Article(id=1240945594341061396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0423, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773794085345, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1732982400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773794085345, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773794085345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773794085345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240945593548337937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1827', pageEnd='2010', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773794085156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773796488495, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240955673937236736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240955673937236737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240945593548337937, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1909, endPage=1922, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240945594655634200, articleId=1240945594341061396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on the pharmacokinetics and the correlation between distribution of puerarin-icariin and dynamic expression of proteins in mouse hippocampus after oral administration of Shenge Bushen capsules*, columnId=1240945594596913943, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay • Metabolism Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To study the dynamic changes of puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus of mice,to observe the changes of depression-related protein expression in hippocampus,and to explore the pharmacokinetic changes of Shenge Bushen capsules (SBC) and its correlation with the changes of hippocampus-related protein expression.

Methods:

Puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus of normal mice were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS-ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500 triple quadrupole series linear ion trap mass spectrometry method using Waters Acquity HSS T3 (50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm) column with 0.05% formic acid water-acetonitrile-methanol (1:1) containing 0.05% formic acid as mobile phases gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1 and electrospray ion source under negative ion model. The proteins in hippocampus were expressed by Western blot assay.

Results:

Puerarin and icariin were detected in plasma and hippocampus after the oral administration,including plasma puerarin t1/2 2.45 h,icariin t1/2 3.59 h,hippocampus puerarin t1/2 4.37 h and icariin t1/2 8.5 h. The plasma concentration of puerarin accounts for 27.3% and that of icariin accounts for 1.34% of the dosage taken. Puerarin in hippocampus accounts for 2.47% of puerarin absorbed into blood,while icariin in hippocampus accounts for 73.56% of icariin absorbed into blood. The expressions of restrictive silencing factor (NRSF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream protein tyrosine kinase B (TrkB),solute carrier transporter 6a4 (SLC6A4),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and μ opioid receptor (MOR) in hippocampus were all up-regulated after SBC administration,in which icariin was negatively correlated with NRSF expression,puerarin was positively correlated with BDNF-TrkB and MOR,and GR had no obvious correlation with the proteins.

Conclusions:

Puerarin and icariin can be absorbed into the blood and distributed in the hippocampus after oral administration of SBC in mice. Icariin was easier to pass through the blood-brain barrier and distribute in the hippocampus than puerarin. The expression of hippocampus-related proteins was related to the changes of puerarin and icariin concentrations,suggesting that the targets of the two components as well as SBC were related to these proteins. This study provides an important experimental basis for the pharmacokinetic study of SBC and also provides a material basis of its antidepressant effect.

, correspAuthors=Li-jun DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei-hua WANG, Fan LEI, Cheng-gong LI, Hong SUN, Shi-xian HU, Dong-ming XING, Bin REN, Juan HAO, Li-jun DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240945596916364122, articleId=1240945594341061396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷小鼠体内动力学脑海马分布及其相关蛋白动态表达的相关性研究*, columnId=1240945594722743066, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=生物检定+代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

研究参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷在小鼠血浆及脑内海马核团动力学和海马抑郁症相关蛋白表达的变化,探讨参葛补肾胶囊体内药代动力学变化及其与海马相关蛋白表达的相关性。

方法:

运用UPLC-MS/MS-ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500三重四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱方法,采用Waters ACQUITY HSS T3(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以0.05%甲酸水-含0.05%甲酸的乙腈甲醇溶液(1:1)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL·min-1,采用电喷雾离子源,在负离子模式下对正常小鼠灌胃后不同时间点的血浆及海马中葛根素、淫羊藿苷测试分析。用Western blot方法表达海马蛋白。

结果:

口服给药后血浆和海马均检测到葛根素和淫羊藿苷,其中血浆葛根素半衰期(t1/2)为2.45 h,淫羊藿苷t1/2为3.59 h;海马葛根素t1/2为4.37 h,淫羊藿苷t1/2为8.5 h。葛根素血浆浓度占给药量的27.3%,淫羊藿苷血浆浓度占给药量的1.34%。海马葛根素占吸收入血葛根素的2.47%,海马淫羊藿苷占吸收入血淫羊藿苷的73.56%。给药后海马神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其下游原肌球蛋白相关激酶受体B(TrkB)、溶质载体转运体6a4(SLC6A4)、糖皮质激素受体(GR)、μ阿片受体(MOR)等蛋白表达出现不同程度的上调,其中淫羊藿苷与NRSF表达呈现明显负相关,葛根素与BDNF-TrkB、MOR表现出明显正相关,GR则无明显相关性。

结论:

小鼠口服参葛补肾胶囊后,葛根素和淫羊藿苷均能进吸收进入血液且分布于海马,淫羊藿苷较葛根素更易透过血脑屏障并在海马分布。海马相关蛋白表达与葛根素、淫羊藿苷浓度变化呈现一定的相关性,提示2个成分的作用靶点与这些蛋白有关。本研究为参葛补肾胶囊药代动力学及其抗抑郁作用的物质基础提供了重要的实验依据。

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Exploration of relationship between in vivo dynamics of puerarin and flovone of root of Kutzu vine and a discussion on study method of pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines [J]. World Sci Technol Mod Tradit Chin Med20046 (6):26, articleTitle=Exploration of relationship between in vivo dynamics of puerarin and flovone of root of Kutzu vine and a discussion on study method of pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240954739546968745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, awardId=2018ZX09731020, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09731020), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240954730474688903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730483077512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730474688903, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Life Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730495660426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730474688903, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.清华大学 生命科学学院,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240954730613100944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730621489554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730613100944, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Center of Pharmaceutical Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730634072468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730613100944, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 药学技术中心,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240954730713764249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730722152857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730713764249, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Center of Pharmaceutical R&D,Xinjiang Huachun Pharmaceutical Company,Urumqi 830000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730730541466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730713764249, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.新疆华春生物药业股份有限公司药业研发中心,乌鲁木齐 830000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240954730814427551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730822816160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730814427551, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Institute of Medicinal Plant and Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100094,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240954730835399074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, companyId=1240954730814427551, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 药用植物研究所,北京 100094)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240954737399485019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The mass spectra of puerarin(A,B) and icarrin(C,D), figureFileSmall=A/zQt/ffKG7WFfD8MgMYUw==, figureFileBig=KB2MoXU59/EIHBMslS1LYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737470788189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图1 , caption=葛根素(A、B)和淫羊藿苷(C、D)的一级(MS1)和二级(MS2)质谱图, figureFileSmall=A/zQt/ffKG7WFfD8MgMYUw==, figureFileBig=KB2MoXU59/EIHBMslS1LYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737575645793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=MRM of puerarin (A) and icarrin (B) in the blood plasma, figureFileSmall=T1mO5Ke/e7G8rqTVIhDvxQ==, figureFileBig=kdJHevdLmzhqwVGvJOn2bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737663726182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图2 , caption=血浆中葛根素(A)和淫羊藿苷(B)总离子流图

1.空白(blank) 2.对照品(reference substance) 3.样品(sample)

, figureFileSmall=T1mO5Ke/e7G8rqTVIhDvxQ==, figureFileBig=kdJHevdLmzhqwVGvJOn2bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737756000875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=MRM of puerarin (A) and icarrin (B) in hippocampus, figureFileSmall=b03CgMEjgtlP52HDHxm/lQ==, figureFileBig=P+V5RXGURPRX7Ne8fhuG3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737827304046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图3 , caption=海马中葛根素(A)和淫羊藿苷(B)总离子流图

1.空白(blank) 2.对照品(reference substance) 3.样品(sample)

, figureFileSmall=b03CgMEjgtlP52HDHxm/lQ==, figureFileBig=P+V5RXGURPRX7Ne8fhuG3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737911190126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The contents of puerarin and icarrin in the blood plasma(A) and hippocampus(B) with time(,n=5,Fig.4-B shows the test results after merging the hippocampus of 5 mice), figureFileSmall=lJUO62OcD7G/ojgT+qfdmA==, figureFileBig=5cCx2tncufiohKMdF6FicQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954737990881905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图4 , caption=血浆(A)和海马(B)中葛根素和淫羊藿苷经时变化(,n=5)(B为5只小鼠海马合并后测试结果)

1.葛根素(puerarin) 2.淫羊藿苷(icarrin)

, figureFileSmall=lJUO62OcD7G/ojgT+qfdmA==, figureFileBig=5cCx2tncufiohKMdF6FicQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738078962293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Coefficient between puerarin and icarrin of plasma, figureFileSmall=Gf0ouvSf3euPZHLzuUTegQ==, figureFileBig=J9SLR7n1JvKH3EzkGJKKXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738158654071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图5 , caption=血浆中葛根素和淫羊藿苷经时变化的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=Gf0ouvSf3euPZHLzuUTegQ==, figureFileBig=J9SLR7n1JvKH3EzkGJKKXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738229957242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The protein expressions at time-course after the administration(compared with the zero time-point,*,**P<0.05,P<0.01), figureFileSmall=3VXMkV2KAUDv5cIwvg7GLw==, figureFileBig=HhIi5Tz5yJThfxUbzSCWiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738297066109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图6 , caption=给药后不同时间海马中相关蛋白表达的变化(n=5)(与给药前0 h时间点相比,*,**P<0.05,P<0.01), figureFileSmall=3VXMkV2KAUDv5cIwvg7GLw==, figureFileBig=HhIi5Tz5yJThfxUbzSCWiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738368369280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The correlations between puerarin and the expression of the proteins in mouse hippocampus, figureFileSmall=1+4Y4Rc4pxKa7sceDIrxyw==, figureFileBig=M4+8MgDfsmZcFIZXKMSX0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738431283842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图7 , caption=海马中葛根素与相关蛋白表达变化的相关性, figureFileSmall=1+4Y4Rc4pxKa7sceDIrxyw==, figureFileBig=M4+8MgDfsmZcFIZXKMSX0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738502587013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The correlations between icarrin and the expression of the proteins in mouse hippocampus, figureFileSmall=BYCWqM5j0NzT7UOLMDfkOA==, figureFileBig=uZzNOvtTKhu7G9moAgLhsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738578084489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=图8 , caption=淫羊藿苷与相关蛋白表达变化的相关性, figureFileSmall=BYCWqM5j0NzT7UOLMDfkOA==, figureFileBig=uZzNOvtTKhu7G9moAgLhsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240954738657776266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters of internal standard and the detected components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
母离子
(parent ion)m/z
碎片离子
(fragmention)m/z
去簇电压
(de-clustering voltage)/V
碰撞能
(collision energy)/V
内标尼莫地平[nimodipine(internal standard)417.3122.1-120-25
葛根素(puerarin)415.2295-130-1
淫羊藿苷(icarrin)675.3513.2-130-22
), ArticleFig(id=1240954738745856651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内标及其检测成分的质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
母离子
(parent ion)m/z
碎片离子
(fragmention)m/z
去簇电压
(de-clustering voltage)/V
碰撞能
(collision energy)/V
内标尼莫地平[nimodipine(internal standard)417.3122.1-120-25
葛根素(puerarin)415.2295-130-1
淫羊藿苷(icarrin)675.3513.2-130-22
), ArticleFig(id=1240954738817159822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Standard curve equation and other parameters of puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r线性范围
(linear range)/(ng·mL-1)
LOQ/(ng·mL-1)
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin) Y=0.073 91X+0.003 750.998 10.099~436.140.099
淫羊藿苷(icariin) Y=0.006 83X+0.000 471 8430.998 01.0~188.0121
海马(hippocampus )葛根素(puerarin) Y=0.169 35X+0.033 240.993 60.946~86.9450.946
淫羊藿苷(icariin) Y=0.009 4X+0.001 80.997 50.985~456.9150.985
), ArticleFig(id=1240954738917823123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血浆、海马中葛根素、淫山羊藿苷标准曲线方程等相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r线性范围
(linear range)/(ng·mL-1)
LOQ/(ng·mL-1)
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin) Y=0.073 91X+0.003 750.998 10.099~436.140.099
淫羊藿苷(icariin) Y=0.006 83X+0.000 471 8430.998 01.0~188.0121
海马(hippocampus )葛根素(puerarin) Y=0.169 35X+0.033 240.993 60.946~86.9450.946
淫羊藿苷(icariin) Y=0.009 4X+0.001 80.997 50.985~456.9150.985
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739018486423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Matrix effect and extraction recovery data of puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
标示浓度
(marked concentration)/(ng·mL-1
基质效应(内标校正)
[matrix effect (internal standard correction)]
提取回收率
(extraction recovery )
效应因子
(effect factor)
RSD/%百分率
(percentage)/%
RSD/%
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.68±0.054 48.082.8±3.994.8
150.83±0.033 04.079.8±1.091.1
4000.75±0.045.479.3±0.811.0
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.90±0.090 510.183.1±2.903.5
150.88±0.044 25.081.5±3.384.1
4000.89±0.5055.781.1±5.466.7
海马(hippocampus )葛根素(puerarin)0.31.42±0.091 26.494.5±2.642.8
151.29±0.051 84.096.9±4.044.2
1601.01±0.049 84.799.8±1.451.5
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.92±0.087 79.596.3±8.268.6
150.88±0.060 46.995.4±5.305.6
1600.88±0.031 43.696.8±6.236.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739081400986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血浆、海马中葛根素和淫羊藿苷基质应及提取回收率的数据(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
标示浓度
(marked concentration)/(ng·mL-1
基质效应(内标校正)
[matrix effect (internal standard correction)]
提取回收率
(extraction recovery )
效应因子
(effect factor)
RSD/%百分率
(percentage)/%
RSD/%
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.68±0.054 48.082.8±3.994.8
150.83±0.033 04.079.8±1.091.1
4000.75±0.045.479.3±0.811.0
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.90±0.090 510.183.1±2.903.5
150.88±0.044 25.081.5±3.384.1
4000.89±0.5055.781.1±5.466.7
海马(hippocampus )葛根素(puerarin)0.31.42±0.091 26.494.5±2.642.8
151.29±0.051 84.096.9±4.044.2
1601.01±0.049 84.799.8±1.451.5
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.92±0.087 79.596.3±8.268.6
150.88±0.060 46.995.4±5.305.6
1600.88±0.031 43.696.8±6.236.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739173675678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Recovery and precision verification data of puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
标示浓度
(marked concentration)/(ng·mL-1
实测浓度
(measured concentration)/(ng·mL-1
回收率
(recovery)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.259±0.00386.31.1
1514.08±0.27393.91.9
400395.2±7.40199.01.9
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.31±0.021103.36.7
1515.4±0.521102.73.4
400397.7±11.1299.42.8
海马(hippocampus)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.30±0.016100.04.8
1514.9±0.38799.32.6
160149.2±4.23293.02.8
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.31±0.021103.36.8
1514.0±0.77793.35.6
160153.2±6.95996.04.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739236590241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

血浆、海马中葛根素和淫羊藿苷回收率和精密度验证数据(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
成分
(component)
标示浓度
(marked concentration)/(ng·mL-1
实测浓度
(measured concentration)/(ng·mL-1
回收率
(recovery)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
血浆(plasma)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.259±0.00386.31.1
1514.08±0.27393.91.9
400395.2±7.40199.01.9
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.31±0.021103.36.7
1515.4±0.521102.73.4
400397.7±11.1299.42.8
海马(hippocampus)葛根素(puerarin)0.30.30±0.016100.04.8
1514.9±0.38799.32.6
160149.2±4.23293.02.8
淫羊藿苷(icariin)0.30.31±0.021103.36.8
1514.0±0.77793.35.6
160153.2±6.95996.04.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739320476324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The pharmacokinetic parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
(parameter)
血浆(plasma)海马(hippocampus)
葛根素(puerarin)淫羊藿苷(icarrin)葛根素(puerarin)淫羊藿苷(icarrin)
Tmax/h0.422.320.864.2
Cmax138.03 μg·mL-10.53 μg·mL-12.28 μg·g-10.35 μg·g-1
t1/2/h2.453.594.378.5
AUC0-12334.56 μg·mL-12.08 μg·mL-18.27 μg·g-11.53 μg·g-1
), ArticleFig(id=1240954739391779494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240945594341061396, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

药代动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
(parameter)
血浆(plasma)海马(hippocampus)
葛根素(puerarin)淫羊藿苷(icarrin)葛根素(puerarin)淫羊藿苷(icarrin)
Tmax/h0.422.320.864.2
Cmax138.03 μg·mL-10.53 μg·mL-12.28 μg·g-10.35 μg·g-1
t1/2/h2.453.594.378.5
AUC0-12334.56 μg·mL-12.08 μg·mL-18.27 μg·g-11.53 μg·g-1
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参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷小鼠体内动力学脑海马分布及其相关蛋白动态表达的相关性研究*
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王卫华 1, 2 , 雷帆 1 , 李成功 3 , 孙虹 4 , 胡时先 3 , 邢东明 1 , 任宾 3 , 郝娟 3 , 杜力军 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定+代谢分析 2024,44(11): 1909-1922
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药物分析杂志 | 生物检定+代谢分析 2024, 44(11): 1909-1922
参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷小鼠体内动力学脑海马分布及其相关蛋白动态表达的相关性研究*
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王卫华1, 2 , 雷帆1, 李成功3, 孙虹4, 胡时先3, 邢东明1, 任宾3, 郝娟3, 杜力军1, **
作者信息
  • 1.清华大学 生命科学学院,北京 100084
  • 2.清华大学 药学技术中心,北京 100084
  • 3.新疆华春生物药业股份有限公司药业研发中心,乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 4.中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 药用植物研究所,北京 100094
  • Tel:13683065406:E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:13810460205;E-mail:
Study on the pharmacokinetics and the correlation between distribution of puerarin-icariin and dynamic expression of proteins in mouse hippocampus after oral administration of Shenge Bushen capsules*
Wei-hua WANG1, 2 , Fan LEI1, Cheng-gong LI3, Hong SUN4, Shi-xian HU3, Dong-ming XING1, Bin REN3, Juan HAO3, Li-jun DU1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Life Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • 2.Center of Pharmaceutical Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • 3.Center of Pharmaceutical R&D,Xinjiang Huachun Pharmaceutical Company,Urumqi 830000,China
  • 4.Institute of Medicinal Plant and Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100094,China
出版时间: 2024-12-01 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0423
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目的:

研究参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷在小鼠血浆及脑内海马核团动力学和海马抑郁症相关蛋白表达的变化,探讨参葛补肾胶囊体内药代动力学变化及其与海马相关蛋白表达的相关性。

方法:

运用UPLC-MS/MS-ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500三重四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱方法,采用Waters ACQUITY HSS T3(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以0.05%甲酸水-含0.05%甲酸的乙腈甲醇溶液(1:1)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL·min-1,采用电喷雾离子源,在负离子模式下对正常小鼠灌胃后不同时间点的血浆及海马中葛根素、淫羊藿苷测试分析。用Western blot方法表达海马蛋白。

结果:

口服给药后血浆和海马均检测到葛根素和淫羊藿苷,其中血浆葛根素半衰期(t1/2)为2.45 h,淫羊藿苷t1/2为3.59 h;海马葛根素t1/2为4.37 h,淫羊藿苷t1/2为8.5 h。葛根素血浆浓度占给药量的27.3%,淫羊藿苷血浆浓度占给药量的1.34%。海马葛根素占吸收入血葛根素的2.47%,海马淫羊藿苷占吸收入血淫羊藿苷的73.56%。给药后海马神经元限制性沉默因子(NRSF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其下游原肌球蛋白相关激酶受体B(TrkB)、溶质载体转运体6a4(SLC6A4)、糖皮质激素受体(GR)、μ阿片受体(MOR)等蛋白表达出现不同程度的上调,其中淫羊藿苷与NRSF表达呈现明显负相关,葛根素与BDNF-TrkB、MOR表现出明显正相关,GR则无明显相关性。

结论:

小鼠口服参葛补肾胶囊后,葛根素和淫羊藿苷均能进吸收进入血液且分布于海马,淫羊藿苷较葛根素更易透过血脑屏障并在海马分布。海马相关蛋白表达与葛根素、淫羊藿苷浓度变化呈现一定的相关性,提示2个成分的作用靶点与这些蛋白有关。本研究为参葛补肾胶囊药代动力学及其抗抑郁作用的物质基础提供了重要的实验依据。

葛根素  /  淫羊藿苷  /  药代动力学  /  海马  /  蛋白表达  /  超高效液相色谱-质谱联用  /  参葛补肾胶囊  /  抗抑郁
Objective:

To study the dynamic changes of puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus of mice,to observe the changes of depression-related protein expression in hippocampus,and to explore the pharmacokinetic changes of Shenge Bushen capsules (SBC) and its correlation with the changes of hippocampus-related protein expression.

Methods:

Puerarin and icariin in plasma and hippocampus of normal mice were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS-ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500 triple quadrupole series linear ion trap mass spectrometry method using Waters Acquity HSS T3 (50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm) column with 0.05% formic acid water-acetonitrile-methanol (1:1) containing 0.05% formic acid as mobile phases gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1 and electrospray ion source under negative ion model. The proteins in hippocampus were expressed by Western blot assay.

Results:

Puerarin and icariin were detected in plasma and hippocampus after the oral administration,including plasma puerarin t1/2 2.45 h,icariin t1/2 3.59 h,hippocampus puerarin t1/2 4.37 h and icariin t1/2 8.5 h. The plasma concentration of puerarin accounts for 27.3% and that of icariin accounts for 1.34% of the dosage taken. Puerarin in hippocampus accounts for 2.47% of puerarin absorbed into blood,while icariin in hippocampus accounts for 73.56% of icariin absorbed into blood. The expressions of restrictive silencing factor (NRSF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream protein tyrosine kinase B (TrkB),solute carrier transporter 6a4 (SLC6A4),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and μ opioid receptor (MOR) in hippocampus were all up-regulated after SBC administration,in which icariin was negatively correlated with NRSF expression,puerarin was positively correlated with BDNF-TrkB and MOR,and GR had no obvious correlation with the proteins.

Conclusions:

Puerarin and icariin can be absorbed into the blood and distributed in the hippocampus after oral administration of SBC in mice. Icariin was easier to pass through the blood-brain barrier and distribute in the hippocampus than puerarin. The expression of hippocampus-related proteins was related to the changes of puerarin and icariin concentrations,suggesting that the targets of the two components as well as SBC were related to these proteins. This study provides an important experimental basis for the pharmacokinetic study of SBC and also provides a material basis of its antidepressant effect.

puerarin  /  icariin  /  pharmacokinetics  /  hippocampus  /  protein expression  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  Shenge Bushen capsules  /  antidepression
王卫华, 雷帆, 李成功, 孙虹, 胡时先, 邢东明, 任宾, 郝娟, 杜力军. 参葛补肾胶囊中葛根素和淫羊藿苷小鼠体内动力学脑海马分布及其相关蛋白动态表达的相关性研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (11) : 1909 -1922 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0423
Wei-hua WANG, Fan LEI, Cheng-gong LI, Hong SUN, Shi-xian HU, Dong-ming XING, Bin REN, Juan HAO, Li-jun DU. Study on the pharmacokinetics and the correlation between distribution of puerarin-icariin and dynamic expression of proteins in mouse hippocampus after oral administration of Shenge Bushen capsules*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (11) : 1909 -1922 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0423
抑郁症是现代社会的一大类神经精神类疾病[1-2],其发病机制虽尚未完全清晰,但是脑神经核团海马是精神类功能活动的重要神经核团,其中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的改变是其主要的发病机制之一[3-5]。目前上巿的抗抑郁药中,许多都是通过提高突触间隙5-HT浓度而起作用的靶向药物[6-7]。此外,神经元功能变化及其神经突触可塑性的改变,也能够引起脑功能尤其是海马功能的变化[8],慢性应激则通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴及其糖皮质激素(GC)影响海马神经元的GC受体,进而影响海马神经元的可塑性,出现抑郁症,因此,对于慢性应激影响这些神经元功能调控因子的研究也逐渐被人们所重视[9-10]
参葛补肾胶囊是新获批上巿的中药1.1类新药,主治轻中度抑郁症,主要由太子参多糖、葛根淫羊藿总黄酮等组成,葛根素和淫羊藿苷是其主要活性成分及质量控制成分。前期研究表明,该药具有明显的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制主要通过调控NRSF/NRSE(限制性神经抑制因子结合元件)元件,上调TPH2(色氨酸羟化酶2)表达,进而升高脑内5-HT,最终防治抑郁症[11]。但是,参葛补肾胶囊口服后体内动力学过程及其脑内分布尚不太清楚,为更好地了解该药的体内过程,本文选择其主要成分葛根素和淫羊藿苷,对小鼠灌胃后体内动力学以及脑海马分布等变化进行研究。
研究表明,葛根素对脑缺血再灌损伤有较好的保护作用[12],临床用其静脉注射液治疗脑梗死病症[13],对于实验性大鼠脑缺血损伤所并发的卒中后抑郁均有较好的保护作用[14],同时对于不可控因素所诱导的实验性大鼠抑郁样行为也有一定的改善作用[15],其作用机制与抑制炎性因子[16]、上调BDNF表达[17]及调节肠道菌群代谢[18]等有关;淫羊藿苷对多种因素诱导的实验性抑郁样行为动物模型均有明显的调控作用,其作用机制与抗炎抗凋亡[19-20]、上调脑内单胺类递质[21]、上调BDNF-TrkB信号转导通路[22-23]和磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)-蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号转导通路[24]、促进海马神经元生成[25]等有关。可见,葛根素和淫羊藿苷均具有明确的抗抑郁活性。
此外,葛根素(80 mg·kg-1)小鼠腹腔注射后,利用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法检测发现,葛根素可以分布在脑皮质、海马和纹状体,提示其脑功能作用的物质基础[26]。成年男性健康志愿者口服葛根提取物(2.56 g),血中葛根素达峰时间(Tmax)为1.18 h,半衰期(t1/2)为4.48 h[27]。大鼠灌胃葛根素(100 mg·kg-1)后Tmax为1.46 h,t1/2为1.60 h。与含等量葛根素的葛根黄酮提取物相比,提取物更能提高葛根素的生物利用度[28]。P-糖蛋白可能是葛根素肠道吸收的逆转运体,影响其吸收[29]。但是,体外MDCK(狗肾细胞系)细胞模型血脑屏障实验表明,葛根素经被动扩散透过血脑屏障,它不是P-糖蛋白的底物,给药后无明显外排现象,冰片和芍药苷对促进葛根素透过血脑屏障有促进作用[30],冰片可以通过腺苷受体促进葛根素通过血脑屏障[31]
给小鼠静脉注射淫羊藿苷(15 mg·kg-1),血中可检测到原型物;灌胃淫羊藿苷,血中只能检测到其代谢物淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ (icariside Ⅱ)[32]。有报道大鼠连续7 d灌胃淫羊藿苷(50 mg·kg-1·d),最后1次给药后0.17 h,血中即可检测到淫羊藿苷,Tmax为1 h,t1/2为1.68 h[33]。大鼠灌胃淫羊藿苷,分布相半衰期(t1/2α)为11 min,消除相半衰期(t1/2β)为51.35 min,并在脑中有分布[34]。大鼠灌胃淫羊藿总黄酮(0.69 g·kg-1),血浆淫羊藿苷t1/2为3.149 h,同时0.25 h脑内即可检测到淫羊藿苷,Tmax为0.5 h,雄性大鼠脑内分布多于雌性大鼠[35]。大鼠灌胃淫羊藿苷元(10 mg·kg-1),血浆Tmax为0.292 h,t1/2为0.812 h,并能在脑内分布[36]。淫羊藿苷元口服通过被动扩散和主动转运2种机制吸收,其中被动扩散能力弱,主动转运包括外排转运蛋白BCRP(乳腺癌耐药蛋白)的外排和摄入转运蛋白OATP2B1(有机阴离子转运多肽2B1)共同介导,且对肠道外排转运蛋白无诱导表达功能[37]。由此可见,无论是淫羊藿苷,还是总黄酮提取物,灌胃后均可以在血及脑内测到淫羊藿苷。
基于以上报道,本文对参葛补肾胶囊给小鼠灌胃后血中葛根素和淫羊藿苷的动力学变化、海马分布,以及海马NRSF、BDNF、SLC6A4等与抑郁相关功能蛋白表达进行了研究,为探讨参葛补肾胶囊药物代谢动力学及其抗抑郁作用的机制提供参考。
二月龄雄性ICR小鼠,体质量(22.41±0.18)g,北京大学医学部(实验动物科学部),合格证号SCXK(京)2019-0010。实验小鼠饲养于清华大学实验动物中心,12 h/12 h固定明暗周期,相对湿度50%±5%,温度(22±2)℃。实验方案经清华大学实验动物伦理委员会审定(23-XDMI-230308)。
参葛补肾胶囊(批号21002,规格为每粒0.32 g,其中每粒含葛根素21.9 mg、淫羊藿苷2.8 mg),由新疆华春生物药业股份有限公司提供,用时以蒸馏水配制成相应浓度。葛根素(批号752-200108)、淫羊藿苷(批号0737-9910)的对照品均购自中国食品药品检定研究院;内标尼莫地平(货号6608-59-4)购自Sigma-Aldrich上海分公司。NRSF一抗(货号BS2590R)购自北京博奥森生物技术公司;SLC6a4(货号YT6176)一抗购自ImmunoWay苏州生物科技分公司;MOR(货号ab134054)、BDNF(货号ab108319)、TrkB(货号ab187041)、GR(货号ab183127)等一抗均购自Abcam上海分公司;β-actin(β-肌动蛋白)(货号SC-4778)购自北京Santa Cruz科技公司。用于二抗的羊抗鼠IgG-HRP(货号A0216)和羊抗兔IgG-HRP(货号80931120)试剂均购自北京中杉金桥生物公司。RIPA(放射免疫沉淀法)蛋白裂解液(货号P0013D)和超敏发光液均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司,二氟乙酰膜(PVDF)购自墨西哥BioTrace生物公司。甲醇、乙腈和甲酸均为色谱纯,购自Thermo Fisher Scientific上海分公司。
Bio-Rad电泳仪和转膜仪(BioRad公司),FR凝胶成像仪(上海复日科技有限公司),Eppendorf低温高速离心机(Eppendorf公司);OSE-PRO(0~100 ℃)金属浴(北京天根生化科技公司);UPLC-MS/MS(配有ABSCIEX Exion LC AD)超高效液相色谱及ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500三重四极杆串联线性离子阱质谱(SCIEX公司)。
取小鼠血浆(300 μL·只-1),加入甲醇1.2 mL,涡旋震荡30 s后超声(800 W,50 Hz)30 min,12 500 r·min-1(4 ℃)离心10 min,取上清置于金属浴45 ℃挥干,即得血浆样品,备用。分别称取小鼠脑海马组织(50 mg·只-1),于-80 ℃冻存以备蛋白表达所用,其余的进行合并(由于海马组织较少,故以组为单位进行合并)后,称量,将其置于玻璃匀浆器内,每样加入4倍(w/v)甲醇,同时加入内标,匀浆,将匀浆液置于离心管内,12 500 r·min-1 (4 ℃)离心10 min,取上清,沉淀部分再用相同体积的甲醇匀浆,离心(条件同前),取上清并与前次上清合并,置金属浴45 ℃挥干甲醇,即得海马样品,备测。
血浆样品加入50%甲醇溶液60 μL,海马样品加入50%甲醇溶液100 μL,分别涡旋3 min后,800 W,50 Hz超声10 min,取上清于离心管内,将离心管置于离心机,13 000 r·min-1(4 ℃)离心10 min,定量吸取上清液(每份血浆样品加甲醇45 μL,每份海马样品加甲醇65 μL)放入干净的样品瓶中进行检测。
采用Waters ACQUITY HSS T3(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,流动相A为含有0.05%的乙腈甲醇溶液(1:1),流动相B为含有0.05%甲酸的水溶液,梯度洗脱(0~3 min,20%A→60%A;3~5 min,60%A→100%A;5~7 min,100%A→100%A;7~10 min,100%A→20%A),流速0.2 mL·min-1,进样体积5 μL,柱温40 ℃,自动进样器温度10 ℃。
电喷雾离子源(ESI),根据化合物采用负离子模式,多反应监测总离子流(MRM),离子源温度500 ℃,气帘气207 kPa,碰撞气(CAD)为9 V,离子电压为-4 500 V,喷雾气和辅助加热气分别为379 kPa。质谱参数见表1。质谱数据采用Analyst Software 1.6.3软件进行化合物采集,采用SCIEX OS1.6.1软件(SCIEX公司)进行定量数据分析。
对葛根素和淫羊藿苷的一级和二级质谱进行检测的结果表明(图1),葛根素母离子m/z为415.2,碎片离子m/z为295.1;淫羊藿苷母离子m/z为675.3,碎片离子m/z为513.2;内标尼莫地平母离子m/z为417.3,碎片离子m/z为122.1。葛根素对照品和血浆样品在相同保留时间出现检测峰,血浆空白样品无干扰峰(图2-A),淫羊藿苷对照品和血浆样品在相同保留时间出现检测峰,空白对照则无干扰峰(图2-B)。在相同保留时间内,葛根素对照品和海马样品均出现检测峰,空白对照则无干扰峰(图3-A);淫羊藿苷对照品和海马样品均在相同保留时间出现检测峰,空白对照无干扰峰(图3-B)。
分别取空白血浆样品和空白海马样品,加入葛根素、淫羊藿苷和内标对照品,使空白血浆样品中葛根素终质量浓度为1、2、5、10、20、50、200、500 ng·mL-1,空白海马样品中葛根素终质量浓度为1、2、5、10、20、50、100 ng·mL-1,空白血浆样品中淫羊藿苷终质量浓度为1、2、5、10、20、50、100、200 ng·mL-1,空白海马样品中淫羊藿苷终质量浓度为1、2、10、20、50、100、200、500 ng·mL-1,内标对照品终质量浓度为5 ng·mL-1。按照“2.2”项下方法进行样品处理并定容,采用内标法定量检测。以所测化合物的峰面积与内标峰面积比值为纵坐标,浓度与内标浓度的比值为横坐标,进行加权线性回归。取进样量10倍信噪比的比值为定量限(LOQ),结果见表2
参考文献[38],血浆取0.3、15、400 ng·mL-1,海马取0.3、15、160 ng·mL-1,对该药血药浓度及其海马组织分布检测的相关方法学进行考察。
分别取空白血浆和海马组织,按“2.1”项下方法进行样品处理,进样,测定并计算基质样品中待测物和内标峰面积与对照溶液中相应峰面积的比值,分别得到测试物和内标的基质因子,进一步计算得到内标归一化的基质因子[峰面积比值(含基质)/平均峰面积比值(无基质)]。取空白血浆和海马组织样品,加入定量对照品,同法处理样品后测试,计算提取回收率。每个浓度样品连续测定6次,计算均数和标准差,进一步计算相对误差,确定精密度。稳定性考察则是在精密度考察基础上,分别测试低温溶化后24 h样品含量变化及其相对误差。葛根素和淫羊藿苷在小鼠血浆及海马等生物样品中的基质效应和提取回收率见表3,准确度(回收率)和精密度结果见表4
取小鼠随机分为8组,每组5只,每组为一个采样时间点,分别为空白对照组(标为给药0 h)和给药后0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12 h采样组。灌胃给药,剂量为800 mg·kg-1,体积为20 mL·kg-1。于给药后不同时间在小鼠眼眶静脉丛采血(1%肝素抗凝),11 000 r·min-1离心10 min分离血浆,冻存备用。同时分离各小鼠脑海马核团,-80 ℃冻存备用。药代动力学参数拟合用3P87软件(中国药理学会)处理。
图4可见,口服给药后小鼠血浆葛根素在1 h达峰,淫羊藿苷则在给药后2 h达峰。随后2个成分血药浓度下降,葛根素在给药后8 h血药浓度降到最低值;淫羊藿苷在给药后6 h血药浓度降到最低值,随后反弹上升,至给药后12 h(图4-A)。小鼠脑海马测试结果表明,口服给药后30 min,海马中葛根素即达到峰值,随后持续下降,至给药后8 h降至最低;海马中淫羊藿苷则在给药后4 h升至峰值,随后下降,但略有反弹(图4-B)。对测试结果进行药代动力学数据处理并得相关参数(表5)。表5中计算的药物代谢参数显示:血浆葛根素t1/2为2.45 h,明显快于血浆淫羊藿苷(t1/2 为3.59 h);海马葛根素t1/2为4.37 h,慢于血浆葛根素;海马淫羊藿苷t1/2为8.5 h,明显慢于血浆淫羊藿苷。提示脑内的代谢速率要慢于血浆。以血浆葛根素浓度为横坐标,血浆淫羊藿苷浓度为纵坐标进行相关性分析,其相关系数r=0.260 1(P=0.197),即二者血药浓度变化没有明显相关性(图5)。
参考文献[39-40],采用Western blot方法对海马中NRSF、BDNF、TrkB、GR、SLC6a4等蛋白进行表达。称取海马组织50 mg,加入RIPA蛋白裂解液(pH 6.8)0.8 mL,匀浆,加入5×载样缓冲液(pH 8.8)0.2 mL,摇匀,100 ℃水浴20 min使蛋白凝固,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清冻存备用。将各组蛋白样品(上样量5 μL)加入10%蛋白电泳凝胶孔中,在SDS-PAGE缓冲液(pH 8.3)条件下电泳(恒压160 V,60 min)使蛋白分离,取电泳后的凝胶进行PVDF转膜(20 V,40 min),取己转运好的PVDF膜以含5%蛋白磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.4)封闭4 ℃过夜,继之以所测蛋白一抗封膜4 ℃过夜,取膜以TPBS(1% Tween20磷酸缓冲液,pH 7.4)洗膜3次(每次5 min),继以二抗封膜室温2 h后,以TPBS洗膜3次(每次5 min),最后以超敏发光液进行标记,在凝胶成像仪中对发光蛋白条带进行成像,并对成像蛋白条带进行面积积分,以积分值与内参β-actin成像积分值计算比值(目的蛋白条带积分值/β-actin蛋白条带积分值)并做统计学分析。蛋白条带灰度积分用Quality One软件(BioRad公司)处理。相关性分析用Microsoft Office 2013 Excel软件(微软公司)处理。其他所得数据经GraphPad Prism 8.0软件(GraphPad公司)统计处理并作图,蛋白表达采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)及t检验。所得数据以均数±标准差()表示,以P<0.05为有显著性统计学意义。
为了实时动态观察海马的葛根素和淫羊藿苷与海马功能的相关性,表达了海马的有关脑功能的蛋白。结果表明,给药后不同时间检测的6个相关功能蛋白均有不同程度的变化,其中,NRSF在给药后4 h表达明显下调,并一直持续到12 h;BDNF及其下游蛋白TrkB均在给药后1 h表达明显上调,TrkB还持续到6 h;与儿茶酚胺类神经递质如5-HT转运相关的SLC6a4在给药后30 min即表达上调,并持续到2 h;GR则在给药后1 h表达明显下调,并在6~12 h持续表达下调;MOR在给药后30 min表达明显上调,1 h表达上调最强,之后下降(图6)。
为了进一步分析葛根素和淫羊藿苷与海马蛋白表达的相关性,对2个成分浓度变化与蛋白表达的经时关系进行了分析。葛根素与各蛋白表达具有一定的相关性,其中相关性较高的有BDNF、SLC6a4和MOR等,r分别为0.732(P=0.039)、0.778(P=0.023)、0.782(P=0.022)等。与NRSF、TrkB和GR表达的r较低,分别为0.501、0.522和0.011(P>0.05)(图7)。淫羊藿苷与NRSF表达变化的r为-0.438(P<0.05),与BDNF、TrkB、SLC6a4、GR、MOR等蛋白表达变化的r分别为0.272、0.055、-0.075、-0.138(P>0.05)(图8),表明淫羊藿苷与这些蛋白表达变化之间没有明显相关性。己知NRSF是TPH2基因启动区的负性调控因子的结合蛋白,其表达对于TPH2的基因表达呈抑制作用,淫羊藿苷与NRSF表达呈负相关,即随着淫羊藿苷浓度的升高则NRSF表达下调,提示淫羊藿苷是NRSF下调的主要活性成分。前期工作显示淫羊藿苷体外试验中可以直接下调神经细胞NRSF蛋白表达,也可以以此印证[11]
本研究发现参葛补肾胶囊主要成分葛根素和淫羊藿苷口服后可以吸收入血并在海马神经核团分布,为该药的抗抑郁作用奠定了物质基础。除此之外,与葛根素相比,淫羊藿苷尽管入血率较低,但是由血到海马的过程呈现出一定的富集现象,即口服吸收入血成分大部分都分布到了海马。2个活性成分对于海马与脑神经元及其5-HT递质的相关蛋白表达呈现一定的相关性,提示2个成分对海马神经元具有调控作用。
己知参葛补肾胶囊(320 mg·粒-1)中含葛根素21.9 mg,淫羊藿苷2.8 mg,则葛根素含量占比为6.84%,淫羊藿苷含量占比为0.875%。本文中小鼠给药量为800 mg·kg-1(药效学大剂量[11]),小鼠平均体质量22.41 g,因此,每只小鼠实际口服参葛补肾胶囊17.93 mg,其中葛根素1.227 mg,淫羊藿苷0.156 8 mg。如以此实际给药量为准,对血浆药物浓度和海马药物浓度进一步分析发现,葛根素吸收速率为328.64 (μg·mL-1)·h-1Cmax/Tmax),其血浆浓度占给药量的27.3%(血浆葛根素AUC 334.56 μg·mL-1/葛根素实际给药量1 227 μg);淫羊藿苷吸收速率为0.228 (μg·mL-1)·h-1Cmax/Tmax),其血浆浓度占给药量的1.34%(血浆淫羊藿苷AUC 2.08 μg·mL-1/淫羊藿苷实际给药量156.8 μg)。无论是吸收速率,还是进入血液百分率,葛根素均明显高于淫羊藿苷。
血浆葛根素AUC为334.56 μg·mL-1,海马葛根素AUC为8.27 μg·g-1,海马葛根素占吸收入血的2.47% (8.27/334.56);血浆淫羊藿苷AUC为2.08 μg·mL-1,海马淫羊藿苷AUC为1.53 μg·g-1,海马淫羊藿苷占吸收入血的73.56%(1.53/2.08)。提示在由血入脑的过程中,淫羊藿苷入脑量明显高于葛根素,表明淫羊藿苷较易通过血脑屏障且主要分布于脑,由此在一定程度上弥补了胃肠吸收入血量偏低的不足。
NRSF为限制性神经抑制因子,其结合于基因转录区的NRSE对基因转录起抑制作用[41-44]。参葛补肾胶囊可以下调抑郁小鼠海马NRSF的表达,从而减少其对于5-HT生成限速酶TPH2基因转录的抑制,最终升高脑内5-HT含量[11]。本工作显示海马淫羊藿苷含量与NRSF表达呈现负相关性,即随着海马淫羊藿苷的升高,NRSF表达下调,提示淫羊藿苷是下调NRSF的主要成分。
BDNF-TrkB信号通路对神经元表现出多方面的作用,该通路可以激活下游MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)、PI3K和PLC(磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C)等通路,产生增强神经细胞突触可塑性、细胞生存和增殖等作用,从而维持神经元的正常生理活性[45-48]。因此,该信号通路在多种神经精神类疾病中扮演重要的角色[49-50]。小鼠口服参葛补肾胶囊后,海马葛根素含量与BDNF和TrkB表达呈正相关性,即随着葛根素浓度的升高,BDNF和TrkB表达也明显上调,提示葛根素是2种蛋白表达的主要活性成分。有文献报道葛根素可以调节高糖合并抑郁样行为小鼠海马GLP-1R(胰高血糖素样肽-1受体)/BDNF/TrkB信号传导,是为佐证[51]
细胞膜表达一类超家族膜蛋白溶质载体蛋白(solute carrier,SLC),该类蛋白对于体内一些介质的膜转运和膜稳定等起着重要的作用[52]。其中SLC6a4主要转运神经递质5-HT,因此在抑郁症中SLC6a4的高表达将有助于突触间5-HT转运,维持神经细胞的正常功能[53-54]。口服参葛补肾胶囊后,小鼠海马SLC6a4表达上调,且这种表达上调的动态变化与葛根素的变化呈正相关性,提示葛根素是SLC6a4表达上调的主要活性成分。
GR蛋白表达于胞浆内,与GC结合并定位于多种基因的转录区,从而调控这些基因转录和蛋白表达[55-57]。慢性应激(例如创伤性应激障碍)可使HPA轴激活,海马糖皮质激素升高,负反馈性地下调了海马神经元的相关GR表达,从而使得GR后信号转导系统功能受到影响,导致神经元可塑性发生变化,从而影响突触间神经递质传递,影响到神经回路间信息沟通与传导,最终影响神经精神功能活性,产生抑郁症等精神障碍[58]。小鼠口服参葛补肾胶囊后海马GR表达呈现波动性,且与葛根素和淫羊藿苷未表现出明显的相关性,提示该药抗抑郁不是通过GR而起作用。
阿片受体主要由μ、κ、δ 3种亚型组成,其中μ亚型(MOR)是重要的阿片受体[59]。一般来说,MOR主要介导细胞膜性阳离子,影响神经细胞的兴奋性,从而产生因兴奋性升高所出现的各种神经精神方面的作用[60]。近年来的研究表明,MOR还能介导神经细胞增殖和生存等作用,激活神经回路及其网络调控,提高神经突触间联系,对于因抑郁所引起的神经兴奋性降低有一定的调控作用[61-62]。小鼠口服参葛补肾胶囊0.5 h后,海马MOR表达明显上调,且持续至给药后4 h。这一作用与海马葛根素浓度的变化呈明显正相关性,提示葛根素对MOR表达有一定调控作用。
如何表征中药复方药代动力学(简称中药复方药代)是一个需要不断探讨的问题。目前对中药复方药代研究都是将所测试成分进行直接表征,而不是对所测成分进行综合分析后,再对中药复方的药代动力学行为进行表征,如此一来,中药复方药代无异于单体成分的药代动力学。诚然,中药复方药代研究存在着一个测试多少成分、以及根据所测成分如何表征整体复方体内药代动力学行为的问题。中药复方的成分复杂,不可能对其中每个成分进行检测,因此就存在着测1个成分与测n个成分的选择的问题[63-64]。即在测几个成分的前提下,能够在多大程度上反映受试中药复方的整体的体内过程。其实,中药复方药代测试指标的选择与中药的质量控制指标的选择原则上是一致的,即基于这样一个假设前提:即所测试的成分与复方中的其他成分含量的变化存在着正相关性,如此,这种以有限指标进行测试才有实际意义。因此,中药复方药代研究所选择的测试指标至少应该与质量控制指标一致,在此基础上再根据实际情况增加可测试成分。本文选取的葛根素和淫羊藿苷均是参葛补肾胶囊中的质量控制指标,分别代表葛根和淫羊藿。结果表明,将2个成分的血浆浓度进行相关性分析,其相关系数较低(r=0.481,P>0.05),提示2个成分体内过程不完全相同。因此,在表征参葛补肾胶囊药代动力学特征时不能以单一成分或者各成分的简单加和进行表述,应以多个所测成分的变化区间进行表述,而且所表述的指标尽量用相对值(例如达峰时间,半衰期等)。结果参葛补肾胶囊体内药物Tmax应在0.42~2.32 h,t1/2在2.45~3.59 h。
综上所述,参葛补肾胶囊小鼠口服后,葛根素和淫羊藿苷都能被吸收入血且分布于海马,其中淫羊藿苷由血入海马呈现一定的富集现象。海马NRSF表达下调,SLC6a4表达升高,两者共同维持神经细胞5-HT浓度,从而起到抗抑郁作用;此外,BDNF-TrkB和MOR表达上调,有助于神经元维持生理功能。上述蛋白表达中,淫羊藿苷与NRSF呈负相关性,葛根素则与其他蛋白表达呈正相关性,提示2个成分为参葛补肾胶囊的主要活性成分。本实验只是做了初步的研究,2个活性成分对靶蛋白的作用尚需要更多的实验进行确证。
  • *国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09731020)
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2024年第44卷第11期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0423
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-12-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
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*国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2018ZX09731020)
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    1.清华大学 生命科学学院,北京 100084
    2.清华大学 药学技术中心,北京 100084
    3.新疆华春生物药业股份有限公司药业研发中心,乌鲁木齐 830000
    4.中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院 药用植物研究所,北京 100094

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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