Article(id=1240709663361126577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240709662501294254, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1281, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731686400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773737835016, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1743350400000, pubDateStr=2025-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773737835016, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773737835016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773737835016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240709662501294254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='361', pageEnd='542', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773737834810, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773737909503, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240709975845163177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240709662501294254, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240709975845163178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240709662501294254, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=537, endPage=542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240709663671505077, articleId=1240709663361126577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on taste masking of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules based on electronic tongue technology*, columnId=1239184758157136465, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Process Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the improvement in bitter taste of ambroxol hydrochloride by the corrective materials and weight gain of the taste-masking layer, and to establish an objective and scientific taste evaluation method. Methods: The taste-masking effects of corrective materials and taste-masking layer weighting were evaluated using electronic tongue technology, and the palatability between ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules and 15 marketed preparations of ambroxol hydrochloride were compared. The electronic tongue datas were subjected to principal component analysis and loadings analysis. Results: The corrective materials were able to mask the bitter taste of ambroxol hydrochloride. The bitter value of the sample solution of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules decreased as the masking layer gained weight. In terms of bitterness and sweetness, ambroxol hydrochloride oral direct granules had a clear advantage over 15 marketed formulations. Conclusion: Using the electronic tongue technology, the taste correction effect and the taste difference between different samples can be accurately assessed,and an evaluation method for the bitter taste masking effect of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules has been established, which provides new ideas and methods for the taste masking study of oral preparations for children.

, correspAuthors=Li-ju YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meng LIU, Na ZHANG, Hui XU, Li-ping SHEN, Guang-hui ZHU, Hua CHEN, Li-ju YU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240709664229347515, articleId=1240709663361126577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基于电子舌技术的盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒掩味研究*, columnId=1239184759260238473, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=过程控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:研究矫味物料和掩味层增重对盐酸氨溴索苦味的改善效果,建立客观、科学的口感评价方法。方法:采用电子舌技术,对矫味物料和掩味层增重的掩味效果进行评价,并对比盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒与15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂的适口性;对电子舌数据进行主成分分析和载荷分析。结果:矫味物料能够掩盖盐酸氨溴索本身的苦味;随着掩味层增重变大盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒样品溶液的苦味值降低;在苦味与甜味方面,盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒相较于15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂具有明显的优势。结论:利用电子舌技术,能够精准评估矫味效果及不同样品之间的味觉差异,建立了盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒苦味掩盖效果的评价方法,为儿童口服制剂的掩味研究提供新的思路和方法。

, correspAuthors=庾莉菊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(010)53851601;E-mail:
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Composition of different samples

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编号
(No.)
盐酸氨溴索浓度
(concentration of ambroxol hydrochloride)/(mg · mL-1
甜味剂浓度
(sweetener concentration)/(mg · mL-1
香精浓度
(flavor concentration)/(mg · mL-1
A1000
A20.037 500
A30.187 500
A41.87500
A50.037 51.554 50.050 9
A60.187 57.777 30.254 6
A71.87577.772 52.546 3
), ArticleFig(id=1240722374685938186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240709663361126577, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同样品的组成成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
盐酸氨溴索浓度
(concentration of ambroxol hydrochloride)/(mg · mL-1
甜味剂浓度
(sweetener concentration)/(mg · mL-1
香精浓度
(flavor concentration)/(mg · mL-1
A1000
A20.037 500
A30.187 500
A41.87500
A50.037 51.554 50.050 9
A60.187 57.777 30.254 6
A71.87577.772 52.546 3
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Information on formulations of ambroxol hydrochloride with different masked flavor layers for weight gain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
样品名称
(sample name)
盐酸氨溴索目标浓度
(target concentration of ambroxol hydrochloride)/(mg · mL-1
掩味层增量
(flavor-masking layer for weight gain)/%
B1参比溶液
(reference solution)
0——
B2盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87510
B3盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87520
B4盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87530
), ArticleFig(id=1240722374874681876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240709663361126577, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同掩味层增重的盐酸氨溴索制剂信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
样品名称
(sample name)
盐酸氨溴索目标浓度
(target concentration of ambroxol hydrochloride)/(mg · mL-1
掩味层增量
(flavor-masking layer for weight gain)/%
B1参比溶液
(reference solution)
0——
B2盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87510
B3盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87520
B4盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液
(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)
1.87530
), ArticleFig(id=1240722375000510999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240709663361126577, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Information on ambroxol hydrochloride formulations from different manufacturers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
制剂名称
(formulation)
样品浓度
(sample concentration)
制剂规格
(specification)
C01盐酸氨溴索分散片溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride dispersible tablet solution)0.530 mg
C02盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C03盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C04盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C05盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)35 ml:15 mg
C06盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)31 mL:3 mg
C07盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C08盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)310 mL:30 mg
C09盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C10盐酸氨溴索糖浆(ambroxol hydrochloride syrup)360 mL:0.36 g;100 mL:0.6 g
C11盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)30.30%
C12盐酸氨溴索颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride granule solution)0.2515 mg
C13盐酸氨溴索滴剂溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride drop solution)350 mL:0.75 g
C14盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)60.60%
C15盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)30.30%
X0101盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
X0102盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
X0103盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
), ArticleFig(id=1240722375122145824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240709663361126577, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同厂家的盐酸氨溴索制剂信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
制剂名称
(formulation)
样品浓度
(sample concentration)
制剂规格
(specification)
C01盐酸氨溴索分散片溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride dispersible tablet solution)0.530 mg
C02盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C03盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C04盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C05盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)35 ml:15 mg
C06盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)31 mL:3 mg
C07盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C08盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)310 mL:30 mg
C09盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)3100 mL:0.3 g
C10盐酸氨溴索糖浆(ambroxol hydrochloride syrup)360 mL:0.36 g;100 mL:0.6 g
C11盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)30.30%
C12盐酸氨溴索颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride granule solution)0.2515 mg
C13盐酸氨溴索滴剂溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride drop solution)350 mL:0.75 g
C14盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)60.60%
C15盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride oral solution)30.30%
X0101盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
X0102盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
X0103盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液(ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granule solution)1.87515 mg
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基于电子舌技术的盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒掩味研究*
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刘萌 1, 2 , 张娜 2 , 许卉 1 , 沈丽萍 3 , 朱广辉 3 , 陈华 2 , 庾莉菊 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 过程控制 2025,45(3): 537-542
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药物分析杂志 | 过程控制 2025, 45(3): 537-542
基于电子舌技术的盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒掩味研究*
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刘萌1, 2 , 张娜2, 许卉1, 沈丽萍3, 朱广辉3, 陈华2, 庾莉菊2, **
作者信息
  • 1.烟台大学 药学院,烟台 264005
  • 2.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
  • 3.北京科信必成医药科技发展有限公司,北京 100083
  • Tel:18009374339;E-mail:

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**Tel:(010)53851601;E-mail:
Study on taste masking of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules based on electronic tongue technology*
Meng LIU1, 2 , Na ZHANG2, Hui XU1, Li-ping SHEN3, Guang-hui ZHU3, Hua CHEN2, Li-ju YU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
  • 2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629, China
  • 3. Beijing CoSci Med-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-03-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1281
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目的:研究矫味物料和掩味层增重对盐酸氨溴索苦味的改善效果,建立客观、科学的口感评价方法。方法:采用电子舌技术,对矫味物料和掩味层增重的掩味效果进行评价,并对比盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒与15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂的适口性;对电子舌数据进行主成分分析和载荷分析。结果:矫味物料能够掩盖盐酸氨溴索本身的苦味;随着掩味层增重变大盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒样品溶液的苦味值降低;在苦味与甜味方面,盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒相较于15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂具有明显的优势。结论:利用电子舌技术,能够精准评估矫味效果及不同样品之间的味觉差异,建立了盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒苦味掩盖效果的评价方法,为儿童口服制剂的掩味研究提供新的思路和方法。

盐酸氨溴索  /  直服颗粒  /  电子舌  /  掩味  /  主成分分析

Objective: To investigate the improvement in bitter taste of ambroxol hydrochloride by the corrective materials and weight gain of the taste-masking layer, and to establish an objective and scientific taste evaluation method. Methods: The taste-masking effects of corrective materials and taste-masking layer weighting were evaluated using electronic tongue technology, and the palatability between ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules and 15 marketed preparations of ambroxol hydrochloride were compared. The electronic tongue datas were subjected to principal component analysis and loadings analysis. Results: The corrective materials were able to mask the bitter taste of ambroxol hydrochloride. The bitter value of the sample solution of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules decreased as the masking layer gained weight. In terms of bitterness and sweetness, ambroxol hydrochloride oral direct granules had a clear advantage over 15 marketed formulations. Conclusion: Using the electronic tongue technology, the taste correction effect and the taste difference between different samples can be accurately assessed,and an evaluation method for the bitter taste masking effect of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules has been established, which provides new ideas and methods for the taste masking study of oral preparations for children.

ambroxol hydrochloride  /  direct oral granules  /  electronic tongue  /  taste-masking  /  principal component analysis
刘萌, 张娜, 许卉, 沈丽萍, 朱广辉, 陈华, 庾莉菊. 基于电子舌技术的盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒掩味研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (3) : 537 -542 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1281
Meng LIU, Na ZHANG, Hui XU, Li-ping SHEN, Guang-hui ZHU, Hua CHEN, Li-ju YU. Study on taste masking of ambroxol hydrochloride direct oral granules based on electronic tongue technology*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (3) : 537 -542 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1281
盐酸氨溴索(ambroxol hydrochloride)是一种黏痰溶解剂及肺表面活性物质合成促进剂,主要用于治疗急、慢性呼吸道疾病引起的痰液黏稠、咳痰困难等[1]。盐酸氨溴索因本身具有苦味,极大地限制了其在儿童剂型开发及临床上的应用[2]。因此,如何改善药物的苦味成为了药物研发过程中亟待解决的问题。
目前国内上市的盐酸氨溴索口服制剂主要包括口服溶液、片剂、颗粒剂、滴剂和糖浆等。然而,这些制剂未能有效掩盖药物的苦味,导致患者在服用后仍然会感受到明显的不良味道,进而产生厌烦感。此外,对于颗粒剂而言,高含糖量易导致吸潮和结块,造成药效降低,且其保存时间受到限制,减少了实际应用价值。为了解决上述问题,研究人员开发了盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒,这种改良型制剂的载药微丸由内至外依次是载药丸芯、隔离层和掩味层,且载药微丸的外部混合了矫味剂和顺滑剂,能够使患者在服用时无需饮水即可轻松吞咽,尝试改善儿童用药的依从性[2]。结合本品的剂型特点和目标使用人群,研发中面临着如何客观评价其口感的难题。
在儿童口服制剂的研发过程中,口感评价至关重要。口感评价方法有动物偏好实验、口尝法、电子舌等[3]。传统的动物偏好实验、口尝法虽各有特点,但存在明显的局限性。动物偏好实验通常采用双瓶偏好实验或单瓶摄取实验来判断受试动物的味觉偏好及动物反应与药物浓度的相关性,但其与人体味觉感知机制的一致性仍值得商榷[4]。口尝法虽能直观反映人体感官体验,但受试者的安全风险(如毒性、刺激性成分)与个体主观偏差(如年龄、味觉敏感度)仍是我们需要考虑的问题[5]。近年来,电子舌作为一种新兴的智能感官技术,能够测定单一物质及各种物质的混合物,越来越多地应用于药物制剂的味道评估[6]
电子舌在活性药物成分的表征、配方开发、不同产品质量的比较等方面均有应用。Harada等[7]采用电子舌表征盐酸丙哌维林的味道及各种掩蔽剂在盐酸丙哌维林口崩片中的掩味效果,研究表明电子舌的结果与口尝法结果吻合。Woertz等[8]对布洛芬混悬剂的3种专利产品和11种仿制产品进行口感比较,结果表明,电子舌能够检测出不同产品之间的差异。
本研究基于电子舌技术,拟从2个方面进行探讨:一是建立新方法对矫味物料及掩味层增重的掩味效果进行评价;二是对比盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒与15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂的适口性。
Insent公司的味觉分析系统(TS-5000Z);十万分之一电子天平(XP205DR,METTLER TOLEDO公司);Milli-Q超纯水机(Millipore公司)。
氯化钾(批号20240103)、酒石酸(批号20160322)、氯化银(批号20231128)、氢氧化钾(批号20200828)、盐酸(批号20231121)、盐酸奎宁(批号20230912),均购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;谷氨酸钠(批号34230913001)、单宁酸(批号220403)、iso-α-acid(批号230403),均购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;乙醇(批号R142660),购自北京迪科马科技有限公司。纯化水为实验室自制。
盐酸氨溴索对照品(中国食品药品检定研究院,批号100599-202106,纯度100%);盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒(自制,规格15 mg,批号X0101、X0102、X0103);盐酸氨溴索分散片(厂家A,规格30 mg);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家B,规格100 mL:0.3 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家C,规格100 mL:0.3 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家D,规格100 mL:3 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家E,规格5 mL:15 mg);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家F,规格1 mL:3 mg);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家G,规格100 mL:0.3 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家H,规格10 mL:30 mg);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家I,规格100 mL:0.3 g);盐酸氨溴索糖浆(厂家J,规格60 mL:0.36 g及100 mL:0.6 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家K,规格0.30%);盐酸氨溴索颗粒(厂家L,规格15 mg);盐酸氨溴索滴剂(厂家M,规格50 mL:0.75 g);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家N,规格0.60%);盐酸氨溴索口服溶液(厂家O,规格0.30%)。
精密称定酒石酸0.045 g和氯化钾2.240 g,置1 000 mL量瓶中,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
取水500 mL,置1 000 mL量瓶中,加入乙醇300 mL,混合均匀,再加入1 mol · L-1盐酸溶液100 mL混匀,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
精密称定氯化钾7.460 g,置1 000 mL量瓶中,用水500 mL溶解后,再依次加入乙醇300 mL,1 mol · L-1氢氧化钾溶液10 mL,充分混匀,加水定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
精密称定氯化钾0.745 g,置1 000 mL量瓶中,加水溶解定容至刻度,摇匀,即得。
根据前期对处方中辅料成分及制剂工艺所具有掩味作用的研究,初步确定矫味物料与掩味层增重是影响口感的关键因素。鉴于此,进一步针对盐酸氨溴索苦味的改善情况从以下3个方面展开研究。
结合处方设计,配制高、中、低不同浓度的样品,比较加入矫味物料前后样品的响应差异。其中,A2~A4,为含不同浓度盐酸氨溴索的3份溶液;A5~A7,为按处方比例配制的同时含盐酸氨溴索和矫味物料的3份溶液,详见表1。具体的制备方法:分别将原料药3.75、18.75、187.5 mg溶解在100 mL参比溶液中得到样品A2~A4,依据原料药的称量值加入相应的处方量矫味物料得到样品A5~A7。测试方法按照标准操作规程进行[9]。传感器在使用前经过校准和验证,每个样品测量4次。每1次的测量包括测量参比溶液的响应值(Vr),然后测量样品溶液的响应值(Vs),短暂清洁程序,以及测量余味的响应值(Vr)。通过确定短暂清洁程序后物质吸附到脂质膜上引起的膜电位变化来测量余味。传感器的味道输出[也称为相对值(R)]和余味输出[也称为CPA值(吸附引起的膜电位变化)]均根据传感器对参比溶液的响应值(Vr)计算得出的。
取不同掩味层增重的盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒共3批,样品B2~B4代表掩味层增重依次变大,详见表2。具体的制备方法是将3批直服颗粒各10袋溶解在80 mL参比溶液中制备成溶液。测试方法见“3.1”项。
取盐酸氨溴索制剂共18批,包括来自16家生产单位的口服溶液、糖浆、分散片、颗粒、滴剂和直服颗粒,详见表3。模拟服药方式制备各制剂的溶液,即得相应的样品[10],具体的制备方法:口服溶液,取样品直接进行测试;糖浆,将样品与参比溶液按1 ∶ 1比例混合均匀,即得;滴剂,将样品与参比溶液按1 ∶ 4比例混合均匀,即得;分散片和颗粒,取1片或1袋分别溶解在60 mL参比溶液中;直服颗粒,取10袋溶解在80 mL参比溶液中。测试方法见“3.1”项。
使用Origin 2021软件对味觉值、味觉回味值绘制雷达图,进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和载荷分析(loadings)。其中,PCA通过线性组合将电子舌数据进行处理,能够在保留关键信息的同时有效降低数据的维数,将矩阵多项复杂指标转化为几个简单的综合指标并进行可视化分析[11]
矫味物料能够掩盖原料药本身的苦味。由图1-A可知,传感器测得味觉包括盐酸盐类产生的回味(BT0)、甜味(GL1)、苦味(C00)、涩味(AE1)、酸苦味的回味[CPA(C00)]、涩味的回味[CPA(AE1)]、基本苦味的回味(AN0)。样品A1~A7在BT0、AN0、GL1传感器上均有响应。不同浓度的原料药在传感器上的响应具有差异,在基本苦味的回味传感器上样品响应由强到弱的顺序是A4、A3、A2,在甜味传感器上样品响应由强到弱的顺序是A2、A3、A4,随着原料药的浓度增加其苦味值依次增加;加入矫味物料后的原料药在传感器上的响应也具有差异,在基本苦味的回味传感器上样品A4的响应大于样品A7,样品A3的响应大于样品A6,样品A2的响应大于样品A5,在甜味传感器上样品A7的响应大于样品A4,样品A6的响应大于样品A3,样品A5的响应大于样品A2,通过添加处方量矫味物料使原料药苦味值均降低。
掩味层能够掩盖原料药本身的苦味。由图1-B可知,样品B1~B4在BT0、AN0、GL1传感器上均有响应,3种掩味层增重的盐酸氨溴索制剂在传感器上的响应存在差异,在基本苦味的回味传感器上样品的响应由强到弱的顺序为B2、B3、B4,在甜味传感器上样品B4与B3的响应强度相同,且大于样品B2的响应强度,随着掩味层增重增加,苦味值呈现下降趋势。
盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒与15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂在苦味、甜味方面对比具有明显的优势。对实验结果进行PCA,第1主成分(principal component 1,PC1)包含总体65.4%的信息,第2主成分(principal component 2,PC2)包含总体22.1%的信息,两者共包含了总体87.5%的信息。PCA得分图和载荷图(PCA biplot,图2-A)中,样品PCA得分图的聚散程度反映了味觉信息的综合相近程度,味觉越相近的样品在PCA得分图上的距离越近。载荷图展现了各个变量对样品分类的贡献程度,箭头在主成分(principal component,PC)方向的长度越大,则对该PC的贡献越高[12]。CPA(AE1)、BT0、AN0传感器对PC1的贡献均较大,GL1传感器对PC2的贡献较大,样品在这些传感器上的差异导致了盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒与其他剂型在PCA得分图上的分类聚集。
图2-B可知,样品在BT0、AN0、C00、AE1、GL1传感器上均有响应,各样品之间在不同传感器上的响应差异幅度由大到小依次是AN0、GL1、C00、AE1、BT0、CPA(C00)、CPA(AE1)。响应差异幅度最大值为132.9 mV,最小值为4.39 mV。
进一步对不同厂家制剂之间的适口性差异数据分析,发现基本苦味的回味与甜味相关系数为-0.909(P<0.01),呈负相关关系;苦味与涩味相关系数为0.909(P<0.01),呈正相关关系;基本苦味的回味与盐酸盐类产生的回味相关系数为0.968(P<0.01),呈正相关关系。尽管传感器在样品测定过程中是独立工作的,但通过药品测试数据分析,找到它们之间可能存在的相关性。
本研究采用电子舌技术,对盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液的苦味和甜味等关键味觉指标进行了测定,并运用多变量数据分析模型对数据进行处理。结果表明,矫味物料能够掩盖盐酸氨溴索本身的苦味;随着掩味层增重的变大盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液苦味值变小,同时,盐酸氨溴索直服颗粒溶液与15种已上市的盐酸氨溴索制剂溶液在苦味、甜味方面对比具有明显的优势。
儿童因其生理和心理发育特点,对不良味道的耐受度低,易引发抵触情绪,导致剂量偏差、疗效降低及用药安全隐患[13-16]。因此,良好的口感设计和评价在儿童用药研发过程中具有重要的临床意义和价值[4]。通过构建苦味掩蔽的客观评价体系,将推动掩味技术标准化进程,加速口感驱动型制剂研发,为国内改良型新药开发提供可推广的技术范式。
  • *国家局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目(RS2024H001)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1281
  • 接收时间:2024-11-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-16
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*国家局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目(RS2024H001)
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    1.烟台大学 药学院,烟台 264005
    2.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
    3.北京科信必成医药科技发展有限公司,北京 100083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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