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Article(id=1240688793133577046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1704816000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773732859166, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773732859166, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773732859166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773732859166, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240688783964819588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1645', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773732856979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733032821, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1463, endPage=1474, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240688793532035946, articleId=1240688793133577046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids based on electron impact ionization mass spectrometry, columnId=1239256891872833779, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysi, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To explore the fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids by electron impact (EI) ionization mass spectrometry. Methods: Forty synthetic cannabinoids were systematically investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ionization mode was EI (70 eV) and the acquisition range was m/z 50-600. Results: According to the different structures of the “head group” and “linked group”, forty synthetic cannabinoids were divided into six categories, namely cumyl-carboxamide type, adamantyl-carboxamide type, carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type, naphthylformyl type, benzoyl/phenylacetyl type and tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type. Through the analysis of the mass spectrum of synthetic cannabinoids, the fragmentation pathways and characteristic ions of different types of synthetic cannabinoids were given. The main EI-MS fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids were that both sides of the carbonyl group in the “linking group” undergo α-cleavage, and the N atom on the indole/indazole parent nucleus was prone to γ-H rearrangement, and loss of a R1. In addition, fragment ions m/z 116, 130, 144 and fragment ions m/z 117, 131, 145 were the characteristic fragments of indazole and indole parent nucleus, which could be used to identify the parent nucleus of synthetic cannabinoids. Conclusion: These kind of compounds have strong fragmentation regularity. When standard substances are lacking or commercial mass spectral libraries are difficult to obtain, the proposed synthetic cannabinoids EI-MS fragmentation pathways can help to rapidly identify the structures of unknown synthetic cannabinoids.

, correspAuthors=Yu XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi-lei FAN, Xian-xin CHEN, Hao WU, Xing KE, Yu XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240688798342901893, articleId=1240688793133577046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=合成大麻素类新精神活性物质EI质谱特征研究, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的：对合成大麻素类新精神活性物质在电子轰击模式下质谱(EI-MS)的裂解规律进行探讨。方法：采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对40种合成大麻素类进行系统研究，电子轰击电离源，电子能量70 eV；扫描范围m/z 50~600。结果：依据“头部基团”和“连接基团”结构的不同，将40种合成大麻素分为6类，分别为苯基异丙基-酰胺类、金刚烷-酰胺类、氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类、萘甲酰类、苯甲/乙酰类和四甲基环丙烷-酰类。通过对合成大麻素EI-MS质谱图的解析，给出了不同种类合成大麻素的EI-MS裂解规律以及特征离子。合成大麻素主要的EI-MS裂解规律为“连接基团”中羰基的两侧极易发生α断裂，以及吲哚/吲唑母核上的N原子易发生γ-H重排，并失去一分子R1。此外，碎片离子m/z 116、130、144为吲唑母核的特征碎片，而碎片离子m/z 117、131、145为吲哚母核的特征碎片离子，可用于确定合成大麻素母核。结论：该类化合物有着较强的裂解规律，在缺少标准物质或商业化的质谱库难以获取时，所提出的合成大麻素EI-MS裂解规律可以帮助对未知的合成大麻素进行快速结构鉴定。

, correspAuthors=徐雨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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a.苯基异丙基-酰胺类（cumyl-carboxamide type）　b.金刚烷-酰胺类（adamantyl-carboxamide type）　c.氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类（carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type）　d.萘甲酰类（naphthylformyl type）　e.苯甲/乙酰类（benzoyl/phenylacetyl type）　f.四甲基环丙烷-酰类（tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type）

, figureFileSmall=iE9S2Gv+KW7FA7S/vciKFg==, figureFileBig=sJzGF2FrhOTBc17Mje1/AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463292395897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Total ion chromatograms of six types of synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=JMZmSv/QzMGPhaEMVGzWzA==, figureFileBig=kfy3DQBkWRQqhmxC+RalCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463376281979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图2, caption=6类合成大麻的总离子流图

a. 5F-CUMYL-PINACA　b.APINACA　c.4F-MDMB-BUTINACA　d.JWH-122　e.RCS-4　f.XLR-11

, figureFileSmall=JMZmSv/QzMGPhaEMVGzWzA==, figureFileBig=kfy3DQBkWRQqhmxC+RalCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463447585148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, figureFileSmall=tWVH6RqalUGlUHCaXOFI2A==, figureFileBig=KP9ocsRd66cuBqK0ag1ycQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463510499709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图3, caption=5F-CUMYL-PINACA的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=tWVH6RqalUGlUHCaXOFI2A==, figureFileBig=KP9ocsRd66cuBqK0ag1ycQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463581802878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for cumyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=N7bscdlf1wuUo7tnLQ4XIA==, figureFileBig=C/C42HMnAvDeJuRlK9PACg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463716020607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图4, caption=苯基异丙基-酰胺类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=N7bscdlf1wuUo7tnLQ4XIA==, figureFileBig=C/C42HMnAvDeJuRlK9PACg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463795712384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of APINACA, figureFileSmall=ipjCj80rByel8j8OwV040Q==, figureFileBig=UV1IKiTpqtM1uyX6QJpeVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463875404161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图5, caption=APINACA的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=ipjCj80rByel8j8OwV040Q==, figureFileBig=UV1IKiTpqtM1uyX6QJpeVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704463950901634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for adamantyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=E6Ka9Z7aazPhfoQ9hQBj1w==, figureFileBig=/vPf7LpzibHtXJc11AmyGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464038982019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图6, caption=金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=E6Ka9Z7aazPhfoQ9hQBj1w==, figureFileBig=/vPf7LpzibHtXJc11AmyGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464118673796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA, figureFileSmall=ILAB9Orn/Xx2OceksUGZ5Q==, figureFileBig=Pct9dDZrmUi+8qKCNqFBtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464189976965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图7, caption=4F-MDMB-BUTINACA的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=ILAB9Orn/Xx2OceksUGZ5Q==, figureFileBig=Pct9dDZrmUi+8qKCNqFBtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464252891526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=dHWuXHaEuDluL5u4acuADA==, figureFileBig=1Pc322mbuyihjFgM/dtccw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464332583303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图8, caption=氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=dHWuXHaEuDluL5u4acuADA==, figureFileBig=1Pc322mbuyihjFgM/dtccw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464399692168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of JWH-122, figureFileSmall=XM/YL6zoBzIuyc5SYHPCFg==, figureFileBig=/vZQfyMq4TSMtMVTJKv3JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464470995337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图9, caption=JWH-122的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=XM/YL6zoBzIuyc5SYHPCFg==, figureFileBig=/vZQfyMq4TSMtMVTJKv3JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464559075722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for naphthylformyl synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=/+Xmk1dKXF9jCD6Bhp8fsQ==, figureFileBig=hCdqiFxrHhUN2U9GDkqtZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464655544715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图10, caption=萘甲酰类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=/+Xmk1dKXF9jCD6Bhp8fsQ==, figureFileBig=hCdqiFxrHhUN2U9GDkqtZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464735236492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of RCS-4, figureFileSmall=Jyqt/WnTMD1mcsZP9+9Q5w==, figureFileBig=GScrKcUqPF0fueDGfLQJ5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464810733965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图11, caption=RCS-4的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=Jyqt/WnTMD1mcsZP9+9Q5w==, figureFileBig=GScrKcUqPF0fueDGfLQJ5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464886231438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for benzoyl/phenylacetyl synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=lKtZi+8l/f3wxrv+bm/a0A==, figureFileBig=sOXTpIK0mv3JjsMmjxyd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704464970117519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图12, caption=苯甲/乙酰类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=lKtZi+8l/f3wxrv+bm/a0A==, figureFileBig=sOXTpIK0mv3JjsMmjxyd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704465049809296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=EI-MS chromatogram and characteristic fragmentation ions of XLR-11, figureFileSmall=/O+T2gOx7KtAztBihUyxrA==, figureFileBig=LBXS+BWQrzHNeFW8SaCGtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704465125306769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图13, caption=XLR-11的EI-MS图及特征离子, figureFileSmall=/O+T2gOx7KtAztBihUyxrA==, figureFileBig=LBXS+BWQrzHNeFW8SaCGtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704466614284690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathways of product ions for tetramethylcyclopropane synthetic cannabinoids, figureFileSmall=7neanMqK+kFrJzsoz+sx1A==, figureFileBig=6daEWipt+8yyKMv6bM9dBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704466706559379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=图14, caption=四甲基环丙烷酰类合成大麻素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=7neanMqK+kFrJzsoz+sx1A==, figureFileBig=6daEWipt+8yyKMv6bM9dBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704466773668244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structures of forty-four synthetic cannabinoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
（type）		化合物
(compound)		取代基（substituent group）相对分子质量
(relative molecular mass)		批号
（lot No.）
XR1R2R3
苯基异丙基-酰胺类
（cumyl-carboxamide type）		CUMYL-4en-PICACC5H9--346023001121XD09920200421
5F-CUMYL-PINACANC5H10F--367GASS-508
5Cl-CUMYL-PINACANC5H10Cl--383023001086XD10920200306
4CN-CUMYL-BUTINACANC5H8N--360GASS-507
CUMYL-THPINACANC6H11O--377002001008FT00320160806
金刚烷-酰胺类
（adamantyl-carboxamide type）		5F-APICACC5H10F--382GASS-072
APINACACC5H11--364GASS-052
4F-ABUTIACACC4H8F--368023001106XD08720200401
氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类
（carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type）		ADB-PINACANC5H11NH2C4H9344023002034XD12920200824
ADB-BUTINACANC4H9NH2C4H9330023002152SC06120210219
ADB-FUBINACANC7H6FNH2C4H9382019001082YC02220181116
ADB-CHMINACANC7H13NH2C4H9370022001123XD04220200104
5F-AB-PICACC5H10FNH2C3H7361005005050YA00620161123
AB-CHMINACANC7H13NH2C3H7356008002094YA00320160622
AB-FUBINACANC7H6FNH2C3H7368GASS-044
AMB-4en-PICACC5H9NH2C3H7327023001122XD07520200421
5F-AMB-PINACANC5H10FCH3OC3H7327005005049YA00520160613
AMB-FUBINACANC7H6FCH3OC3H7383008004033YB01520170911
5F-EMB-PICACC5H10FC2H5OC3H7376023001150XD09820200526
5F-EDMB-PICACC5H10FC2H5OC4H9390023003047SC07120210528
5F-MDMB-PICACC5H10FCH3OC4H9376018004046XD00320190703
4F-MDMB-BICACC4H8FCH3OC4H9362GASS-504
4F-MDMB-BUTINACANC4H8FCH3OC4H9363023001067XD04320200117
MDMB-FUBINACANC7H6FCH3OC4H9397003001033FT01220160920
4CN-MDMB-BUTINACANC5H8NNH2C4H9355023004069SC10620210901
萘甲酰类（naphthylformyl type）JHW-018CC5H11HH344009006076YA02820170320
JWH-019CC6H13HH355006012011YA02720170628
JHW-073CC4H9HH327002001058FU02720170302
FUB-JWH-018CC7H6FHH379GASS-056
JWH-122CC5H11HCH3355009007038YA02920170828
MAM-2201CC5H10FHCH3373006012009YA03020170329
JWH-210CC5H11HCH2CH3369GASS-064
EAM-2201CC5H10FHCH2CH3369004001057FT01020161108
JWH-081CC5H11HCH3O371009006076YA02820170320
苯甲/乙酰类
（benzoyl/phenylacetyl type）		RCS-4-C5H11CH3O-321004001083FU03620170223
JWH-250CC5H11CH3O-321023001040XD04020191216
AM-694-C5H10FI-435002001060FU02920170325
JWH-203CC5H11Cl-339001002023FX00920180530
四甲基环丙烷-酰类
（tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type）		UR-144-C5H11--311006012010YA02220170414
XLR-11-C5H10F--329006012010YA02220170414
), ArticleFig(id=1240704466849165717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

44种合成大麻素的化学结构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
（type）		化合物
(compound)		取代基（substituent group）相对分子质量
(relative molecular mass)		批号
（lot No.）
XR1R2R3
苯基异丙基-酰胺类
（cumyl-carboxamide type）		CUMYL-4en-PICACC5H9--346023001121XD09920200421
5F-CUMYL-PINACANC5H10F--367GASS-508
5Cl-CUMYL-PINACANC5H10Cl--383023001086XD10920200306
4CN-CUMYL-BUTINACANC5H8N--360GASS-507
CUMYL-THPINACANC6H11O--377002001008FT00320160806
金刚烷-酰胺类
（adamantyl-carboxamide type）		5F-APICACC5H10F--382GASS-072
APINACACC5H11--364GASS-052
4F-ABUTIACACC4H8F--368023001106XD08720200401
氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类
（carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type）		ADB-PINACANC5H11NH2C4H9344023002034XD12920200824
ADB-BUTINACANC4H9NH2C4H9330023002152SC06120210219
ADB-FUBINACANC7H6FNH2C4H9382019001082YC02220181116
ADB-CHMINACANC7H13NH2C4H9370022001123XD04220200104
5F-AB-PICACC5H10FNH2C3H7361005005050YA00620161123
AB-CHMINACANC7H13NH2C3H7356008002094YA00320160622
AB-FUBINACANC7H6FNH2C3H7368GASS-044
AMB-4en-PICACC5H9NH2C3H7327023001122XD07520200421
5F-AMB-PINACANC5H10FCH3OC3H7327005005049YA00520160613
AMB-FUBINACANC7H6FCH3OC3H7383008004033YB01520170911
5F-EMB-PICACC5H10FC2H5OC3H7376023001150XD09820200526
5F-EDMB-PICACC5H10FC2H5OC4H9390023003047SC07120210528
5F-MDMB-PICACC5H10FCH3OC4H9376018004046XD00320190703
4F-MDMB-BICACC4H8FCH3OC4H9362GASS-504
4F-MDMB-BUTINACANC4H8FCH3OC4H9363023001067XD04320200117
MDMB-FUBINACANC7H6FCH3OC4H9397003001033FT01220160920
4CN-MDMB-BUTINACANC5H8NNH2C4H9355023004069SC10620210901
萘甲酰类（naphthylformyl type）JHW-018CC5H11HH344009006076YA02820170320
JWH-019CC6H13HH355006012011YA02720170628
JHW-073CC4H9HH327002001058FU02720170302
FUB-JWH-018CC7H6FHH379GASS-056
JWH-122CC5H11HCH3355009007038YA02920170828
MAM-2201CC5H10FHCH3373006012009YA03020170329
JWH-210CC5H11HCH2CH3369GASS-064
EAM-2201CC5H10FHCH2CH3369004001057FT01020161108
JWH-081CC5H11HCH3O371009006076YA02820170320
苯甲/乙酰类
（benzoyl/phenylacetyl type）		RCS-4-C5H11CH3O-321004001083FU03620170223
JWH-250CC5H11CH3O-321023001040XD04020191216
AM-694-C5H10FI-435002001060FU02920170325
JWH-203CC5H11Cl-339001002023FX00920180530
四甲基环丙烷-酰类
（tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type）		UR-144-C5H11--311006012010YA02220170414
XLR-11-C5H10F--329006012010YA02220170414
), ArticleFig(id=1240704466924663190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Characteristic ions of cumyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJK
1CUMYL-4en-PICA--2282121731441301161039177
25F-CUMYL-PINACA352-2492331741451311171039177
35Cl-CUMYL-PINACA3682782652491741451311171039177
44CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA3452552422261741451311171039177
5CUMYL-THPINACA362-2592431741451311171039177
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467025326487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

苯基异丙基-酰胺类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJK
1CUMYL-4en-PICA--2282121731441301161039177
25F-CUMYL-PINACA352-2492331741451311171039177
35Cl-CUMYL-PINACA3682782652491741451311171039177
44CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA3452552422261741451311171039177
5CUMYL-THPINACA362-2592431741451311171039177
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467134378392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Characteristic ions of adamantyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJ
15F-APICA-307279232-1441351169377
2APINACA3373082802151501451351179377
34F-ABUTIACA341--2191501451351179377
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467235041689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJ
15F-APICA-307279232-1441351169377
2APINACA3373082802151501451351179377
34F-ABUTIACA341--2191501451351179377
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467318927770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Characteristic ions of carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
（type）		序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGH
氨甲酰基酰胺类
（carbamoyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids）		1ADB-PINACA-300271-215145131117
2ADB-BUTINACA-286257-201145131117
3ADB-FUBINACA326338309-253145131-
4ADB-CHMINACA-326--241145131-
55F-AB-PICA-303-248232144130116
6AB-CHMINACA-312--241145131-
7AB-FUBINACA-324--253145131-
丁酸甲酯-酰胺
（methyl butyrate-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids）		8AMB-4en-PICA---228212144130116
95F-AMB-PINACA-304-249233145131116
10AMB-FUBINACA-324-269253145131-
115F-EMB-PICA---248232144130116
125F-EDMB-PICA334317288-232144130116
135F-MDMB-PICA320-288-232144130116
144F-MDMB-BICA306-274-218144130116
154F-MDMB-BUTINACA307304275-219145131117
16MDMB-FUBINACA341-309-253145131-
174CN-MDMB-BUTINACA314311282-226145131117
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467411202459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
（type）		序号
(No.)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGH
氨甲酰基酰胺类
（carbamoyl-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids）		1ADB-PINACA-300271-215145131117
2ADB-BUTINACA-286257-201145131117
3ADB-FUBINACA326338309-253145131-
4ADB-CHMINACA-326--241145131-
55F-AB-PICA-303-248232144130116
6AB-CHMINACA-312--241145131-
7AB-FUBINACA-324--253145131-
丁酸甲酯-酰胺
（methyl butyrate-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids）		8AMB-4en-PICA---228212144130116
95F-AMB-PINACA-304-249233145131116
10AMB-FUBINACA-324-269253145131-
115F-EMB-PICA---248232144130116
125F-EDMB-PICA334317288-232144130116
135F-MDMB-PICA320-288-232144130116
144F-MDMB-BICA306-274-218144130116
154F-MDMB-BUTINACA307304275-219145131117
16MDMB-FUBINACA341-309-253145131-
174CN-MDMB-BUTINACA314311282-226145131117
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467490894236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Characteristic ions of naphthylformyl synthetic cannabinoids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJK
1JHW-018324-284270-214167155127144116
2JWH-019338-284270-228167155127144116
3JHW-073310-284270-200167155127144116
4FUB-JWH-018362--270-252-155127--
5JWH-122338340298284270214181169141144116
6MAM-2201356358298284270232181169141144116
7JWH-210352340312298270214195183155144116
8EAM-2201370358312298270232195183155144116
9JWH-081354340314300270214197185157144116
), ArticleFig(id=1240704467574780317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688793133577046, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

萘甲酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGHIJK
1JHW-018324-284270-214167155127144116
2JWH-019338-284270-228167155127144116
3JHW-073310-284270-200167155127144116
4FUB-JWH-018362--270-252-155127--
5JWH-122338340298284270214181169141144116
6MAM-2201356358298284270232181169141144116
7JWH-210352340312298270214195183155144116
8EAM-2201370358312298270232195183155144116
9JWH-081354340314300270214197185157144116
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Characteristic ions of benzoyl/phenylacetyl synthetic cannabinoids

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序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEFGH
1RCS-4264290214186144130135116
2JWH-250--214-144--116
3AM-694360308232204144130-116
4JWH-203-214-144--116
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苯甲/乙酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

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序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
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2JWH-250--214-144--116
3AM-694360308232204144130-116
4JWH-203-214-144--116
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Characteristic ions of tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl synthetic cannabinoids

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序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEF
1UR-144296229214144130116
2XLR-11314247232144130116
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四甲基环丙烷-酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子表

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序号
(No)		化合物
(compound)		特征离子（characteristic fragmentation ion）m/z
ABCDEF
1UR-144296229214144130116
2XLR-11314247232144130116
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合成大麻素类新精神活性物质EI质谱特征研究
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范一雷 1 , 陈显鑫 2 , 吴昊 3 , 柯星 1 , 徐雨 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(9): 1463-1474
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(9): 1463-1474
合成大麻素类新精神活性物质EI质谱特征研究
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范一雷1 , 陈显鑫2, 吴昊3, 柯星1, 徐雨2, **
作者信息
  • 1.全省毒品防控技术研究重点实验室，浙江警察学院，杭州　310052
  • 2.国家毒品实验室浙江分中心，杭州　310052
  • 3.浙江迪安司法鉴定中心，杭州　310007

    • Tel: (0571)87180358; E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel: (0571)87180358; E-mail:
Fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids based on electron impact ionization mass spectrometry
Yi-lei FAN1 , Xian-xin CHEN2, Hao WU3, Xing KE1, Yu XU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310052, China
  • 2.National Narcotic Laboratory Zhejiang Regional Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
  • 3.Zhejiang Dian Regional Forenic Science Institute, Hangzhou 310007, China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0019
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目的：对合成大麻素类新精神活性物质在电子轰击模式下质谱(EI-MS)的裂解规律进行探讨。方法：采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）对40种合成大麻素类进行系统研究，电子轰击电离源，电子能量70 eV；扫描范围m/z 50~600。结果：依据“头部基团”和“连接基团”结构的不同，将40种合成大麻素分为6类，分别为苯基异丙基-酰胺类、金刚烷-酰胺类、氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类、萘甲酰类、苯甲/乙酰类和四甲基环丙烷-酰类。通过对合成大麻素EI-MS质谱图的解析，给出了不同种类合成大麻素的EI-MS裂解规律以及特征离子。合成大麻素主要的EI-MS裂解规律为“连接基团”中羰基的两侧极易发生α断裂，以及吲哚/吲唑母核上的N原子易发生γ-H重排，并失去一分子R1。此外，碎片离子m/z 116、130、144为吲唑母核的特征碎片，而碎片离子m/z 117、131、145为吲哚母核的特征碎片离子，可用于确定合成大麻素母核。结论：该类化合物有着较强的裂解规律，在缺少标准物质或商业化的质谱库难以获取时，所提出的合成大麻素EI-MS裂解规律可以帮助对未知的合成大麻素进行快速结构鉴定。

合成大麻素类  /  气相色谱-质谱  /  电子轰击模式  /  结构分类  /  裂解规律  /  特征碎片离子

Objective: To explore the fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids by electron impact (EI) ionization mass spectrometry. Methods: Forty synthetic cannabinoids were systematically investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ionization mode was EI (70 eV) and the acquisition range was m/z 50-600. Results: According to the different structures of the “head group” and “linked group”, forty synthetic cannabinoids were divided into six categories, namely cumyl-carboxamide type, adamantyl-carboxamide type, carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type, naphthylformyl type, benzoyl/phenylacetyl type and tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type. Through the analysis of the mass spectrum of synthetic cannabinoids, the fragmentation pathways and characteristic ions of different types of synthetic cannabinoids were given. The main EI-MS fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids were that both sides of the carbonyl group in the “linking group” undergo α-cleavage, and the N atom on the indole/indazole parent nucleus was prone to γ-H rearrangement, and loss of a R1. In addition, fragment ions m/z 116, 130, 144 and fragment ions m/z 117, 131, 145 were the characteristic fragments of indazole and indole parent nucleus, which could be used to identify the parent nucleus of synthetic cannabinoids. Conclusion: These kind of compounds have strong fragmentation regularity. When standard substances are lacking or commercial mass spectral libraries are difficult to obtain, the proposed synthetic cannabinoids EI-MS fragmentation pathways can help to rapidly identify the structures of unknown synthetic cannabinoids.

synthetic cannabinoids  /  GC-MS  /  electron impact ionization tandem mass spectrometry  /  structural classification  /  fragmentation patterns  /  characteristic fragmentation ion
范一雷, 陈显鑫, 吴昊, 柯星, 徐雨. 合成大麻素类新精神活性物质EI质谱特征研究. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1463 -1474 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0019
Yi-lei FAN, Xian-xin CHEN, Hao WU, Xing KE, Yu XU. Fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids based on electron impact ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1463 -1474 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0019
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2004年前后，一种名为“spice”的草药混合物出现在欧洲各国并被作为大麻的合法替代品进行宣传[1]，随着报纸、网络对其合法大麻替代品地位的大肆传播，“spice”产品的使用人数迅速增加。这些合成大麻素（synthetic cannabinoids）被掺杂入益母草，海草，大叶草藤等草药中以“香料金”、“香料钻石”、“K2”、“合法大麻”等名称在互联网及街头商店中售卖[2]。合成大麻素是人体内源性大麻素CB1和CB2受体激动剂，用于模拟植物大麻中主要活性成分Δ9-四氢大麻酚的功效[3]。并且合成大麻素已成为新精神活性物质（new psychoactive substances，NPS）中增长最快，规模最大的一类物质[4-5]。吸食后能引起焦虑、认知能力改变、抽搐、心动过速等不良后果，更有甚者会造成癫痫发作、心血管损伤、肾损伤、中风等急性事件[6-7]。
合成大麻素的监测是有效管控合成大麻素的重要环节之一。在法医学实验室中，对于香料混合物中合成大麻素的常规分析方法是利用有机溶剂提取植物表面的亲酯性化合物，通过色谱分离这些化合物并结合光谱或质谱技术进行检测[8]。通过将未知化合物的吸收光谱图或质谱图与标准物质的谱图进行比对，从而实现化合物的鉴定。检测方法有高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测法（HPLC-DAD），气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)和液相色谱质谱联用法(LC-MS)等[9]。然而，合成大麻素更新迅速，标准物质难以及时获取，且新化合物也往往未被添加入商业化的质谱图中。由于标准物质的缺乏，法医学实验室对于可疑合成大麻素样品的分析鉴定能力受到严重制约[10]。
为减少对标准物质和质谱谱库的依赖，近年来不断有研究者提出对合成大麻素的质谱进行详细研究[11-12]。通过归纳总结相同种类合成大麻素的质谱裂解规律，从而将其应用于对未知合成大麻素的结构鉴定中。电子轰击源（EI）为离子源的气相色谱-质谱联用仪在法医学实验室中十分常见。当保持样品和仪器条件一致时，不同的实验室利用EI源可以得到一致的质谱图。通过EI源轰击得到的离子流稳定性好、产率高，所得到的质谱图包含丰富的碎片信息。范一雷等[13]采用GC-MS和LC-MS研究新型靛红腙类合成大麻素的质谱裂解规律，并且GC-MS可获得比LC-MS更多的碎片离子用于该类合成大麻素的结构推断。徐仿敏等[14]采用GC-MS对9种吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素进行分析，归纳了EI的特征碎裂规律，可为吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的结构推断与鉴定提供参考。魏紫薇等[15]采用GC-MS对27种合成大麻素进行分析，总结EI碎裂规律，并基于母核与链接部分的结构特征将其分为甲酰基吲哚类（Ⅰ类）、甲酰胺基吲哚类（Ⅱ类）和甲酰胺基吲唑类（Ⅲ类）三大类。然而，随着合成大麻素市场的不断扩大，合成大麻素的类别也越来越多，由于结构不同，每种类别合成大麻素裂解规律有所差别。对合成大麻素进行详细分类，并对每类合成大麻素的裂解途径归纳总结，更有利于法庭科学实验室对未知合成大麻素快速鉴别，具有十分重要的意义。
2011年，欧洲毒品与毒瘾监测中心（European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction，EMCDDA)提出合成大麻素的结构具体分为 “头部基团”、“连接基团”、“核心基团”以及“尾部基团”四大部分[16]。本文参照此描述方式，依据基团结构对合成大麻素进行分类。40种以吲哚/吲唑为“核心基团”的合成大麻素，基于“连接基团”的不同，被分为酰胺类和酰基类。其中酰胺类合成大麻素依据其“头部基团”不同，具体分为苯基异丙基-酰胺类、金刚烷-酰胺类、氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类；甲酰类的合成大麻素依据其“头部基团”的不同，可具体分为萘甲酰类、苯甲/乙酰类、四甲基环丙烷-酰类。6类合成大麻素的结构简式见图1。本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了40种合成大麻素。通过对合成大麻素的EI质谱图的解析，研究不同种类合成大麻素的EI-MS裂解规律，并明确不同种类合成大麻素的特征离子及与其结构的关系。所提出的合成大麻素的EI-MS裂解规律及特征离子为快速分析未知合成大麻素提供了新的思路和参考。
1　仪器与试剂
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1.1　仪器
GCMS-QP2010 SE气相色谱质谱联用仪（岛津公司），配电轰击离子源（EI），数据采集由岛津的Lab-solution软件完成。
1.2　试药
实验使用的40种合成大麻素对照品（含量≥99%）信息列于表1，由公安部第三研究所提供。甲醇(色谱纯，Merck公司)。
2　方法与结果
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2.1　标准溶液的制备
精密称取各合成大麻素对照品1 mg，加甲醇溶解并稀释成1 mg·mL-1。
2.2　分析条件
2.2.1　色谱
以SH-5MS（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm膜厚，5%苯基-95%聚二甲基硅氧烷）为色谱柱，采用程序升温（初始温度50 ℃，以10 ℃·min-1升至320 ℃，保持10 min），进样口温度300 ℃，进样量1 μL。
2.2.2　质谱
传输线温度300 ℃，离子源温度230 ℃，EI电离源电子能量70 eV，分流比10∶1，高纯氦载气纯度为99.999%，载气线速度36.3 cm·s-1，扫描范围m/z 50~600。
2.3　6类合成大麻素GC-MS结果
取“2.1”项制备的标准溶液，照“2.2”项方法测定，6类合成大麻素中代表性合成大麻素的总离子流图见图2。
2.4　合成大麻素在EI模式下的质谱解析
2.4.1　苯基异丙基-酰胺类
苯基异丙基-酰胺类合成大麻素分子离子失去一分子苯基异丙基后得到了碎片离子C。当酰胺基团中C-N键发生α断裂时，产生了带有R1基团的吲哚/吲唑酰阳离子D，丰度最高。碎片离子D是3-羰基吲哚/吲唑类合成大麻素的典型碎片离子。若R1为烷烃链，碎片离子D可进一步脱去一分子R1得到碎片离子F。当苯基异丙基与酰胺基团连接处断裂，产生了碎片离子I和J。苯基异丙基与酰胺连接基团之间的断裂，酰胺连接基团与核心基团吲哚/吲唑之间的断裂以及酰胺基团C-N键的断裂为苯基异丙基-酰胺类合成大麻素特征裂解途径。表2为苯基异丙基-酰胺类主要的特征离子。图3为5F-CUMYL-PINACA的EI-MS图及其特征离子，苯基异丙基-酰胺类可能的裂解途径见图4。
2.4.2　金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素
在金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素的EI质谱图中，分子离子峰均可以被观察到，碎片离子A为分子离子失去一分子CO得到。当R1为烷烃时，可进一步碎裂产生碎片离子C。带有R1基团的吲哚/吲唑酰阳离子D具有最高的丰度，其源自于酰胺基团中C-N键发生α断裂。在离子D中，吲哚/吲唑环上氮原子处发生γ-H重排，失去一分子R1基团后得到了碎片离子F，且在质谱图中呈现出较高的丰度。碎片离子H的质荷比通常为117（当X=N时）或116（当X=C时），当其与碎片离子F同时被监测到时表明该合成大麻素可能存在吲唑或吲哚结构。质荷比分别为135、93、77的碎片离子G、I、J源自于金刚烷的裂解，因此可用于指示合成大麻素结构中金刚烷基团的存在。表3为3种金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素的主要特征离子。图5为APINACA的EI-MS图及特征离子。金刚烷-酰胺类合成大麻素可能的裂解途径见图6。
2.4.3　氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类合成大麻素
氨甲酰基-酰胺类合成大麻素与丁酸甲酯-酰胺类合成大麻素存在着相似的EI裂解规律。分子离子首先失去一分子R2，得到碎片离子A。离子A进一步发生中性丢失，失去一分子HR3，通常为CH3OH或NH3得到碎片离子C。头部取代基团中的羰基与左侧相连的C-C键之间发生α断裂时，形成了碎片离子B。酰胺基团中C-N键发生α断裂时形成了稳定的碎片离子E，其在质谱图丰度最高。当R1基团为饱和烷烃时，R1基团与吲哚/吲唑相连的C-N发生断裂，脱去一分子烷基取代基，得到吲哚/吲唑酰阳离子F。当R1为不饱和对氟卞甲基时（FUB），R1基团与吲哚/吲唑相连的C-N发生断裂后发生重排，形成比离子E更为稳定的卓鎓离子。表4为主要特征离子。图7为4F-MDMB-BUTINACA的EI-MS图及特征离子。氨甲酰基/丁酸甲酯-酰胺类合成大麻素可能的裂解途径见图8。
2.4.4　萘甲酰类合成大麻素
萘甲酰类合成大麻素通过羰基将吲哚环与萘基相连接，整个分子形成了稳定的大π共轭结构，因此，在其EI的质谱图中可以观察到具有最高丰度的分子离子峰。由于该类合成大麻素分子中具有多个离域π电子及氧上的n电子，其存在多个电离反应中心。萘环上存在着电子能较低的共轭π电子，因此极易被电离失去电子从而形成游离自由基中心。其通过诱导与取代基R2间的C-C键发生α断裂形成碎片离子B。与萘环类似，吲哚环上的π电子失去后形成游离基中心，当其诱导吲哚环与取代基R1发生α断裂时，形成碎片离子D。当吲哚环上的氮原子失去电子后形成游离基中心，若R1为环烷烃，氮原子通过诱导与R1相连的C-N键发生α断裂，形成碎片离子C。当羰基上的氧失去了电子后形成了游离基中心时，其通过分别诱导两侧的C-C键发生α键断裂形成了稳定的碎片离子F与H。此外，当羰基氧上的正电荷诱导羰基与萘环上的C-C键发生i断裂时，形成了稳定的偶电子离子I。碎片离子A是由羰基氧诱导萘环上的发生γ-H重排，随后丢失氢氧自由基形成。由于碎片离子B和F中依然存在着正电荷离域的共轭体系，因此当其进一步碎裂时发生了γ-H的重排，分别形成了碎片离子E和J。表5为9种萘甲酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子。图9为JWH-122的EI-MS图及特征离子。萘甲酰类合成大麻素可能的裂解途径见图10。
2.4.5　苯甲/乙酰类合成大麻素
由于其裂解规律与萘甲酰类合成大麻素类似，在此处不再赘述。表6为4种苯甲/乙酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子。图11为RCS-4的EI-MS图及特征离子。苯甲/乙酰类合成大麻素可能的裂解途径见图12。
2.4.6　四甲基环丙烷-酰类合成大麻素
分子离子失去一分子甲基后得到了碎片离子A。分子离子中的氧诱导发生γ-H重排后失去一分子C6H10，形成了碎片离子B。羰基上的氧诱导与环丙烷基团之间的C-C键断裂形成了碎片离子C，其在质谱图中具有最高丰度，后进一步碎裂形成了碎片离子D。表7为2种四甲基环丙烷酰类合成大麻素的主要特征离子。图13为XLR-11的EI-MS图及特征离子。四甲基环丙烷-酰类合成大麻素可能的裂解途径见图14。
3　讨论
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本文采用GC-EI-MS研究了40种合成大麻素的EI-MS裂解规律。40种合成大麻素依据其母体结构中“连接基团”和“头部基团”的不同可被分为6类。其主要的裂解规律包括：“连接基团”中羰基的两侧极易发生α断裂；吲哚/吲唑母核上的N原子易发生γ-H重排，随后发生中性丢失失去一分子R1烷烃链；带有R1基团的吲哚/吲唑酰阳离子在质谱图中通常丰度最高，结合碎片m/z 144或m/z 145可以进一步推测R1基团的类型；一些特征离子如m/z 116、130、144可以用于指示吲哚结构的存在，m/z 117、131、145可以指示吲唑结构的存在。所提出的EI-MS的裂解规律可以帮助分析人员在缺少标准物质和质谱谱库的情况下辅助对于合成大麻素的结构鉴定。
基金
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  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LTGC23H230001)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LTGC23B050003)
  • 毒品监测管控与禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2022-KLDMC-06)
  • 全省毒品防控技术研究重点实验室，国家毒品实验室浙江分中心资助项目(NNLZRC-2024-001)
文献
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2024年第44卷第9期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0019
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-09-30
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  • 修回日期：2024-01-10
基金
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LTGC23H230001)
浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LTGC23B050003)
毒品监测管控与禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2022-KLDMC-06)
全省毒品防控技术研究重点实验室，国家毒品实验室浙江分中心资助项目(NNLZRC-2024-001)
作者信息
    1.全省毒品防控技术研究重点实验室，浙江警察学院，杭州　310052
    2.国家毒品实验室浙江分中心，杭州　310052
    3.浙江迪安司法鉴定中心，杭州　310007

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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