method for determining the content of four active ingredients, namely liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin was established. Cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were conducted on Chaihu Yujinxiang granules using SPSS 26.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software. Differential components affecting the quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules were screened based on the criterion of variable importance projection (VIP) value>1.0.

Result:

The established fingerprint and multi-component content determination method achieved satisfactory results after methodological investigation. The similarity of the fingerprint of 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules ranges from 0.953 to 0.977, with a total of 11 common peaks, 4 of which were identified. The average contents of active ingredients such as liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules were 2.71 mg·g-1, 10.17 mg·g-1, 2.47 mg·g-1, and 1.86 mg·g–1, respectively. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicates that 10 batches of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules could be clustered into two categories, with S3, S6, and S8 in one category and the rest in another category. The VIP values of peaks 2, 9, 7, and 3 were above 1.0.

Conclusion:

The established fingerprint and content determination method are stable and reliable. Combined with chemical pattern recognition technology, they can be used to evaluate the overall quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules. Peaks 2, 9, 7, and 3 are differential components that affect the quality of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules.

Chaihu Yujinxiang granules  /  high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)  /  fingerprint  /  multi component determination  /  cluster analysis (CA)  /  orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)  /  differential markers
姜春凤, 孔雪, 周星宇, 车雪颜, 罗文杰, 沈星云, 高颖, 高陆. 基于指纹图谱、多成分含量测定及化学模式识别的柴胡郁金香颗粒质量评价方法研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (2) : 201 -208 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0497
Chun-feng JIANG, Xue KONG, Xing-yu ZHOU, Xue-yan CHE, Wen-jie LUO, Xing-yun SHEN, Ying GAO, Lu GAO. Research on quality evaluation method of Chaihu Yujinxiang granules based on fingerprint, multi-component determination and chemical pattern recognition[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (2) : 201 -208 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0497
柴胡郁金香颗粒(Chaihu Yujinxiang granules)是在中医理论指导下,由柴胡疏肝散进行演变而得到的中药方剂,由柴胡提取物、甘草提取物、炙香附提取物、郁金提取物和牡蛎超微粉组成。本课题组前期对其药效物质基础及代谢产物进行了大量的研究,明确其具有较好的抗抑郁作用[1-2]。研究表明,柴胡中柴胡皂苷a和d[3]以及甘草中甘草苷[4-5]、异甘草素[6]、甘草次酸[7]、甘草酸[8-9]在抗抑郁及肝脏保护方面具有显著作用,可能为柴胡郁金香颗粒发挥药理作用的物质基础。但是,柴胡郁金香颗粒中成分复杂,目前尚缺乏对其质量控制的全面研究。
中医药具有系统性、复杂性的特点,建立中药质量评价体系是中药迈向现代化的重要基础,特别是中药复方制剂的质量评价,目前正向着科学化、多元化、可控化方向发展[10]。指纹图谱是中药复方制剂质量评价的常用方法,一种可量化的综合性鉴定手段,在评价和控制中药材及复方的质量方面上具有独特的优势,能较全面地反映中药内在化学成分的种类与数量[11];多成分含量测定通过量效关系可以反映制剂的质量,是许多中药复方制剂质量控制的主要形式[12-13]。化学模式识别技术可通过对指纹图谱中的多维数据信息进行分类、降维等处理,筛选出其中的质量差异标志物,可以最大限度地保留样本的原始信息并对样本做出整体性评价[14]。为了更加精准控制复方中药制剂柴胡郁金香颗粒的质量,本研究通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析技术建立柴胡郁金香颗粒的指纹图谱、检测多种药效成分的含量,以及结合化学模式识别技术建立其整体质量的评价方法,建立其质量标准,为该制剂的质量控制及相关研究提供重要参考,为中药新药的开发提供重要依据。
Ultimate 3000型高效液相色谱仪(默飞世尔科技公司);MS205DU型十万分之一天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司);SB1200DT超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技有限公司);Milli-Q超纯水系统(Millipore公司)。
对照品甘草苷(批号111610-201908,纯度95.0%)购自中国食品药品检定研究院;甘草素(20112401,纯度94.8%)、异甘草素(批号G10000218,纯度94.8%)均购自成都格利普生物科技有限公司;芹糖甘草苷(批号6217,纯度98%)购自上海诗丹德生物技术有限公司。甲醇、乙腈、磷酸均为色谱纯,水为超纯水,其余试剂均为分析纯。
10批柴胡郁金香颗粒编号为S1~S10,批号分别为190315、190401、190402、190407、190408、180903、180906、180910、180911、180917),由吉林省现代中药工程研究中心有限公司生产。
精密称取芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素和异甘草素的对照品适量,用甲醇配制成单一对照品储备液。再精密量取各对照品储备液适量,用甲醇稀释,得到质量浓度分别为芹糖甘草苷0.48 mg·mL-1、甘草苷0.51 mg·mL-1、甘草素0.10 mg·mL-1、异甘草素0.041 mg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液。
精密称取柴胡郁金香颗粒0.5 g,置于具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入70%乙醇水25 mL,称量,超声(功率200 W,频率40 kHz)提取30 min,冷却至室温后,再次称量,用70%乙醇水补足减失的量,摇匀,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
不加入柴胡郁金香颗粒,按照“2.1.2”项步骤操作,得到阴性样品溶液。
采用ACE 5 C18-HL色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~12 min,10%A→29%A;12~25 min,29%A→31%A;25~28 min,31%A→43%A;28~40 min,43%A→46%A;40~46 min,46%A→51%A;46~49 min,51%A→63%A;49~80 min,63%A),流速0.8 mL·min–1,检测波长230 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样体积5 μL。
精密吸取“2.1.2”项下编号为S1的供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件连续进样测定6次,以2号峰甘草苷为参照峰(S),计算得到各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD(n=6)为0.062%~0.60%,相对峰面积的RSD(n=6)为0.20%~2.9%,表明方法精密度良好。
取编号为S1的柴胡郁金香颗粒适量,按“2.1.2”项下方法制备6份供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,以2号峰甘草苷为参照峰(S),计算得到各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD为0.022%~0.10%,相对峰面积的RSD为0.17%~3.6%,表明该方法重复性良好。
精密吸取“2.1.2”项下编号为S1的供试品溶液,分别于制备后0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h进样测定,以2号峰甘草苷为参照峰(S),计算得到各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD为0.023%~0.83%,相对峰面积的RSD为0.25%~2.3%,表明供试品溶液在室温下放置24 h内稳定性良好。
精密称定10批柴胡郁金香颗粒0.5 g,按“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,记录色谱图。将10批柴胡郁金香颗粒色谱图导入“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)”,选择S2号样品色谱图为参照图谱,采用中位数法,通过多点校正进行Marker峰匹配,生成10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的HPLC叠加图谱及对照图谱,见图1图2。共确定11个共有峰。按相同色谱条件进样混合对照品,得到混合对照品色谱图,见图3。与混合对照品比对,指认了其中4个成分,分别为1号峰为芹糖甘草苷,2号峰为甘草苷,5号峰为甘草素,6号峰为异甘草素。
运用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》对10批柴胡郁金香颗粒样品的图谱进行相似度评价。结果10批样品图谱与对照指纹图谱的相似度分别为0.964、0.953、0.966、0.975、0.968、0.977、0.969、0.973、0.961和0.976,表明10批供试品的化学成分一致性较好,柴胡郁金香颗粒的整体质量稳定。
精密吸取“2.1.1”项下的混合对照品溶液、“2.1.2”项下供试品溶液以及“2.1.3”项下缺少柴胡郁金香颗粒的阴性对照溶液各1 mL于进样瓶中,按照“2.2”项下色谱条件进行检测,结果(图1图3)表明,柴胡郁金香颗粒中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素检测无阴性干扰,方法专属性良好。
精密吸取“2.1.1”项下单一对照品储备液,用甲醇稀释成系列浓度的对照品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,以对照品的质量浓度X为横坐标,峰面积Y为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,线性关系考察结果见表1,结果表明在线性范围内各成分的线性关系良好,可用于含量计算。
精密吸取“2.1.1”项下混合对照品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件连续进样测定6次,记录峰面积,计算得到芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素峰面积的RSD分别为0.92%、0.96%、1.7%和1.7%,结果表明仪器精密度良好。
精密称取编号为S1的柴胡郁金香颗粒供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件分别在0、2、4、6、12、24 h进样测定,记录峰面积,计算得到芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素峰面积的RSD分别为0.62%、0.75%、1.2%和1.5%,结果表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定性良好。
精密称取编号为S4的柴胡郁金香颗粒供试品6份,每份0.5 g,按“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,记录峰面积,采用外标法计算得到芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的平均含量为2.7、10.1、2.5、1.8 mg·g-1,RSD分别为2.0%、2.5%、2.4%和1.7%。结果表明该方法重复性良好。
取已知成分含量的柴胡郁金香颗粒供试品(编号为S4)0.25 g,共9份,精密称定,分别按1:0 .5、1:1、1:1.5的质量比加入各对照品,每个比例3份,按“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,计算得到芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的平均加样回收率在96.9%~100.9%,RSD在1.9%~2.9%。结果表明方法准确度良好。
取10批柴胡郁金香颗粒样品溶液,按“2.1.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.2”项下色谱条件进样测定,记录峰面积,运用标准曲线计算4个成分的含量,测定3次,取平均值,结果见表2。10批柴胡郁金香颗粒中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的平均含量分别为2.71、10.17、2.47和1.86 mg·g-1
聚类分析(CA)法是利用研究对象的内在联系规律和要求进行分类的一种方法[15]。以10批柴胡郁金香颗粒中11个共有峰峰面积为变量,导入SPSS 26.0软件,采用组间聚类,以平方欧式距离为依据进行聚类分析,结果见图4。当平方欧式距离为15时,10批样品聚为2类,S3、S6、S8号样品聚为一类,其余样品聚为一类。结果表明不同批次样品间质量存在一定差异。
正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)是一种有监督的判别分析方法[16]。为了进一步分析10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的差异和分类,通过SIMCA 14.1软件对10批柴胡郁金香颗粒样品进行OPLS-DA分析。OPLS-DA得分图见图5,结果表明该分类结果与CA结果一致,10批样品可明显分为2类,S3、S6、S8号样品为一类,其余样品为一类。
变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection,VIP)值越大,表示对应成分对样品的分类贡献越大,VIP值是筛选差异性化合物的重要指标[17]。以VIP值>1为标准,筛选影响柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异标志物。结果如图6所示,结果表明4个共有峰对样品质量影响较大,分别为峰2(甘草苷)、9、7和3。
本研究首先运用DAD检测器筛选各波长下各成分的出峰情况,结果发现,在230 nm波长处,11个共有峰的峰面积最大,响应最好,因此选择230 nm作为检测器的检测波长。而后比较了不同流动相(乙腈-水、甲醇-水、乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液、乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液)对供试品分离效果的影响。结果表明,当以乙腈-水为流动相洗脱时,11个共有峰的色谱峰峰形和分离度均较好,因此选择乙腈-水作为流动相。同时考察了不同流速(0.8、1.0、1.2 mL·min-1)对供试品分离效果的影响,结果表明,以流速为0.8 mL·min-1进行洗脱时,11个共有峰的色谱峰峰形和分离度均较好,因此选择洗脱流速为0.8 mL·min-1。此外,还考察了不同柱温(25、30、35 ℃)对供试品分离效果的影响,结果发现,柱温为30 ℃时检测效果最好。考察了不同厂家的色谱柱[ACE 5 C18-HL(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)、Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)、Welch UItimate XB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)]对供试品分离效果的影响,结果表明,ACE 5 C18-HL色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5 μm)对供试品的分离效果最好。
另外,本研究还考察了不同提取方式(加热回流、超声)、不同提取溶剂(乙醇、70%乙醇水、甲醇、70%甲醇水、水)、不同提取时间(20、30、40 min)、不同料液比(1:10、1:25、1:50)对样品的提取效果影响,结果发现超声提取法和加热回流提取方法的提取效果相差不多,考虑到加热回流操作烦琐,因此,选择超声提取法为本研究的供试品提取方法。此外,研究发现70%乙醇水的提取方式最佳,提取时间30 min最佳,料液比1:25最佳。因此,确定提取溶剂为70%乙醇水,提取时间为30 min,料液比为1:25。
本研究选择中位数法建立10批柴胡郁金香颗粒样品的HPLC指纹图谱,10批样品与对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.953~0.977,均大于0.95,表明柴胡郁金香颗粒制剂的批与批之间相似性较好,制剂稳定性高;10批柴胡郁金香颗粒共有11个共有峰,共指认出了4个共有峰,分别为1号峰为芹糖甘草苷,2号峰为甘草苷,5号峰为甘草素,6号峰为异甘草素。这4个成分均为甘草的药效成分,其中甘草苷为2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》一部甘草药材含量测定的指标成分[18]。研究表明,甘草的化学成分对神经具有显著的保护作用[19],甘草苷可以显著提高抑郁症大鼠的BDNF的含量,提高抗氧化酶的活性,抑制脂质过氧化,减少慢性应激引起的大脑氧化损伤[20]。甘草素能够改善焦虑大鼠前额叶皮层中屏障蛋白的变化从而改善焦虑大鼠的焦虑状态[21]。异甘草素可通过磷酸化降低糖原合成酶激酶-3β活性,增强核因子E2相关因子2的表达,降低NF-κB响应,抑制神经炎症,对认知损伤和神经元损伤进行保护[22]。这4个成分对于柴胡郁金香颗粒药效的发挥起着重要作用,对这4个成分的指认具有重要意义。此外,本研究前期对柴胡郁金香颗粒的11个峰进行归属分析,11个峰均来自柴胡郁金香颗粒处方的不同组分,其中峰7、8、9归属于柴胡,峰1、2、3、4、5、6、10归属于甘草,峰11归属于炙香附。
10批柴胡郁金香颗粒的含量测定结果显示,芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的含量分别为2.54~2.83、9.93~10.52、2.37~2.56、1.76~1.95 mg·g-1,表明不同批次样品间各成分含量存在差异,其中甘草苷的含量偏差最大,这可能与原料药的差异以及生产过程仪器偏差、工艺偏差有关。本研究中芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的含量测定均采用230 nm作为检测器的检测波长,其方法学考察均符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》的要求。但是为了更精准测量药物成分含量,可进行芹糖甘草苷、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的检测波长考察,针对成分选择最佳检测波长。
本研究将HPLC指纹图谱与化学模式识别分析方式相结合进行柴胡郁金香颗粒的质量评价。聚类分析结果显示,10批样品可聚为2类,S3、S6、S8号样品为一类,其余样品为一类。进一步运用OPLS-DA进行降维分析,得到相同的结果。表明分析结果稳定,可靠。运用变量重要性投影VIP值筛选差异性化合物,结果得到4个差异性化合物,分别为峰2(甘草苷)、9、7和3。表明这4个成分是影响10批柴胡郁金香颗粒质量的差异标志物。因此建议严格监控柴胡郁金香颗粒生产制剂过程中这四个峰峰面积的波动情况。中药复方制剂化学成分复杂,HPLC紫外检测器并不能完全测出所有成分,在本次研究中受到检出成分有限性的影响,因此在后续研究中,可使用其他更为精密的检测技术及方法对样品中的化学成分进行更为全面的检测及分析,尤其包括柴胡皂苷a、d,甘草查尔酮等经研究对疾病治疗具有贡献的成分,以期对柴胡郁金香颗粒进行更为全面、准确的质量评价。
综上所述,本研究成功地建立了柴胡郁金香颗粒的指纹图谱和含量测定方法,可用于柴胡郁金香颗粒的整体质量评价。
  • *吉林省教育厅科学研究项目资助(JJKH20240512KJ)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0497
  • 接收时间:2024-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31
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*吉林省教育厅科学研究项目资助(JJKH20240512KJ)
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    1.吉林农业科技学院,吉林 132109
    2.长春中医药大学,长春 130117
    3.吉林省现代中药工程研究中心有限公司,长春 130000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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