Article(id=1240372084430401960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1702742400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773657349927, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773657349927, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773657349927, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657349927, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240372078617096528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773657348540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657513974, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240372086636605911, articleId=1240372084430401960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Establishment of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of atorvastatin and five metabolites in human plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics*, columnId=1239256892338393162, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, two activity-related hydroxy statin metabolites and three toxicity-related statin lactones in human plasma, and its application to the study of pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and the analysis of concentrations in patients.

Methods:

After acidification, plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation. The LC separation was performed on a Zorbarx SB-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) column. Methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1) water-methanol-acetonitrile (9∶0.5∶0.5) containing 0.05% formic acid were used as the mobile phases for gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.35 mL·min-1. The electric spray ionization source, positive ion mode and multi-reaction monitoring scanning were adopted for MS detection. The m/z of each targeted analyte was 559.3→440.2 for atorvastatin, 575.1→440.3 for 2-hydroxy atorvastatin acid (2-HAT) and 4-hydroxy atorvastatin acid (4-HAT), 540.9→448.2 for atorvastatin lactone (ATL), 557.2→448.2 for 2-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (2-HATL) and 4-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (4-HATL), and 422.2→290.0 for the internal standard of pitavastatin. After a full method validation, the developed LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the plasma samples of healthy subjects and patients after taking atorvastatin calcium tablets, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of atorvastatin and five metabolites were analyzed.

Results:

The calibration curves of atorvastatin and its metabolites presented a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-25 nmol·L-1. The RSD of intra-and inter-day precision and the RE of accuracy were all less than 15%, and the stability was well tolerated under different conditions. In healthy subjects after oral administration of 20 mg atorvastatin calcium tablets, the respective mean values of Cmax for atorvastatin, 2-HAT, 4-HAT, ATL, 2-HATL and 4-HATL were 11.48, 4.71, 0.28, 1.71, 2.52 and 2.31 nmol·L-1, AUC0-∞ were 87.31, 58.79, 8.60, 28.75, 45.76, 31.49 nmol·h·L-1, t1/2 were 7.96, 7.93, 19.58, 8.76, 8.98 and 21.37 h. After 12 h of administration, the average blood concentrations of atorvastatin, 2-HAT, 4-HAT, ATL, 2-HATL and 4-HATL in the patient were (4.16±1.31) nmol·L-1, (2.65±1.33) nmol·L-1, (1.15±1.16) nmol·L-1, (2.96±1.83) nmol·L-1, (4.27±2.00) nmol·L-1 and (3.70±1.74) nmol·L-1.

Conclusion:

The method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of atorvastatin and five metabolites in human plasma established in this study is accurate, rapid, sensitive and stable, and can be used for clinical pharmacokinetics research and plasma drug concentration monitoring. The clinical studies revealed that toxicity related lactone metabolites have a high level of exposure in humans, which requires attention to the possible risk of side effects.

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目的:

建立液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法同时测定人血浆中阿托伐他汀及2个活性相关的羟基他汀酸代谢物和3个毒性相关的他汀内酯型代谢物的浓度,并应用于健康人药代动力学研究和患者血药浓度分析。

方法:

血浆样本酸化后通过蛋白沉淀法处理。液相色谱分离采用Zorbarx SB-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以含0.05%甲酸的甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)和水-甲醇-乙腈(9∶0.5∶0.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.35 mL·min-1。采用电喷雾电离源,正离子模式、多反应监测扫描;检测离子对m/z分别为阿托伐他汀559.3→440.2、邻羟基阿托伐他汀酸(2-HAT)和对羟基阿托伐他汀酸(4-HAT)575.1→440.3、阿托伐他汀内酯(ATL)540.9→448.2、邻羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(2-HATL)和对羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(4-HATL)557.2→448.2及内标匹伐他汀422.2→290.0。对分析方法进行全面验证后检测健康受试者及临床患者服用阿托伐他汀钙片后血浆样品,分析阿托伐他汀和5个代谢产物的药代代动力学特征。

结果:

阿托伐他汀及其代谢物浓度在0.1~25 nmol·L-1范围内线性关系良好,日内、日间精密度的RSD及准确度的RE均<15%,各种条件下稳定性良好。健康受试者口服20 mg阿托伐他汀钙片后,阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL、2-HATL和4-HATL的Cmax均值分别为11.48、4.71、0.28、1.71、2.52和2.31 nmol·L-1;AUC0-∞均值分别为87.31、58.79、8.60、28.75、45.76、31.49 nmol·h·L-1t1/2均值分别为7.96、7.93、19.58、8.76、8.98和21.37 h。患者服药12 h后阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL、2-HATL和4-HATL的血药浓度分别为(4.16±1.31) nmol·L-1、(2.65±1.33) nmol·L-1、(1.15±1.16) nmol·L-1、(2.96±1.83) nmol·L-1、(4.27±2.00) nmol·L-1和(3.70±1.74) nmol·L-1

结论:

本研究建立的人血浆中阿托伐他汀及5个代谢物同时定量检测方法准确、快捷、灵敏、稳定,可用于临床药代动力学研究和血药浓度监测。临床试验结果表明毒性相关内酯型代谢物具有较高暴露水平,需关注可能带来的副反应风险。

, correspAuthors=张颖, 郭春莉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**张颖 Tel:(010)62835639;E-mail:
郭春莉 Tel:(010)62835301;E-mail:
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Tel: 18510100379;E-mail:

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Clin Pharmacokinet200342(13):1141, articleTitle=Clinical pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240376127731069093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, awardId=81873179, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家自然科学基金项目(81873179), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240376127840121003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, awardId=CI2021A04906, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04906), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240376127940784306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, awardId=CI2021A01303, language=CN, fundingSource=中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A01303), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240376122773402430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376122781791039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, companyId=1240376122773402430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376122790179648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, companyId=1240376122773402430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国中医科学院 西苑医院 基础医学研究所 北京市中药药理重点实验室,北京 100091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240376122899231557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376122903425861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, companyId=1240376122899231557, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376122916008775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, companyId=1240376122899231557, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国中医科学院西苑医院 脑病科,北京 100091)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240376126061736005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Representative LC-MS/MS chromatograms of atorvastatin and its metabolites, figureFileSmall=526Nw2+ROr6BGaiMDggbyg==, figureFileBig=Dn9ytQ7tZX7XDmP7oKLbfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126141427785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=图1, caption=阿托伐他汀及其代谢物的LC-MS/MS图谱

A.空白血浆(blank blood) B.加标样品(spiked sample) C.临床样品(clinical sample)

, figureFileSmall=526Nw2+ROr6BGaiMDggbyg==, figureFileBig=Dn9ytQ7tZX7XDmP7oKLbfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126242091089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Mean plasma drug concentration-time curves of atorvastatin and its metabolites, figureFileSmall=Z/fA1GhbJvci6DMbCkFLNw==, figureFileBig=jeW/VyGql2CMOQhgkJ3ejA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126334365785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=图2, caption=阿托伐他汀及其代谢物药-时曲线(n=8), figureFileSmall=Z/fA1GhbJvci6DMbCkFLNw==, figureFileBig=jeW/VyGql2CMOQhgkJ3ejA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126481166429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Plasma drug concentrations of 20 mg atorvastatin calcium tablets and its metabolites in healthy subjects and patients at 12 h after single administration of atorvastatin, figureFileSmall=eQDLkRi2doBMzIw+irPTiQ==, figureFileBig=ZFuM0lzUJORVfjYcmqrndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126544080994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=图3, caption=健康受试者和患者单次服用20 mg阿托伐他汀钙片12 h后阿托伐他汀和代谢物的血药浓度(n=8)

AT.阿托伐他汀(atorvastation)

, figureFileSmall=eQDLkRi2doBMzIw+irPTiQ==, figureFileBig=ZFuM0lzUJORVfjYcmqrndA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376126606995560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mass spectrometry detection parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
定量离子对
(quantitative ion pair) m/z
解簇电压
(seclustering potential)/V
碰撞能量
(collison energy)/eV
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)559.3/440.210631
2-HAT575.1/440.39133
4-HAT575.1/440.29133
ATL540.9/448.29125
2-HATL557.2/448.29133
4-HATL557.2/448.29133
匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)422.2/290.012139
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126690881645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

质谱检测参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
定量离子对
(quantitative ion pair) m/z
解簇电压
(seclustering potential)/V
碰撞能量
(collison energy)/eV
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)559.3/440.210631
2-HAT575.1/440.39133
4-HAT575.1/440.29133
ATL540.9/448.29125
2-HATL557.2/448.29133
4-HATL557.2/448.29133
匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)422.2/290.012139
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126791544946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Precision and accuracy of the analytical method for targeted analytes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
质控样品
(QC samples)/(nmol·L-1)
实测浓度
(detected)/(nmol·L-1)
精密度(precision)RSD/%准确度
(accuracy)/%
批内(intra-batch)批间(inter-batch)
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)0.1020.10±0.0113.913.91.41
0.250.27±0.025.83.84.08
1.61.63±0.084.93.71.98
1010.90±0.684.413.79.48
2-HAT0.1020.10±0.0114.814.8-4.24
0.250.26±0.0312.13.93.34
1.61.59±0.085.14.4-0.76
109.97±0.323.33.1-0.29
4-HAT0.1020.11±0.0111.611.67.15
0.250.28±0.015.05.59.20
1.61.65±0.074.24.53.37
109.45±0.665.514.8-5.55
ATL0.1020.11±0.0111.611.67.15
0.250.28±0.015.05.59.20
1.61.65±0.074.24.53.37
109.45±0.665.114.8-5.53
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126871236727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血浆中待测成分的精密度和准确度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
质控样品
(QC samples)/(nmol·L-1)
实测浓度
(detected)/(nmol·L-1)
精密度(precision)RSD/%准确度
(accuracy)/%
批内(intra-batch)批间(inter-batch)
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)0.1020.10±0.0113.913.91.41
0.250.27±0.025.83.84.08
1.61.63±0.084.93.71.98
1010.90±0.684.413.79.48
2-HAT0.1020.10±0.0114.814.8-4.24
0.250.26±0.0312.13.93.34
1.61.59±0.085.14.4-0.76
109.97±0.323.33.1-0.29
4-HAT0.1020.11±0.0111.611.67.15
0.250.28±0.015.05.59.20
1.61.65±0.074.24.53.37
109.45±0.665.514.8-5.55
ATL0.1020.11±0.0111.611.67.15
0.250.28±0.015.05.59.20
1.61.65±0.074.24.53.37
109.45±0.665.114.8-5.53
), ArticleFig(id=1240376126984482943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Matrix effects and recoveries of each analyte

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
质控血浆样品
(QC plasma sample)/(nmol·L-1)
回收率(recovery)基质效应(matrix effect)
AM/ANRSD/%A/AMRSD/%
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)1097.064.1110.912.5
1.695.803.189.614.5
0.2594.901.295.1511.0
ATL1089.555.6102.2011.0
1.6111.0812.0105.9012.0
0.2592.645.989.895.0
2-HAT10101.368.194.557.6
1.693.166.390.953.0
0.2586.456.1101.115.2
4-HAT10105.7111.0105.4012.0
1.696.420.8089.666.6
0.2589.933.3102.058.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376127118700677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各待测成分的基质效应和回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
质控血浆样品
(QC plasma sample)/(nmol·L-1)
回收率(recovery)基质效应(matrix effect)
AM/ANRSD/%A/AMRSD/%
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)1097.064.1110.912.5
1.695.803.189.614.5
0.2594.901.295.1511.0
ATL1089.555.6102.2011.0
1.6111.0812.0105.9012.0
0.2592.645.989.895.0
2-HAT10101.368.194.557.6
1.693.166.390.953.0
0.2586.456.1101.115.2
4-HAT10105.7111.0105.4012.0
1.696.420.8089.666.6
0.2589.933.3102.058.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376127223558285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Stability of each component to be tested in human plasma under different conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
浓度
(concentration)/(nmol·L-1)
短期稳定性
(short-term stability)
反复冻融
(freeze/thraw cycles)
长期稳定性
(long storage at -80 ℃)
进样器24 h
(autosampler 24 h)
RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)0.10210.5-8.27.46.514.4-12.712.86.2
0.2510.5-1.912.33.014.913.09.22.1
1.612.70.23.4-7.07.24.511.30.2
103.5-7.25.67.27.110.33.42.6
2-HAT0.1027.02.39.36.714.81.29.0-5.4
0.258.93.13.5-5.010.89.413.4-1.2
1.68.09.52.7-6.614.75.18.9-2.4
103.28.08.99.84.214.08.33.9
4-HAT0.1029.70.114.0-0.314.4-14.213.99.4
0.2513.9-0.38.6-4.312.38.18.84.5
1.68.33.83.57.65.214.82.81.6
103.2-14.45.93.46.45.95.05.8
ATL0.10210.01.410.77.314.81.25.45.6
0.2512.1-0.9-7.8-5.010.812.111.2-6.2
1.64.412.25.85.812.914.314.66.9
105.43.05.57.32.714.55.34.7
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人血浆中各待测成分不同条件下的稳定性(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
待测物
(analyte)
浓度
(concentration)/(nmol·L-1)
短期稳定性
(short-term stability)
反复冻融
(freeze/thraw cycles)
长期稳定性
(long storage at -80 ℃)
进样器24 h
(autosampler 24 h)
RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%RSD/%RE/%
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)0.10210.5-8.27.46.514.4-12.712.86.2
0.2510.5-1.912.33.014.913.09.22.1
1.612.70.23.4-7.07.24.511.30.2
103.5-7.25.67.27.110.33.42.6
2-HAT0.1027.02.39.36.714.81.29.0-5.4
0.258.93.13.5-5.010.89.413.4-1.2
1.68.09.52.7-6.614.75.18.9-2.4
103.28.08.99.84.214.08.33.9
4-HAT0.1029.70.114.0-0.314.4-14.213.99.4
0.2513.9-0.38.6-4.312.38.18.84.5
1.68.33.83.57.65.214.82.81.6
103.2-14.45.93.46.45.95.05.8
ATL0.10210.01.410.77.314.81.25.45.6
0.2512.1-0.9-7.8-5.010.812.111.2-6.2
1.64.412.25.85.812.914.314.66.9
105.43.05.57.32.714.55.34.7
), ArticleFig(id=1240376127437467797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The main pharmacokinetic parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数(parameter)阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)2-HAT4-HATATL2-HATL4-HATL
Cmax/(nmol·L-1)11.48±4.734.71±1.840.28±0.091.71±0.482.52±0.492.31±0.83
Tmax/h1.10±0.603.05±3.3216.80±6.325.60±1.265.75±1.672.07±0.89
AUC0-last/(nmol·h·L-1)84.97±23.3857.63±18.808.41±3.1627.86±7.8444.05±9.7625.26±9.61
AUC0-∞/(nmol·h·L-1)87.31±24.2658.79±18.948.60±2.7328.75±8.1245.76±10.6231.49±15.20
t1/2/h7.96±2.077.931±2.5019.58±6.638.76±4.858.98±1.4021.37±10.31
CL/F(L·h-1·kg-1)0.25±0.10-----
), ArticleFig(id=1240376127533936795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372084430401960, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

主要药代动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数(parameter)阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)2-HAT4-HATATL2-HATL4-HATL
Cmax/(nmol·L-1)11.48±4.734.71±1.840.28±0.091.71±0.482.52±0.492.31±0.83
Tmax/h1.10±0.603.05±3.3216.80±6.325.60±1.265.75±1.672.07±0.89
AUC0-last/(nmol·h·L-1)84.97±23.3857.63±18.808.41±3.1627.86±7.8444.05±9.7625.26±9.61
AUC0-∞/(nmol·h·L-1)87.31±24.2658.79±18.948.60±2.7328.75±8.1245.76±10.6231.49±15.20
t1/2/h7.96±2.077.931±2.5019.58±6.638.76±4.858.98±1.4021.37±10.31
CL/F(L·h-1·kg-1)0.25±0.10-----
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人血浆中阿托伐他汀和5个代谢产物LC-MS/MS分析方法的建立及在药代动力学研究中的应用*
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宋玉晨 1 , 宫晓 2 , 易欢 1 , 张颖 1, ** , 郭春莉 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024,44(1): 58-67
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024, 44(1): 58-67
人血浆中阿托伐他汀和5个代谢产物LC-MS/MS分析方法的建立及在药代动力学研究中的应用*
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宋玉晨1 , 宫晓2, 易欢1, 张颖1, ** , 郭春莉2, **
作者信息
  • 1.中国中医科学院 西苑医院 基础医学研究所 北京市中药药理重点实验室,北京 100091
  • 2.中国中医科学院西苑医院 脑病科,北京 100091
  • Tel: 18510100379;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**张颖 Tel:(010)62835639;E-mail:
郭春莉 Tel:(010)62835301;E-mail:
Establishment of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of atorvastatin and five metabolites in human plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics*
Yu-chen SONG1 , Xiao GONG2, Huan YI1, Ying ZHANG1, ** , Chun-li GUO2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
  • 2.Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.06
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目的:

建立液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法同时测定人血浆中阿托伐他汀及2个活性相关的羟基他汀酸代谢物和3个毒性相关的他汀内酯型代谢物的浓度,并应用于健康人药代动力学研究和患者血药浓度分析。

方法:

血浆样本酸化后通过蛋白沉淀法处理。液相色谱分离采用Zorbarx SB-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以含0.05%甲酸的甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)和水-甲醇-乙腈(9∶0.5∶0.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.35 mL·min-1。采用电喷雾电离源,正离子模式、多反应监测扫描;检测离子对m/z分别为阿托伐他汀559.3→440.2、邻羟基阿托伐他汀酸(2-HAT)和对羟基阿托伐他汀酸(4-HAT)575.1→440.3、阿托伐他汀内酯(ATL)540.9→448.2、邻羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(2-HATL)和对羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(4-HATL)557.2→448.2及内标匹伐他汀422.2→290.0。对分析方法进行全面验证后检测健康受试者及临床患者服用阿托伐他汀钙片后血浆样品,分析阿托伐他汀和5个代谢产物的药代代动力学特征。

结果:

阿托伐他汀及其代谢物浓度在0.1~25 nmol·L-1范围内线性关系良好,日内、日间精密度的RSD及准确度的RE均<15%,各种条件下稳定性良好。健康受试者口服20 mg阿托伐他汀钙片后,阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL、2-HATL和4-HATL的Cmax均值分别为11.48、4.71、0.28、1.71、2.52和2.31 nmol·L-1;AUC0-∞均值分别为87.31、58.79、8.60、28.75、45.76、31.49 nmol·h·L-1t1/2均值分别为7.96、7.93、19.58、8.76、8.98和21.37 h。患者服药12 h后阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL、2-HATL和4-HATL的血药浓度分别为(4.16±1.31) nmol·L-1、(2.65±1.33) nmol·L-1、(1.15±1.16) nmol·L-1、(2.96±1.83) nmol·L-1、(4.27±2.00) nmol·L-1和(3.70±1.74) nmol·L-1

结论:

本研究建立的人血浆中阿托伐他汀及5个代谢物同时定量检测方法准确、快捷、灵敏、稳定,可用于临床药代动力学研究和血药浓度监测。临床试验结果表明毒性相关内酯型代谢物具有较高暴露水平,需关注可能带来的副反应风险。

人血浆  /  阿托伐他汀  /  阿托伐他汀内酯  /  代谢产物  /  液相色谱串联质谱  /  健康受试者  /  患者  /  药代动力学
Objective:

To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, two activity-related hydroxy statin metabolites and three toxicity-related statin lactones in human plasma, and its application to the study of pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and the analysis of concentrations in patients.

Methods:

After acidification, plasma samples were treated by protein precipitation. The LC separation was performed on a Zorbarx SB-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm) column. Methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1) water-methanol-acetonitrile (9∶0.5∶0.5) containing 0.05% formic acid were used as the mobile phases for gradient elution, and the flow rate was 0.35 mL·min-1. The electric spray ionization source, positive ion mode and multi-reaction monitoring scanning were adopted for MS detection. The m/z of each targeted analyte was 559.3→440.2 for atorvastatin, 575.1→440.3 for 2-hydroxy atorvastatin acid (2-HAT) and 4-hydroxy atorvastatin acid (4-HAT), 540.9→448.2 for atorvastatin lactone (ATL), 557.2→448.2 for 2-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (2-HATL) and 4-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone (4-HATL), and 422.2→290.0 for the internal standard of pitavastatin. After a full method validation, the developed LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the plasma samples of healthy subjects and patients after taking atorvastatin calcium tablets, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of atorvastatin and five metabolites were analyzed.

Results:

The calibration curves of atorvastatin and its metabolites presented a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1-25 nmol·L-1. The RSD of intra-and inter-day precision and the RE of accuracy were all less than 15%, and the stability was well tolerated under different conditions. In healthy subjects after oral administration of 20 mg atorvastatin calcium tablets, the respective mean values of Cmax for atorvastatin, 2-HAT, 4-HAT, ATL, 2-HATL and 4-HATL were 11.48, 4.71, 0.28, 1.71, 2.52 and 2.31 nmol·L-1, AUC0-∞ were 87.31, 58.79, 8.60, 28.75, 45.76, 31.49 nmol·h·L-1, t1/2 were 7.96, 7.93, 19.58, 8.76, 8.98 and 21.37 h. After 12 h of administration, the average blood concentrations of atorvastatin, 2-HAT, 4-HAT, ATL, 2-HATL and 4-HATL in the patient were (4.16±1.31) nmol·L-1, (2.65±1.33) nmol·L-1, (1.15±1.16) nmol·L-1, (2.96±1.83) nmol·L-1, (4.27±2.00) nmol·L-1 and (3.70±1.74) nmol·L-1.

Conclusion:

The method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of atorvastatin and five metabolites in human plasma established in this study is accurate, rapid, sensitive and stable, and can be used for clinical pharmacokinetics research and plasma drug concentration monitoring. The clinical studies revealed that toxicity related lactone metabolites have a high level of exposure in humans, which requires attention to the possible risk of side effects.

human plasma  /  atorvastatin  /  atorvastatin lactone  /  metabolites  /  LC-MS/MS  /  healthy subjects  /  patients  /  pharmacokinetics
宋玉晨, 宫晓, 易欢, 张颖, 郭春莉. 人血浆中阿托伐他汀和5个代谢产物LC-MS/MS分析方法的建立及在药代动力学研究中的应用*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.06
Yu-chen SONG, Xiao GONG, Huan YI, Ying ZHANG, Chun-li GUO. Establishment of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of atorvastatin and five metabolites in human plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (1) : 58 -67 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.06
阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)是3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase,HMG-CoA)还原酶抑制剂,能有效降低血胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,是临床首选的降脂药,用于心脑血管病的防治[1]
虽然阿托伐他汀在心血管疾病的临床预防和治疗中应用广泛,但在临床长期应用过程中也出现了关于服用阿托伐他汀导致的包括横纹肌溶解在内的肌肉不良反应[2-3]。阿托伐他汀以活性酸形式给药,主要通过肝脏中的代谢酶CYP3A4大量首过代谢,产生2个活性代谢物邻羟基阿托伐他汀酸(2-hydroxy atorvastatin acid,2-HAT)和对羟基阿托伐他汀酸(4-hydroxy atorvastatin acid,4-HAT),以及3个相应的无活性内酯代谢物阿托伐他汀内酯(atorvastatin lactone,ATL)、邻羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(2-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone,2-HATL)和对羟基阿托伐他汀内酯(4-hydroxy atorvastatin lactone,4-HATL)[4]。此前有文献报道服用阿托伐他汀导致的肌肉不良反应与阿托伐他汀内酯型代谢物的体内暴露量密切相关[5],因此全面解析阿托伐他汀在人体的代谢物暴露水平和药代特性对于保障阿托伐他汀在临床中的有效性和安全性具有重要意义。
目前关于人血浆中阿托伐他汀活性代谢物2-HAT和4-HAT的测定方法及药代谢动力学特征已有较多报道[6-10],但未见关于3个内酯代谢物在中国健康人群中的体内药代动力学数据发表。因此本研究基于LC-MS/MS建立了人血浆中阿托伐他汀及其5个代谢物的准确、快速、灵敏检测方法,应用于阿托伐他汀及其活性和毒性代谢物在中国健康男性受试者的药代动力学研究及临床患者服药后的血药浓度分析,为临床更安全有效地应用阿托伐他汀提供参考。
对照品阿托伐他汀钙(批号LRAA9024,规格1 g,购自Sigma公司)、2-HAT(批号7-ΜHP-82-2,规格100 mg,购自TRC公司)、4-HAT(批号1-TKA-22-2,规格100 mg,购自TRC公司)、内标匹伐他汀钙(pitavastatin calcium,批号H29A7B20167,规格250 mg,购自源叶生物科技有限公司)、ATL(批号B3DDA,购自TCL公司),纯度均>98%;阿托伐他汀钙片(批号EP8450,规格为每片20 mg,购自辉瑞公司)。色谱-质谱分析用甲醇、乙腈、甲酸为色谱纯,其他试剂为分析纯。空白血浆(来自课题组健康男性)。
高效液相色谱质谱联用仪的质谱系统为API 4000QTRAP,配有Turbo MTM离子源仓,离子喷雾和大气压电离离子源,以及Analysis 1.4.2数据处理系统(Applied Biosystem公司);高效液相色谱系统为Agilent 1200,配置包括G1322A脱气机,G1311A四元梯度泵,G1329A自动进样器G1316A柱温箱,G1330B进样盘温控器,G1314B检测器(Agilent公司);MIKRO 22R台式高速冷冻离心机(Hettich公司)。
健康受试者药代动力学研究方案和知情同意书获河北省中医院临床研究伦理委员会批准[伦理批号HBZY2021-KY-094-01],筛选8例汉族健康男性受试者,年龄(26.6±5.36)岁,体质量(67.9±5.43) kg;受试者试验当日服药前空腹至少10 h,每名受试者口服阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg。于药前和药后0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2、4、6、8、12、24、36和48 h自肘静脉采集全血,在4 000 r·min-1,4 ℃条件下离心10 min,分离出血浆样品,保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
患者临床实验方案经中国中医科学院西苑医院伦理委员会批准[伦理批号:2021XLA065-2]。筛选8名肝肾指标正常、已采用阿托伐他汀钙片预防心脑血管疾病超过1个月的脑病科就诊患者,年龄(65.96±8.56)岁。试验前1天20:00口服阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg,试验当天8:00抽取空腹血样,在4 000 r·min-1,4 ℃条件下离心10 min,分离出血浆样品,保存于-80 ℃冰箱。
研究严格遵守赫尔辛基宣言的有关伦理准则。所有受试者均在试验开始前获取知情同意并签署知情同意书。
采用Zorbarx SB-C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以水-甲醇-乙腈(9∶0.5∶0.5,含0.05%甲酸)为流动相A,甲醇-乙腈(1∶1,含0.05%甲酸)为流动相B,梯度洗脱(0~0.3 min,40% B;0.3~1.7 min,100% B;1.7~1.8 min,40% B),流速0.35 mL·min-1,进样体积4 μL。
质谱离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI),源内温度500 ℃,离子喷射电压(IS)5 000 V,碰撞气(CAD)为中等强度Medium,在正离子模式下检测,扫描方式选择反应监测(MRM)方式,待测物及内标的其他参数见表1
精密称取阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL和匹伐他汀(内标)的对照品适量,分别加甲醇溶解并稀释成浓度均为100 μmol·L-1的单一对照品储备液和内标储备液,再分别吸取阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL的单一对照品储备液各250 μL,用甲醇配制成各成分浓度均为250 nmol·L-1的混合对照品储备液,-20 ℃冰箱保存备用。
精密吸取混合对照品储备液适量,制成浓度分别为1.0、2.5、6.4、16、40、100和200 nmol·L-1的标准曲线工作液,再以空白血浆稀释10倍,混匀,配制成质量浓度分别为0.10、0.25、0.64、1.6、4、10和20 nmol·L-1的标准曲线血浆样品。另取空白血浆适量,加入混合对照品储备液配制成质量浓度为0.10、0.25、1.6和10 nmol·L-1的定量限(LOQ)、低、中和高浓度的质控血浆样品。
精密吸取血浆样品50 μL,加入10%甲酸1.5 μL混匀,再加入含内标匹伐他汀22 nmol·L-1的乙腈溶液150 μL,涡旋混匀2 min后在12 000 r·min-1、4 ℃条件下离心5 min,取上清液加入内插样品瓶进样分析。
用WinNonlin 6.3(Certara),采用非房室模型方法计算药代动力学参数。主要药代动力学参数包括达峰时间(Tmax)、最大血药浓度(Cmax)、血浆药物浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-last)、半衰期(t1/2)和清除率(CL/F)。并进行统计分析。组间各代谢物与阿托伐他汀的血药浓度比值经对数转换后,采用非成对t检验进行显著性检验,统计软件为SPSS 17.0,显著性水平为P<0.05。
取5个不同来源的空白血浆,按照“2.3”项下方法前处理后进行分析,见图1-A(由于5个不同来源的空白血样专属性结果均满足要求,因此本文选取其中1个加以说明);空白血浆外加对照品(1.6 nmol·L-1标准曲线血浆样品)经处理后分析,见图1-B;健康受试者临床血浆样品按照同样方法处理后分析,见图1-C。结果表明,空白血浆的内源性物质不干扰阿托伐他汀及2-HAT、4-HAT和ATL的测定,且给药后生物样品和外加样品在相同位置出峰。2-HATL与4-HATL无对照品,二者相对位置依据2-HAT和4-HAT的出峰先后顺序确定,未见其他内源性干扰峰。以上结果说明该分析方法对这些待测成分的分析有专属性。
取系列标准曲线血浆样品,按“2.3”项方法处理后进样分析,以待测成分与内标的峰面积比和浓度做线性相关分析,权重因子1/y2。得到阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、4-HAT、ATL回归方程分别为
结果表明各待测成分浓度均在0.1~20 nmol·L-1范围内线性良好,以信噪比为10时的浓度推算定量限,最终以0.1 nmol·L-1作为各待测成分的定量限。
取质控血浆样品6份,分别按“2.3”项下方法操作,测定3 d,根据当日标准曲线,分别计算质控血浆样品的测定浓度,以RSD来评价测定方法的批内和批间精密度。以测定浓度与配制浓度之比,评价测定方法的准确度,分析结果见表2。各成分4个浓度质控血浆样品的批内和批间RSD<15%,准确度在-0.29%~9.50%。结果表明测定方法精密度及准确度符合生物样本分析要求。
取来自6个不同个体的空白血浆,分别按照“2.3”项下方法处理,以处理后空白血浆和50%甲醇为溶剂,10倍稀释浓度为2.5、16或100 nmol·L-1的标准曲线工作液,配制成低、中和高浓度血浆基质样品和无基质标准样品。按“2.1”项下条件测定相关待测成分峰面积,以血浆基质样品与无基质标准样品中待测成分峰面积之比(AM/AN)评价基质效应;以质控血浆样品中待测成分与血浆基质样品对应浓度的相应待测成分峰面积之比(A/AM)评价提取回收率。基质效应与回收率结果见表3。各待测成分的AM/AN平均值在85%~112%范围内,RSD<13%;各成分的A/AM平均值在88%~107%范围内,RSD<13%。结果表明基质效应和提取回收率满足生物样品测定要求。
取定量限、低、中、高浓度的质控血浆样品各6份,分别测定短期稳定性:冰盒中放置2 h;进样器稳定性:处理完于4 ℃进样器中放置24 h;长期稳定性:-80 ℃放置3个月;冻融稳定性:-80 ℃反复冻融3次。按“2.3”项下方法处理样品后测定,当日随行标准曲线计算浓度。分析结果见表4,结果被测分析物的RE与RSD均在15%范围内,表明阿托伐他汀和代谢物在上述放置和储存条件下稳定性良好。
采用已建立的方法对健康人服用阿托伐他汀钙后不同时间点的血浆样品进行分析。基于阿托伐他汀与相应内酯型产物ATL在同浓度下具有相近的质谱响应强度,对没有对照品的2-HATL和4-HATL,分别采用2-HAT和4-HAT的标准曲线进行了相对定量。阿托伐他汀及5个代谢物血药浓度-时间曲线见图2,计算得到各成分药代动力学参数结果见表5。结果显示代谢物的血浆暴露量均低于阿托伐他汀,活性代谢物中2-HAT的Cmax及AUC0-∞最高,4-HATL次之;毒性代谢物中2-HATL的Cmax及AUC0-∞最高,ATL与4-HATL相近。4-HAT及4-HATL的半衰期长达20 h左右,其余成分的则均在7~9 h。虽然ATL的暴露水平约为阿托伐他汀的1/3,但是2种羟基内酯型代谢物的暴露量之和远高于羟基酸型代谢物。
采用已建立分析方法测定了服用阿托伐他汀钙片进行治疗的脑病科门诊患者的血浆样品,患者服用剂量20 mg每天1次。结果显示高血脂患者体内阿托伐他汀及代谢物血药浓度水平分别为(4.16±1.31) nmol·L-1、(2.65±1.33) nmol·L-1、(1.15±1.16) nmol·L-1、(2.96±1.83) nmol·L-1、(4.27±2.00) nmol·L-1和(3.70±1.74) nmol·L-1。与同时间点健康受试者的血药浓度进行对比,结果显示患者体内4种代谢产物浓度水平显著高于健康受试者(图3-A),。通过计算各代谢物与阿托伐他汀的血药浓度之比评价代谢率,结果见图3-B。可见患者体内3种内酯型代谢物的代谢率显著高于健康受试者,显示患者体内具有更高的内酯型代谢物的转化率。
文献报道阿托伐他汀、2-HAT和4-HAT在常温下与其相应内酯型处于一种动态转化状态,这对其药代动力学研究提出了挑战。目前已报道的分析方法表明当pH在4~6范围内时,酸和内酯之间的转化程度最低。因此本研究在获取受试者药代动力学血样过程中,血浆样品一直保持在低温条件下,同时用10%甲酸调整血浆样品pH在5左右,方法学考察结果表明该处理方法能有效抑酸和内酯间的相互转化。部分研究未在分析方法中考虑到构型转化的防止措施[16-18],可能造成结果与真实体内浓度的偏差。目前已报道的测定阿托伐他汀及其代谢物分析方法多采用液液萃取的提取方法[19-21],本研究在样品前处理过程中采用乙腈一步沉淀法对受试者血浆样品进行处理,有效缩短了样品理时间,操作更加简单、快速。
本研究针对流动相中甲酸浓度进行了考察,结果发现在0.01%的低甲酸浓度下各待测物的响应信号会相应提高,但是抗基质效应能力较差。在0.1%的较高甲酸浓度下,抗基质效应显著增强,但灵敏度有所下降。最终选择流动相甲酸浓度为0.05%,能够达到较为理想的抗基质效应和灵敏度。
本研究测定了健康中国人服用阿托伐他汀后体内的3个内酯型代谢物的血药浓度,并计算了相应的药代动力学参数,进一步完善了阿托伐他汀在健康中国人体内的药代动力学数据,也为分析阿托伐他汀在临床治疗中的有效性和安全性提供了依据。研究发现在健康受试者中阿托伐他汀和各代谢物的暴露量由大到小的顺序为阿托伐他汀、2-HAT、2-HATL、4-HATL、ATL、4-HAT,阿托伐他汀和活性代谢物AUC之和为154.7 nmol·h·L-1,3种内酯型代谢物则达到106 nmol·h·L-1,可见内酯型代谢物具有相当的暴露水平。且内酯型代谢物更易在肌肉中蓄积,这可能是它们显示更长半衰期的原因[22]。此外,Lins等[23]报道了40 mg剂量下阿托伐他汀和2-HAT的AUC分别为54.2和86.6 ng·mL-1·h;Hermann等[24]报道了10 mg剂量下阿托伐他汀、2-HAT和4-HAT的AUC分别为22、19和3.5 ng·mL-1·h。与已发表的其他国家健康人数据对比,发现,同等剂量下本研究中汉族健康人具有更高的阿托伐他汀和代谢物暴露水平。
将所建立分析方法应用于临床患者的血药浓度分析,对比了阿托伐他汀及5个代谢物在健康受试者与高血脂患者中暴露水平的差异。与单剂量的健康人数据相比,高血脂患者血药浓度更高。患者已有较长服药时间,药物蓄积能升高血药浓度,通过计算代谢物与阿托伐他汀的血药浓度比值可排除绝对药物浓度的影响,反映出代谢水平的差异。代谢比分析结果表明高血脂患者具有较健康人显著升高的内酯型代谢物转化率。与本研究结果相似,Lins等[25]也发现阿托伐他汀内酯/阿托伐他汀浓度比值在患者更高[24]。出现这种结果的原因可能与高血脂患者年龄偏高有关,有研究报道老年人体内阿托伐他汀的暴露量要高于年轻人。但由于内酯型代谢物是导致横纹肌溶解等肌性不良反应的危险因素[26-28],本研究提示高龄患者服用阿托伐他汀钙片后可能具有更高的不良反应风险,更应引起临床用药安全的重视。
上述实验结果表明,本研究建立的人血浆中阿托伐他汀及5个代谢物同时定量检测方法准确、快捷、灵敏、稳定,可用于临床药代动力学研究和血药浓度监测,为阿托伐他汀在心脑血管疾病防治中的安全和有效应用提供科学依据。
  • *国家自然科学基金项目(81873179)
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04906)
  • 中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A01303)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 修回日期:2023-12-17
基金
*国家自然科学基金项目(81873179)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A04906)
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A01303)
作者信息
    1.中国中医科学院 西苑医院 基础医学研究所 北京市中药药理重点实验室,北京 100091
    2.中国中医科学院西苑医院 脑病科,北京 100091

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**张颖 Tel:(010)62835639;E-mail:
郭春莉 Tel:(010)62835301;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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