Article(id=1240372086145872325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.16, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676476800000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773657350336, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773657350336, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773657350336, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657350336, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240372078617096528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773657348540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657513974, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=158, endPage=167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240372086884069861, articleId=1240372086145872325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on preparations of hair quality control samples containing ketamine,norketamine and fluoroketamine*, columnId=1239148841803501731, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To explore the prepararation methods and rules of hair quality control samples which contained ketamine, norketamine or fluoroketamine, and the effects of different preparation and storage conditions on the performance of hair quality control samples.

Methods:

Different preparation conditions were compared, such as different types of soaking solutions, solutions with different target contents, different amount of blank hair etc. The performances of hair quality control samples which were prepared in different conditions were systematically analyzed, and eighteen kinds of hair quality control samples with different contents of targets and different forms were prepared according to the rules, ACN-DMSO (1∶1, v/v, added 0.02 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid) was used to soak blank hair in different time periods to prepare hair quality control samples with a wide coverage. HPLC-MS/MS instruments and BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column were used to test the content of targets in hair. Column temperature was 40 ℃, the mobile phases were aqueous solution with 0.1%(v/v) formic acid (A)-acetonitrile aqueous solution with 0.1%(v/v) formic acid (B), gradient elution (0-9 min, 5% B→100% B; 9-11 min, 100% B; 11-11.1 min, 100% B→5% B; 11.1-13 min, 5% B, a flow rats of 0.4 mL·min-1, inject volume of 1 μL. The homogeneity, short term and long term stability in different storage conditions (temperature, humidity, light conditions, etc.) were also investigated.

Results:

The influences of different preparation conditions on the hair quality control samples were determined, soaking solutions had strong influences on the hair quality control samples, however the amount of blank hair had nearly no effects. All the samples prepared were uniform, F of each sample was lower than F0.05(table) (3.02) according to the F-test method, and all the samples were stable, during storage at room temperature, refrigerated or frozen conditions for 6 months, the contents of the target substances in each sample were monitored, all of RSDs were <12%, and the t values of each sample were < t(0.05)(table) (2.131 8) according to the T-test method.

Conclusion:

This study provides preparation rules of hair quality control samples and also provides detailed reference data for subsequent preparation and storage of related hair quality control samples.

, correspAuthors=Jie CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-mei WU, Ting-ting ZHANG, Jing LI, Jie CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240372092185670254, articleId=1240372086145872325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质的毛发质控样品制备研究*, columnId=1239148842025799861, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=质量分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

探究氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质毛发质控样品的制备方法和规律,分析不同制备条件和贮存条件对毛发质控样品的性能影响。

方法:

通过比较空白毛发(不含氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的毛发)浸泡在不同种类的浸泡溶剂、不同目标物(氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮)浓度、不同酸度的浸泡试液和不同空白毛发浸泡量等条件下制备的毛发质控样品中目标物含量,系统分析了不同制备条件对毛发质控样品性能的影响,并按照研究规律采用乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,含0.02 mol·L-1盐酸)为浸泡溶液,将空白毛发浸泡不同时间段制备含量覆盖面较广的毛发质控样品;采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪,应用BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,在柱温40 ℃,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~9 min,5% B→100% B;9~11 min,100% B;11~11.1 min,100% B→5% B;11.1~13 min,5% B),流速0.4 mL·min-1,进样量1 μL的色谱条件下测定毛发质控样品中目标物含量。同时考察了1 cm段和粉末(冷冻研磨)2种状态毛发质控样品的均匀性、不同贮存条件下(温度、湿度、光照等条件)短期和长期稳定性。

结果:

确定了不同制备条件对氯胺酮等3种苯环利定类物质毛发质控样品的影响规律,发现浸泡溶液种类、浓度、酸度对毛发质控样品性能有较明显的影响,浸泡量因素对空白毛发几乎没有影响。制备的高、中、低含量的氯胺酮等3种物质的毛发质控样品,在1 cm段状态和粉末状态下均有较好的均匀性,按照F检验法计算各样品的F值均<F0.05(查表)(即3.02);且样品均较为稳定,在室温、冷藏或冷冻条件下贮存6个月期间监测各样品中目标物的含量,RSD均<12%,按照t检验法计算各目标物的t值均<t0.05(4)查表(即2.131 8)。

结论:

本研究为相关毛发质控样品的制备条件提供了较为详尽的数据,为后续毛发质控样品的制备和贮存条件提供参考。

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**Tel:(010)61957081;E-mail:
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How to validate a bio-analytical method[J]. J Forensic Med200824(1):60, articleTitle=How to validate a bio-analytical method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240376126615376874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, awardId=2021JC24, language=CN, fundingSource=*科技强警基础工作专项(2021JC24), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240376121431216798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376121439605407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, companyId=1240376121431216798, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of Ministry of Public Security, PRC, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376121464771235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, companyId=1240376121431216798, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=毒品监测管控和禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室,公安部禁毒情报技术中心,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240376124782465922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of different kinds of soaking solvent, figureFileSmall=mPgSSK14z6vAYBXHt/xcLA==, figureFileBig=uyfM779uiwR8Lk6DKLSBQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376124862157703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同浸泡溶剂浸泡效果比较, figureFileSmall=mPgSSK14z6vAYBXHt/xcLA==, figureFileBig=uyfM779uiwR8Lk6DKLSBQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376124971209614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different concentration of hydrochloric acid on contents of target substances in hair(concentration of target substance in soaking solution were 0.2,1,5,30 μg·mL-1), figureFileSmall=8TaFSh7SdTeCtXDRZ0qjow==, figureFileBig=RNBTWuFlpTCKMrw3ATE2jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125038318481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同盐酸浓度对毛发中目标物含量的影响(浸泡试液中目标物浓度0.2、1、5、30 μg·mL-1), figureFileSmall=8TaFSh7SdTeCtXDRZ0qjow==, figureFileBig=RNBTWuFlpTCKMrw3ATE2jA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125126398869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of target substances concentration in soaking solvent with low concentration hydrochloric acid on the content of target substances in hair (the amount of blank hair is 0.5,1 and 2 g), figureFileSmall=sMt4xO7GpolQeCGqGR5hWA==, figureFileBig=yy/fE6AxqRyU2vgY7wtGEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125185119129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低盐酸浸泡溶剂中目标物浓度对毛发中目标物含量的影响(浸泡空白毛发量为0.5、1和2 g时), figureFileSmall=sMt4xO7GpolQeCGqGR5hWA==, figureFileBig=yy/fE6AxqRyU2vgY7wtGEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125239645088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of the amount of hair soaking in solution on the content of target substances in hair, figureFileSmall=ECQmoj1XXetwtCODXpS0Gg==, figureFileBig=TLYIFPTXqYiETknhN4ozrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125315142568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=图4, caption=毛发浸泡量对毛发中目标物含量的影响, figureFileSmall=ECQmoj1XXetwtCODXpS0Gg==, figureFileBig=TLYIFPTXqYiETknhN4ozrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125407417259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The difference of ketamine,norketamine and fluoroketamine in hair, figureFileSmall=Gt4iJoZBPV8kXLF9gpmzsA==, figureFileBig=5rhdfJvf9vaWMj/JweuMnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125503886253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=图5, caption=毛发中氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的含量差别, figureFileSmall=Gt4iJoZBPV8kXLF9gpmzsA==, figureFileBig=5rhdfJvf9vaWMj/JweuMnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376125608743860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

MRM parameters of ketamine,normethketamine and fluoroketamine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
母离子
(precursor ion) m/z
子离子
(product ion) m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
氯胺酮(ketamine)237.9124.9436
207.0426
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)224.0124.92032
207.02015
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)222.2109.02022
191.12012
), ArticleFig(id=1240376125709407162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的MRM检测参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
母离子
(precursor ion) m/z
子离子
(product ion) m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
氯胺酮(ketamine)237.9124.9436
207.0426
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)224.0124.92032
207.02015
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)222.2109.02022
191.12012
), ArticleFig(id=1240376125810070460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Validation parameters of ketamine,normethketamine and fluoroketamine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检出限
(limit of detection)/(ng·mg-1)
定量限
(limit of quantification)/(ng·mg-1)
线性范围
(linearity of calibration)/(ng·mg-1)
精密度
(precision)/%
准确度
(accuracy)/%
提取回收率
(extraction recovery rate)/%
基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0020.010.01~83.5~9.795.2~102.993.8~110.5102.6~119.3
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0050.010.01~41.9~2.590.4~103.399.8~107.1102.9~121.8
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.002 50.010.01~81.7~3.395.3~101.095.9~100.5101.2~112.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376125931705283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的方法验证参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检出限
(limit of detection)/(ng·mg-1)
定量限
(limit of quantification)/(ng·mg-1)
线性范围
(linearity of calibration)/(ng·mg-1)
精密度
(precision)/%
准确度
(accuracy)/%
提取回收率
(extraction recovery rate)/%
基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0020.010.01~83.5~9.795.2~102.993.8~110.5102.6~119.3
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0050.010.01~41.9~2.590.4~103.399.8~107.1102.9~121.8
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.002 50.010.01~81.7~3.395.3~101.095.9~100.5101.2~112.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126028174279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Homogeneity test data of hair quality control sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品种类
(sample type)
化合物
(compound)
/(ng·mg-1)RSD/%F
低含量1 cm段样品(low content of 1 cm ample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0284.30.58
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0374.20.47
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.0274.60.28
中含量1 cm段样品(medium content of 1 cm sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.2683.70.63
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.1554.20.265
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.1353.60.4
高含量1 cm段样品(high content of 1 cm sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)1.6752.80.24
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)2.4534.60.71
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)2.082.80.44
低含量粉末状样品(low content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0244.40.28
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0353.80.3
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.0223.80.06
中含量粉末状样品(medium content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.2474.80.54
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.1573.50.08
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.1295.01.27
高含量粉末状样品(high content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)1.5472.10.32
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)2.1982.50.36
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)1.8542.10.46
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126124643279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

毛发质控样品均匀性检验数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品种类
(sample type)
化合物
(compound)
/(ng·mg-1)RSD/%F
低含量1 cm段样品(low content of 1 cm ample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0284.30.58
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0374.20.47
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.0274.60.28
中含量1 cm段样品(medium content of 1 cm sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.2683.70.63
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.1554.20.265
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.1353.60.4
高含量1 cm段样品(high content of 1 cm sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)1.6752.80.24
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)2.4534.60.71
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)2.082.80.44
低含量粉末状样品(low content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.0244.40.28
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.0353.80.3
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.0223.80.06
中含量粉末状样品(medium content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)0.2474.80.54
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)0.1573.50.08
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)0.1295.01.27
高含量粉末状样品(high content of powder sample)氯胺酮(ketamine)1.5472.10.32
去甲氯胺酮(norketamine)2.1982.50.36
氟胺酮(fluoroketamine)1.8542.10.46
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126212723671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Storage conditions

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贮存条件(storage condition)温度(temperature)湿度(humidity)光照(light condition)是否开盖(seal condition)
1室温(room temperature)22% RH避光(dark place)否(unsealed)
222% RH不避光(normal light)否(unsealed)
352% RH避光(dark place)否(unsealed)
452% RH不避光(normal light)否(unsealed)
592% RH避光(dark place)是(sealed)
6否(unsealed)
792% RH不避光(normal light)是(sealed)
8否(unsealed)
94 ℃-避光(dark place)是(sealed)
10否(unsealed)
11-不避光(normal light)是(sealed)
12否(unsealed)
13-40 ℃-避光(dark place)是(sealed)
14否(unsealed)
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126367912923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372086145872325, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

贮存环境条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮存条件(storage condition)温度(temperature)湿度(humidity)光照(light condition)是否开盖(seal condition)
1室温(room temperature)22% RH避光(dark place)否(unsealed)
222% RH不避光(normal light)否(unsealed)
352% RH避光(dark place)否(unsealed)
452% RH不避光(normal light)否(unsealed)
592% RH避光(dark place)是(sealed)
6否(unsealed)
792% RH不避光(normal light)是(sealed)
8否(unsealed)
94 ℃-避光(dark place)是(sealed)
10否(unsealed)
11-不避光(normal light)是(sealed)
12否(unsealed)
13-40 ℃-避光(dark place)是(sealed)
14否(unsealed)
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氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质的毛发质控样品制备研究*
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吴健美 , 张婷婷 , 李静 , 陈捷 **
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024,44(1): 158-167
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024, 44(1): 158-167
氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质的毛发质控样品制备研究*
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吴健美 , 张婷婷, 李静, 陈捷**
作者信息
  • 毒品监测管控和禁毒关键技术公安部重点实验室,公安部禁毒情报技术中心,北京 100193
  • Tel: (010)61957097;E-mail:

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**Tel:(010)61957081;E-mail:
Study on preparations of hair quality control samples containing ketamine,norketamine and fluoroketamine*
Jian-mei WU , Ting-ting ZHANG, Jing LI, Jie CHEN**
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of Ministry of Public Security, PRC, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.16
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目的:

探究氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质毛发质控样品的制备方法和规律,分析不同制备条件和贮存条件对毛发质控样品的性能影响。

方法:

通过比较空白毛发(不含氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的毛发)浸泡在不同种类的浸泡溶剂、不同目标物(氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮)浓度、不同酸度的浸泡试液和不同空白毛发浸泡量等条件下制备的毛发质控样品中目标物含量,系统分析了不同制备条件对毛发质控样品性能的影响,并按照研究规律采用乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,含0.02 mol·L-1盐酸)为浸泡溶液,将空白毛发浸泡不同时间段制备含量覆盖面较广的毛发质控样品;采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪,应用BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,在柱温40 ℃,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~9 min,5% B→100% B;9~11 min,100% B;11~11.1 min,100% B→5% B;11.1~13 min,5% B),流速0.4 mL·min-1,进样量1 μL的色谱条件下测定毛发质控样品中目标物含量。同时考察了1 cm段和粉末(冷冻研磨)2种状态毛发质控样品的均匀性、不同贮存条件下(温度、湿度、光照等条件)短期和长期稳定性。

结果:

确定了不同制备条件对氯胺酮等3种苯环利定类物质毛发质控样品的影响规律,发现浸泡溶液种类、浓度、酸度对毛发质控样品性能有较明显的影响,浸泡量因素对空白毛发几乎没有影响。制备的高、中、低含量的氯胺酮等3种物质的毛发质控样品,在1 cm段状态和粉末状态下均有较好的均匀性,按照F检验法计算各样品的F值均<F0.05(查表)(即3.02);且样品均较为稳定,在室温、冷藏或冷冻条件下贮存6个月期间监测各样品中目标物的含量,RSD均<12%,按照t检验法计算各目标物的t值均<t0.05(4)查表(即2.131 8)。

结论:

本研究为相关毛发质控样品的制备条件提供了较为详尽的数据,为后续毛发质控样品的制备和贮存条件提供参考。

毛发  /  质控样品  /  氯胺酮  /  去甲氯胺酮  /  氟胺酮  /  均匀性  /  稳定性  /  制备条件  /  贮存条件
Objective:

To explore the prepararation methods and rules of hair quality control samples which contained ketamine, norketamine or fluoroketamine, and the effects of different preparation and storage conditions on the performance of hair quality control samples.

Methods:

Different preparation conditions were compared, such as different types of soaking solutions, solutions with different target contents, different amount of blank hair etc. The performances of hair quality control samples which were prepared in different conditions were systematically analyzed, and eighteen kinds of hair quality control samples with different contents of targets and different forms were prepared according to the rules, ACN-DMSO (1∶1, v/v, added 0.02 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid) was used to soak blank hair in different time periods to prepare hair quality control samples with a wide coverage. HPLC-MS/MS instruments and BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column were used to test the content of targets in hair. Column temperature was 40 ℃, the mobile phases were aqueous solution with 0.1%(v/v) formic acid (A)-acetonitrile aqueous solution with 0.1%(v/v) formic acid (B), gradient elution (0-9 min, 5% B→100% B; 9-11 min, 100% B; 11-11.1 min, 100% B→5% B; 11.1-13 min, 5% B, a flow rats of 0.4 mL·min-1, inject volume of 1 μL. The homogeneity, short term and long term stability in different storage conditions (temperature, humidity, light conditions, etc.) were also investigated.

Results:

The influences of different preparation conditions on the hair quality control samples were determined, soaking solutions had strong influences on the hair quality control samples, however the amount of blank hair had nearly no effects. All the samples prepared were uniform, F of each sample was lower than F0.05(table) (3.02) according to the F-test method, and all the samples were stable, during storage at room temperature, refrigerated or frozen conditions for 6 months, the contents of the target substances in each sample were monitored, all of RSDs were <12%, and the t values of each sample were < t(0.05)(table) (2.131 8) according to the T-test method.

Conclusion:

This study provides preparation rules of hair quality control samples and also provides detailed reference data for subsequent preparation and storage of related hair quality control samples.

hair  /  quality control sample  /  ketamine  /  norketamine  /  fluoroketamine  /  homogeneity  /  stability  /  preparation conditions  /  storage conditions
吴健美, 张婷婷, 李静, 陈捷. 氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质的毛发质控样品制备研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 158 -167 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.16
Jian-mei WU, Ting-ting ZHANG, Jing LI, Jie CHEN. Study on preparations of hair quality control samples containing ketamine,norketamine and fluoroketamine*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (1) : 158 -167 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.16
随着毛发检毒技术在生物样品检测中逐渐崭露头角,毛发检毒技术快速发展,并日趋成熟,已广泛应用于社区戒毒和社区康复人员监测,特殊群体和社会面重点人员筛查等多个方面,在吸毒检测监测工作中发挥了重要作用。然而在实验室毛发检毒过程中会涉及到很多环节和不确定因素,这些都可能影响检测结果的准确性,为确保毛发检毒检测结果准确可靠,使用毛发质控样品必不可少,而且质控样品是实验室质量控制的重要组成部分,适用于方法验证、实验室能力比对等方面,因此亟需准确可靠的毛发质控样品。
毛发样品不同于尿液、唾液等液体生物样品,液体质控样品可通过滴加方式制备浓度准确且均匀的质控样品,而毛发质控样品则需要探究合适的方法让目标物均匀的进入毛发内部。迄今部分尿液和毛发质控样品应用于毒品检测方法的评估和确认[1-4]。毛发质控样品主要有2种制备方式,1种是将采集的吸毒人员毛发进行研磨混匀,如2008年Lee等[5]报道将采集的甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺阳性毛发样品进行研磨混匀制备了含这2个成分的毛发质控样品。1997年Yoshinaga等[6]报道将含有甲基汞和微量元素的真实毛发进行研磨混合制备毛发质控样品。这种制备方式较为简单,但混匀过程需要大量时间,而且需要大量的阳性毛发样品;另1种是将空白毛发(不含氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的毛发)放入含有目标物质的溶液中进行浸泡制备,如1993年Welch等[2]报道采用此方法制备了含可卡因、苯甲酰爱康宁、吗啡、可待因的毛发质控样品,用于实验室检测方法的验证。2003年Welch等[1]报道采用浸泡方式研制了SRM2379和SRM2380,分别含有可卡因、苯甲酰爱康宁等6个成分和可待因、吗啡等4个成分的毛发质控样品。2008年Lee等[7]报道制备了含甲基苯丙胺和苯丙胺的毛发质控样品。2010年Susan等[8]研制了含有苯甲酰爱康宁、美沙酮、甲基苯丙胺等7个成分的毛发质控样品SRM1959。2015年Martin等[9]制备了含赛洛新、LSD和蟾酥碱的毛发质控样品。此外1997年Pichini等[10]制备了含尼古丁和可替宁的毛发质控样品。综上,对于吸毒毛发质控样品的研究主要集中于20世纪末和21世纪初,且大部分研究报道着重于样品的含量定值和均匀性检测[11-13],以及特定条件下的稳定性[14-17],在样品制备条件、贮存条件的选择等方面没有进行系统分析比较,缺少相应的讨论和实验数据分析。
本文选取氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮3个苯环利定类物质,其中氯胺酮是1种临床广泛用于麻醉和镇痛的苯环利定类麻醉药,去甲氯胺酮是氯胺酮在人体内的主要代谢产物,氟胺酮是中国加强对氯胺酮管制后,违法犯罪集团为了逃避公安机关的打击,采用在氯胺酮分子结构基础上用氟原子取代氯原子产生的1种新型苯环利定类物质,近几年其滥用呈上升趋势,并于2021年被列管。本文将氯胺酮等3个成分毛发质控样品的制备方法进行比对分析,其中包括浸泡溶液种类、浸泡溶液中毒品成分含量和毛发浸泡量等多方面的影响因素。选取较为合适的制备方法分别制备了不同含量的毛发质控样品,检测每种样品的均匀性,并将部分质控样品通过冷冻研磨至粉末状,然后将毛发质控样品分别以1 cm段毛发和粉末状2种状态置于不同温度、湿度、光照条件下进行贮存,监测各种条件下样品的稳定性。
ACQUITY UPLC® I-Class/Xevo TQS-micro高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(Waters公司);冷冻研磨仪(万孚公司);XS105DualRange电子天平:(分度值(d) 0.1 mg,赛多利斯公司);Milli-Q Advantage A10纯水仪(Merck公司)。
甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯,Merck公司),二甲亚砜(DMSO)(色谱纯,Fisher公司),盐酸(分析纯,北京化工),甲酸(质谱纯,LC-MS级,Honeywell公司),纯水(Milli-Q纯水仪制备)。
氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮标准品,规格均为1 mg·mL-1,均购自Cerlliant公司。
采用市售空白毛发样(不含氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的毛发)60 g,依次用水4 L清洗2遍,甲醇2 L清洗1遍后,自然条件下晾干后剪成约1 cm的小段,即得。
根据浸泡条件和物质特性,本着广泛适用和系统分析的原则,每种物质分别制备低、中、高3种含量的毛发质控样品,因毛发中氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的阳性检测阈值为0.2 ng·mg-1,故以(0.2±0.1)ng·mg-1为中含量质控样品目标值,比0.2 ng·mg-1低1个数量级和高1个数量级的含量分别为低含量和高含量毛发质控样品的目标值。以乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,含0.02 mol·L-1盐酸)为浸泡溶剂,分别配制氯胺酮浸泡试液(15、15和30 μg·mL-1)、去甲氯胺酮浸泡试液(15、15和60 μg·mL-1)和氟胺酮浸泡试液(15、15和60 μg·mL-1)各300 mL于1 L烧杯中,用封口膜密封。
取质量浓度为15、15和30 μg·mL-1的氯胺酮浸泡试液各300 mL,分别加入1 cm段空白毛发9 g,依次浸泡4 h、1 d和2 d,得到含氯胺酮的低、中、高3种含量的毛发;取出3种含量的毛发,分别用2 L水清洗2遍,1 L甲醇清洗1遍,清洗后平铺晾干,即得3种含量的氯胺酮质控样品。同时,每种含量的毛发均在晾干后分别选取20个不同位置进行取样,初测均匀性。3种含量的质控样品均分为2份,其中1份分装为100 mg·瓶-1,另1份用液氮冷冻研磨仪进行冷冻研磨9 min后分装为100 mg·瓶-1
取质量浓度均分别为15、15和60 μg·mL-1的去甲氯胺酮浸泡试液和氟胺酮浸泡试液各300 mL,分别按上述方法制备低、中、高3种含量的去甲氯胺酮质控样品和氟胺酮质控样品,并同样将质控样品均分为2份,其中1份分装为100 mg·瓶-1,另1份用冷冻研磨仪进行冷冻研磨后分装为100 mg·瓶-1
取待测毛发样品约20 mg(记录称量质量)于研磨管中,加入1 mL甲醇,研磨5 min,取上清液过滤,将滤液与0.1%甲酸水溶液1∶1混合,待仪器分析。
采用Waters ACQUITY BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,柱温40 ℃,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~9 min,5% B→100% B;9~11 min,100% B;11~11.1 min,100% B→5% B;11.1~13 min,5% B),流速0.4 mL·min-1,进样量1 μL。
采用ESI+模式,离子源温度150 ℃,毛细管电压0.5 kV,去溶剂气温度500 ℃,去溶剂气流速度1 000 L·h-1,MRM参数见表1
取空白毛发样品20 mg,分别滴加适量氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮标准溶液,配制成含量为0.01、0.025、0.1、0.4、2、4、8 ng·mg-1的毛发样品,按照“2.3.1”项方法进行样品前处理,按“2.3.2”和“2.3.3”项下条件进行检测,以能够检出目标物质的最低含量为检出限。以各物质的峰面积(Y)和对应的样品浓度(X)进行线性拟合,得到目标物的定量限和线性范围,结果见表2
取空白毛发样品20 mg,分别滴适量氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮标准溶液,配制成低(0.02 ng·mg-1)、中(0.2 ng·mg-1)和高(2 ng·mg-1)3种含量的样品,每个含量平行配制6份,按照“2.3.1”项方法进行样品前处理,按“2.3.2”和“2.3.3”项下条件进行检测,记录峰面积As,计算精密度。将计算结果与真实值相比计算准确度,结果见表2
将氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮标准工作溶液加入空白毛发中,配制成低(0.02 ng·mg-1)、中(0.2 ng·mg-1)和高(2 ng·mg-1)3种含量的样品,每个含量平行配制6份,按照“2.3.1”项方法进行样品前处理,按“2.3.2”和“2.3.3”项下条件进行检测,记录峰面积,计算6份样品的平均峰面积Aa。按照“2.3.1”项方法用空白毛发加入甲醇经研磨、过滤后的滤液配制低(0.2 ng·mL-1)、中(2 ng·mL-1)和高(20 ng·mL-1)3个浓度的样品溶液,每个浓度点6个平行样品,按“2.3.2”和“2.3.3”项下条件进行检测,记录检测峰面积,计算6份样品的平均峰面积Ab。提取回收率=Aa/Ab。用甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(1∶1)配制质量浓度为0.2、2和20 ng·mL-1的氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮标准工作溶液,按“2.3.2”和“2.3.3”项下条件进样6次,记录峰面积,计算6份样品的平均峰面积Ac。基质效应=Ab/Ac,结果见表2
依照均匀性检验程序对每种毛发质控样品进行均匀性检验,将制备并分装的2种状态的毛发质控样品分别随机抽取10瓶,每瓶平行称取2份,每份约20 mg毛发(记录称样量),按“2.3”项下条件进行前处理和检测。采用F检验法进行均匀性检验分析,若毛发质控样品中目标物的F值均<F0.05(查表),表明毛发质控样品均匀性良好,检验结果数据见表3
表3可见,制备的18种毛发质控样品的计算F值均<F0.05(查表)值(即3.02),表明每个质控样品的均匀性良好。同时将研磨前后的2种形态的毛发质控样品中目标物含量进行比对分析,发现经过冷冻研磨后的粉末状质控样品中目标物含量较相应的1 cm段质控样品均略有降低,但2种形态质控样品的RSD均在5%以内,表明经过冷冻研磨后的目标物没有明显变化。
毛发作为生物检材,具有一定的生物特性,如腐败变质、降解等,因此运输和贮存的环境条件对毛发中目标物的含量可能会产生影响,而且作为质控样品需要尽量长时间的贮存。将分装后的1 cm段和粉末毛发质控样品分别置于不同湿度、温度、光照等14种较为典型的贮存条件(见表4)下放置,在放置0、1、3、5、7 d后考察样品短期的稳定性,在放置11、40、80、120、180 d后考察样品长期的稳定性,每次分别抽取3瓶样品,检测毛发质控样品中目标物含量,计算每个毛发质控样品不同时间取样检测含量的平均值和RSD,RSD均<12%,低于生物样本检测含量值允许相对误差范围[18]。同时将每次取样检测结果与前一次结果和初始含量分别进行比较,用t检验法对所得数据进行分析,经计算,含氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的毛发质控样品,无论高、中和低含量,在1 cm段和粉末2种形态下所得t均<t0.05(4)查表值(即2.131 8),故此类毛发质控样品短期和长期稳定性均较好,在保存6个月时间后,含量均未发生明显变化,表明含氯胺酮等3个苯环利定类物质的毛发质控样品受环境因素影响较小,较为稳定。
本文方法制备的毛发质控样品已应用于毛发检毒实战,一是用于毛发检毒实验室的质量控制,已在浙江、四川、内蒙、沈阳等多个基层毛发检测实验室应用。由于毛发中毒品及代谢物含量极微,且检测设备以高灵敏度的高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪为主,很容易受到外界环境和各方面的干扰,因此毛发检毒实验室在环境控制方面的要求极为严格。包括毛发检毒实验室要与毒品缴获物实验室物理隔离、不能携带毒品粉末进入实验室、标准品要配制成溶液后才能放入毛发检毒实验室等,以免引进不必要的污染,造成假阳性结果,因此在做检验鉴定时,待测检材与毛发质控样品进行平行处理和检测,能够对检测结果进行质量控制,保证检测结果的准确可靠。二是为毛发检测器材及第三方检测机构的能力测评提供重要科学依据。由于国内毛发检毒现场快筛器材和第三方检测机构的毛发实验室检验鉴定数据质量良莠不齐,2023年已应用此方法制备的毛发质控样品对全国200余种型号的毛发现场快筛器材和近200家第三方检测机构毛发实验室进行测评,起到了规范和评估毛发检毒技术情况的作用,为禁毒实战和禁毒执法工作提供科学有效的技术支撑。
试验选取3组浸泡溶剂 [第1组浸泡溶剂分别为水(S1)、甲醇(S2)、乙腈(S3)、DMSO(S4)4个单溶剂;第2组浸泡溶剂为第1组分别加入等体积DMSO,即水+DMSO(S5)、甲醇+DMSO(S6)、乙腈+DMSO(S7);第3组浸泡溶剂为第2组分别加入0.02 mol·L-1盐酸,即水+DMSO+盐酸(S8)、甲醇+DMSO+盐酸(S9)、乙腈+DMSO+盐酸(S10)]共计10种浸泡溶剂进行比较分析。将10种浸泡溶剂分别置于250 mL具盖瓶中,每瓶溶剂中分别加入适量氯胺酮标准品,制成含量为30 μg·mL-1的浸泡试液,去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮浸泡试液分别按上述方法进行配制。
取10份空白毛发样品,每份约1.25 g,分别将毛发完全浸于以上10个浸泡溶剂(S1~S10)中,每隔一段时间取出部分毛发进行清洗,在连续90 d内分别选取11个时间点0.2、1、2、5、7、14、34、44、60、75、90 d取出部分毛发进行清洗、晾干,取样约20 mg,置于研磨管中,加入甲醇1 mL,研磨5 min,取上清液过滤,将滤液与0.1%甲酸水溶液1∶1混合,按“2.3”项下条件进行检测,监测含量差异和变化,见图1
图1可以看出,浸泡一定时间后毛发中目标物含量最为突出的是S1、S5中的毛发,这2个浸泡溶剂中均含有水,其次是S2、S6中的毛发,这2个溶剂中均含有甲醇,由此可见无论是从短期还是长期看水对毛发的溶胀效率都是最高的,能较快地大限度打开毛鳞片,使目标物迅速进入毛发内部。甲醇、乙腈在短期内看对毛发的溶胀效率远低于水和甲醇,
但从长期看会与甲醇达到相当的程度。水和甲醇虽然浸泡效率较高但也存在弊端,由于目标物在头发中的含量能在5 h内(0.2 d)达到较高含量,致使在质控样品制备过程中很难控制目标物进入毛发的量,制备低、中含量的质控样品存在一定的难度。在第3组浸泡溶液中,含水的S8中毛发的目标物含量依然是最高的。但含甲醇的S9和含乙腈的S10中毛发的目标物含量出现反转,S10中毛发的目标物含量从浸泡第2 d开始高于S9,可能是由于加入盐酸后,更大的促进了小分子乙腈在毛发中的进入量,使更多的目标物随乙腈进入毛发中。另外通过组间比较,加入DMSO后,目标物进入毛发的效率有所降低,再加入盐酸后,目标物进入毛发的效率进一步降低,有利于低含量毛发质控样品的制备。
通过以上浸泡溶剂的比较,若制备高含量的毛发质控样品,水或甲醇似乎是较好的毛发浸泡溶剂,但通过清洗程序试验发现,2个溶剂存在固有的弊端。在毛发浸泡完成后,从S1~S10的浸泡瓶中分别取出约50 mg毛发各4份进行清洗。分别清洗1、2、3、4轮,每轮清洗包括用200 mL水清洗3遍、50 mL甲醇清洗1遍。将每份样品的最后1遍清洗后的甲醇取样进行检测,清洗的毛发晾干后同时进行检测。
结果发现,从S1的浸泡瓶取出的毛发在最后1遍的甲醇清洗液中目标物的浓度依然较高,其次是S5,因此,含水的S1和S5虽然能使目标物快速进入毛发,但目标物在毛发中并不牢固,很容易被清洗出来,在清洗第2~4轮时,虽然清洗液中目标物浓度明显低于第1轮清洗液中的浓度,但与采用其他浸泡溶剂相比,目标物的浓度仍然高出很多。采用除S1和S5以外的其他浸泡溶剂,从浸泡瓶取出的毛发在第1轮清洗时目标物均有不同程度洗出,在清洗第2轮后,采用S7~S10的毛发清洗液中目标物的浓度明显降低,几乎可以忽略,说明目标物在这些环境中与毛发结合的更牢固,不易被清洗液洗出。
毛发质控样品中目标物含量在不同清洗次数后也有不同程度的变化,通过计算同一种浸泡溶剂中毛发清洗1~4轮后目标物在毛发中含量的RSD,发现采用S10的毛发中氯胺酮等3种目标物含量的RSD均<10%,说明清洗程度对毛发中目标物的含量几乎没有影响,而采用S1~S9的毛发中目标物含量的RSD均>20%,说明清洗1~4轮的过程中,毛发中目标物有不同程度地流失。
综上,在毛发质控样品的制备过程中浸泡溶剂种类是一项重要影响因素,很大程度上影响制备时长和性能。采用S10制备毛发质控样品无论是浸泡效率还是减少清洗流失方面都是较好的选择,由图1中数据可见,采用S10,目标物进入毛发的量是循序渐进的,有利于制备不同含量的毛发质控样品。
试验选取2个盐酸浓度(0.02、0.05 mol·L-1)的浸泡溶剂,即在50 mL乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,v/v)中分别添加85和212.5 μL的浓盐酸作为浸泡溶剂,制备氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个目标物的浓度均为30 μg·mL-1的浸泡试液,分别将0.5 g空白毛发样品浸入,浸泡1、2、5、7 d后取出,检测毛发中目标物的含量,发现浸泡溶剂中盐酸浓度由0.02 mol·L-1增加到0.05 mol·L-1,毛发中3个目标物的含量均有所增加,且从浸泡第2天起,高浓度盐酸试液浸泡毛发中3个目标物的含量是低浓度盐酸试液浸泡毛发的2倍。试验进一步选取了目标物浓度为0.2、1、5 μg·mL-1的浸泡试液进行了试验,其他条件不变,在浸泡1、2、5、7 d后,检测毛发中目标物的含量,同样高浓度盐酸试液浸泡毛发中3个目标物的含量是低浓度盐酸试液浸泡毛发的2倍。说明盐酸对目标物进入毛发内部有较大的影响,结果见图2
在50 mL乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,v/v)盐酸浓度为0.02 mol·L-1浸泡溶剂中,加入氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3个目标物分别配制成含量为30、5、1、0.2 μg·mL-1的浸泡试液,分别将0.5 g空白毛发样品浸入,浸泡1、2、5、7 d后取出,检测毛发中目标物的含量。发现浸泡试液中目标物浓度对毛发中目标物含量有较大影响,随着试液中目标物浓度的降低,毛发中目标物含量有明显降低,当浸泡试液中目标物浓度降到1 μg·mL-1以下时,浸泡7 d之后只有微量的目标物进入毛发中。而且通过分析数据发现,当浸泡试液中目标物浓度由0.2 μg·mL-1增加到1 μg·mL-1时,毛发中目标物含量相应增高至约5倍;当浸泡试液中目标物浓度由1 μg·mL-1增加到5 μg·mL-1时,毛发中目标物含量相应增高至约5倍;当浸泡试液中目标物浓度由5 μg·mL-1增加到30 μg·mL-1时,毛发中目标物含量相应增高至约6倍,即毛发中目标物的含量与浸泡试液中目标物浓度基本成正比例关系。在固定浸泡条件不变的情况下,改变其他因素,考察是否依然符合以上规律,比如改变毛发浸泡量,将毛发浸泡量增加至1 g和2 g分别进行同样试验,数据显示毛发中的目标物含量与浸泡溶液中目标物含量仍有同样的比例关系。详见图3。此外在增加浸泡溶剂中盐酸浓度至0.05 mol·L-1后,考察毛发浸泡量分别为0.5、1、2 g时,不同浸泡试液中目标物浓度与毛发中目标物含量的关系,同样在浸泡第1、2、5、7 d后,检测毛发中3个目标物含量,结果发现目标物在毛发中的含量与在浸泡试液中的浓度同样基本成正比关系。
试验选取0.5、1、2 g空白毛发样品,分别加入到相同目标物浓度的浸泡试液中,比较浸泡毛发量对最终毛发中目标物含量的影响。分别采用了以乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,含0.02 mol·L-1盐酸)和乙腈-DMSO(1∶1,含0.05 mol·L-1盐酸)为浸泡溶剂制备的3个目标物浓度均为30、5、1、0.2 μg·mL-1低盐酸浸泡试液和高盐酸浸泡试液,浸泡时间1、2、5、7 d,检测得到的毛发中目标物含量与毛发浸泡量的关系见图4。在不同浓度、不同酸度的浸泡试液及不同浸泡时间的情况下,毛发中氯胺酮含量均相近,部分条件下有随毛发浸泡量增加毛发中目标物含量有所减少的趋势,但相差甚微,说明毛发浸泡量对最终毛发中氯胺酮的含量的影响非常小,由于生物样品检测含量误差相对较宽,这种影响可几乎忽略。去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮与氯胺酮情况一致,毛发浸泡量对毛发中去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的含量基本没有影响。
氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的化学结构相似,在浸泡过程中进入毛发的效率不尽相同,氯胺酮进入毛发的量较多,其次是去甲氯胺酮,再次是氟胺酮,见图5。在浸泡2 d内时间里,毛发中氯胺酮的含量是去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的近2倍,经过更长时间的浸泡,毛发中氯胺酮与去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的含量差距逐渐减小,而去甲氯胺酮和氟胺酮的含量差距逐渐增大。
本文对氯胺酮、去甲氯胺酮、氟胺酮3种苯环利定类物质毛发质控样品的制备条件、均匀性和稳定性进行了系统分析比较,建立了较为适宜的制备方法和贮存方法。为实验室确定此类毛发质控样品的贮存环境、贮存时限和运输条件等方面提供了有力的数据支撑,同时试验过程数据为今后制备不同含量的毛发质控样品环节中的浸泡溶液、浸泡量、浸泡时间等方面提供较为详尽的参考和数据支持。
  • *科技强警基础工作专项(2021JC24)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.16
  • 接收时间:2023-02-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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