Article(id=1240945597851693949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706716800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773794086181, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773794086181, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773794086181, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773794086181, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240945593548337937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1827', pageEnd='2010', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773794085156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773796488495, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240955673937236736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240955673937236737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1951, endPage=1957, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240945598266930063, articleId=1240945597851693949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Identification of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga (Eupolyphaga sinensis) formula granules by specific PCR, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method based on SNP loci for molecular identification of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga formula granules and its counterfeit.

Methods:

By analyzing the cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ (COⅠ) sequences of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga and its common forgeries,the SNP mutation sites of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga were searched and specifi cprimers were designed,which were TBC-F(5’-TTCTTGTTGGCAAGCAGTATAAT-3’) and TBC-R(5’-AACTACTGCTCAAACAAATAATGGA-3’). Three-step method was used to amplify specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the optimal PCR reaction system was determined by optimizing the PCR reaction procedure. At the same time,in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results,the PCR amplified products were conducted by generation sequencing.

Results:

The PCR method with the annealing temperature of 55-57 ℃ and 37 cycles produced a single band at 237 bp for 21 batches of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,20 batches of standard decoction and 19 batches of its dispensing granules,while it produced no band for the adulterant or the negative control. The experimental result was consistent with the result of Sanger sequencing,which was Eupolyphaga sinensis.

Conclusion:

The established specific PCR method can accurately identify the medicinal materials,and standard decoction freeze-dried powder of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,as well as final products of dispensing granules. It provides a reference for research on the quality standards of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules.

, correspAuthors=Guo-wei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shan-shan LIU, Si-yin TAN, Ye SONG, Le-yao XIAN, Yao-yao FAN, Yu-qin LUO, Guo-wei LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240945599340671931, articleId=1240945597851693949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒的特异性PCR鉴别研究, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立基于SNP位点的特异性PCR技术对土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒及其混伪品的分子鉴定方法。

方法:

通过分析土鳖虫与其常见伪品的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1(COⅠ)序列,寻找土鳖虫SNP变异位点,设计出特异性引物TBC-F(5’-TTCTTGTTGGCAAGCAGTATAAT-3’)和TBC-R(5’-AACTACTGCTCAAACAAATAATGGA-3’)。采用三步法进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR),并通过方法优化,确立最佳反应体系,同时为保证试验结果的准确性,将PCR扩增产物进行一代测序。

结果:

在退火温度为55~57 ℃,循环数为37次的扩增条件下,21批土鳖虫药材、20批标准汤剂及其19批配方颗粒经PCR扩增及凝胶电泳检测后,在237 bp处有单一明亮的特异性条带,其伪品无条带,试验结果与一代测序结果一致,为地鳖。

结论:

建立的特异性PCR鉴别方法可准确对土鳖虫药材、标准汤剂冻干粉、配方颗粒成品进行鉴别,为土鳖虫的配方颗粒质量标准研究提供了参考依据。

, correspAuthors=李国卫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Tel:18851853737;E-mail:
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Tel:15017592618;E-mail:

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Chem Enterp Manage202336(14):15, articleTitle=Conditions research on CTAB extraction of spinach genome DNA, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240954723034001460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954723042390069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, companyId=1240954723034001460, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co,Ltd,Guangdong Key Laboratory of TCM Formula Granule Enterprises,Foshan 528244,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954723075944504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, companyId=1240954723034001460, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东一方制药有限公司 广东省中药配方颗粒企业重点实验室,佛山 528244)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240954726754349338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Investigation results of different influencing factors on Eupolyphaga Steleophaga, figureFileSmall=rFSoajJxJiOKRG3LBtwiZA==, figureFileBig=jkrXHb0dgAA7wzMn3h7JZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954726838235424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=图1 , caption=土鳖虫不同影响因素考察结果

M.DNA maker DL 1000 1、2.土鳖虫颗粒(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules) 3、4.土鳖虫标准汤剂(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard decoction) 5.土鳖虫对照药材(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard medicinal materials) 6.土鳖虫药材(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga medicinal materials) 7、8.美洲大蠊(Periplaneta Americana) 9、10.金边龙虱(Cybister tripunctatus) 11、12.金边土鳖(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm.) N.空白(blank control)

, figureFileSmall=rFSoajJxJiOKRG3LBtwiZA==, figureFileBig=jkrXHb0dgAA7wzMn3h7JZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954726968258859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Inspection results of LOD of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga specific PCR, figureFileSmall=3XH+QbSqZbAaCmWPcnPObg==, figureFileBig=ODT//N51wG/RTSHSFPhndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954727047950639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=图2 , caption=土鳖虫特异性PCR LOD考察结果

M.DNA maker DL 1000 N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=3XH+QbSqZbAaCmWPcnPObg==, figureFileBig=ODT//N51wG/RTSHSFPhndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954727115059508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Applicability results of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga specific PCR, figureFileSmall=jG+ar6zTDA7MeiFvWTRpLQ==, figureFileBig=sBnf9Kq+wDroFGWgl3DOfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954727207334202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=图3 , caption=土鳖虫特异性PCR适用性结果

M.DNA maker DL 1000 1.土鳖虫对照药材(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard medicinal materials) 2~20.土鳖虫配方颗粒(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules) 21~41.土鳖虫饮片(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga decoction pieces) 42~62.土鳖虫标准汤剂(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard decoction) 63~65.美洲大蠊药材(Periplaneta Americana medicinal materials) 66、67.金边龙虱药材(Cybister tripunctatus medicinal materials) 68、69.金边土鳖药材(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm. medicinal materials) 70~72.美洲大蠊标准汤剂(Periplaneta Americana standard decoction) 73、74.金边龙虱标准汤剂(Cybister tripunctatus standard decoction) 75、76.金边土鳖标准汤剂(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm. standard decoction) N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=jG+ar6zTDA7MeiFvWTRpLQ==, figureFileBig=sBnf9Kq+wDroFGWgl3DOfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954727307997502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Experimental medicinal material information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称
(sample name)
基原
(origin)
来源
(source)
数量
(quantity)
土鳖虫对照药材(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard medicinal materials)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker) 中国食品药品检定研究院(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control)1
地鳖(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga)地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)河南(Henan)、江苏(Jiangsu)、山东(Shandong)、湖北(Hubei)20
土鳖虫标准汤剂(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard decoction)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)广东一方制药有限公司(Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.)20
土鳖虫配方颗粒(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)广东一方制药有限公司(Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.)19
美洲大蠊(Periplaneta Americana)美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana Linnaeus)安徽(Anhui)2
金边土鳖(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm.)金边土鳖(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm.)广东(Guangdong)、广西(Guangxi)2
金边龙虱(Cybister tripunctatus金边龙虱(Cybister tripunctatus安徽(Anhui)2
), ArticleFig(id=1240954727391883587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验药材信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称
(sample name)
基原
(origin)
来源
(source)
数量
(quantity)
土鳖虫对照药材(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard medicinal materials)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker) 中国食品药品检定研究院(National Institutes for Food and Drug Control)1
地鳖(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga)地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)河南(Henan)、江苏(Jiangsu)、山东(Shandong)、湖北(Hubei)20
土鳖虫标准汤剂(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga standard decoction)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)广东一方制药有限公司(Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.)20
土鳖虫配方颗粒(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules)地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker)广东一方制药有限公司(Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.)19
美洲大蠊(Periplaneta Americana)美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana Linnaeus)安徽(Anhui)2
金边土鳖(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm.)金边土鳖(Opisthoplatia orientalis Burm.)广东(Guangdong)、广西(Guangxi)2
金边龙虱(Cybister tripunctatus金边龙虱(Cybister tripunctatus安徽(Anhui)2
), ArticleFig(id=1240954727471575369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Dilution concentration of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga formula granules

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
稀释倍数
(dilution rate)
DNA浓度
(DNA concentration)/(ng·μL-1
12015
22001.5
32 0000.15
420 0000.015
5200 0000.001 5
62 000 0000.000 15
), ArticleFig(id=1240954727555461453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

土鳖虫配方颗粒稀释浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
稀释倍数
(dilution rate)
DNA浓度
(DNA concentration)/(ng·μL-1
12015
22001.5
32 0000.15
420 0000.015
5200 0000.001 5
62 000 0000.000 15
), ArticleFig(id=1240954727651930450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Sequencing verification results of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品果
(sample)
NCBIGP Genome DB
比对结果(BLAST result)相似度(similarity)/%比对结果(BLAST result)相似度(similarity)/%
YC01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.86地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.10
YC02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.88地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.03
YC03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.85地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.12
BZTJ01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.08地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.37
BZTJ02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.91地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis100.00
BZTJ03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.86地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.47
PFKLI01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.82地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.38
PFKLI02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.82地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.26
PFKLI03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.85地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.75
), ArticleFig(id=1240954727786148183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945597851693949, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土鳖虫样品测序验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品果
(sample)
NCBIGP Genome DB
比对结果(BLAST result)相似度(similarity)/%比对结果(BLAST result)相似度(similarity)/%
YC01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.86地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.10
YC02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.88地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.03
YC03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.85地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.12
BZTJ01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.08地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.37
BZTJ02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.91地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis100.00
BZTJ03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.86地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.47
PFKLI01地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.82地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.38
PFKLI02地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.82地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.26
PFKLI03地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis98.85地鳖(Eupolyphaga sinensis99.75
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土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒的特异性PCR鉴别研究
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刘闪闪 , 谭斯尹 , 宋叶 , 冼乐尧 , 范耀耀 , 罗宇琴 , 李国卫 *
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(11): 1951-1957
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(11): 1951-1957
土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒的特异性PCR鉴别研究
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刘闪闪 , 谭斯尹, 宋叶, 冼乐尧, 范耀耀, 罗宇琴, 李国卫*
作者信息
  • 广东一方制药有限公司 广东省中药配方颗粒企业重点实验室,佛山 528244
  • Tel:15017592618;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*Tel:18851853737;E-mail:
Identification of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga (Eupolyphaga sinensis) formula granules by specific PCR
Shan-shan LIU , Si-yin TAN, Ye SONG, Le-yao XIAN, Yao-yao FAN, Yu-qin LUO, Guo-wei LI*
Affiliations
  • Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co,Ltd,Guangdong Key Laboratory of TCM Formula Granule Enterprises,Foshan 528244,China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0075
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目的:

建立基于SNP位点的特异性PCR技术对土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒及其混伪品的分子鉴定方法。

方法:

通过分析土鳖虫与其常见伪品的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1(COⅠ)序列,寻找土鳖虫SNP变异位点,设计出特异性引物TBC-F(5’-TTCTTGTTGGCAAGCAGTATAAT-3’)和TBC-R(5’-AACTACTGCTCAAACAAATAATGGA-3’)。采用三步法进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR),并通过方法优化,确立最佳反应体系,同时为保证试验结果的准确性,将PCR扩增产物进行一代测序。

结果:

在退火温度为55~57 ℃,循环数为37次的扩增条件下,21批土鳖虫药材、20批标准汤剂及其19批配方颗粒经PCR扩增及凝胶电泳检测后,在237 bp处有单一明亮的特异性条带,其伪品无条带,试验结果与一代测序结果一致,为地鳖。

结论:

建立的特异性PCR鉴别方法可准确对土鳖虫药材、标准汤剂冻干粉、配方颗粒成品进行鉴别,为土鳖虫的配方颗粒质量标准研究提供了参考依据。

土鳖虫(地鳖)  /  配方颗粒  /  细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1基因  /  混伪品  /  特异性聚合酶链式反应  /  分子鉴别
Objective:

To establish a specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method based on SNP loci for molecular identification of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga formula granules and its counterfeit.

Methods:

By analyzing the cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ (COⅠ) sequences of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga and its common forgeries,the SNP mutation sites of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga were searched and specifi cprimers were designed,which were TBC-F(5’-TTCTTGTTGGCAAGCAGTATAAT-3’) and TBC-R(5’-AACTACTGCTCAAACAAATAATGGA-3’). Three-step method was used to amplify specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the optimal PCR reaction system was determined by optimizing the PCR reaction procedure. At the same time,in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results,the PCR amplified products were conducted by generation sequencing.

Results:

The PCR method with the annealing temperature of 55-57 ℃ and 37 cycles produced a single band at 237 bp for 21 batches of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,20 batches of standard decoction and 19 batches of its dispensing granules,while it produced no band for the adulterant or the negative control. The experimental result was consistent with the result of Sanger sequencing,which was Eupolyphaga sinensis.

Conclusion:

The established specific PCR method can accurately identify the medicinal materials,and standard decoction freeze-dried powder of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,as well as final products of dispensing granules. It provides a reference for research on the quality standards of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga dispensing granules.

Eupolyphaga Steleophaga (Eupolyphaga sinensis)  /  dispensing granules  /  COⅠgene  /  adulterants  /  specific PCR  /  molecular identification
刘闪闪, 谭斯尹, 宋叶, 冼乐尧, 范耀耀, 罗宇琴, 李国卫. 土鳖虫(地鳖)配方颗粒的特异性PCR鉴别研究. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (11) : 1951 -1957 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0075
Shan-shan LIU, Si-yin TAN, Ye SONG, Le-yao XIAN, Yao-yao FAN, Yu-qin LUO, Guo-wei LI. Identification of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga (Eupolyphaga sinensis) formula granules by specific PCR[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (11) : 1951 -1957 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0075
土鳖虫为鳖蠊科昆虫地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker或冀地鳖Steleophaga plancyi (Boleny)的雌虫干燥体[1],始载于《神农本草经》,列为中品,历代医书均有记载,其入药可破血逐瘀、续筋接骨,用于跌打损伤、筋伤骨折、血瘀经闭、产后瘀阻腹痛、癥瘕痞块[2-4]。现代医学研究表明,土鳖虫富含多种氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、黄酮和生物碱等活性物质,具有抑制血管生成、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗血栓、抗氧化、促进骨骼愈合等功能[5-9]。土鳖虫的资源有野生和家种,以地鳖为主要来源,国内虽然已有稳定的规范化养殖,但随着土鳖虫药用需求量的日益增加[10-11],多种土鳖虫伪品如金边土鳖、美洲大蠊及金边龙虱等,也逐渐充斥着市场。为保证临床用药的安全与有效,需对土鳖虫的来源进行有效的鉴别[12-14]
目前,对于土鳖虫的鉴别方法主要有性状鉴别[15]、理化鉴别[16]、显微鉴别[17],以及分子鉴别[18-19]等方法,但前3种鉴别方法易受到鉴别人员主观因素如从业经验等的干扰,且从药材到配方颗粒,经过煎煮与浓缩等一系列工艺,早已失去原有性状和显微特征,因而无法实现准确鉴别。分子鉴别具有不受主观因素干扰,稳定性好,高特异性等优势,目前已有关于土鳖虫药材和中成药的分子鉴定研究。如:李娜等[18]基于Cybt基因设计了特异性引物,可用于土鳖虫正品的炮制品、混伪品之间的分子鉴别;刘晶晶等[19]通过对土鳖虫及其伪品的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1(COⅠ)基因的比对分析,建立了特异性PCR鉴别方法,可用于鉴别11个中成药中土鳖虫的真伪。因此,除土鳖虫的炮制品和中成药外,还并未见关于土鳖虫配方颗粒的文献报道。
基于SNP位点的特异性PCR技术可以实现对物种的快速鉴别,具有操作简便,无需测序,准确性高等特点,已被应用于多个物种的中药配方颗粒的鉴别,如鳖甲[20]、蜈蚣[21]、全蝎[22]等,都是通过比对正品与伪品的常见基因序列,设计特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)引物,建立并优化PCR的最佳条件,最终实现正品从药材到配方颗粒与伪品的鉴别。本研究通过筛选地鳖(Eupolyphaga Steleophaga)与其伪品的SNP位点,成功设计出用于鉴别地鳖的药材、标准汤剂和配方颗粒的特异性引物,并从DNA高度降解的样品中成功提取出作为PCR扩增的DNA模板,可实现对土鳖虫配方颗粒的快速鉴别。
药材购于河南、山东、江苏、安徽等地,共有27批,经广东一方制药有限公司孙冬梅主任中药师鉴定,其中地鳖20批,美洲大蠊、金边土鳖、金边龙虱各2批,具体信息见表1,标本保存于广东一方制药有限公司标本中心,将其中地鳖药材制成20批标准汤剂冻干粉和19批配方颗粒。
MightyAMP DNA聚合酶、TaKaRa rTaq DNA聚合酶、TaKaRa Ex Taq DNA聚合酶、SpeedSTAR DNA聚合酶、DL1000 DNA Marker均购自TaKaRa公司,蛋白酶K(天根生化科技(北京)有限公司),CTAB提取液、TAE缓冲液、SDS提取液、琼脂糖(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)、三氯甲烷、乙醇、异丙醇等均为分析纯,水为实验室自制超纯水。
TU-100恒温金属浴(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司),5424R高速冷冻离心机(艾本德公司),BioSpec-nano紫外微量分光光度计(岛津公司),OSE-MC8微型离心机(天根生化科技(北京)有限公司),T100 Thermal Cycler PCR仪(伯乐生命科技有限公司),StepOnePlus MiniAmpPlus PCR仪(赛默飞世尔科技公司)、PowEase 300W PS0301电泳仪(美国伯乐生命科技有限公司),PowerPac Basic水平电泳槽(美国伯乐生命科技有限公司),Syngene NuGenius凝胶成像仪(Syngene公司)。
提取考察表明,土鳖虫药材和标准汤剂采用中国专利CN101270357A[23]的方法、配方颗粒采用两步CTAB法[24]提取的DNA浓度较高,质量较好。2种方法所获得的DNA样品经紫外分光光度计检测,饮片和标准汤剂提取的DNA浓度均值分别为543.74 ng·μL-1和255.09 ng·μL-1A260/A280分别为1.88和1.89;配方颗粒提取的DNA浓度均值为307.61 ng·μL-1A260/A280为1.98,表明2种方法适用于土鳖虫饮片、标准汤剂和配方颗粒DNA的提取。
从Genbank中下载地鳖以及伪品的COⅠ序列,采用Bioedit、MEGA等软件进行Clustal W多重比对。序列对比发现,在286位地鳖位点为C而其他物种为A/T,确定该SNP位点后,通过Primer Premier 5软件,设计鉴别引物TBC-F:5’-TTCTTGTTGGCAAGCAGTATAAT-3’和TBC-R:5’-AACTACTGCTCAAACAAATAATGGA-3’。经特异性PCR扩增后,扩增产物长度为237 bp。
反应体系为25 μL,包括10×缓冲液2.5 μL,dNTP(2.5 mmol·L-1)2.0 μL,鉴别引物(10 μmol·L-1)各0.3 μL,DNA聚合酶(5 U·μL-1)0.2 μL,DNA模板[标准汤剂和颗粒2.0 μL,饮片1.0 μL],高压灭菌超纯水补足至25 μL。PCR参数:95 ℃预变性5 min;循环反应39次(95 ℃ 30 s,55~59 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s),72 ℃延伸5 min。PCR产物利用2.5%的琼脂糖凝胶加入核酸凝胶染色剂GelRed,通过电泳进行检测,并利用凝胶成像仪观察结果。
为探索PCR的最佳条件,本研究对聚合酶、退火温度、循环次数、聚合酶量、引物量以及不同仪器进行考察,结果如图1所示。
结果表明,用SpeedStar聚合酶,退火温度为55~57 ℃,循环数为37个,DNA模板量在10~90 ng内,聚合酶和引物量为0.2~0.3 μL时,可获得土鳖虫全部DNA样品的最佳扩增条带,且伪品并未扩增,不同品牌PCR仪,PCR扩增条带差异较小,且空白对照均无假阳性出现,说明该方法的耐用性较好。
考察土鳖虫配方颗粒特异性PCR法的灵敏度。选择土鳖虫配方颗粒1批,分别稀释20、200、2 000、20 000、2 000 000倍,测定DNA模板浓度,结果见表2。按土鳖虫特异性PCR体系和扩增条件进行扩增,结果见图2
结果显示,土鳖虫配方颗粒DNA为1.5~15 ng时均可出现特异性条带,且空白对照均无假阳性出现,故土鳖虫配方颗粒特异性鉴别检测限(LOD)为1.5 ng。
选择土鳖虫药材21批、土鳖虫标准汤剂21批、土鳖虫配方颗粒19批、美洲大蠊药材及标准汤剂各3批、金边龙虱药材及标准汤剂各2批、金边土鳖药材及标准汤剂各2批,按照土鳖虫特异性PCR体系和扩增条件进行扩增,见图3。结果显示,土鳖虫配方颗粒的鉴定率为100%,真阳性率为100%,真阴性率为100%,假阳性率为0%,假阴性率为0%,表明该方法能用于土鳖虫配方颗粒的特异性PCR鉴别。
随机选取3批地鳖药材、标准汤剂和配方颗粒样品,使用优化的PCR条件进行扩增,将所得产物送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行Sanger测序,测序结果采用SeqMan软件进行拼接处理,并在NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)和全球药典基因组数据库(http://www.gpgenome.com/)上进行BLAST比对,结果见表3。9批样品的相似度在98.0%~100%,表明该特异性PCR方法可应用于土鳖虫药材、标准汤剂和配方颗粒的鉴别。
中药配方颗粒是将传统中药饮片通过提取、分离、浓缩、干燥和制粒等一系列现代工艺制成的新型配方用药,具有方便服用,安全有效的特点,但是该剂型无法通过传统鉴别方法对原料实现准确的鉴别,因此无法保证配方颗粒的质量控制与用药安全。DNA分子鉴别技术在快速发展的同时,也为解决中药配方颗粒的质量难题控制提供了快速有效的方法。
由于模板DNA的质量对于特异性PCR扩增成功至关重要,本研究在试验中比较了专利CN101270357A方法、DNA提取试剂盒法、CTAB法与两步CTAB法。其中,专利CN101270357A的方法采用0.5%SDS及蛋白酶K消化后,使样品里的蛋白质大量降解,DNA则会溶解在消化液中,适用于土鳖虫药材与标准汤剂及其伪品的DNA提取。而中药配方颗粒在生产过程中会加入蔗糖、麦芽糊精等多种糖分辅料,会严重影响样品DNA的提取,本研究在试验中发现,相较于常用的CTAB法,两步CTAB法增加了沉淀液的步骤,即通过降低盐浓度使DNA从溶液中沉淀下来,而大量糖分则溶解于溶液中,可使配方颗粒中的大部分糖分与DNA分离,实现纯净DNA的目的。根据确定的2种方法可以获得质量较高的DNA模板,满足后续研究需要。
中药配方颗粒在生产过程中需要保证产品质量的均一性,对于多基原的中药饮片,企业会有依据地选择其中一种基原进行生产。因此,本研究设计的特异性PCR引物主要针对以地鳖为原料的土鳖虫配方颗粒,该方法可以鉴别地鳖及其伪品,但对于药典规定的另一基原即冀地鳖,未做适用性考察,因此,将继续对冀地鳖基原展开研究,希望为完善动物药配方颗粒的分子鉴定提供重要的科学依据。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0075
  • 接收时间:2024-02-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-01
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    广东一方制药有限公司 广东省中药配方颗粒企业重点实验室,佛山 528244

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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