Article(id=1240372082417128319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1703174400000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773657349446, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773657349446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773657349446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657349446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240372078617096528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773657348540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657513974, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240372082685563778, articleId=1240372082417128319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of vildagliptin in human plasma and its application*, columnId=1239256892338393162, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of vildagliptin in human anticoagulant plasma with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid and apply it to the study of pharmacokinetics.

Methods:

13C-15N-vildagliptin was used as internal standard (IS). After extraction from human plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, all components were separated by a Hypurity C18 column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm), using a gradient elution procedure consisting of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Injection volume was just 2 μL. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 304.3→154.2 for vildagliptin and m/z 310.3→160.3 for internal standard. Specificity, standard curve, lower limit of quantification, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were examined. Then this method was used to determine the plasma concentration of veragliptin in healthy subjects.

Results:

The calibration curve of vildagliptin in human plasma was linear over the concentration range of 1.11 to 534.0 ng·mL-1. The lower limit of quantitation was 1.11 ng·mL-1. The intra-and inter-day precisions at four quality control levels were within 0.9%-8.5%, and the accuracy was within 99.8%-109.3%. The data of short-term stability at room temperature displayed that the accuracy percentage of LQC samples was 92.0% for 0.5 h exposure, 87.6% for 1 h exposure, 71.2% for 2 h exposure. These of LQC samples chilled on ice was 102.0% for 0.5 h exposure, 94.5% for 1 h exposure, 86.6% for 2 h exposure. These results showed a phenomenon that there was a possible degradation of vildagliptin in plasma. The results of extraction recovery and matrix effect and other stability met the requirements of biological sample analysis. The pharmacokinetic study results of 8 healthy subjects showed that t1/2 was (1.49±0.37) h, tmax was (2.06±1.11) h, Cmax was (290.94±100.36) ng·mL-1, AUC0-24 h was (1 343.46±186.89) ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞ was (1 351.31±188.79) ng·h·mL-1.

Conclusion:

This method is easy to operate, has high specificity, and sensitivity. It has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 8 healthy subjects after oral administration of 50 mg vigagliptin tablets on an empty stomach. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable detection method for human pharmacokinetic research and therapeutic drug monitoring.

, correspAuthors=Zhi-rong TAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi-cheng WANG, Kang HE, Jing-bo PENG, Tai RAO, Yao CHEN, Ying GUO, Zhi-rong TAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240372084019352511, articleId=1240372082417128319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中维格列汀浓度及其应用*, columnId=1239184757708345914, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立HPLC-MS/MS法测定人EDTA抗凝血浆中维格列汀的浓度,并将其应用于药代动力学研究。

方法:

以稳定同位素标记13C-15N-维格列汀为内标,血浆样品用乙腈进行蛋白沉淀处理,采用Hypurity C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 μL,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI源),多反应监测正离子模式进行检测。用于定量分析的维格列汀监测离子对m/z 304.3→154.2,内标监测离子对m/z 310.3→160.3。考察其专属性、标准曲线、定量限、精密度、回收率、基质效应、稳定性,并使用该方法对健康受试者的血浆维格列汀浓度进行测定。

结果:

血浆中维格列汀质量浓度在1.11~534.0 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好。4个浓度水平的批内、批间精密度(RSD)均在0.9%~8.5%,准确度在99.8%~109.3%。低浓度血浆样品室温放置0.5、1、2 h的准确度分别为92.0%、87.6%、71.2%,冰上放置0.5、1、2 h的准确度分别为102.0%、94.5%、86.6%,该结果提示维格列汀在血浆中可能存在不稳定现象。提取回收率、基质效应以及其他稳定性结果等均符合生物样品分析的相关要求。8例健康受试者药代动力学研究结果:t1/2为(1.49±0.37) h,tmax为(2.06±1.11) h,Cmax为(290.94±100.36) ng·mL-1,AUC0-24 h为(1 343.46±186.89) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞为(1 351.31±188.79) ng·h·mL-1

结论:

该方法操作简便,特异性好,灵敏度高,成功应用于8名健康受试者空腹口服给药50 mg维格列汀片后的药代动力学研究,可作为一种可靠的检测方法用于人体药动学研究和治疗药物监测。

, correspAuthors=谭志荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(0731)84805380;E-mail:
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Tel: (0731)84805380;E-mail:

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Br J Clin Pharmacol200865(3):338, articleTitle=The effect of age,gender,and body mass index on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin in healthy volunteers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240376128670593240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, awardId=2020JJ9057, language=CN, fundingSource=*湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ9057), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240376128758673628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, awardId=2022JJ80113, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80113), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240376128888697058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, awardId=2022JJ80097, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80097), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240376123650012028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123654206333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, companyId=1240376123650012028, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123662594942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, companyId=1240376123650012028, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中南大学湘雅医院临床药理研究所,长沙 410078)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240376123754869638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123759063943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, companyId=1240376123754869638, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123767452552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, companyId=1240376123754869638, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中南大学临床药理研究所,长沙 410078)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240376127340998801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chemical structure of vildagliptin, figureFileSmall=wCe3vjebpN26Kn4R9J5vzw==, figureFileBig=as1FMXHeNfK7dyHbjwDZ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127437467796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=图1, caption=维格列汀结构式, figureFileSmall=wCe3vjebpN26Kn4R9J5vzw==, figureFileBig=as1FMXHeNfK7dyHbjwDZ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127554908315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Typical chromatograms of blank plasma (A),blank plasma spiked with 1.11 ng·mL-1 vildagliptin(B),blank plasma spiked with 3.15 ng·mL-1 IS(C),and 1 h plasma sample after administration of vildagliptin tablets and spiked with IS (D), figureFileSmall=rkMHQaIgntrcgT04u06Vcg==, figureFileBig=fxq3g1BSIHc/qJM4iMKMuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127672348833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=图2, caption=空白血浆样品(A)、含维格列汀1.11 ng·mL-1标准血浆样品(B)、含内标3.15 ng·mL-1的血浆样品(C)、受试者服药1 h后血浆样品(D), figureFileSmall=rkMHQaIgntrcgT04u06Vcg==, figureFileBig=fxq3g1BSIHc/qJM4iMKMuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127752040613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mean plasma concentration-time profiles of vildagliptin in human plasma after administration with 50 mg vildagliptin tablets,each point and bar represents the mean±SD, figureFileSmall=B1YvnjSnUUhoY/Ja+teHFA==, figureFileBig=z51dwLBLwPX/+cbdE2/J0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127844315308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=图3, caption=受试者空腹口服维格列汀片50 mg后的药时曲线(n=8), figureFileSmall=B1YvnjSnUUhoY/Ja+teHFA==, figureFileBig=z51dwLBLwPX/+cbdE2/J0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376127944978611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Precision and accuracy of vildagliptin quality control samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration)/(ng·mL-1)
批内(intra-batch)(n=6)批间(inter-batch)(n=3)
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision) RSD/%
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision) RSD/%
1.111.22±0.06109.35.21.11±0.1099.88.5
2.232.33±0.10104.64.12.32±0.17104.07.5
26.7528.04±0.25104.80.8828.53±0.46106.71.6
428.00462.06±6.32108.01.4462.99±9.73108.22.1
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128037253303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

维格列汀质控样品精密度和准确度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration)/(ng·mL-1)
批内(intra-batch)(n=6)批间(inter-batch)(n=3)
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision) RSD/%
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision) RSD/%
1.111.22±0.06109.35.21.11±0.1099.88.5
2.232.33±0.10104.64.12.32±0.17104.07.5
26.7528.04±0.25104.80.8828.53±0.46106.71.6
428.00462.06±6.32108.01.4462.99±9.73108.22.1
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128175665342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Matrix effect of vildagliptin in different plasma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration)/(ng·mL-1)
正常血浆(normal plasma)高脂血浆(hyperlipidemia)溶血血浆(hemolyze)
基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%
2.23114.23±4.714.1112.12±5.114.6116.27±5.334.5
26.75110.92±1.761.5110.04±1.321.2111.16±1.971.8
428.00111.78±1.341.2111.13±0.710.61113.64±1.381.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128255357123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同血浆的基质效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论浓度
(theoretical concentration)/(ng·mL-1)
正常血浆(normal plasma)高脂血浆(hyperlipidemia)溶血血浆(hemolyze)
基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%基质效应
(matrix effect)/%
RSD/%
2.23114.23±4.714.1112.12±5.114.6116.27±5.334.5
26.75110.92±1.761.5110.04±1.321.2111.16±1.971.8
428.00111.78±1.341.2111.13±0.710.61113.64±1.381.2
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128372797642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Stability results of vildagliptin under different conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定性试验
(stability test item)
2.23 ng·mL-1428.00 ng·mL-1
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
冻融3次(freeze-thaw three cycles)2.11±0.0994.7464.73±3.93108.6
-80 ℃放置90 d(storage at -80 ℃ for 90 d)2.09±0.0493.7488.91±4.24114.2
自动进样器放置30 h(autosampler for 30 h)2.04±0.0891.6427.79±11.67100.0
室温放置0.5 h(room temperature for 0.5 h)2.05±0.0892.0465.09±2.34109.3
室温放置1 h(room temperature for 1 h)1.94±0.0487.6464.15±4.66108.5
室温放置2 h(room temperature for 2 h)1.59±0.0371.2463.50±2.14108.3
冰上放置0.5 h(storage on ice for 0.5 h)2.27±0.13102.0468.76±7.05109.1
冰上放置1 h(storage on ice for 1 h)2.11±0.0594.5465.08±2.83108.7
冰上放置2 h(storage on ice for 2 h)1.93±0.1086.6464.01±3.26108.4
全血室温放置0.5 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 0.5 h)2.28±0.11102.4440.23±9.46102.9
全血室温放置1 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 1 h)2.19±0.0898.2441.96±7.17103.3
全血室温放置2 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 2 h)1.93±0.0786.5442.47±5.73103.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128481849549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372082417128319, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

维格列汀在不同条件下的稳定性考察结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稳定性试验
(stability test item)
2.23 ng·mL-1428.00 ng·mL-1
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
实测值
(determined)±SD/(ng·mL-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
冻融3次(freeze-thaw three cycles)2.11±0.0994.7464.73±3.93108.6
-80 ℃放置90 d(storage at -80 ℃ for 90 d)2.09±0.0493.7488.91±4.24114.2
自动进样器放置30 h(autosampler for 30 h)2.04±0.0891.6427.79±11.67100.0
室温放置0.5 h(room temperature for 0.5 h)2.05±0.0892.0465.09±2.34109.3
室温放置1 h(room temperature for 1 h)1.94±0.0487.6464.15±4.66108.5
室温放置2 h(room temperature for 2 h)1.59±0.0371.2463.50±2.14108.3
冰上放置0.5 h(storage on ice for 0.5 h)2.27±0.13102.0468.76±7.05109.1
冰上放置1 h(storage on ice for 1 h)2.11±0.0594.5465.08±2.83108.7
冰上放置2 h(storage on ice for 2 h)1.93±0.1086.6464.01±3.26108.4
全血室温放置0.5 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 0.5 h)2.28±0.11102.4440.23±9.46102.9
全血室温放置1 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 1 h)2.19±0.0898.2441.96±7.17103.3
全血室温放置2 h(stability in blood at room temperature for 2 h)1.93±0.0786.5442.47±5.73103.4
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HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中维格列汀浓度及其应用*
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王医成 1, 2 , 贺康 1 , 彭静波 1, 2 , 饶泰 1 , 陈尧 1, 2 , 郭莹 1, 2 , 谭志荣 1, 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024,44(1): 68-75
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024, 44(1): 68-75
HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中维格列汀浓度及其应用*
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王医成1, 2 , 贺康1, 彭静波1, 2, 饶泰1, 陈尧1, 2, 郭莹1, 2, 谭志荣1, 2, **
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学湘雅医院临床药理研究所,长沙 410078
  • 2.中南大学临床药理研究所,长沙 410078
  • Tel: (0731)84805380;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:(0731)84805380;E-mail:
HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of vildagliptin in human plasma and its application*
Yi-cheng WANG1, 2 , Kang HE1, Jing-bo PENG1, 2, Tai RAO1, Yao CHEN1, 2, Ying GUO1, 2, Zhi-rong TAN1, 2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
  • 2.Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.07
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目的:

建立HPLC-MS/MS法测定人EDTA抗凝血浆中维格列汀的浓度,并将其应用于药代动力学研究。

方法:

以稳定同位素标记13C-15N-维格列汀为内标,血浆样品用乙腈进行蛋白沉淀处理,采用Hypurity C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 μL,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI源),多反应监测正离子模式进行检测。用于定量分析的维格列汀监测离子对m/z 304.3→154.2,内标监测离子对m/z 310.3→160.3。考察其专属性、标准曲线、定量限、精密度、回收率、基质效应、稳定性,并使用该方法对健康受试者的血浆维格列汀浓度进行测定。

结果:

血浆中维格列汀质量浓度在1.11~534.0 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好。4个浓度水平的批内、批间精密度(RSD)均在0.9%~8.5%,准确度在99.8%~109.3%。低浓度血浆样品室温放置0.5、1、2 h的准确度分别为92.0%、87.6%、71.2%,冰上放置0.5、1、2 h的准确度分别为102.0%、94.5%、86.6%,该结果提示维格列汀在血浆中可能存在不稳定现象。提取回收率、基质效应以及其他稳定性结果等均符合生物样品分析的相关要求。8例健康受试者药代动力学研究结果:t1/2为(1.49±0.37) h,tmax为(2.06±1.11) h,Cmax为(290.94±100.36) ng·mL-1,AUC0-24 h为(1 343.46±186.89) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞为(1 351.31±188.79) ng·h·mL-1

结论:

该方法操作简便,特异性好,灵敏度高,成功应用于8名健康受试者空腹口服给药50 mg维格列汀片后的药代动力学研究,可作为一种可靠的检测方法用于人体药动学研究和治疗药物监测。

高效液相色谱质谱联用法  /  维格列汀  /  二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(DDP-4)  /  稳定性  /  药代动力学  /  糖尿病  /  治疗药物监测(TDM)
Objective:

To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of vildagliptin in human anticoagulant plasma with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid and apply it to the study of pharmacokinetics.

Methods:

13C-15N-vildagliptin was used as internal standard (IS). After extraction from human plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, all components were separated by a Hypurity C18 column (150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm), using a gradient elution procedure consisting of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Injection volume was just 2 μL. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 304.3→154.2 for vildagliptin and m/z 310.3→160.3 for internal standard. Specificity, standard curve, lower limit of quantification, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were examined. Then this method was used to determine the plasma concentration of veragliptin in healthy subjects.

Results:

The calibration curve of vildagliptin in human plasma was linear over the concentration range of 1.11 to 534.0 ng·mL-1. The lower limit of quantitation was 1.11 ng·mL-1. The intra-and inter-day precisions at four quality control levels were within 0.9%-8.5%, and the accuracy was within 99.8%-109.3%. The data of short-term stability at room temperature displayed that the accuracy percentage of LQC samples was 92.0% for 0.5 h exposure, 87.6% for 1 h exposure, 71.2% for 2 h exposure. These of LQC samples chilled on ice was 102.0% for 0.5 h exposure, 94.5% for 1 h exposure, 86.6% for 2 h exposure. These results showed a phenomenon that there was a possible degradation of vildagliptin in plasma. The results of extraction recovery and matrix effect and other stability met the requirements of biological sample analysis. The pharmacokinetic study results of 8 healthy subjects showed that t1/2 was (1.49±0.37) h, tmax was (2.06±1.11) h, Cmax was (290.94±100.36) ng·mL-1, AUC0-24 h was (1 343.46±186.89) ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞ was (1 351.31±188.79) ng·h·mL-1.

Conclusion:

This method is easy to operate, has high specificity, and sensitivity. It has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 8 healthy subjects after oral administration of 50 mg vigagliptin tablets on an empty stomach. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable detection method for human pharmacokinetic research and therapeutic drug monitoring.

HPLC-MS/MS  /  vildagliptin  /  dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DDP-4)  /  stability  /  pharmacokinetics  /  diabetes  /  therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
王医成, 贺康, 彭静波, 饶泰, 陈尧, 郭莹, 谭志荣. HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中维格列汀浓度及其应用*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.07
Yi-cheng WANG, Kang HE, Jing-bo PENG, Tai RAO, Yao CHEN, Ying GUO, Zhi-rong TAN. HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of vildagliptin in human plasma and its application*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (1) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.07
维格列汀(vildagliptin,图1)是由瑞士诺华制药有限公司研制开发的一种选择性、竞争性、可逆的二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase-4,DPP-4)抑制剂,通过与DPP-4结合形成复合物而抑制该酶的活性,在提高胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)浓度,促使胰岛B细胞产生胰岛素的同时,降低胰高血糖素浓度,从而降低血糖,并且对体重无明显影响[1],因此,2007年获得欧盟委员会批准,用于治疗2型糖尿病,2011年被正式批准在中国上市,目前已在100多个国家获得批准使用。
作为一种广泛应用的抗糖尿病药物,维格列汀在人体血浆中的定量分析对其药代动力学研究和治疗药物监测具有重要意义。然而,迄今为止,与血浆中维格列汀浓度的检测方法相关的文献报道并不多见,报道的检测方法主要包括RP-HPLC[2-3]和LC-MS/MS[4-10]。在这些文献中,有关方法学验证的报道比较少,特别是对维格列汀在血浆和全血中的稳定性更是鲜有提及。
本研究采用乙腈沉淀蛋白前处理方法,使用HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中维格列汀的浓度,实验中着重考察了维格列汀在血浆和全血中的稳定性,并经过方法学验证后将此方法应用于维格列汀片的中国健康受试者人体药代动力学研究。
Triple quad 6500型三重四极杆串联质谱仪(AB Sciex公司),配备电喷雾电离源(ESI源);Analyst1.6.3定量处理软件(AB Sciex公司);液相色谱为Nexera UHPLC/HPLC系统(岛津公司),包括LC-30AD型输液泵、SIL-30AC型自动进样器、DGU-20A5R型脱气机和CTO-20A型柱温箱。氮气发生器(PerMuta公司);Millipore明澈-D24 UV型超纯水一体化系统(Millipore公司);AB265-S型十万之一电子天平(梅特勒-托利多公司);Microfuge 20R高速冷冻离心机(Eppendorf公司)。
维格列汀片(商品名为佳维乐,规格为每片50 mg),诺华制药有限公司生产。维格列汀对照品(批号1-MLM-173-1,纯度97.0%)、同位素内标对照品13C-15N-维格列汀(批号24-GHZ-75-1,纯度99.2%)均购于Toronto Research Chemicals公司。甲醇及乙腈(Merck公司)、甲酸铵(CNW公司)均为色谱纯。去离子水由Millipore纯水仪制备。人空白血浆、溶血血浆、高脂血浆及空白全血由中南大学湘雅医院提供。
临床试验方案经中南大学临床药理研究所伦理委员会批准。8名符合入选标准的健康受试者在签署知情同意书后,空腹口服维格列汀片(每片50 mg)1片,于给药前(0 h)和给药后0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、5、6、8、10、12、16、24 h由肘前静脉采血4 mL至EDTA抗凝负压管中,0.5 h内置于低温离心机中离心(4 ℃,3 500 r·min-1)10 min,分离获得血浆样品,并立即置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存待测。
采用Thermo公司Hypurity C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~0.5 min,70% B;0.5~2.0 min,70% B→90% B;2.0~3.5 min,90% B;3.5~4.0 min,90% B→70% B;4.0~6.0 min,70% B),流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量2.0 μL。
离子源为电喷雾电离源(ESI源),正离子方式检测;扫描方式为多反应监测(MRM),源喷射电压为5 500 V;温度为500 ℃;离子源气体1(N2)压力为379 kPa;离子源气体2(N2)压力为379 kPa;气帘气体(N2)压力为241 kPa;碰撞气压力为62 kPa;扫描时间为100 ms。维格列汀监测离子对为m/z 304.3→154.2,去簇电压(DP)为50 V,射入电压(EP)为10 V,碰撞能量(CE)为23 eV,碰撞室的射出电压(CXP)为10 V;内标监测离子对为m/z 310.3→160.3,DP为80 V,EP为10 V,CE为24 eV,CXP为10 V。
分别精密称取维格列汀对照品适量共2份,用甲醇溶解并定容,配制得质量浓度为1.068、1.070 mg·L-1的维格列汀储备液,分别用于配制系列标准样品和质控样品。用甲醇-水(50∶50,v/v)分别稀释储备液,获得质量浓度为22.25、44.50、89.00、178.00、534.00、1 186.67、3 560.00、10 680.00 ng·mL-1的系列标准溶液和质量浓度为22.25、44.50、535.00、8 560.00 ng·mL-1的质控溶液;取上述系列标准溶液和质控溶液各5 μL,分别加入人空白血浆95 μL,涡旋30 s,获得质量浓度为1.11、2.23、4.45、8.90、26.70、59.33、178.00、534.00 ng·mL-1的系列标准血浆样品和质量浓度分别为1.11、2.23、26.75、428.00 ng·mL-1的定量限、低、中、高浓度质控血浆样品。
精密称取内标对照品适量,用甲醇溶解并定容,配制得质量浓度为0.315 mg·mL-1的内标储备液,并用乙腈稀释获得质量浓度为3.15 ng·mL-1的内标工作溶液备用。
取血浆样品100 μL至2 mL EP管中,加入内标工作溶液1.0 mL,振荡器上涡旋震荡5 min,离心(15 000 r·min-1)10 min,吸取上清液50 μL至另一干净2 mL EP管中,再加入5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液与乙腈混合液(1∶1)300 μL,涡旋震荡2 min,离心(15 000 r·min-1)5 min,转移上清至进样瓶,进行LC-MS/MS分析。
分别取6个不同来源的人空白血浆样品和含内标3.15 ng·mL-1的血浆样品(取内标溶液5 μL,加入人空白血浆95 μL,涡旋30 s),按“2.4”项下方法处理(不加内标工作液,加入乙腈1.0 mL),然后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定。另取6个不同来源的人空白血浆配制含维格列汀1.11 ng·mL-1的标准血浆样品以及受试者服药1 h后的血浆样品,按“2.4”项方法处理后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定。结果显示,维格列汀和内标的保留时间分别为2.27和2.28 min(见图2),无内源性物质干扰维格列汀和内标的测定。
取“2.3”项下制备的系列标准血浆样品,按“2.4”项下方法处理后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定;以维格列汀浓度(X)为横坐标,维格列汀与内标的峰面积比值(Y)为纵坐标,采取加权(W=1/x2)最小二乘法进行线性回归运算,获得标准曲线。取定量下限质控血浆样品进行6样本分析,测定3 d,根据当日标准曲线计算每一样本测得浓度,求得维格列汀的定量下限。结果显示,血浆维格列汀质量浓度在1.11~534.00 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,典型标准曲线回归方程为
定量限为1.11 ng·mL-1
取“2.3”项下制备的定量限、低、中、高4个浓度的质控血浆样品,分别按“2.4”项下方法处理后进行LC-MS/MS分析测定,每一浓度进行6样本分析并在3 d内测试,根据当日标准曲线计算质控血浆样品的浓度,然后计算批内、批间精密度与准确度,结果见表1。批内精密度(RSD)在0.9%~5.2%,准确度在104.6%~109.3%,批间精密度(RSD)在1.6%~8.5%,准确度在99.8%~108.2%;日内和日间的精密度和准确度均符合生物样品测定相关要求[11-12]
分别取6份不同来源的人空白血浆、3份溶血空白血浆、3份高脂空白血浆各100 μL,分别加入内标工作溶液1.0 mL,涡旋震荡5 min后,离心(15 000 r·min-1) 10 min,取上清液1 000 μL,再分别加入低、中、高质控溶液5 μL涡旋混匀后,吸取上清液50 μL至另一干净2 mL EP管中,再加入5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液与乙腈混合液(1∶1)300 μL,涡旋震荡2 min,离心(15 000 r·min-1)5 min后进样分析,得到相应峰面积(A);同时另取水100 μL代替空白血浆,按上述方法处理并进样分析后得到相应峰面积(B)。将同一浓度采用上述2种方法处理后得到的峰面积进行比较计算分别获得分析物和内标的基质效应(A/B×100%),再将分析物和内标的基质效应进行比较计算得到内标归一化的基质效应。结果见表2,正常血浆、溶血血浆和高脂血浆的内标归一化基质效应RSD均在4.6%以内。结果表明,维格列汀和内标在本方法的色谱和质谱条件下,可忽略基质效应的影响。
取低、中、高质控血浆样品,按“2.4”项下方法操作,每一浓度进行6样本分析。同时另取人空白血浆100 μL,按“2.5.4”项下方法处理后进样分析。以每一浓度采用2种处理方法后得到的峰面积比值计算处理回收率。结果显示维格列汀在低、中、高浓度的回收率分别为85.0%、89.2%和84.9%。
文献报道维格列汀易发生氰化水解而不稳定[13],因此,在建立检测方法时,全面考察了维格列汀的稳定性,包括质控血浆样品室温放置0.5、1、2 h;冰上(4 ℃)放置0.5、1、2 h;质控全血样品(取质控溶液5 μL,加入人空白全血95 μL,涡旋30 s得到)室温放置0.5、1、2 h;质控血浆样品预处理后在自动进样器放置30 h;质控血浆样品3次冷冻-解冻循环和-80 ℃放置90 d;以及维格列汀储备液和系列标准溶液室温放置6 h、低温长期放置的稳定性。考察时,每个方法均考察低、高2个质控浓度水平各6个样品。
验证结果见表3,低浓度质控血浆样品在室温放置0.5、1、2 h的准确度从92.0%降至71.2%,冰上(4 ℃左右)放置0.5、1、2 h,准确度从102.0%降至86.6%;低浓度质控全血样品室温放置0.5、1、2 h,准确度从102.4%降至86.5%;高浓度质控血浆样品和质控全血样品的准确度则无明显降低。质控血浆样品3次冷冻-解冻循环和-80 ℃放置90 d均稳定;质控血浆样品预处理后自动进样器放置30 h亦稳定。甲醇溶解配制的维格列汀储备液在室温放置6 h和-20 ℃超低温冰箱放置43 d,甲醇水溶液稀释配制的系列标准溶液在室温放置6 h以及冷藏(2~8 ℃)15 d之后与新鲜配制的相同浓度溶液进行峰面积比较,偏差分别是1.8%、0.87%、-2.0%和0.59%。
质控血浆样品用人空白血浆稀释5倍后,测定维格列汀的精密度和准确度分别为0.8%和101.1%;结果表明血浆样品经空白血浆稀释5倍后测定不影响结果的准确性。
选取32个达峰浓度点及消除相末端浓度点附近的血浆样品进行再分析,占研究样品总数量的25%。按“2.4”项下方法操作,测定结果显示,32个血浆样品再分析的结果与原始值的差异在-17.24%~10.47%,100%达到了接受标准。
将建立并经过验证的方法应用于维格列汀片的人体药代动力学研究,8名受试者空腹口服维格列汀片50 mg,经检测并统计得到的结果显示:维格列汀t1/2为(1.49±0.37) h,tmax为(2.06±1.11) h,Cmax为(290.94±100.36) ng·mL-1,血浆AUC0-24 h为(1 343.46±186.89) ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞为(1 351.31±188.79) ng·h·mL-1,维格列汀的平均药时曲线见图3
本方法在建立的过程中对色谱条件如色谱柱、流动相组合、流动相比例、流速等均进行了优化考察。色谱柱考察了Hypurity C18、Luna C18、ACE Super C18柱等不同填料和粒径的色谱柱,流动相试用过甲醇-水、乙腈-水等组合,以及水中加入不同浓度的甲酸铵、甲酸等试剂,流动相比例则考察了等度和梯度洗脱,测试了0.3、0.4、0.5 mL·min-1等流速,最终选择Hypurity C18(150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液-乙腈组合,梯度洗脱,0.5 mL·min-1的流速等色谱条件,可以获得最佳的色谱保留和峰形。在样品处理方面,有的报道采用固相萃取法[7-10],但这些方法的过程繁杂且成本高;有的报道采用液液萃取法[4],其过程同样繁杂不易操作。本研究采用蛋白沉淀法,研究过程中尝试过甲醇、甲醇含甲酸等溶剂进行提取,效果并不理想,最终采用乙腈进行蛋白沉淀,可以获得最佳的提取效率,并将内标直接配制在乙腈中,减少额外加入内标带来的溶剂效应。此外,血浆样品在沉淀蛋白离心后,取上清液用流动相混合液进行稀释,能够获得更佳的峰形。
相较于其他文献[4-10],本研究进行了相对完整的方法学验证,包括维格列汀在全血中的稳定性、高脂血浆和溶血血浆基质效应。并且在稳定性验证过程中发现维格列汀存在不稳定现象,这在其他文献中没有报道过。不稳定的现象在血浆和全血中均存在,且在低浓度血浆样品中比较明显,而高浓度血浆样品则不明显,低温(4 ℃左右)情况下,不稳定的现象可以得到延缓。可能的原因是维格列汀的结构中含有氰基,在弱碱性的血浆和全血中发生了氰基水解,但水解的量较少,因此,对低浓度血浆样品影响较明显,但对高浓度血浆样品则无明显影响。本研究的稳定性结果提示,在研究维格列汀人体药动学的临床试验过程中,采血后分离血浆应该在低温(4 ℃)环境下1 h内完成,并应立即转移至超低温(-80 ℃)条件下保存待测。
本研究定量限为1.11 ng·mL-1,明显低于其他文献[4-10]报道。最终,本方法经过验证后成功应用于人体药代动力学研究,8名受试者空腹口服维格列汀片50 mg后,经检测和数据统计,血浆中的主要药动学参数AUC、Cmaxtmaxt1/2与文献报道[7-10,14-15]基本一致。
综上所述,本研究成功建立了一种HPLC-MS/MS法测定人EDTA抗凝血浆中维格列汀的浓度,本方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度与精密度,检测线性范围宽,检测时间短,可作为一种可靠的检测方法用于人体药动学研究和治疗浓度监测。
  • *湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ9057)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80113)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80097)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 修回日期:2023-12-22
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*湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ9057)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80113)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ80097)
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    1.中南大学湘雅医院临床药理研究所,长沙 410078
    2.中南大学临床药理研究所,长沙 410078

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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