Article(id=1240688785185362061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0146, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773732857271, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1727625600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773732857271, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773732857271, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773732857271, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240688783964819588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='9', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1645', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773732856979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773733032821, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240689521587712628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240688783964819588, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1504, endPage=1512, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240688785483157650, articleId=1240688785185362061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction LC-MS/MS method, columnId=1240688785420243088, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analysis·ActivityAnalysi, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To establish a liquid-liquid extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of the concentration of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma. Methods: Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid and the internal standard Apixaban-13C-d3(IS) were added to 0.1 mL of human blank plasma. 50 μL of ionization reagent (20% formic acid solution), 490 μL of ethyl acetate and 210 μL of methyl tert-butyl ether were used as extractant. The supernatant was dried by nitrogen, and the residue was dissolved with 200 μL acetonitrile-water (1∶1) containing 0.2% formic acid. And 5 μL of resulting solution was injected to the LC-MS/MS for analysis. Chromatographic conditions: the saparation was performed on a Boston Μni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm)column with mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(mobile phase A)and 0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution(mobile phase B)by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min-1, the temperature of column was 40 ℃. The sample volume was 5 μL, and the temperature of the sampler was 4 ℃. Mass spectrometry conditions: multiple reaction montoring(MRM) was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a ESI source in the positive mode. The detection ion pairs were m/z 823.4→453.3(glycyrrhizic acid), m/z 471.4→189.0 (glycyrrhetinic acid)and m/z 464.3→447.1(IS) respectively. Results: The calibration curves were linear over the concentrion ranges of 0.5-80 ng·mL-1 for glycyrrhizic acid and 2-800 ng·mL-1 for glycyrrhetinic acid (r>0.99) in the plasma, the lower limits of quantifications (LLOQ) were 0.5 ng·mL-1(glycyrrhizic acid) and 2 ng·mL-1(glycyrrhetinic acid), respectively. Inter-and intra-batch precisions (RSDs) were less than 6.8%, and the accuracy ranged from 92.3% to 104.2%. The recovery rates of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were about 28.0% and 40.0% separately, and the recoveries of IS were about 65.0%, the precision (RSDs) were less than 7.9%. The normalized matrix factors of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were about 1, and the precision (RSDs) were less than 7.3%. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, simple, rapid and applicable to simultaneous determination of the concentration of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-ying CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xian-li LUO, Xiao-ying CHEN, Yuan LI, Dong-mei SUN, Ming-hui ZHANG, Shan-qi LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240688788746326251, articleId=1240688785185362061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=液液萃取LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸, columnId=1240688785558655126, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析·活性分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:建立液液萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定人血浆中甘草酸、甘草次酸的浓度。方法:在0.1 mL人空白血浆中加入甘草酸、甘草次酸及内标物Apixaban-13C-d3(IS),离子化试剂(20%甲酸溶液)50 μL,以乙酸乙酯490 μL、甲基叔丁基醚210 μL为萃取剂,萃取后上清液氮气吹干,再用含0.2%甲酸的[乙腈-水(1∶1)]溶液200 μL复溶,进行LC-MS/MS分析。色谱条件:采用Boston Mni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.2%甲酸水溶液-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速0.6 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样体积5 μL,进样器温度4 ℃;质谱条件:采用电喷雾离子源(ESI+),选择多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定量分析,检测离子对分别为m/z 823.4→453.3(甘草酸)、m/z 471.4→189.0(甘草次酸)和m/z 464.3→447.1(IS)。结果:血浆中甘草酸和甘草次酸质量浓度分别在0.5~80 ng·mL-1和2~800 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99),最低定量浓度分别为0.5 ng·mL-1和2 ng·mL-1。批内、批间精密度(RSD)均<6.8%,准确度在92.3%~104.2%;甘草酸和甘草次酸的提取回收率分别约为28.0%和40.0%,IS的提取回收率约为65%,RSD均小于7.9%;甘草酸和甘草次酸的内标归一化基质因子均约为1,RSD均小于7.3%。结论:该方法灵敏、准确、简便、快速,可用于人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸的同时测定。

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* Tel: 13592590631; E-mail:
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Tel: 13939007521; E-mail:

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Biol Pharm Bull200124(10):1108, articleTitle=Effect of pH on metabolism of glycyrrhizin,glycyrrhetic acid and glycyrrhetic acid monoglucuronide by collected human intestinal flora., refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240704454127833546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704454132027852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, companyId=1240704454127833546, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Lepu Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Zhengzhou 45000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240704454140416461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, companyId=1240704454127833546, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=乐普药业股份有限公司,郑州 450000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240704459320382069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid responses (average peak area,n =3) in the samples of the lower limit quantitation (LLOQ,A) and upper limit quantitation (ULOQ,B) with different extractant systems, figureFileSmall=iSe3blQtmOCxDec/PY5aTA==, figureFileBig=3hWLX9DbSPOf2M7JSGFfBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459433628281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同萃取剂体系下定量下限(LLOQ,A)和定量上限(ULOQ,B)样品溶液中甘草酸、甘草次酸响应(以峰面积平均值,n=3)比较图

正己烷-乙酸乙酯(n-hexane-ethyl acetate):a.5∶5 b.1∶9 c.2∶8 d.3∶7

, figureFileSmall=iSe3blQtmOCxDec/PY5aTA==, figureFileBig=3hWLX9DbSPOf2M7JSGFfBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459597206142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Typical chromatograms, figureFileSmall=wEh6AXwJJg4dfwn9wc7J1g==, figureFileBig=W/cVkk36BEe1WXTNlnnldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459685286528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=图2, caption=典型色谱图

A.空白血浆(blank plasma) B.空白血浆+内标+甘草酸(12 ng·mL-1)+甘草次酸(90 ng·mL-1)[blank plasma+IS+glycyrrhizic acid (12 ng·mL-1)+glycyrrhetinic acid(90 ng·mL-1)] C.健康受试者口服复方甘草酸苷片(n=3)后24 h的血浆样品(a plasma sample from one healthy volunteer 24 h after oral administration of compound glycyrrhizin tablets)

, figureFileSmall=wEh6AXwJJg4dfwn9wc7J1g==, figureFileBig=W/cVkk36BEe1WXTNlnnldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459777561223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The mean plasma concentration-time curves of glycyrrhizic acid(A) and glycyrrhetinic acid(B) after oral administration of test and reference preparation of compound glycyrrhizin tablets in 24 healthy volunteers, figureFileSmall=Jh6Ms/e96fQnaDPUgCZeew==, figureFileBig=z8f5izlWeeBSc26cOU+v9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459869835914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=图3, caption=24例健康受试者口服复方甘草酸苷片受试和参比制剂后甘草酸(A)和甘草次酸(B)的平均血药浓度-时间曲线(n=24), figureFileSmall=Jh6Ms/e96fQnaDPUgCZeew==, figureFileBig=z8f5izlWeeBSc26cOU+v9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704459983082126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The structural formula of glycyrrhizic acid(A)、glycyrrhetinic acid(B) and Apixaban-13C-d3(C), figureFileSmall=tSDGhQiCnLYBvUtr/rTtOA==, figureFileBig=pZBAmdNCgoPqdBLKPlRH+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704460083745429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=图4, caption=甘草酸(A)、甘草次酸(B)和Apixaban-13C-d3(C)的结构式, figureFileSmall=tSDGhQiCnLYBvUtr/rTtOA==, figureFileBig=pZBAmdNCgoPqdBLKPlRH+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240704460184408727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Intra-and inter-batch accuracies and precisions of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in QC plasma samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
C/(ng·mL-1批内(intra-batch)(n=6)批间(inter-batch)(n=18)
RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)1.5-0.825.6-1.71.7
10-0.022.7-1.21.0
602.73.2-0.222.5
甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)6-4.65.8-0.094.4
75-2.86.81.33.5
600-7.74.1-3.44.1
), ArticleFig(id=1240704460293460637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

血浆质控样品中甘草酸和甘草次酸测定批内、批间的准确度和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
C/(ng·mL-1批内(intra-batch)(n=6)批间(inter-batch)(n=18)
RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)1.5-0.825.6-1.71.7
10-0.022.7-1.21.0
602.73.2-0.222.5
甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)6-4.65.8-0.094.4
75-2.86.81.33.5
600-7.74.1-3.44.1
), ArticleFig(id=1240704460377346721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The matrix effects and extaction recoveries of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid and IS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
C/(ng·mL-1基质效应(matrix effects)(n=6)提取回收率(extaction recovery)
基质因子
(matrix factor)
归一化基质因子
(normalized matrix factor)
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)1.50.991.023.727.54.9
100.940.983.627.45.7
600.940.994.028.34.6
甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)60.991.024.239.65.2
750.991.035.841.03.0
6000.981.037.341.77.9
IS20.97/3.864.04.4
0.96/4.165.32.6
0.95/4.566.73.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240704460452844198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甘草酸、甘草次酸和内标的基质效应及提取回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
C/(ng·mL-1基质效应(matrix effects)(n=6)提取回收率(extaction recovery)
基质因子
(matrix factor)
归一化基质因子
(normalized matrix factor)
RSD/%回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)1.50.991.023.727.54.9
100.940.983.627.45.7
600.940.994.028.34.6
甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)60.991.024.239.65.2
750.991.035.841.03.0
6000.981.037.341.77.9
IS20.97/3.864.04.4
0.96/4.165.32.6
0.95/4.566.73.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240704460515758762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Main pharmacokinetic parameters in 24 healthy volunteers after oral administration of test and reference preparation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
(parameter)
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)
受试制剂
(test preparation)
参比制剂
(reference preparation)
受试制剂
(test preparation)
参比制剂
(reference preparation)
AUC0-t/(ng·h·mL-1)220.03±131.36204.26±119.925 307.46±2 192.815 465.61±2 144.98
AUC0-∞/(ng·h·mL-1)212.76±129.78197.07±118.724 739.94±2 176.314 862.18±2 250.06
Cmax/(ng·mL-1)20.36±12.4620.20±10.57300.21±167.91309.88±185.86
t1/2/h6.58±1.915.56±1.308.9±5.4510.34±6.33
tmax/h4.53±2.603.92±2.5014.85±7.2414.33±5.64
), ArticleFig(id=1240704460620616366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240688785185362061, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

24名健康受试者口服受试制剂或参比制剂后的主要药动学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数
(parameter)
甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)
受试制剂
(test preparation)
参比制剂
(reference preparation)
受试制剂
(test preparation)
参比制剂
(reference preparation)
AUC0-t/(ng·h·mL-1)220.03±131.36204.26±119.925 307.46±2 192.815 465.61±2 144.98
AUC0-∞/(ng·h·mL-1)212.76±129.78197.07±118.724 739.94±2 176.314 862.18±2 250.06
Cmax/(ng·mL-1)20.36±12.4620.20±10.57300.21±167.91309.88±185.86
t1/2/h6.58±1.915.56±1.308.9±5.4510.34±6.33
tmax/h4.53±2.603.92±2.5014.85±7.2414.33±5.64
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液液萃取LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸
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骆献丽 , 陈晓英 * , 李原 , 孙冬梅 , 张明辉 , 刘山崎
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析·活性分析 2024,44(9): 1504-1512
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析·活性分析 2024, 44(9): 1504-1512
液液萃取LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸
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骆献丽 , 陈晓英* , 李原, 孙冬梅, 张明辉, 刘山崎
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  • 乐普药业股份有限公司,郑州 450000
  • Tel: 13939007521; E-mail:

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* Tel: 13592590631; E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction LC-MS/MS method
Xian-li LUO , Xiao-ying CHEN* , Yuan LI, Dong-mei SUN, Ming-hui ZHANG, Shan-qi LIU
Affiliations
  • Lepu Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Zhengzhou 45000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0146
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目的:建立液液萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定人血浆中甘草酸、甘草次酸的浓度。方法:在0.1 mL人空白血浆中加入甘草酸、甘草次酸及内标物Apixaban-13C-d3(IS),离子化试剂(20%甲酸溶液)50 μL,以乙酸乙酯490 μL、甲基叔丁基醚210 μL为萃取剂,萃取后上清液氮气吹干,再用含0.2%甲酸的[乙腈-水(1∶1)]溶液200 μL复溶,进行LC-MS/MS分析。色谱条件:采用Boston Mni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.2%甲酸水溶液-0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速0.6 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样体积5 μL,进样器温度4 ℃;质谱条件:采用电喷雾离子源(ESI+),选择多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定量分析,检测离子对分别为m/z 823.4→453.3(甘草酸)、m/z 471.4→189.0(甘草次酸)和m/z 464.3→447.1(IS)。结果:血浆中甘草酸和甘草次酸质量浓度分别在0.5~80 ng·mL-1和2~800 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r>0.99),最低定量浓度分别为0.5 ng·mL-1和2 ng·mL-1。批内、批间精密度(RSD)均<6.8%,准确度在92.3%~104.2%;甘草酸和甘草次酸的提取回收率分别约为28.0%和40.0%,IS的提取回收率约为65%,RSD均小于7.9%;甘草酸和甘草次酸的内标归一化基质因子均约为1,RSD均小于7.3%。结论:该方法灵敏、准确、简便、快速,可用于人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸的同时测定。

液液萃取  /  甘草酸苷  /  甘草酸  /  甘草次酸  /  液质联用  /  复方甘草酸苷片  /  代谢物

Objective: To establish a liquid-liquid extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of the concentration of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma. Methods: Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid and the internal standard Apixaban-13C-d3(IS) were added to 0.1 mL of human blank plasma. 50 μL of ionization reagent (20% formic acid solution), 490 μL of ethyl acetate and 210 μL of methyl tert-butyl ether were used as extractant. The supernatant was dried by nitrogen, and the residue was dissolved with 200 μL acetonitrile-water (1∶1) containing 0.2% formic acid. And 5 μL of resulting solution was injected to the LC-MS/MS for analysis. Chromatographic conditions: the saparation was performed on a Boston Μni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm)column with mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution(mobile phase A)and 0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution(mobile phase B)by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min-1, the temperature of column was 40 ℃. The sample volume was 5 μL, and the temperature of the sampler was 4 ℃. Mass spectrometry conditions: multiple reaction montoring(MRM) was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a ESI source in the positive mode. The detection ion pairs were m/z 823.4→453.3(glycyrrhizic acid), m/z 471.4→189.0 (glycyrrhetinic acid)and m/z 464.3→447.1(IS) respectively. Results: The calibration curves were linear over the concentrion ranges of 0.5-80 ng·mL-1 for glycyrrhizic acid and 2-800 ng·mL-1 for glycyrrhetinic acid (r>0.99) in the plasma, the lower limits of quantifications (LLOQ) were 0.5 ng·mL-1(glycyrrhizic acid) and 2 ng·mL-1(glycyrrhetinic acid), respectively. Inter-and intra-batch precisions (RSDs) were less than 6.8%, and the accuracy ranged from 92.3% to 104.2%. The recovery rates of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were about 28.0% and 40.0% separately, and the recoveries of IS were about 65.0%, the precision (RSDs) were less than 7.9%. The normalized matrix factors of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were about 1, and the precision (RSDs) were less than 7.3%. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate, simple, rapid and applicable to simultaneous determination of the concentration of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma.

liquid-liquid extraction  /  glycyrrhizin  /  glycyrrhizic acid  /  glycyrrhetinic acid  /  LC-MS/MS  /  compound glycyrrhizin tablets  /  metabolite
骆献丽, 陈晓英, 李原, 孙冬梅, 张明辉, 刘山崎. 液液萃取LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及甘草次酸. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1504 -1512 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0146
Xian-li LUO, Xiao-ying CHEN, Yuan LI, Dong-mei SUN, Ming-hui ZHANG, Shan-qi LIU. Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction LC-MS/MS method[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (9) : 1504 -1512 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0146
复方甘草酸苷片由甘草酸单铵、甘氨酸和蛋氨酸组成。主要适应症为治疗治疗慢性肝病,改善肝功能异常。可用于治疗湿疹、皮肤炎、斑秃。甘草酸单铵主要成分为甘草酸,甘草酸具有抗炎、保护肝功能、抗病毒、免疫调节等药理作用[1],在临床应用发挥主要作用,在体内经不同方式水解转换为甘草次酸而发挥疗效[2]。目前,主要代谢产物甘草次酸检测方法有液相色谱法[3-5]和LC-MS/MS法[6-16],原型药物甘草酸的检测方法及原型药物与其代谢产物甘草次酸同时检测的方法报道极少,文献[17]报道采用LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸和甘草次酸,但样品处理使用样本量较大、且使用固相萃取柱进行样品处理,成本耗费较大。本研究采用液液萃取的样品处理方法,减少样本量,降低样品测定成本。本文旨在建立灵敏度高,高效、准确、可靠、经济的LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及其代谢物甘草次酸的浓度。
AB SCIEX ExionLC-QTRAP5500高效液相色谱仪-三重四极杆线性离子阱质谱仪(AB SCIEX公司)及Analyst1.6.3色谱工作站;色谱柱为Boston Mni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm,120Å);XP6型十万分之一电子分析天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器上海有限公司);VORTEX-5型涡旋混合器(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);NDK200-1A型96孔氮吹仪(杭州米欧仪器有限公司);MTV-100型多管漩涡混合仪(杭州奥盛仪器有限公司);PCR-S EALER型封膜机(北京鼎昊源科技有限公司);H2050R型医用离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司)。
甲醇(质谱纯)、乙腈(质谱纯)购于Fisher公司,甲酸(色谱纯,Dikmapure公司),水为蒸馏水(屈臣氏公司),对照品甘草酸铵(批号110731-201418,含量以甘草酸铵93.1%计)、甘草次酸(批号110723-201514,含量99.3%)购于中国食品药品检定研究院,内标(internal standard,IS)Apixaban-13C-d3(TLC公司,批号1869-012A5,纯度98.7%)。
采用Boston Μni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,以0.2% 甲酸水溶液为流动相A,0.2% 甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱(0~0.5 min,35% B→45% B;0.5~1.0 min,45% B→70% B;1.0~2.5 min,70% B;2.5~3.3 min,70% B→95% B;3.3~4.0 min,95% B→35% B),流速0.6 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样体积5 μL,自动进样器温度4 ℃。
电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式采集,多反应离子监测模式(MRM),甘草酸的监测离子m/z 823.4/453.3(碰撞能为35 V、去簇电压为200 V),甘草次酸的监测离子m/z 471.4/189.0(碰撞能为45 V、去簇电压为180 V),内标(IS)Apixaban-13C-d3的监测离子m/z 464.3/447.1(碰撞能为30 V、去簇电压为170 V),电喷雾电压5 500 V,涡旋离子喷雾温度550 ℃,气帘气2.1×105 Pa,碰撞池气体Medium,雾化气(Gas 1)3.4×105Pa,辅助气(Gas 2)3.8×105 Pa,入口电压10 V,碰撞室出口电压(CXP)13 V,驻留时间100 ms。
分别取甘草酸铵(以甘草酸计)、甘草次酸对照品适量,精密称定,用甲醇溶解并稀释制成每1 mL中约含0.5 mg的溶液;精密量取适量,用稀释剂[甲醇-水(1∶1)]逐级稀释制成每1 mL约含甘草酸0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.24、0.6、1.28、1.6 μg和甘草次酸0.04、0.08、0.2、0.6、1.8、4.8、12.8、16 μg系列浓度的混合对照品溶液。
取Apixaban-13C-d3对照品适量,精密称定,用甲醇溶解并稀释制成每1 mL中约含0.5 mg的溶液;精密量取适量,用稀释剂[甲醇-水(1∶1)]稀释制成每1 mL中约含2 ng的溶液。溶液均置于4 ℃冰箱贮存备用。
精密量取对照品溶液适量,用空白血浆稀释制成每1 mL中约含甘草酸0.5、1、2、4、12、30、64、80 ng和甘草次酸2、4、10、30、90、240、640、800 ng系列浓度的标准曲线血浆。
精密量取对照品溶液适量,用空白血浆稀释制成每1 mL中约含甘草酸1.5、10、60 ng和甘草次酸6、75、600 ng的低、中、高3个浓度水平的血浆质控样品。
上述血浆质控样品溶液置于-80 ℃冰箱贮存备用,标准曲线血浆临用新鲜配制。
精密量取血浆样品100 μL至96孔深板中,加入甲醇-水(1∶1)(空白试剂、空白血浆)或内标工作溶液(零浓度样品、标准曲线血浆、质控样品、血浆样品)25 μL,依次往每个血浆样品中加入20%甲酸溶液50 μL、乙酸乙酯490 μL、甲基叔丁基醚210 μL,涡旋混合5 min,在4 ℃,3 500 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液500 μL,用N2吹干,用含0.2%甲酸的[乙腈-水(1∶1)]溶液200 μL复溶,涡旋混合后,在4 ℃,3 500 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液进行LC-MS/MS分析。
按照“2.2.1”和“2.2.3”项下操作方法,配制定量下限(LLOQ)和定量上限(ULOQ)样品血浆,分别平行制备3份,采用“2.2.4”项下血浆样品处理方式,使用正己烷、甲基叔丁基醚(methyltert-butylether,MTBE)与乙酸乙酯配制成不同比例的混合溶液作为萃取溶剂,分析结果详见图1。由结果可知,在含有正己烷的萃取剂中,甘草次酸响应均较强,甘草酸随着乙酸乙酯的比例增大而增大;在含有甲基叔丁基醚的萃取剂中,甘草次酸响应相对较强,LLOQ响应可满足测定要求,甘草酸随着乙酸乙酯的比例增大亦呈增大趋势。2种体系的萃取剂,甘草次酸的响应均可以满足测定要求的条件下,等比例时相比,含有甲基叔丁基醚体系的萃取剂中甘草酸的响应较强,如图1-d、f的萃取条件下,前者LLOQ样品中甘草酸未出峰,ULOQ样品中甘草酸响应较弱。MTBE-乙酸乙酯(3∶7)萃取条件下,甘草酸和甘草次酸均的灵敏度均可以满足测定要求,由此确定本研究使用液液萃取溶剂为MTBE-乙酸乙酯(3∶7)。并对萃取溶剂的加入方式(样品处理过程:①加入按照萃取溶剂比例配制的MTBE和乙酸乙酯混合溶液;②按照萃取溶剂比例依次加入MTBE和乙酸乙酯;③按照萃取溶剂比例依次加入乙酸乙酯和MTBE 3种方式)进行考察,结果发现MTBE和乙酸乙酯加入方式对甘草酸提取效果无明显影响;对甘草次酸提取效果略有响应,影响大小顺序为方式3、方式1、方式2,甘草次酸响应较好,萃取剂加入方式不影响其测定,便于操作采用方式3。
按“2.2.4”和“2.1”项下的样品处理方法及分析方法条件,本实验考察了6个不同来源的空白血浆。空白血浆、空白血浆+内标、空白血浆+甘草酸、甘草次酸的对照品溶液及受试者服药后24 h血浆样品的典型色谱见图2。由结果可知,甘草酸、甘草次酸和内标(IS)的峰保留时间分别约为0.94、2.11和0.67 min。空白血浆中待测物和内标出峰处均无干扰,给药后血浆中甘草酸与未知峰1、甘草次酸与未知峰2可完全分离,且其他内源性基质不干扰待测物及内标的测定,表明方法选择性良好。
按照“2.2.3”和“2.2.4”项下方法操作,制备标准曲线血浆,按“2.1”项下方法进行测定,以甘草酸、甘草次酸血浆标准曲线溶液中的峰面积与内标峰面积的比值Y分别为纵坐标,以甘草酸、甘草次酸血浆标准曲线溶液的质量浓度C为纵坐标,采用加权最小二乘法,权重系数1/C2,进行线性拟合,得甘草酸和甘草次酸的线性方程:
表明甘草酸和甘草次酸的质量浓度在0.5~80 ng·mL-1和2~800 ng·mL-1线性关系良好。
按照“2.2.3”和“2.2.4”项方法,制备6份LLOQ浓度的血浆标准曲线溶液,按“2.1”项条件进行测定,连续3 d,结果显示,甘草酸和甘草次酸在LLOQ浓度的血浆标准曲线溶液中的准确度分别为(99.2±7.7)%和(101.2±6.8)%,RSD分为7.8%和6.7%,表明本方法LLOQ准确度和精密度良好。
按照“2.2.3”和“2.2.4”项下方法操作,制备低、中、高3个浓度的血浆质控样品,各浓度平行6份,按“2.1”项条件进行测定,连续3 d,考察批内、批间的准确度和精密度,结果见表1。批内、批间的准确度在92.3%~104.2%范围内,其平均准确度偏差(RE)在±15%以内及精密度(RSD)均小于15%,表明本方法批内、批间的准确度和精密度良好。
取6份不同来源的空白血浆,按照“2.2.3”和“2.2.4”项方法制备6份不同来源的空白基质样品,经萃取吹干后加入甘草酸、甘草次酸对照品溶液和IS溶液适量,用复溶剂复溶后,按“2.1”项条件进行测定,以甘草酸、甘草次酸和IS的峰面积与相同浓度不存在基质样品测定的峰面积平均值之比计算基质因子,以甘草酸和甘草次酸基质因子与IS基质因子之比计算内标归一化的基质因子,结果见表3。甘草酸、甘草次酸和IS的基质因子的RSD均小于15%,甘草酸、甘草次酸的内标归一化基质因子的RSD均小于15%,符合测定要求。
按照“2.2.3”和“2.2.4”项下方法制备低、中、高3个浓度的血浆质控样品,各浓度平行6份,按“2.1”项条件进行测定,以甘草酸和甘草次酸的峰面积与相同浓度不存在基质样品测定的峰面积的平均值之比计算提取回收率,结果见表2。血浆质控样品中甘草酸、甘草次酸和IS提取回收率相对较低,但其提取回收率的RSD均小于15%,且响应强度满足测定灵敏度要求,表明提取回收率符合测定需求。
据文献[17]报道,甘草酸和甘草次酸在血浆样品中,室温条件下放置4 h内稳定;(-20±5) ℃或(-80±10) ℃条件下放置3个月内均稳定;反复冻融试验(-80±10) ℃至室温条件,3个冻融循环)及样品处理后(5±4) ℃条件下放置48 h内均稳定;标准溶液在(5±4) ℃条件下贮存3个月内稳定,在室温条件下放置4h内稳定。因本研究中在文献[17]样品处理方法上进行改进,将在原来的复溶剂0.1%甲酸的[乙腈-水(1∶1)]改为0.2%甲酸的[乙腈-水(1∶1)],色谱系统基本一致,故未再进行稳定性相关的考察研究。
空腹用药试验为单中心、单剂量、开放、随机、交叉、两制剂、4周期、两序列、全重复、参比制剂标度的平均生物等效性试验。24名中国健康男性受试者,年龄≥18周岁,体重不低于50.0 kg,体重指数(BMI)在(19.0~26.0 kg·m-2范围内(包括临界值)。本研究受试者均签署知情同意书,并经伦理委员会批准。复方甘草酸苷片受试制剂(T,乐普药业股份有限公司)、参比制剂(R,商品名美能,由日本米诺发源制药株式会社持证,秋山片剂株式会社生产,卫材(中国)药业有限公司分装)的用药剂量均为3片(每片含甘草酸苷25 mg、甘氨酸25 mg、蛋氨酸25 mg)。受试者空腹至少10 h,空腹口服3片受试制剂(T)或参比制剂(R),温开水约240 mL送服。清洗期为7 d。每周期给药0 h(用药前1 h内)和用药后0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、24、36、48和72 h采集血样,置EDTA-K2采血管中,摇匀,2 500 r·min-1离心(4 ℃)5 min,分离血浆样品,并于-80 ℃冷冻保存。按照“2.2.4”和“2.2”项方法进行测定。采用SAS V9.4软件处理受试者空腹口服受试制剂和参比制剂后甘草酸、甘草次酸的浓度-时间数据,非房室模型法计算甘草酸、甘草次酸的药代动力学参数Cmaxtmax、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞t1/2等,结果见表3,平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图3。以甘草酸、甘草次酸的主要药代动力学参数Cmax、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞为指标进行生物等效性评价。并根据相对生物利用度F=(AUC0-t,T×DoseT)/(AUC0-t,R×DoseR)×100%,计算相对生物利用度F。受试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞经对数转换后进行方差分析,其几何均值比的90%置信区间均在80.00%~125.00%范围内,可认为空腹状态下受试制剂与参比制剂在健康中国人体内生物等效。
本实验采用液液萃取方式进行样品处理。文献报道,甘草次酸的血浆样品处理方式为蛋白沉淀、液液萃取、过固相萃取柱等方式进行样品处理。使用固相萃取柱缺点为成本昂贵,样本使用量大。故直接进行蛋白沉淀和液液萃取2种方式处理样品,乙酸乙酯、正己烷、甲基叔丁基醚、不同比例的乙酸乙酯-正己烷及乙酸乙酯-甲基叔丁基醚等试剂为萃取剂,以不同浓度的醋酸和甲酸溶液为离子化试剂进行考察。结果发现:采用甲基叔丁基醚为萃取剂时,甘草酸提取效果较差,不能满足测定要求;采用乙酸乙酯为萃取剂时,甘草次酸和甘草酸的响应均较好,但大批量进样后出现分析物及内标响应不稳定情况,基于血浆样品中少量磷脂等被提取出来,产生基质背景,影响目标物分析。选择乙酸乙酯与甲基叔丁基醚或正己烷不同比例的混合溶剂,进行萃取溶剂筛选,一是利于消除基质背景,二是可以缩短经萃取获得上清液的浓缩时间(用氮气吹干的过程)。最终以Apixaban-13C-d3为内标物及乙酸乙酯-甲基叔丁基醚(7∶3)为萃取剂,以20%甲酸为离子化试剂时,甘草酸和甘草次酸基质效应相对较好,且响应较高,能满足测定需求。
内标物选择基本原则为内标物与目标分析物结构相似、性质相似、互不干扰,推荐使用目标分析物的同位素化合物作为内标物。
本研究开展时未能获得甘草酸和甘草次酸的同位素标准物质,根据文献及实验室现有化合物进行筛选,文献报道甘草次酸及甘草酸的内标物有原儿茶酸[3],普萘洛尔[7]、格列喹酮[8]、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2[14]、格列本脲[15]、α-常春藤皂苷[16-17]、齐墩果酸[19]、酮洛芬[20]、熊果酸[2,18,21]、氯霉素[22]、奥美拉唑[23]及文献[14]汇总的内标物等,其结构均与甘草酸和甘草次酸有近似之处,但相差较远。由此,在不同样品处理方式下,利用实验室现有格列喹酮、α-常春藤皂苷、氯沙坦钾、氯沙坦酸、瑞舒伐他汀钙、阿托伐他汀钙、他克莫司、替格瑞洛代谢物、缬沙坦-d3、利伐沙班-d4、Apixaban-13C-d3等多种化合物为内标物,于不同沉淀剂、不同萃取剂体系中,进行内标物筛选,结果可知以乙酸乙酯-甲基叔丁基醚(7∶3)为萃取剂、以20%甲酸为离子化试剂,Apixaban-13C-d3为内标物时,甘草酸和甘草次酸的基质效应均较好,符合测定要求,结果证实Apixaban-13C-d3可以作为甘草酸和甘草次酸的内标物。甘草酸、甘草次酸和Apixaban-13C-d3的结构式见图4,利用阿哌沙班与其同位素化合物(Apixaban-13C-d3)性质相似,可进一步采用阿哌沙班作为内标物进行方法考察,确定阿哌沙班可替代Apixaban-13C-d3为内标物,以降低成本。
在正离子电离方式下,通过一级和二级质谱扫描确定了定量离子对(Q1/Q3)为823.4/453.3(甘草酸)、471.4/189.0(甘草次酸);在MRM模式下,优化得到甘草酸的碰撞能(CE)为35 V、去簇电压(DP)为200 V和甘草次酸的CE为45 V、DP为180 V,其他质谱参数均采用仪器推荐值。
根据ESI+一级质谱扫描获得甘草酸和甘草次酸的母离子(Q1)特征离子峰归属均为[M+H]+,采用ESI+、MRM方式同时监测甘草酸和甘草次酸,要求提供H+的离子化环境,优先考虑挥发性酸,结果采用0.2%甲酸水溶液和0.2%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相,为二者提供了稳定的离子化环境。文献[24]报道甘草酸单铵盐(即甘草酸苷),主成分为18α,20β-甘草酸和18β,20β-甘草酸的铵盐,以18β,20β-甘草酸的铵盐为主,作为母药,甘草酸苷进入人体后便快速水解为活性代谢产物甘草次酸,以2种形式8β,20β-甘草次酸和18α,20β-甘草次酸同时存在。同时结合文献[25-26]分析,推断图1中未知峰1为18α,20β-甘草酸,未知峰2为8α,20β-甘草次酸。通过C18、Hilic、AQ及RP等色谱柱筛选,Boston Μni C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm)效果较好,甘草酸保留强,且甘草酸峰与未知峰1及甘草次酸峰与未知峰2分离效果较好,可满足分析测定要求。
本研究中甘草次酸的监测方式不同于文献报道(大部分采用ESI-),在ESI+、MRM方式下,采用液液萃取的方式处理血浆样品,获得甘草酸和甘草次酸均灵敏度较好,且经济成本低,使用样本体积小(所需样本量为100 μL),实现了甘草酸和甘草次酸同时测定,甘草酸的定量浓度为0.5~80 ng·mL-1及甘草次酸的定量浓度为2~800 ng·mL-1,均与文献[17]相当,定量下限(LLOQ)浓度均相同,文献[17]中所需样本量为500 μL,甘草酸的定量浓度为0.5~200 ng·mL-1及甘草次酸的定量浓度为2~800 ng·mL-1,但该文献中采用固相萃取方法进行血浆样品处理,固相萃取柱的使用,增加了研究成本。
本实验建立了LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中甘草酸及其代谢物甘草次酸的浓度,其样品处理方式为液液萃取,该方法具有选择性好、灵敏、准确、快速以及使用样本量少等特点,可用于测定人血浆中甘草酸及其代谢物甘草次酸的浓度。
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2024年第44卷第9期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0146
  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-09-30
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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