Article(id=1240688787089576148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709308800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773732857725, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773732857725, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773732857725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773732857725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240688783964819588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1645', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773732856979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733032821, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1485, endPage=1496, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240688788528222428, articleId=1240688787089576148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on the volatile components of Epimedium extract and its pyrolysis products, columnId=1239256891872833779, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysi, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the flavor components of Epimedium extract and analyze pyrolysis products of the extracts from Epimedium. Methods: Ultra fast gas phase electronic nose was adopted to analyze volatile components in ethanol extracts of Epimedium and the alcohol extracting process of Epimedium was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Epimedium extract was pyrolysed to simulate cigarette smoking by TG-GC-MS. The lysates of Epimedium extract were analysed in a nitrogen environment, and the possible lysate mechanism of the products was reasonably speculated. Results: 22 volatile components were detected in the ethanol extracts of Epimedium at different concentrations. Concentration of Epimedium extracted with 60% ethanol was superior than others. Analyzing pyrolysis products of Epimedium extract, 78 compounds were identified at 150, 300 and 450 ℃, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, furans and benzene series. Conclusion: Ethanol extraction of Epimedium contains many aromatic volatile components. A large number of ketones, alcohols, phenols, furans and other volatile aroma compounds are produced after pyrolysis of Epimedium extract.

, correspAuthors=Yi CAO, Jian ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ling-run LIU, Shi-ling TIAN, Chang-jian WU, Rui CHEN, Yuan-qing YE, Yan-hua QIN, Zhi-qi YIN, Yi CAO, Jian ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240688789945897293, articleId=1240688787089576148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=淫羊藿醇提物及其热裂解产物的挥发性成分研究, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:研究淫羊藿醇提物的香味成分以及对淫羊藿醇提物进行热裂解产物分析。方法:采用电子鼻对淫羊藿醇提物挥发性成分进行分析;通过正交试验优化淫羊藿醇提工艺;采用热重-气质联用分析仪(TG-GC-MS),模拟卷烟燃烧过程,分析淫羊藿醇提物浸膏在氮气环境中的裂解产物,并对其裂解机制进行推测。结果:各浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿醇提物共检测出22个挥发性成分,60%浓度的乙醇提取的淫羊藿优于其他浓度;淫羊藿浸膏裂解产物在150、300、450 ℃共鉴定出78个化合物,包括醛、酮、醇、酚、呋喃类化合物及芳香族化合物等香气成分。结论:淫羊藿醇提物本身含有许多香味挥发性成分,在热裂解后产生大量酮、醇、酚、呋喃类等挥发性香气化合物。

, correspAuthors=曹毅, 张健, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 张健 Tel: 13815863503; E-mail: ;
曹毅 Tel: 13814037412; E-mail:
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Tel: 15751374177; E-mail:

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J Light Ind200825(5):24, articleTitle=Extraction of the essential oil in Flos Lonicera and its application in cigarette, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240704454681481703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, awardId=H202203, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(H202203), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240704446653583527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704446661972136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, companyId=1240704446653583527, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704446670360746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国药科大学中药学院,南京 210009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240704446884270260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704446892658869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, companyId=1240704446884270260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704446901047478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, companyId=1240704446884270260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江苏中烟工业有限责任公司,南京 210019)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240704451024048486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PCA plot of Epimedium extracted with ethanol with different concentrations, figureFileSmall=t/eIEWeamP29P2NWPOBz8w==, figureFileBig=dpQEILOI2HDmGPBj7+5qUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451112128876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同乙醇浓度提取的淫羊藿PCA图, figureFileSmall=t/eIEWeamP29P2NWPOBz8w==, figureFileBig=dpQEILOI2HDmGPBj7+5qUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451237958002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of material liquid ratio(A),extraction time(B) and extraction times(C) on the extraction rate of Epimedium extract, figureFileSmall=5z+1hSwMi8YN0ynIP/NGyQ==, figureFileBig=0VdhCvFMY2cBGMoDpbf6Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451330232694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=图2, caption=料液比(A)、提取时间(B)、提取次数(C)对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率的影响, figureFileSmall=5z+1hSwMi8YN0ynIP/NGyQ==, figureFileBig=0VdhCvFMY2cBGMoDpbf6Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451418313085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=TG(A)and DTG(B)curves of Epimedium extract, figureFileSmall=55IqiZ3T1MLt0YNsAA8zOw==, figureFileBig=Scl4NPWEe/7refqAef3JxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451544142211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=图3, caption=淫羊藿浸膏的TG曲线(A)和DTG曲线(B), figureFileSmall=55IqiZ3T1MLt0YNsAA8zOw==, figureFileBig=Scl4NPWEe/7refqAef3JxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451628028296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=TG-GC-MS TICs of Epimedium extract at 150,300 and 450 ℃ respectively, figureFileSmall=FQl6l1jRfJP2rJW+0LsGvw==, figureFileBig=fM0e1JS7Qqaf00hxgnhcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451716108685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同温度下淫羊藿浸膏的热裂解产物总离子流图

A. 150 ℃ B. 300 ℃ C. 450 ℃

, figureFileSmall=FQl6l1jRfJP2rJW+0LsGvw==, figureFileBig=fM0e1JS7Qqaf00hxgnhcPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704451808383377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Experimental parameters of gas chromatography electronic nose

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件(condition)参数(parameter)
样品瓶(sample bottle)20 mL
样品量(sample size)/μL200
进样体积(injection volume)/μL2 500
孵化温度(incubation temperature)/℃40
孵化时间(incubation time)/min20
注射速度(injection speed)/μL·s-1125
注射持续时间(injection duration)/s25
进样口温度(injection port temperature)/℃200
进样口压力(injection port pressure)/kPa10
捕集温度(capture temperature)/℃40
捕集阱分流速度(capture trap diversion speed)/mL·min-110
捕集持续时间(capture duration)/s30
捕集阱最终温度(capture trap final temperature)/℃240
柱温初始炉温(column initial furnace temperature)/℃40
初始温线(initial temperature line)/s10
采集时间(collection time)/s270
检测器温度(detector temperature)/℃260
FID增益(FID gain)12
程序升温(program heating)1 ℃·s-1至80 ℃,保持20 s(to 80 ℃ at 1 ℃·s-1,keeping 20 s);1 ℃·s-1至250 ℃,保持30 s(to 250 ℃ at 1 ℃·s-1,keeping 30 s)
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453259612569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

气相色谱电子鼻实验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件(condition)参数(parameter)
样品瓶(sample bottle)20 mL
样品量(sample size)/μL200
进样体积(injection volume)/μL2 500
孵化温度(incubation temperature)/℃40
孵化时间(incubation time)/min20
注射速度(injection speed)/μL·s-1125
注射持续时间(injection duration)/s25
进样口温度(injection port temperature)/℃200
进样口压力(injection port pressure)/kPa10
捕集温度(capture temperature)/℃40
捕集阱分流速度(capture trap diversion speed)/mL·min-110
捕集持续时间(capture duration)/s30
捕集阱最终温度(capture trap final temperature)/℃240
柱温初始炉温(column initial furnace temperature)/℃40
初始温线(initial temperature line)/s10
采集时间(collection time)/s270
检测器温度(detector temperature)/℃260
FID增益(FID gain)12
程序升温(program heating)1 ℃·s-1至80 ℃,保持20 s(to 80 ℃ at 1 ℃·s-1,keeping 20 s);1 ℃·s-1至250 ℃,保持30 s(to 250 ℃ at 1 ℃·s-1,keeping 30 s)
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453356081569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Orthogonal experimental factor level table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
(level)
A料液比
(solid-liquid ratio)/(g·mL-1)
B提取时间
(extraction time)/h
C提取次数
(extraction times)/次
D空白列
(blank column)
11∶15211
21∶182.522
31∶21333
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453469327781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
(level)
A料液比
(solid-liquid ratio)/(g·mL-1)
B提取时间
(extraction time)/h
C提取次数
(extraction times)/次
D空白列
(blank column)
11∶15211
21∶182.522
31∶21333
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453578379692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Main compounds in Epimedium extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
RI/MXT-5RI/MXT-1701化合物
(compound)
气味感官描述
(smell sensory description)
ABCDE
1405459甲酸甲酯(methyl formate)/-+---
2419459三甲胺(trimethyl amine)辛辣(piquancy)+++++
34796302-甲基-2-丙醇(tert-butanol)/----+
4488519戊烷(pentane)薄荷香(mint)-+---
5551670正丙醇(1-propanol)酒香,辛辣(aroma,piquancy)-+---
6614681乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)-+---
7632691丙酸甲酯(methyl propionate)果香(fruity)-+---
8726769正丁硫醇(butanethiol)/-+---
9799867丁酸乙酯(ethyl butyrate)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)-+---
10816815反式-2-辛烯(trans-2-octene)/----+
119821 029月桂烯(myrcene)柠檬气息,木香(lemony,costus)-+---
121 1431 182反式-玫瑰氧化物(trans-rose oxide)玫瑰花香(rose)+--++
131 1441 2953-羟基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)--+--
141 2581 395橙花醛(neral)柠檬气息(lemony)-+---
151 3161 295十三烷(tridecane)桔子香气(orange)---++
161 4201 626丁位壬内酯(deltanonalactone)椰子香(coconut)+++++
171 5001 500十五烷(pentadecane)茶香(tea)--+--
181 5001 644肉桂酸乙酯(ethyl cinnamate)肉桂,蜂蜜(cinnamon,honey)-+---
191 5241 689肉豆蔻醚(myristicin)辛辣,木香(piquancy,costus)+--++
201 5251 644桂酸异丙酯(cinnamicacid,isopropyl ester)琥珀香,果香(amber,fruity)-+---
211 5991 599正十六烷(hexadecane)果香(fruity)--+--
221 7891 877十四酸乙酯(ethyl myristate)鸢尾油香气(iris oil)-+---
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453658071473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

淫羊藿醇提物中的主要化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
RI/MXT-5RI/MXT-1701化合物
(compound)
气味感官描述
(smell sensory description)
ABCDE
1405459甲酸甲酯(methyl formate)/-+---
2419459三甲胺(trimethyl amine)辛辣(piquancy)+++++
34796302-甲基-2-丙醇(tert-butanol)/----+
4488519戊烷(pentane)薄荷香(mint)-+---
5551670正丙醇(1-propanol)酒香,辛辣(aroma,piquancy)-+---
6614681乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)-+---
7632691丙酸甲酯(methyl propionate)果香(fruity)-+---
8726769正丁硫醇(butanethiol)/-+---
9799867丁酸乙酯(ethyl butyrate)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)-+---
10816815反式-2-辛烯(trans-2-octene)/----+
119821 029月桂烯(myrcene)柠檬气息,木香(lemony,costus)-+---
121 1431 182反式-玫瑰氧化物(trans-rose oxide)玫瑰花香(rose)+--++
131 1441 2953-羟基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone)焦糖甜香(caramel sweet)--+--
141 2581 395橙花醛(neral)柠檬气息(lemony)-+---
151 3161 295十三烷(tridecane)桔子香气(orange)---++
161 4201 626丁位壬内酯(deltanonalactone)椰子香(coconut)+++++
171 5001 500十五烷(pentadecane)茶香(tea)--+--
181 5001 644肉桂酸乙酯(ethyl cinnamate)肉桂,蜂蜜(cinnamon,honey)-+---
191 5241 689肉豆蔻醚(myristicin)辛辣,木香(piquancy,costus)+--++
201 5251 644桂酸异丙酯(cinnamicacid,isopropyl ester)琥珀香,果香(amber,fruity)-+---
211 5991 599正十六烷(hexadecane)果香(fruity)--+--
221 7891 877十四酸乙酯(ethyl myristate)鸢尾油香气(iris oil)-+---
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453750346168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Factors levels and results of the orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
A料液比
(solid-liquid ratio)
B提取时间
(extraction time)/h
C提取次数
(extraction times)
出膏率
(paste yield)/%
111118.01
212221.00
313323.13
421221.95
522324.20
623119.78
731324.63
832120.17
933222.05
K162.1464.5957.95
K265.9365.3765.00
K366.8564.9671.97
k120.7121.5319.32
k221.9821.7921.67
k322.2821.6523.99
R1.570.264.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453846815165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

正交实验因素水平及实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
A料液比
(solid-liquid ratio)
B提取时间
(extraction time)/h
C提取次数
(extraction times)
出膏率
(paste yield)/%
111118.01
212221.00
313323.13
421221.95
522324.20
623119.78
731324.63
832120.17
933222.05
K162.1464.5957.95
K265.9365.3765.00
K366.8564.9671.97
k120.7121.5319.32
k221.9821.7921.67
k322.2821.6523.99
R1.570.264.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240704453985227201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Analysis of variance of ethanol extract of Epimedium

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源
(source of variance)
离差平方和
(sum of squares of deviation)
自由度(degree of freedom)均方
(mean square)
FP
A4.152.002.0815.900.06
B0.102.000.050.390.72
C32.732.0016.36125.280.01
D(误差)0.262.000.13
), ArticleFig(id=1240704454098473417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

淫羊藿醇提物方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源
(source of variance)
离差平方和
(sum of squares of deviation)
自由度(degree of freedom)均方
(mean square)
FP
A4.152.002.0815.900.06
B0.102.000.050.390.72
C32.732.0016.36125.280.01
D(误差)0.262.000.13
), ArticleFig(id=1240704454220108242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Pyrolysis products of Epimedium extract at different temperature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间
(retention time)/min
化合物
(compound)
物质数字识别号码
(CAS)
正向匹配度
(Match)
反向匹配度
(R.Match)
相对含量
(relative content)/%
150 ℃300 ℃450 ℃
2.075环丙基甲醇(cyclopropyl carbinol)2516-33-8814845//7.639
2.522丙二酸(propanedioic acid)141-82-281283213.289//
2.534甲乙酐(anhydride with formic acid acetic acid)2258-42-6842855/4.632/
3.169丙酮醇(1-hydroxy 2-propanone)116-09-68348645.3661.160/
4.751甲苯(toluene)108-88-3933933//9.130
5.387正辛烷(1-octane)111-65-9835838//1.403
5.492四氢吡喃酮(4H-pyran-4-one,tetrahydro-)29943-42-88008002.036//
5.9752-环戊烯酮(2-cyclopenten-1-one)930-30-3813835/2.176/
6.410糠醇(2-furanmethanol)98-00-09019322.257//
6.581乙苯(ethylbenzene)100-41-4936954//2.404
6.763对二甲苯(1,4-xylene)106-42-3953962//6.546
7.363壬烷(n-nonane nonane nonyl hydride)111-84-2912925//1.311
7.398甲基环戊烯醇酮(2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one)1120-73-6842856/0.554/
7.4924-羟基丁酸内酯(butyrolactone)96-48-08548741.503//
7.775苯醌(1,4-benzoquinone)106-51-4817836/1.5322.324
8.375正丙苯(propyl-benzene)103-65-1915936//0.628
8.4755-甲基呋喃醛(5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde)620-02-09149434.094%//
8.510间乙基甲苯(1-ethyl-3-methyl-benzene)620-14-4904924//1.535
8.5754-乙基甲苯(1-ethyl-4-methyl-benzene)622-96-8915937//1.274
8.920苯酚(phenol)108-95-28618860.83914.0436.869
9.122均三甲苯(mesitylene)108-67-8924936//2.388
9.1751,2-环己二酮(1,2-cyclohexanedione)765-87-7912949/2.275/
9.228癸烷(decane)124-18-5916936//1.124
9.5923-甲基环戊烷-1,2-二酮(3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione)765-70-8868877/0.915/
9.6041,2,4-三甲基苯(1,2,4-trimethylbenzene)95-63-6840840//1.970
9.6814-异丙基甲苯(4-isopropyltoluene)99-87-6864869//0.399
10.0862-甲酚(2-methylpheno)95-48-7922945//2.301
10.0924-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)呋喃酮(furaneol)3658-77-38838980.526//
10.2221,3-二乙基苯(1,3-diethylbenzene)141-93-5820836//1.079
10.3751-甲基-2-丙基苯(1-methyl-2-propyl-benzene)1074-17-5876889//0.490
10.463对甲基苯酚(p-cresol)106-44-5823853/1.0563.051
10.5454-乙基邻二甲苯(4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene)934-80-5803826//0.300
10.5921,3-二甲基-4-乙基苯(1-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-benzene)874-41-9868887//0.392
10.686愈创木酚(guaiacol)90-05-1889900/2.710/
10.9213,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇甲酸酯(1,6-octadien-3ol,3,7-dimethyl-formate)115-99-18358570.292%//
10.933十一烷(undecane)1120-21-4905921//1.413
11.0332,6-二甲基苯酚(2,6-dimethylphenol)576-26-1825725//1.044
11.063麦芽醇(maltol)118-71-8809849/0.629/
11.1042-甲基苯并呋喃(2-methylbenzofuran)4265-25-2905932//0.840
11.2861,2,4,5-四甲苯(1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene)95-93-2910921//0.222
11.2925-乙酰基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮[5-acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone]29393-32-6876889/0.677/
11.6512,4-二甲基苯酚(2,4-dimethylphenol)105-67-9862894//1.653
11.921对乙基苯酚(p-ethylphenol)123-07-9876888/1.0610.283
12.1273-蒈烯(3-carene)13466-78-9801821/0.8133.703
12.133丁二酸二乙酯(butanedioic acid diethyl ester)123-25-19369520.646//
12.316邻苯二酚(pyrocatechol)120-80-9826845/1.438/
12.480乙酸烯丙酯(allyl acetate)591-87-78438570.306//
12.510十二烷(dodecane)112-40-3862885//1.101
12.6515,6-二甲基苯并咪唑(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)582-60-5814846//0.567
12.7102,3-二氢苯并呋喃(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran)496-16-28448545.3416.513/
12.8104,7-二甲基苯并呋喃(4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran)28715-26-6854874//0.853
12.8863,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醇[3,7-dimethyl,(s)-7-octen-1-ol]6812-78-88228460.531//
13.0214-乙基苯甲醚(1-ethyl-4-methoxy-benzene)1515-95-3819847//0.300
13.3803-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde)57295-30-4804837/0.173/
13.439对苯二酚(hydroquinone)123-31-9886897/2.1831.831
13.6103,4-二羟基苯乙酮(3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone)1197-09-7840858/0.405/
13.974正十三烷(tridecane)629-50-5833855//1.017
14.0272-甲基萘(2-methylnaphthalene)91-57-6860876//0.441
14.139对乙烯基愈疮木酚(2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol)7786-61-08438560.2590.874/
14.2982,6-二羟基苯甲酸(2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid)303-07-1840862/0.307/
14.445甲酸茴香酯(1-formate,4-methoxy-benzenemethanol)122-91-8807821/0.169/
14.615紫丁香醇(2,6-dimethoxyphenol)91.10.1927945/1.968/
14.892对丁基苯乙酮[1-(4-butylphenyl)ethan-1-one]37920-25-5851875/0.202/
15.345十四烷(tetradecane)629-59-4886890//0.830
15.5571,5-二甲基萘(1,5-dimethylnaphthalene)571-61-9817847//0.360
15.7802,6-二甲基萘(2,6-dimethylnaphthalene)581-42-0901934//0.428
15.998异丁香酚[2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) phenol]97-54-1853874/0.317%/
16.3683,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇丁酸酯(citronellyl butyrate)141-16-28138350.431//
16.639十五烷(pentadecane)629-62-9902938//0.640
16.8152,2-二(2-呋喃基)丙烷[2,2’-(1-methylethylidene)bis-furan]17920-88-6852868/0.270%/
16.9564-羟基-3-甲氧基苯丙酮[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone]2503-46-0883899/0.351/
17.5092,3,5-三甲基萘(2,3,5-trimethyl-naphthalene)2245-38-7925937//0.625
18.650beta-桉叶醇(beta-eudesmol)473-15-48138290.4160.351/
19.856安息香酸苄酯(benzyl benzoate)120-51-4854879/0.139/
20.503新植二烯(neophytadiene)504-96-19179232.03112.625/
20.5683,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecene)2437-93-6899899/1.277/
20.956叶绿醇(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol)7541-49-3900905/4.463/
21.392苯乙酸苯乙酯(phenethyl phenylacetate)102-20-5869889//0.154
), ArticleFig(id=1240704454475960796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688787089576148, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同温度下的淫羊藿浸膏的热裂解产物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间
(retention time)/min
化合物
(compound)
物质数字识别号码
(CAS)
正向匹配度
(Match)
反向匹配度
(R.Match)
相对含量
(relative content)/%
150 ℃300 ℃450 ℃
2.075环丙基甲醇(cyclopropyl carbinol)2516-33-8814845//7.639
2.522丙二酸(propanedioic acid)141-82-281283213.289//
2.534甲乙酐(anhydride with formic acid acetic acid)2258-42-6842855/4.632/
3.169丙酮醇(1-hydroxy 2-propanone)116-09-68348645.3661.160/
4.751甲苯(toluene)108-88-3933933//9.130
5.387正辛烷(1-octane)111-65-9835838//1.403
5.492四氢吡喃酮(4H-pyran-4-one,tetrahydro-)29943-42-88008002.036//
5.9752-环戊烯酮(2-cyclopenten-1-one)930-30-3813835/2.176/
6.410糠醇(2-furanmethanol)98-00-09019322.257//
6.581乙苯(ethylbenzene)100-41-4936954//2.404
6.763对二甲苯(1,4-xylene)106-42-3953962//6.546
7.363壬烷(n-nonane nonane nonyl hydride)111-84-2912925//1.311
7.398甲基环戊烯醇酮(2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one)1120-73-6842856/0.554/
7.4924-羟基丁酸内酯(butyrolactone)96-48-08548741.503//
7.775苯醌(1,4-benzoquinone)106-51-4817836/1.5322.324
8.375正丙苯(propyl-benzene)103-65-1915936//0.628
8.4755-甲基呋喃醛(5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde)620-02-09149434.094%//
8.510间乙基甲苯(1-ethyl-3-methyl-benzene)620-14-4904924//1.535
8.5754-乙基甲苯(1-ethyl-4-methyl-benzene)622-96-8915937//1.274
8.920苯酚(phenol)108-95-28618860.83914.0436.869
9.122均三甲苯(mesitylene)108-67-8924936//2.388
9.1751,2-环己二酮(1,2-cyclohexanedione)765-87-7912949/2.275/
9.228癸烷(decane)124-18-5916936//1.124
9.5923-甲基环戊烷-1,2-二酮(3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione)765-70-8868877/0.915/
9.6041,2,4-三甲基苯(1,2,4-trimethylbenzene)95-63-6840840//1.970
9.6814-异丙基甲苯(4-isopropyltoluene)99-87-6864869//0.399
10.0862-甲酚(2-methylpheno)95-48-7922945//2.301
10.0924-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)呋喃酮(furaneol)3658-77-38838980.526//
10.2221,3-二乙基苯(1,3-diethylbenzene)141-93-5820836//1.079
10.3751-甲基-2-丙基苯(1-methyl-2-propyl-benzene)1074-17-5876889//0.490
10.463对甲基苯酚(p-cresol)106-44-5823853/1.0563.051
10.5454-乙基邻二甲苯(4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene)934-80-5803826//0.300
10.5921,3-二甲基-4-乙基苯(1-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-benzene)874-41-9868887//0.392
10.686愈创木酚(guaiacol)90-05-1889900/2.710/
10.9213,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇甲酸酯(1,6-octadien-3ol,3,7-dimethyl-formate)115-99-18358570.292%//
10.933十一烷(undecane)1120-21-4905921//1.413
11.0332,6-二甲基苯酚(2,6-dimethylphenol)576-26-1825725//1.044
11.063麦芽醇(maltol)118-71-8809849/0.629/
11.1042-甲基苯并呋喃(2-methylbenzofuran)4265-25-2905932//0.840
11.2861,2,4,5-四甲苯(1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene)95-93-2910921//0.222
11.2925-乙酰基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮[5-acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone]29393-32-6876889/0.677/
11.6512,4-二甲基苯酚(2,4-dimethylphenol)105-67-9862894//1.653
11.921对乙基苯酚(p-ethylphenol)123-07-9876888/1.0610.283
12.1273-蒈烯(3-carene)13466-78-9801821/0.8133.703
12.133丁二酸二乙酯(butanedioic acid diethyl ester)123-25-19369520.646//
12.316邻苯二酚(pyrocatechol)120-80-9826845/1.438/
12.480乙酸烯丙酯(allyl acetate)591-87-78438570.306//
12.510十二烷(dodecane)112-40-3862885//1.101
12.6515,6-二甲基苯并咪唑(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole)582-60-5814846//0.567
12.7102,3-二氢苯并呋喃(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran)496-16-28448545.3416.513/
12.8104,7-二甲基苯并呋喃(4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran)28715-26-6854874//0.853
12.8863,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醇[3,7-dimethyl,(s)-7-octen-1-ol]6812-78-88228460.531//
13.0214-乙基苯甲醚(1-ethyl-4-methoxy-benzene)1515-95-3819847//0.300
13.3803-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde)57295-30-4804837/0.173/
13.439对苯二酚(hydroquinone)123-31-9886897/2.1831.831
13.6103,4-二羟基苯乙酮(3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone)1197-09-7840858/0.405/
13.974正十三烷(tridecane)629-50-5833855//1.017
14.0272-甲基萘(2-methylnaphthalene)91-57-6860876//0.441
14.139对乙烯基愈疮木酚(2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol)7786-61-08438560.2590.874/
14.2982,6-二羟基苯甲酸(2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid)303-07-1840862/0.307/
14.445甲酸茴香酯(1-formate,4-methoxy-benzenemethanol)122-91-8807821/0.169/
14.615紫丁香醇(2,6-dimethoxyphenol)91.10.1927945/1.968/
14.892对丁基苯乙酮[1-(4-butylphenyl)ethan-1-one]37920-25-5851875/0.202/
15.345十四烷(tetradecane)629-59-4886890//0.830
15.5571,5-二甲基萘(1,5-dimethylnaphthalene)571-61-9817847//0.360
15.7802,6-二甲基萘(2,6-dimethylnaphthalene)581-42-0901934//0.428
15.998异丁香酚[2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) phenol]97-54-1853874/0.317%/
16.3683,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇丁酸酯(citronellyl butyrate)141-16-28138350.431//
16.639十五烷(pentadecane)629-62-9902938//0.640
16.8152,2-二(2-呋喃基)丙烷[2,2’-(1-methylethylidene)bis-furan]17920-88-6852868/0.270%/
16.9564-羟基-3-甲氧基苯丙酮[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone]2503-46-0883899/0.351/
17.5092,3,5-三甲基萘(2,3,5-trimethyl-naphthalene)2245-38-7925937//0.625
18.650beta-桉叶醇(beta-eudesmol)473-15-48138290.4160.351/
19.856安息香酸苄酯(benzyl benzoate)120-51-4854879/0.139/
20.503新植二烯(neophytadiene)504-96-19179232.03112.625/
20.5683,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecene)2437-93-6899899/1.277/
20.956叶绿醇(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol)7541-49-3900905/4.463/
21.392苯乙酸苯乙酯(phenethyl phenylacetate)102-20-5869889//0.154
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淫羊藿醇提物及其热裂解产物的挥发性成分研究
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刘凌润 1 , 田时玲 2 , 吴昌健 3 , 陈蕊 3 , 叶远青 3 , 秦艳华 3 , 殷志琦 2 , 曹毅 3, ** , 张健 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(9): 1485-1496
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(9): 1485-1496
淫羊藿醇提物及其热裂解产物的挥发性成分研究
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刘凌润1 , 田时玲2, 吴昌健3, 陈蕊3, 叶远青3, 秦艳华3, 殷志琦2, 曹毅3, ** , 张健1, **
作者信息
  • 1.南京中医药大学第三临床医学院,南京 210028
  • 2.中国药科大学中药学院,南京 210009
  • 3.江苏中烟工业有限责任公司,南京 210019
  • Tel: 15751374177; E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 张健 Tel: 13815863503; E-mail: ;
曹毅 Tel: 13814037412; E-mail:
Study on the volatile components of Epimedium extract and its pyrolysis products
Ling-run LIU1 , Shi-ling TIAN2, Chang-jian WU3, Rui CHEN3, Yuan-qing YE3, Yan-hua QIN3, Zhi-qi YIN2, Yi CAO3, ** , Jian ZHANG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
  • 2.School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
  • 3.China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136
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目的:研究淫羊藿醇提物的香味成分以及对淫羊藿醇提物进行热裂解产物分析。方法:采用电子鼻对淫羊藿醇提物挥发性成分进行分析;通过正交试验优化淫羊藿醇提工艺;采用热重-气质联用分析仪(TG-GC-MS),模拟卷烟燃烧过程,分析淫羊藿醇提物浸膏在氮气环境中的裂解产物,并对其裂解机制进行推测。结果:各浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿醇提物共检测出22个挥发性成分,60%浓度的乙醇提取的淫羊藿优于其他浓度;淫羊藿浸膏裂解产物在150、300、450 ℃共鉴定出78个化合物,包括醛、酮、醇、酚、呋喃类化合物及芳香族化合物等香气成分。结论:淫羊藿醇提物本身含有许多香味挥发性成分,在热裂解后产生大量酮、醇、酚、呋喃类等挥发性香气化合物。

淫羊藿  /  电子鼻  /  挥发性成分  /  正交实验  /  热重-气质联用  /  热裂解

Objective: To investigate the flavor components of Epimedium extract and analyze pyrolysis products of the extracts from Epimedium. Methods: Ultra fast gas phase electronic nose was adopted to analyze volatile components in ethanol extracts of Epimedium and the alcohol extracting process of Epimedium was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Epimedium extract was pyrolysed to simulate cigarette smoking by TG-GC-MS. The lysates of Epimedium extract were analysed in a nitrogen environment, and the possible lysate mechanism of the products was reasonably speculated. Results: 22 volatile components were detected in the ethanol extracts of Epimedium at different concentrations. Concentration of Epimedium extracted with 60% ethanol was superior than others. Analyzing pyrolysis products of Epimedium extract, 78 compounds were identified at 150, 300 and 450 ℃, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, furans and benzene series. Conclusion: Ethanol extraction of Epimedium contains many aromatic volatile components. A large number of ketones, alcohols, phenols, furans and other volatile aroma compounds are produced after pyrolysis of Epimedium extract.

Epimedium  /  e-nose  /  volatile components  /  orthogonal experiment  /  TG-GC-MS  /  pyrolysis
刘凌润, 田时玲, 吴昌健, 陈蕊, 叶远青, 秦艳华, 殷志琦, 曹毅, 张健. 淫羊藿醇提物及其热裂解产物的挥发性成分研究. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1485 -1496 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136
Ling-run LIU, Shi-ling TIAN, Chang-jian WU, Rui CHEN, Yuan-qing YE, Yan-hua QIN, Zhi-qi YIN, Yi CAO, Jian ZHANG. Study on the volatile components of Epimedium extract and its pyrolysis products[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1485 -1496 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136
淫羊藿为小檗科植物淫羊藿(Epimedium brevicomu Maxim.)、箭叶淫羊藿(Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim.)、柔毛淫羊藿(Epimedium pubescens Maxim.)和朝鲜淫羊藿(Epimedium koreanum Nakai)[1]的干燥叶,味辛、甘、温,归肝、肾经。淫羊藿的药用历史悠久,具有补肾阳、强筋骨、祛风湿的功效。李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载其有“益精气、坚筋骨、补腰膝、强心力”之功效[2]。现代研究表明,淫羊藿含有黄酮类、多糖、木脂素类、生物碱和其他人体必需的微量元素等多种化学成分[3],具有提高免疫功能、抗骨质疏松、抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗抑郁等多种药理作用[4]
淫羊藿具有广泛的生理活性功能,其相关制品在临床使用、药品开发以及保健品等领域不断拓宽。与淫羊藿相关的研发产品大多用于抗衰老、促进骨骼生长、预防骨质疏松以及增强自身免疫力[5]。比如具有增加骨密度功能的淫羊藿洋参胶囊、淫羊藿蜂蜜保健饮料[6]、益肾保健酒[7]等。此外,也有研究将淫羊藿粉末添加至卷烟滤嘴中制成淫羊藿复合滤嘴来降低烟气中的有害成分[8],将淫羊藿多糖添加至烟丝中,改善烟气醇和度和香味[9]。然而,关于淫羊藿在卷烟中的应用研究仅限于淫羊藿减害增香的实际效果,未见对淫羊藿挥发性香味物质及热裂解研究的相关报道。
本研究通过电子鼻对不同乙醇浓度提取的淫羊藿醇提物的香味成分进行分析,用乙醇回流提取的方法,在单因素试验的基础上再利用正交试验进一步筛选出最佳提取工艺,同时利用热重-气质联用分析仪(TG-GC-MS)分析淫羊藿醇提物受热裂解后产生的致香成分,并对其裂解产物产生机制进行推测,以期为淫羊藿作为卷烟增香剂的实际应用提供理论支撑。
淫羊藿叶(批号2105015)购自安徽亳州万珍中药饮片场;乙醇(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);超纯水(18.2 MΩ·cm,实验室纯水仪自制);正构烷烃nC6~nC16混合标品(美国RESTEK有限公司)。
Heracles Neo型超快速气相电子鼻(配备PALRSI型全自动顶空进样器、MXT-5非极性毛细管柱、MXT-1701中极性毛细管柱,Alpha Mos公司);TGA/DSC 3+型热重分析仪、IST16热分析联用系统(Mettler-Toledo公司);6890N-5975C型气相-质谱联用仪(Agilent公司);XP205电子分析天平(感量0.00001g,Mettler-Toledo公司);旋转蒸发仪(Buchi公司);Milli-Q Reference超纯水系统(Millipore公司)。
取干燥的淫羊藿叶,粉碎过40目筛,准确称取粉末10 g,按料液比1∶15(g/mL)加入不同浓度(50%、60%、70%、80%、90%)的乙醇水溶液,在85 ℃下水浴回流提取2 h,提取1次,过滤,上清液备用。
进样条件:采用顶空进样实验,将样品及对照品按照表1的进样条件和参数进样检测。
取干燥的淫羊藿叶,粉碎,称取粉末5 g,依据电子鼻分析结果筛选乙醇水溶液的适宜浓度,固定乙醇水溶液浓度,固定提取温度85 ℃,提取时间2 h,提取次数1次,考察不同料液比(1∶9、1∶12、1∶15、1∶18、1∶21)对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率的影响;固定提取温度85 ℃,料液比1∶18,提取次数1次,考察不同提取时间(1、1.5、2、2.5、3 h)对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率的影响;固定提取温度85 ℃,料液比1∶18,提取时间2.5 h,考察不同提取次数(1、2、3、4次)对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率的影响。
精密量取过滤后的5 mL醇提液干燥至恒重(前后2次称量误差≤0.3 mg)的蒸发皿中,在水浴锅上挥干溶剂后,于105 ℃烘箱中干燥5 h,置干燥器中冷却30 min,精密称量至恒重,平行3次,并按下列公式计算出膏率。
在单因素试验的基础上,以淫羊藿醇提物的出膏率为指标,选择料液比、提取时间、提取次数进行三因素三水平的正交试验,试验设计见表2
按确定的最佳工艺条件制备淫羊藿醇提物,减压浓缩至浸膏状,称取淫羊藿浸膏约5 mg于氧化铝坩埚中,使用热重分析仪对样品进行热重分析。裂解氛围:N2;气体流量:50 mL·min-1;裂解升温程序:初始温度40 ℃,以20 ℃·min-1升到1 000 ℃,保持5 min。
分析方法参考文献[10]。分别称取约5 mg淫羊藿醇提浸膏于坩埚中,使用IST16联用系统将TGA与GC-MS进行连接,选择单定量环阀进样模式,从TGA曲线中找出质量损失较大时对应的温度,将此温度下对应的时间设定为阀门打开捕集TG气体时间,定量环容积120 μL,取样时间10 s,GC-MS采用外部设备直接进样模式,气质色谱条件如下:
色谱条件:DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);进样口温度:250 ℃;载气:He;流速:1 mL·min-1;分流比:2∶1;升温程序:初始温度40 ℃,保持3 min,以10 ℃·min-1升至260 ℃,保持10 min。
质谱条件:传输线温度280 ℃,MS电离方式 EI,电离能量70 eV;离子源温度230 ℃,四极杆温度150 ℃,扫描范围35~550 amu,溶剂延迟1.8 min。
根据Kovats保留指数定性,在Arochembase数据库中对电子鼻数据进行定性分析。利用安捷伦GC-MS谱图处理软件Enhanced Data Analysis,通过NIST 17.L质谱数据库进行化合物检索定性,保留正向匹配度(Match)和反向匹配度(R.Match)大于800的化合物,采用峰面积归一化法对裂解产物进行半定量分析。通过Excel对热重分析数据和气质TIC数据进行处理,运用Origin 2022、ChemDraw20.0进行作图。
基于Heracles Neo超快速气相电子鼻分析给出淫羊藿醇提物所含有的化合物及气味信息,其结果见表3
表3结果表明,各浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿醇提物共检测出22个化合物,这22个化合物大多为香味成分,如乙酸乙酯具有焦糖香甜气息,月桂烯具有柠檬香气。50%~90%各浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿在22个化合物中分别包含4、14、5、5、7个化合物,60%乙醇提取的淫羊藿包含的化合物远远超过其他浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿,因此极易将60%乙醇提取的淫羊藿与其他浓度进行区分。而60%醇提物中所含化合物大都具有香味特征,如乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯具有焦糖甜香,月桂烯、橙花醛具有柠檬香气等。
将通过Heracles Neo超快速气相电子鼻获取的不同乙醇浓度提取的淫羊藿的气味色谱峰峰面积为变量进行主成分分析,乙醇浓度分别为50%(YYH50)、60%(YYH60)、70%(YYH70)、80%(YYH80)、90%(YYH90),结果如图1所示。横、纵坐标分别表示通过主成分分析(PCA)转换得到的第1主成分(PC1)和第2主成分(PC2)的贡献率,PC1与PC2累积贡献率为99.9%,能够较好地反映所测样品中使用不同乙醇浓度提取的淫羊藿。
50%乙醇浓度提取完全包含于70%乙醇浓度提取,说明两者成分比较相似。使用60%提取的淫羊藿可以与其他乙醇浓度提取的淫羊藿进行明显区分,说明超快速气相电子鼻可以将60%乙醇浓度提取与其他乙醇浓度提取进行区分。
图2-A可知随着料液比的增加,淫羊藿醇提物出膏率呈现先增加后减小的趋势。当料液比达到1∶18时,出膏率达最大,再加大料液比出膏率反而下降。其原因可能是溶剂量超过一定量,对于大分子量成分的溶出速度变慢,小分子化合物溶出速度加快,导致整体出膏率下降。综合考虑,选择料液比1∶15、1∶18、1∶21进行正交试验。
图2-B可知,随着提物时间的增加,淫羊藿醇提物出膏率逐渐增加。当提取时间大于2.5 h,出膏率反而下降,原因可能是随着提取时间增加,过程中可能会有物质析出,在过滤后滤出导致出膏率下降。故选择提取时间2、2.5、3 h进行正交试验。
图2-C可以看出,提取次数越多,淫羊藿醇提物出膏率越高,但是提取4次时与提取3次相比增幅不明显。说明提取3次时,提取的物质成分就已接近全部溶出。随着提取次数的增加,时间成本增加,因此提取次数选取3次为最佳,故选择提取次数1、2、3次进行正交试验。
根据单因素实验的结果,选取料液比、提取时间和提取次数进行三因素三水平的正交试验,每组试验平行测定3次,正交试验表与结果见表4
表4极差结果分析,所考察的各因素对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率影响的主次顺序为提取次数、料液比、提取时间。正交试验结果表明,淫羊藿醇提工艺的最佳组合为A3B2C3,即:料液比1∶21,提取时间2.5 h,提取次数3次。方差分析结果表明(表5),提取次数对淫羊藿醇提物出膏率具有极显著影响(P<0.05),料液比(P>0.05)和提取时间(P>0.05)对醇提物出膏率影响差异不显著,这与极差分析的结果一致。
为验证L9(34)正交试验优化淫羊藿醇提工艺的可靠性,分别称取3份淫羊藿药材各150 g,按上述最佳提取工艺条件进行提取,测定淫羊藿出膏率,验证工艺的可行性。测定淫羊藿醇提物出膏率为24.76%,RSD为0.54%,实验结果表明,本实验优选的淫羊藿醇提工艺稳定可靠,提取率较高。
由60%乙醇水溶液提取所得的淫羊藿浸膏的TG曲线和DTG曲线如图3,由图可知,淫羊藿浸膏在热裂解过程中出现了3个明显的失重区间。
第一阶段,从初始温度到120 ℃,推测为淫羊藿浸膏内部含有的游离水和结合水蒸发及小部分易挥发的成分挥发的过程。
第二阶段,从120 ℃开始一直持续到500 ℃,是淫羊藿浸膏的主要质量损失阶段。伴随着浸膏中挥发性成分挥发、各种化学反应的发生和化学键的断裂,产生大量的挥发性成分。在这个失重区间,发现了3个失重速率较大的温度点,分别在150、300、450 ℃。
第三阶段,主要是残渣的碳化过程,当温度达到800 ℃时,淫羊藿浸膏已失重70.87%。
淫羊藿浸膏在150、300、450 ℃下的裂解产物总离子流图见图4-A、B、C。所得裂解产物的质谱图经与NIST谱库的标准质谱图比对,分别鉴定出17、34、41个化合物,详细结果见表7。
图4可知,随着裂解温度的提高,裂解产物越来越复杂,从150 ℃时的17个化合物增加至450 ℃的41个化合物(表6)。低温条件下,淫羊藿浸膏的主要裂解产物是呋喃类和醛酮类化合物。在150 ℃时,主要裂解产物为糠醇、四氢吡喃酮、丙酮醇、丙二酸、5-甲基呋喃醛、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃等物质。300 ℃时主要增加了甲乙酐、2-环戊烯酮、苯酚、愈创木酚、对苯二酚、紫丁香醇、1,2-环己二酮等酮类酚类以及部分杂环类化合物。随着温度上升,在较高温度下,热裂解更加剧烈,裂解产物主要为酮类、酚类、苯及其同系化合物。当温度升高至450 ℃时,芳香族类物质明显增多,如甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、苯醌、间乙基甲苯、正丙苯、1,2,4-三甲基苯等,此外,在450 ℃时,开始检测到萘类等稠合度较高的化合物。
这些结果显示,随着温度不断升高,裂解的复杂程度也随之升高,由小分子的醛酮类化合物逐步向杂环类芳香族化合物过渡,当温度升高至一定程度时,这些芳香烃进一步发生聚合和缩合反应,形成更为稳定的稠环芳烃,符合化学反应的一般规则[11]
由表7可知,裂解产物包括醇、酚、酮、醛、酸、杂环类、苯及其同系物等多种化合物,其中绝大部分物质都具有特殊的香味,可以提升卷烟的风味和抽吸品质。
醇类和有机酸类物质在卷烟中起到保润、改善烟香的作用,在高温环境中可以产生果甜香气味[12],调节主流烟气中的pH,减少对喉部的刺激,提高感官舒适度[13]
酚类化合物在高温下可以产生丰富的药草香气味,是烟丝和主流烟气中常见的加香类物质[14]。如邻甲酚可以增加烟气、丰、甜润的特征[15],愈创木酚具有烟熏、辛香、药香香气[16],异丁香酚具有柔和甜清的辛香[18]
酮类物质能够产生花香和甜香[20],协调香气,掩盖杂气从而改善卷烟抽吸品质,如苯乙酮具有山楂香气[22],2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮具有焦糖及奶油气味[16]
杂环类化合物,如糠醛、吡啶、糠醇、2-甲基呋喃、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、四氢吡喃酮、5-羟甲基糠醛等化合物是卷烟主流烟气中的主要香味物质,这类物质在卷烟中可以增强烟气的烤烟香及焦糖香[23],特别是糠醛的加香效果最为显著。
在不同裂解温度下,淫羊藿浸膏产生了大量裂解产物包括醇、酚、酮、醛、酸、杂环类、苯及其同系物等多种化合物,其中含量相对较高的有糠醛、愈创木酚、糠醇、3-糠醛、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、苯酚、对苯二酚、2-环戊烯酮、2,4-二甲基苯酚、羟基丙酮、对二甲苯等物质,主要为醛酮类化合物、呋喃类化合物以及芳香族化合物。
酚类化合物主要是由于木脂素的降解,随着温度不断上升,木脂素间各种化合建如β-5’,β-β等键断裂产生各种中间体,中间体再通过脱水、去甲基化、去甲氧基化、缩合重排产生各种酚类化合物,如苯酚、对甲基苯酚、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、愈创木酚、2-甲酚等[25]
醛酮类化合物主要是由半纤维素类裂解产生,随着温度的升高,经过环裂形成开口链中间体再以不同排列方式环化形成醛酮类化合物[25]
呋喃类化合物主要由纤维素类物质裂解产生,其中,淫羊藿浸膏在裂解后产生糠醛相对较多,推测糠醛才是产生烤烟香和焦糖香的主要物质。根据Chu等[26]的研究,糠醛的产生主要有两种途径:直接生成途径和间接生成途径。热裂解生成糠醛反应较为复杂,主要是在高温下发生1,4-糖苷键的断裂,随后经过一系列脱水重排等步骤生成各种复杂中间体,最终形成糠醛。
芳香族化合物的产生则是随着裂解温度的升高,裂解的复杂程度也随之升高,由小分子的醛酮类化合物逐步向芳香族化合物过渡,裂解产物中苯环自由基或较短的芳基自由基进一步缩合聚合形成萘等稠环化合物,这与本文的实验结果相似。
综合上述分析推测,在150~300 ℃时,淫羊藿提取物中的纤维素、半纤维素类物质由于发生糖苷键的断裂和脱水重排形成了大量的醛酮类、呋喃类化合物,而淫羊藿中的一些木脂素类化合物以及含脂肪链等基团的化合物易产生苯酚、对苯二酚等化合物,这部分裂解成分在450 ℃时又通过缩合聚合形成萘等稠环芳烃。
电子鼻技术具有响应时间短、检测速度快、重复性好、操作简单等优点,可用于食品的质量监控,香味物质的评价分析等[27]。本研究首次利用电子鼻分析不同浓度乙醇提取的淫羊藿醇提物的挥发性香味成分差异,60%浓度乙醇提取所得的淫羊藿提取物所含香味成分显著多于其他浓度组,如月桂烯、橙花醛等具有柠檬香气,乙酸乙酯等具有焦糖气息。这些物质多数均已有文献报道能够明显改善卷烟抽吸品质。
基于将淫羊藿醇提物作为卷烟的香味添加剂的目的,醇提液乙醇浓度不宜过高,因此先通过电子鼻技术确定提取淫羊藿的乙醇浓度,再对其余因素进行优化,这与杨茹等[28]的淫羊藿醇提工艺将乙醇浓度作为单因素进行工艺优化有所不同。根据电子鼻分析的结果,以60%浓度的乙醇为标准,再进行单因素实验和正交实验筛选出最佳提取工艺,最终确定最佳提取工艺条件。先确定主要因素再进行传统工艺优化的方式为中药材投入于烟草行业的应用提供了一定程度的理论基础。
TG-GC-MS常用于模拟燃烧过程挥发性物质的释放规律。以往有关中草药热裂解研究均在固定温度下进行,如闫克玉、于静等[29]分别在300、600、900 ℃下裂解金银花挥发油,然而卷烟燃烧是1个连续动态的过程,固定温度的热裂解无法真实反映添加物在卷烟中的实际变化。本研究通过TG-GC-MS所得TG曲线、DTG曲线分析淫羊藿醇提物失重速率变化,分析得出淫羊藿醇提物在高温条件下裂解反应的关键温度节点为150、300、450 ℃,再分析淫羊藿浸膏在这3个温度下的挥发性香味成分,其结果更接近于实际情况。
本研究仍存在一些不足之处,一是虽然对淫羊藿热裂解产物产生机制进行了推测,但并未将电子鼻所得的淫羊藿醇提物热裂解前的香味成分与热裂解后的产物联系起来,二是对淫羊藿醇提物的热裂解是单独进行的,当淫羊藿醇提物添加于卷烟烟丝,在卷烟燃烧过程中,或有可能与烟丝中的成分发生反应继而产生新物质,这有待于进一步深入研究。
综上所述,淫羊藿香味物质中含有较多致香化学成分,是一种理想的天然烟用原料。本研究通过对淫羊藿醇提物挥发性香味成分的电子鼻分析以及对淫羊藿醇提物热裂解产物的研究及其产物产生的机制推测,为其在卷烟中的应用提供一定的理论依据。
  • 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(H202203)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136
  • 接收时间:2024-03-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-02
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江苏中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(H202203)
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    1.南京中医药大学第三临床医学院,南京 210028
    2.中国药科大学中药学院,南京 210009
    3.江苏中烟工业有限责任公司,南京 210019

通讯作者:

** 张健 Tel: 13815863503; E-mail: ;
曹毅 Tel: 13814037412; E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0136
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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