Article(id=1240372081599239021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1682524800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773657349252, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773657349252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773657349252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657349252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240372078617096528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773657348540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657513974, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240372081905423219, articleId=1240372081599239021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Recent advances of gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry in food and pharmaceutical analysis*, columnId=1206272756614754650, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Review & Monography, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap/MS), a developing gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry approach, allows for high throughput qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components. It has the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and a wide linear dynamic range, which makes it well suitable for the analysis of a wide range of trace substances in complex matrices. In recent years, this technology has been applied in environmental science, industry, food analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, forensic science, clinical medicine and other fields. This paper presents the first review of GC-Orbitrap/MS, which not only describes the basic principles and technical characteristics, but also introduces the progress of the technique in food and pharmaceutical research. Applications in food analysis include the inspection of pesticide residues, detection of persistent organic compounds and analysis of flavor substances. In pharmaceutics, the analysis of chemical impurities and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine are introduced. It is noteworthy that this technique is particularly advantageous for the identification of unknown compounds and the determination of ultra-trace components. Lastly but importantly, this review summarizes the challenges encountered in the current development of this technique, including the establishment of high-resolution standard databases, the selection and optimization of sample pre-treatment method and the application of GC-Orbitrap/MS in the field of traditional traditional Chinese medicine. A few solutions are also proposed, such as the application of variable electron voltage technique, the combination of two-dimensional gas chromatography and electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry and the integrated analysis comprehensively using multiple scan modes. These strategies are aimed to provide more advanced and accurate solutions to food, pharmaceutical, and other relevant analysis.

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气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱(gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry,GC-Orbitrap/MS)作为新兴的高分辨气质联用技术,可实现挥发性成分的精确质量检测和高通量定性定量分析,具有灵敏度高,选择性强,线性动态范围宽等优点,能够很好地应对复杂基质中多种痕量物质分析带来的挑战,近年已开始应用于环境、工业、食品、制药、司法、临床等领域。本文对GC-Orbitrap/MS技术进行全面综述,阐述其基本原理及技术特点,介绍该技术在食品与药品分析研究中的应用进展,包括食品中农药残留检查、持久性有机物检测、香气物质分析和化学药品杂质分析与中药质量评价,并重点分析在超痕量成分测定和未知化合物鉴别方面的优势。最后,从高分辨率标准数据库的建立、可变电子电压技术的应用、样品前处理方式的选择开发与优化、二维GC-Orbitrap/MS串联等角度,提出GC-Orbitrap/MS未来发展方向并展望其应用前景。

, correspAuthors=聂黎行, 马双成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**聂黎行 Tel:(010)67095424;E-mail:
马双成 Tel:(010)53852076;E-mail:
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Tel: 18852070869;E-mail:

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Food Chem2022393:133377, articleTitle=Fingerprinting based on gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometrics to reveal geographical origin,processing,and volatile markers for thyme authentication, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240376134530036140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=344, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=62, authorNames=CASTRO-ALVES V, KALBINA I, NILSEN A, journalName=Food Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASTRO-ALVES VKALBINA INILSEN A,et al. Integration of non-target metabolomics and sensory analysis unravels vegetable plant metabolite signatures associated with sensory quality:a case study using dill (Anethum graveolens)[J]. Food Chem2021344:128714, articleTitle=Integration of non-target metabolomics and sensory analysis unravels vegetable plant metabolite signatures associated with sensory quality:a case study using dill (Anethum graveolens), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240376134609727919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=2022, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=63, authorNames=WANG YY, MENG ZJ, SU CY, journalName=J Anal Methods Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG YYMENG ZJSU CY,et al. Rapid screening of 352 pesticide residues in chrysanthemum flower by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with Sin-QuEChERS nanocolumn extraction[J]. J Anal Methods Chem20222022:7684432, articleTitle=Rapid screening of 352 pesticide residues in chrysanthemum flower by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with Sin-QuEChERS nanocolumn extraction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240376129006137575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, awardId=2023YFC3504100, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家重点研发计划中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240376129094217965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, awardId=GJJS-2022-7-1, language=CN, fundingSource=中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-7-1), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240376123079586644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123092169557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123079586644, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123100558166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123079586644, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240376123192832862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123201221472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123192832862, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123205415778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123192832862, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深圳市人民医院(暨南大学第二临床医学院,南方科技大学第一附属医院)药学部,深圳518020)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240376123356410728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123368993640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123356410728, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Thermo Fisher Scientific China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123373187944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123356410728, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,北京 100013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240376123461268332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123469656942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123461268332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240376123473851247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, companyId=1240376123461268332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.国家药典委员会,北京 100061)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240376128376991947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure diagram of GC-Orbitrap/MS, figureFileSmall=QtkZQhofn+xQbfPl94J8Gg==, figureFileBig=KS0o0xP/QwAXhBS4hK2O1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376128486043854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, language=CN, label=图1, caption=GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪结构图, figureFileSmall=QtkZQhofn+xQbfPl94J8Gg==, figureFileBig=KS0o0xP/QwAXhBS4hK2O1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376128674787547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Application of GC-Orbitrap/MS technology in food analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
领域
(field)
样品
(sample)
前处理
(pretreatment)
电离方式
(ionization mode)
扫描模式
(scan mode)
数据库匹配
(database matching)
参考文献
(reference)
农药残留(pesticide residues)番茄、韭菜和柑橘
(tomato,leek and orange)
QuEChERSEIFSNIST 14[21]
谷物和饲料
(cereals and feed)
QuEChERSFS,SIM-[22]
婴儿食品
(baby foods)
QuEChERSFS自建数据库(self-built database)[23]
黄瓜、柠檬和西兰花(cucumber,lemon and broccoli)迷你卢克法(mini-Luke)FS自建数据库(self-built database)[24]
香蕉、西瓜、梨和草莓(banana,watermelon,pear and strawberry)QuEChERSFS标准数据库(standard database)[25]
果蔬汁(vegetable and fruit juices)多塞过滤净化 [multiplug filtration cleanup(m-PFC)]FS自建数据库(self-built database)[26]
大米、茶叶等农产品(rice,tea and other agricultural products)固相分散萃取样品处理一体机(integrated solid phase dispersion extraction sample processing machine)FS自建数据库(self-built database)[27]
持久性有机污染物
[persistent organic pollutants(POPs)]
牛奶和母乳(cow’s and human milk)索氏提取、凝胶渗透色谱和高效液相色谱净化(Soxhlet extraction,gel permeation chromatography and HPLC purification)EIfull MS-SIM,targeted-SIM and parallel reaction monitoring-[28]
海参(sea cucumber)QuEChERSFS自建数据库,NIST(self-built database and NIST)[29]
金枪鱼(tuna)加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法(accelerated solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography)FS-[30]
奶粉(milk powder)加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法(accelerated solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography--[31]
氯化石蜡,短链氯化石蜡和中链氯化石蜡[chlorinated paraffins (CPs),short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs)]-电子捕获负离子[electron capture negative ionization(ECNI)]FS-[32]
鲑鱼(salmon)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[33]
鲑鱼(salmon)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[34]
婴儿奶粉和婴儿麦片(infant formula and baby cereal)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[35]
风味物质(flavor substances)朗姆酒(rum)顶空固相微萃取[headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)]正电子离子[positive electron ionization (PEI)]FSNIST 2014[36]
笃斯越橘果酒(Chinese bog bilberry wine)FSNIST 11[37]
烤羊肉(roasted mutton)EIFSNIST[38]
蓝莓酒、枸杞酒、山楂酒(blueberry wine,goji berry wine and hawthorn wine)PEIFS-[39]
非葡萄基酒(nongrape wine)FSNIST 20[40]
), ArticleFig(id=1240376128779645150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372081599239021, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GC-Orbitrap/MS技术在食品分析中的应用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
领域
(field)
样品
(sample)
前处理
(pretreatment)
电离方式
(ionization mode)
扫描模式
(scan mode)
数据库匹配
(database matching)
参考文献
(reference)
农药残留(pesticide residues)番茄、韭菜和柑橘
(tomato,leek and orange)
QuEChERSEIFSNIST 14[21]
谷物和饲料
(cereals and feed)
QuEChERSFS,SIM-[22]
婴儿食品
(baby foods)
QuEChERSFS自建数据库(self-built database)[23]
黄瓜、柠檬和西兰花(cucumber,lemon and broccoli)迷你卢克法(mini-Luke)FS自建数据库(self-built database)[24]
香蕉、西瓜、梨和草莓(banana,watermelon,pear and strawberry)QuEChERSFS标准数据库(standard database)[25]
果蔬汁(vegetable and fruit juices)多塞过滤净化 [multiplug filtration cleanup(m-PFC)]FS自建数据库(self-built database)[26]
大米、茶叶等农产品(rice,tea and other agricultural products)固相分散萃取样品处理一体机(integrated solid phase dispersion extraction sample processing machine)FS自建数据库(self-built database)[27]
持久性有机污染物
[persistent organic pollutants(POPs)]
牛奶和母乳(cow’s and human milk)索氏提取、凝胶渗透色谱和高效液相色谱净化(Soxhlet extraction,gel permeation chromatography and HPLC purification)EIfull MS-SIM,targeted-SIM and parallel reaction monitoring-[28]
海参(sea cucumber)QuEChERSFS自建数据库,NIST(self-built database and NIST)[29]
金枪鱼(tuna)加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法(accelerated solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography)FS-[30]
奶粉(milk powder)加速溶剂萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法(accelerated solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography--[31]
氯化石蜡,短链氯化石蜡和中链氯化石蜡[chlorinated paraffins (CPs),short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs)]-电子捕获负离子[electron capture negative ionization(ECNI)]FS-[32]
鲑鱼(salmon)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[33]
鲑鱼(salmon)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[34]
婴儿奶粉和婴儿麦片(infant formula and baby cereal)加速溶剂萃取和加压流体萃取(accelerated solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction)FS-[35]
风味物质(flavor substances)朗姆酒(rum)顶空固相微萃取[headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)]正电子离子[positive electron ionization (PEI)]FSNIST 2014[36]
笃斯越橘果酒(Chinese bog bilberry wine)FSNIST 11[37]
烤羊肉(roasted mutton)EIFSNIST[38]
蓝莓酒、枸杞酒、山楂酒(blueberry wine,goji berry wine and hawthorn wine)PEIFS-[39]
非葡萄基酒(nongrape wine)FSNIST 20[40]
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气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱在食品和药品分析中的研究进展*
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吴炎培 1 , 原文鹏 2 , 胡新华 2 , 聂黎行 1, ** , 黄烈岩 1 , 邢江涛 3 , 于健东 1 , 魏锋 1 , 马双成 4, **
药物分析杂志 | 综述专论 2024,44(1): 1-10
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药物分析杂志 | 综述专论 2024, 44(1): 1-10
气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱在食品和药品分析中的研究进展*
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吴炎培1 , 原文鹏2, 胡新华2, 聂黎行1, ** , 黄烈岩1, 邢江涛3, 于健东1, 魏锋1, 马双成4, **
作者信息
  • 1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050
  • 2.深圳市人民医院(暨南大学第二临床医学院,南方科技大学第一附属医院)药学部,深圳518020
  • 3.赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,北京 100013
  • 4.国家药典委员会,北京 100061
  • Tel: 18852070869;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**聂黎行 Tel:(010)67095424;E-mail:
马双成 Tel:(010)53852076;E-mail:
Recent advances of gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry in food and pharmaceutical analysis*
Yan-pei WU1 , Wen-peng YUAN2, Xin-hua HU2, Li-xing NIE1, ** , Lie-yan HUANG1, Jiang-tao XING3, Jian-dong YU1, Feng WEI1, Shuang-cheng MA4, **
Affiliations
  • 1.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2.Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
  • 3.Thermo Fisher Scientific China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
  • 4.Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.01
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气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱(gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry,GC-Orbitrap/MS)作为新兴的高分辨气质联用技术,可实现挥发性成分的精确质量检测和高通量定性定量分析,具有灵敏度高,选择性强,线性动态范围宽等优点,能够很好地应对复杂基质中多种痕量物质分析带来的挑战,近年已开始应用于环境、工业、食品、制药、司法、临床等领域。本文对GC-Orbitrap/MS技术进行全面综述,阐述其基本原理及技术特点,介绍该技术在食品与药品分析研究中的应用进展,包括食品中农药残留检查、持久性有机物检测、香气物质分析和化学药品杂质分析与中药质量评价,并重点分析在超痕量成分测定和未知化合物鉴别方面的优势。最后,从高分辨率标准数据库的建立、可变电子电压技术的应用、样品前处理方式的选择开发与优化、二维GC-Orbitrap/MS串联等角度,提出GC-Orbitrap/MS未来发展方向并展望其应用前景。

气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱  /  高分辨质谱  /  食品  /  药品  /  农药残留  /  持久性有机物  /  香气物质  /  杂质分析  /  中药质量评价  /  综述

Gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Orbitrap/MS), a developing gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry approach, allows for high throughput qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components. It has the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and a wide linear dynamic range, which makes it well suitable for the analysis of a wide range of trace substances in complex matrices. In recent years, this technology has been applied in environmental science, industry, food analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, forensic science, clinical medicine and other fields. This paper presents the first review of GC-Orbitrap/MS, which not only describes the basic principles and technical characteristics, but also introduces the progress of the technique in food and pharmaceutical research. Applications in food analysis include the inspection of pesticide residues, detection of persistent organic compounds and analysis of flavor substances. In pharmaceutics, the analysis of chemical impurities and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine are introduced. It is noteworthy that this technique is particularly advantageous for the identification of unknown compounds and the determination of ultra-trace components. Lastly but importantly, this review summarizes the challenges encountered in the current development of this technique, including the establishment of high-resolution standard databases, the selection and optimization of sample pre-treatment method and the application of GC-Orbitrap/MS in the field of traditional traditional Chinese medicine. A few solutions are also proposed, such as the application of variable electron voltage technique, the combination of two-dimensional gas chromatography and electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry and the integrated analysis comprehensively using multiple scan modes. These strategies are aimed to provide more advanced and accurate solutions to food, pharmaceutical, and other relevant analysis.

gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry  /  high resolution mass spectrometry  /  food  /  pharmaceutical  /  pesticide residues  /  persistent organic pollutant  /  aroma substance  /  impurity analysis  /  quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine  /  review
吴炎培, 原文鹏, 胡新华, 聂黎行, 黄烈岩, 邢江涛, 于健东, 魏锋, 马双成. 气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱在食品和药品分析中的研究进展*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.01
Yan-pei WU, Wen-peng YUAN, Xin-hua HU, Li-xing NIE, Lie-yan HUANG, Jiang-tao XING, Jian-dong YU, Feng WEI, Shuang-cheng MA. Recent advances of gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry in food and pharmaceutical analysis*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (1) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.01
气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)是采用气相色谱(gas chromatography,GC)进样分离,质谱(mass spectrometry,MS)进行组分定性与定量分析的技术。自1957年Holmes和Morrell[1]首次实现GC-MS联用以来,该技术逐渐被应用于各领域挥发性物质的分析检测中。GC可与多种类型的质谱联用,包括离子阱(ion trap,IT)、四极杆(quadrupole,Q)、三重四极杆(triple quadrupole,QqQ)等低分辨率质量分析器和磁质谱(magnetic sector mass spectrometry)、飞行时间(time of flight,TOF)、静电场轨道阱(Orbitrap)及傅里叶变换离子回旋共振(Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance,FT-ICR)等高分辨质量分析器。气相色谱-低分辨率质谱(gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry,GC-LRMS)一般用于分析已知化合物,需在实验开始设置特征离子或离子对等参数,假阳性干扰常见,并存在忽视潜在分析物的可能。气相色谱-高分辨率质谱(gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,GC-HRMS)参数设定简单,抗基质干扰能力强,可进行非靶向未知物筛查和数据库之外的溯源分析,进一步扩大了GC-MS技术的应用范围。
各种GC-HRMS仪器中,近年来最受瞩目的是气相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱(gas chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry,GC-Orbitrap/MS)仪。GC-Orbitrap/MS仪兼具GC-TOF/MS仪与GC-FT-ICR/MS仪的优点,灵敏度、分辨率与质量稳定性优于GC-TOF/MS仪,仪器体积更小,操作、维护与数据处理简单,价格较GC-FT-ICR/MS仪更低。商业化GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪MS部分由四极杆与Orbitrap质量分析器串联,其中四极杆质量分析器可实现离子选择,Orbitrap则提高分辨率、灵敏度及稳定的质量精度[2-4]。GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪不仅使定量分析更加准确,还可以对复杂样品进行选择性筛选工作,近年来开始为许多研究领域提供强大的技术支持,包括代谢组学[5]、临床毒理学[6]、食品分析[7]、药物分析[8]、环境分析[9-10]及石油化工[11]等。
食品、药品作为典型的混合体系,其GC-MS分析面临被测成分复杂、基质干扰严重的挑战,常规GC-LRMS联用技术对含量极低或未知组分的分析仍存在一定困难,GC-Orbitrap/MS仪可为其定性分析提供准确、可靠且丰富的化合物信息;定量分析方面,高灵敏度的Orbitrap质量分析器可对痕量组分进行分析[12]。鉴于Orbitrap质量分析器的优越性能,LC-Orbitrap/MS仪的应用已十分广泛,但GC-Orbitrap/MS仪的应用尚处于起步阶段,全面系统的综述未见报道。本文介绍了GC-Orbitrap/MS仪的原理、结构、技术特点,并对其在食品、药品分析领域的应用进行综述,分析其优势,旨在为从事相关领域工作的科技人员提供理论支持和技术参考。
Orbitrap质量分析器雏形出现于1923年,Kingdon教授[13]提出稳定静电场约束带电粒子的方法—静电场阱Kingdon trap。1981年Knight[14]在Kingdon trap的基础上加以改进,提出Knight trap,将仪器外部圆柱体设计为类双锥体结构,使离子可在阱内作谐波运动。1999年Makarov在ASMS报道了高性能质量分析技术:静电轴向简谐轨道阱(electrostatic axially harmonic orbital trapping),并于次年在Analytical Chemistry上进行了介绍[15],第1台Orbitrap/MS仪于2001年在爱丁堡大学投入使用。
Orbitrap质量分析器由1个纺锤形中心内电极和2个外纺锤半电极组成[16],离子进入Orbitrap质量分析器后,通过提升中心电极电压的绝对值增加场强,产生向心吸引力,使离子在到达电极前不再沿原先方向运动,改做圆周运动,围绕中心电极旋转。离子轴向运动时在外电极上会产生镜像电流,对其进行检测。与LC-Orbitrap/MS联用技术相比,GC-Orbitrap/MS仪发展较晚。2010年Peterson等[17]首次将EI离子源的Orbitrap/MS仪作为一维GC检测器,获得超105 FWHM(m/z 400)的分辨率。商业化的GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪器于2015年问世,质量精度可达10-6,灵敏度达飞克级[18]。最近,科学家开始尝试将全二维气相色谱(comprehensive two-dimensional GC,GC×GC)与Orbitrap/MS联用[19],获得相较于一维GC-MS更大的峰容量、更快的扫描速度与更精准的定量能力。
目前Orbitrap/MS与GC联用,最主流的仪器为GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪。GC仪将待测样品分离成各分子组分经接口传输进MS仪。 MS仪部分由离子源、离子传输组件、四极杆质量分析器、C型阱(C-trap)、Orbitrap质量分析器和高能碰撞 (high collision dissociation cell,HCD)池组成(见图1)。GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪常见离子源有电子轰击电离源(electron ionization,EI)与化学电离源(chemical ionization,CI),EI的优点是所获得的离子碎片适合与美国国家标准技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)和Wiley数据库进行匹配,快速对化合物进行定性;CI则可以得到分子离子峰信息,且加和离子碎片较小。然而,EI所得碎片离子过多、分子离子常缺失限制仪器性能;CI灵敏度通常较低,且无法通过数据库检索识别化合物。相较于传统EI,使用创新型EI软电离-可变电子电压技术,兼具EI和CI两者的优点,减少不含有用结构信息的低质量离子,同时增加较高质量离子或分子离子信息,有利于化合物结构分析。由GC仪分离的各组分分子转换成离子后经传输组件递送入四极杆质量分析器,离子透镜系统及弯曲杆可起聚集离子和去除中性的干扰作用,四极杆质量分析器进一步筛选离子,由C-trap质量分析器捕获并于高纯氮气碰撞下减速,在电势差作用下由Orbitrap质量分析器吸入,因离子在Orbitrap质量分析器内不同频率振荡而过滤分离。计算机解析离子震荡频率,通过增强型傅里叶变换(enhanced Fourier transform,eFT)得到质谱图。C-trap质量分析器同时连接HCD池,HCD池通过施加合适电压将离子碎裂得到二级碎片,再经C-trap质量分析器传输进Orbitrap质量分析器分析得二级质谱图。Q-Orbitrap/MS仪提供全扫描(full scan,FS)、产物离子扫描(product ion san,PIS)、选择离子监测(selected ion monitor scan,SIM)等多种扫描模式,并可与一、二级质谱灵活组合,结合数据依赖性采集(data-dependent acquisition)和数据非依赖性采集(data-independent acquisition),满足多种样品分析需求。得益于高分辨的选择性以及高灵敏度,大多数应用FS模式即可完成。
GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪已具备成熟软件进行高通量筛查和定量,丰富的GC-MS标准数据库为数据分析增加可行性与可信度。作为新型GC-MS技术,其性能优于广泛使用的GC-QqQ/MS仪、GC-TOF/MS仪,具有高分辨率下保持高灵敏度、稳定精确质量数、6个数量级的宽线性范围等特点,可对未知化合物进行确证,在成分精确分析、痕量成分鉴定等方面优势明显。近5年许多研究工作使用GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪取得了众多成果,其应用领域也日益增多。
影响食品质量及安全的物质数量繁多,常处于痕量水平,加之不可忽视的基质干扰,开发稳定灵敏的分析方法一直是研究热点[20]。具有高通量筛查多组分能力的GC-Orbitrap/MS技术在食品检测行业中的应用方兴未艾,涉及领域包括农药残留检查、持久性污染物检测、风味物质分析等,详见表1
2022年2月实施的GB2763-2021《食品中农药最大残留限量》[41]中规定了564种农药在376种(类)食品中10 092项的最大残留量,常规的GC-MS农残筛查使用QqQ-MS多反应监测模式扫描,不进行非靶向分析,当基质干扰严重、目标化合物浓度极低时,上述检测方法面临一定的局限性。GC-Orbitrap/MS可采集全面的化合物信息,在复杂基质中开展大规模农药同时筛查,基质干扰小,检测限低[42]。Mol等[21]首次使用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪检测果蔬中54种农药残留,详细评估了EI的GC-Orbitrap/MS全扫描模式应用于痕量残留物的分析能力,证明其分辨率、动态范围、选择性、灵敏度、化合物识别精度和扫描速度皆满足要求,并确定NIST数据库可辅助GC-Orbitrap/MS仪确证化合物。Garvey等[24]开发果蔬中167种农药和多氯联苯的定量分析方法,指出GC-Orbitrap/MS仪具有比GC-QqQ/MS仪更高的灵敏度和质量准确度,60 000分辨率即可获得与QqQ/MS系统相当的信噪比,为水果和蔬菜样品中农药残留的定量提供了替代GC-QqQ/MS仪的可行系统。
数据库的开发和使用,以及用于非靶标分析的软件和策略,可允许在不需要对照品的情况下检测大量化合物。Vargas-PÉrez等[25]分别使用GC-Orbitrap/MS靶向和非靶向方法,结合NIST 2.0及软件内置食品与环境污染物数据库,进行水果中农药多残留分析。靶向方法在14个样品的实际检测中筛查到12种农药,非靶向方法在证实前述结果外还鉴定出多种其他农药,如西瓜中的吡螨胺杀虫剂、香蕉中的虫螨威和仲丁威杀虫剂,进一步证明GC-Orbitrap/MS仪是一种用于半靶向或非靶向筛选的强大工具,帮助识别和确认潜在的化合物化学结构。
POPs在环境中含量极低,常规检测方法存在困难。GC-Orbitrap/MS仪可提供足够的分辨率与灵敏度,适用于食品中POPs分析。Hayward等[28]证明GC-Orbitrap/MS可媲美双聚焦磁质谱对牛奶和母乳中的二噁英(polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,dibenzofurans,PCDD/Fs)与多氯联苯类(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)进行高分辨检测。马畅等[29]通过GC-Orbitrap/MS仪对海参中的有机氯农药、多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)、PCBs等10大类289种有机污染物进行高通量分析,首次在海参中检出9-氯芴、5-氯苊、3-甲基胆蒽,辅以与内标的相对响应因子,可广泛应用于水产品中风险物质的非目标筛查和精准定量。Wickrama-Arachchige课题组[30]采用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪测定卤代PAHs在不同种类金枪鱼中的积累,检测出30种氯代PAHs、21种溴代PAHs,在相同条件检测到斯里兰卡和日本杂货店牛奶和奶粉商品中的75种卤代PAHs和母体多环芳烃[31]
作为增塑剂或阻燃剂,SCCPs和MCCPs被广泛使用并导致污染。气相色谱-电子捕获负离子化-低分辨率质谱(GC-ECNI-LRMS)是目前最常用的分析方法,但因SCCPs、MCCPs及其他多卤代污染物显示出重叠的GC行为和MS质量范围[43-44],已报道的研究结果几乎没有可比性。Meézieère等[32]比较了不同MS和定量方法分析CPs的适用性,在LC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪、LC/ESI-Q-Tof/MS仪、GC/ECNI-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪中注入相同链长的CPs对照品,不同仪器响应模式与分析结果不同,表明在公布检测结果数据时需对仪器参数进行全面描述。Krätschmer等[33]采用GC/ECNI-Orbitrap/MS仪深入研究食物中可能含有的SCCPs和MCCPs。在60 000和120 000 FWHM(m/z 200)分辨率下,ECNI电离模式能在一次全扫描中测定鲑鱼中所有的CPs,方法克服系列基质干扰问题且受其他卤代化合物的干扰较小,具有良好的线性、精密度和选择性;2019年该团队进一步分析了德国市场上133份鲑鱼[34],并将CPs、PCBs和六溴环十二烷的含量水平进行了比较;2020年利用GC/ECNI-Orbitrap/HRMS仪分析了21种婴儿配方奶粉和10种速溶婴儿麦片中CPs的存在情况[35]
香气是食品品质的重要指标[45],其含量分布较宽,且具有组成复杂、不稳定及分子结构高度特异性的特点[46],需开发宽动态范围及高灵敏的分析方法进行研究。目前,GC-MS已广泛应用于食物中香气物质的鉴定和定量,相较于GC-Q/MS仪[47-51],GC-Orbitrap/MS仪背景离子干扰低,目标分析物信噪比高,为挥发性化合物的测定提供了更多可能,已被应用于食品风味、产品轮廓分析等研究。Belmonte-Sánchez等[36]建立了基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(HS-SPME-GC-QqQ/MS)的靶向和非靶向分析方法,使用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪额外验证,结合多变量分析,对33种不同品牌朗姆酒按生产国、原料、蒸馏方法、木桶类型和酿造时间进行了分类,开发全面、可靠的分析策略来分析挥发性/半挥发性化合物;保留时间在11.8 min的化合物,GC-QqQ/MS鉴定为四氢-5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醇,GC-Orbitrap/MS分析鉴定为四氢吡喃-2-甲醇,二者具有相同的分子式、精确质量和类似质谱图,谱图间主要区别为离子簇(m/z 55~60)中的分布,团簇轮廓与四氢吡喃-2-甲醇符合,高分辨率过滤评分(high-resolution filtering scores,HRFS)达100%,GC-Orbitrap/MS分析方法修正了GC-QqQ/MS的鉴定结果。Lin等[37]采用GC-Q/MS和GC-Orbitrap/MS多元分析方法对笃斯越橘果酒的感官和化学成分进行了剖析,分别对6种市售的笃斯越橘果酒中99和49种潜在的关键挥发性化合物进行鉴定。GC-Orbitrap/MS仪检测到威士忌内酯等GC-Q/MS仪未检出的物质,证明其分析潜在挥发性成分的能力。Liu等[38]则采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS仪和GC-Orbitrap/MS仪实现烤羊肉香气成分的全面分析,共鉴定出24个亚类2 488种脂类,通过GC-Orbitrap/MS仪检测到67种芳香化合物,共有13种挥发性物质被确定为烤羊肉中的特征气味。
标准商业化或自建数据库的使用可辅助GC-MS结果分析。Liu等[39]使用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪对蓝莓酒、枸杞酒、山楂酒进行检测并建立了包含果酒中76种挥发性化合物信息的数据库,提供其高分辨质谱图、精确离子碎片、相对丰度、保留指数、CAS值、化学结构图、香气描述和香气阈值信息,后续实验利用此HRMS数据库成功鉴定了16种果酒中的挥发性成分。目前,NIST和Wiley等标准数据库大多是通过GC-Q/MS仪建立,对GC-Orbitrap/MS仪结果分析有一定借鉴意义,但仍存在某些特定化合物GC-Orbitrap/MS仪和GC-Q/MS仪质谱图不同的情况。Liu的另一项研究采用HS-SPME-GC-Q-Orbitrap/MS仪同时测定蓝莓酒、枸杞酒和山楂酒中12种内酯和11种挥发性酚[40],部分关键成分的GC-Orbitrap/MS质谱图与由GC-Q/MS仪获得的NIST 20数据库标准质谱图不尽相同:在4-乙烯基愈创木酚的HRMS谱图中未检测到m/z 33~60的碎片,而LRMS谱图则包含m/z 33~60的碎片;δ-十一内酯的HRMS谱和LRMS谱中m/z 71和m/z 99的离子丰度完全不同。
杂质控制是药物质量研究的关键问题,GC-Orbitrap/MS仪具有高分辨率与高于10-6级质量精度,结合自动反褶积软件算法和数据库,是定性和定量评估影响药品纯度组分的有效解决方案。Baldwin等[52]首次评估了GC-Orbitrap/MS仪在药物研究中的适用性,讨论了在EI和CI下用于杂质鉴定的质量精度,结果表明所有精确质量测量值与理论值差<1.1×10-6。GC-Orbitrap/MS仪扫描速度与分辨率成反比,对于峰纯度评估或共洗脱杂质的鉴定,在1个峰上至少需要10次数据采集以获得满足定量分析所需要的峰形。实验使用CI分别于15 000、30 000、60 000、120 000 FWHM(m/z 200)分辨率下分析2,6-二氟溴苄(甲醇中2.5 μg·mL-1),评估峰扫描次数与每次扫描的质量精度,结果表明即使在120 000 FWHM(m/z 200)分辨率下也可获得足够的扫描次数,确保精准的峰积分。此外在60 000 FWHM(m/z 200)分辨率下获得的每次扫描的质量精度,仪器结果与理论值相差<0.3×10-6,对于没有从主峰中完全色谱分离的共流出杂质GC-Orbitrap/MS仪仍可准确鉴别。Kee等[53]采用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪分析盐酸二甲双胍中的N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA),采用FS和SIM模式,分别在60 000和30 000 FWHM(m/z 200)分辨率下,获得NDMA及其内标NDMA-d6的精确碎片质量数等数据。仪器出色的分析性能与自动化检测、识别和定量工作流程相结合,为药品杂质分析提供了高效方法。
与食品类似,中药中挥发性的内源性化合物种类和数量庞多,且同样存在农药残留的风险。现有研究多数基于传统的GC、GC-MS方法,存在难以忽视的基质干扰以及仪器分辨率、灵敏度不足的问题。将GC-Orbitrap/MS技术引入中药研究领域,其快速、准确、可靠的定性定量能力可望带来突破。
Rivera-PÉvrez等[54]首次应用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪结合化学计量学,建立百里香的指纹图谱用于追溯其产地,并鉴定是否掺假。通过HRMS器采集的数据鉴定出百里香中萜类、烯基苯类等24个挥发性标志物,并利用主成分分析和层次聚类分析确定了相较于加工方式,地理来源对百里香指纹图谱影响占主导因素。Castro-Alves等[55]基于GC-Orbitrap/MS仪的非靶向代谢组学分析和感官特征分析,揭示莳萝代谢物特征和感官品质之间的关联。实验共鉴定出70个极性代谢物,并表明GC-Orbitrap/MS仪非靶向分析方法相较于传统的靶向MS方法,能提供更广泛的代谢物数据,可由此推断出随周围环境变化导致的植物代谢调控。Wang等[56]使用GC-Orbitrap/MS仪对菊花中352个农药残留进行定性和定量分析,并将该方法对市场上200份菊花样品进行验证性分析,证明GC-Orbitrap/MS法可同时在线分析大量化合物且结果准确,为中药材中农药残留的快速筛选和分析提供可行方法。
作为一种新型的GC-HRMS技术,GC-Orbitrap/MS相较于传统GC-MS具备许多优势,如受浓度因素影响小,动态范围宽,质量精度高,分辨率高,灵敏度高等,TraceFinder、Xcalibur、Compound Discoverer等数据分析处理软件的应用,为该技术提供了快速可靠识别样品中所有成分的能力,这使得GC-Orbitrap/MS法成为替代传统GC-MS法分析挥发性及半挥发性物质的更优解决方案。
虽然GC-Orbitrap/MS仪已经成功应用于食品和药物分析,但其发展仍面临着许多挑战,后续研究应多关注以下方面:(1)高分辨率标准数据库的建立。NIST数据库虽可辅助GC-Orbitrap/MS仪定性,但其数据质量精度较低,可能导致库匹配结果错误[40],亟需建立可共享的GC-Orbitrap/MS质谱库,结合相应软件以实现化合物的快速、批量和自动筛选[26]。(2)可变电子电压技术的应用。该技术兼具EI和CI优点,可以减少或消除不含有用结构信息的低质量离子,同时增加较高质量离子和/或分子离子信息,显著增强目标离子信号,利于结构解析。综合使用不同原理或电离能的离子源,可提高GC-Orbitrap/MS仪的应用范围。(3)样品前处理方式的选择、开发与优化。复杂基质前处理可进一步减少背景干扰与假阳性结果出现,对于半挥发或热不稳定分子的衍生化前处理则可进一步扩大分析范围。(4)二维GC仪与Orbitrap/MS仪串联分析极端复杂样品。二维GC仪与Orbitrap/MS仪串联可实现复杂样品中单体之间的基线分离,具有更高分离能力、分辨率、灵敏度与质量准确度。(5)GC-Orbitrap/MS仪在中药领域的应用。部分中药有特征气味,可作为其地理溯源、质量评价及标准化的评判标准。结合化学计量学的判别分析,可提供精准可靠的解决方案。在中药材、中药饮片与中药成方制剂的质量控制中引入该技术具有重要意义。(6)多种扫描模式的综合分析。虽然GC-Orbitrap/MS仪在FS模式下性能已满足痕量化合物的检测要求,但综合不同扫描模式可使得分析结果更佳。例如在分析极其复杂基质时,灵敏度下降可能因高浓度基质干扰成分与痕量目标物质共流出导致,选择SIM模式减少进入C-trap器的基质干扰物离子数量可有效得到改善。
综上所述,GC-Orbitrap/MS仪作为突破性的新型高分辨率气质联用技术,为食品、药品中超痕量未知化合物的高通量检测提供了可能。随着该技术的进一步发展,一定会为更多领域带来新的发现。
  • *国家重点研发计划中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-7-1)
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.01
  • 接收时间:2023-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27
基金
*国家重点研发计划中医药现代化专项(2023YFC3504100)
中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-7-1)
作者信息
    1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 100050
    2.深圳市人民医院(暨南大学第二临床医学院,南方科技大学第一附属医院)药学部,深圳518020
    3.赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司,北京 100013
    4.国家药典委员会,北京 100061

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**聂黎行 Tel:(010)67095424;E-mail:
马双成 Tel:(010)53852076;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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