Article(id=1240372079489504105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.04, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676995200000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773657348748, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773657348748, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773657348748, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657348748, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240372078617096528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='184', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773657348540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773657513974, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240372772564685718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1240372078617096528, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240372079732773739, articleId=1240372079489504105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Analysis of quality markers of Taxus media based on fingerprint and network pharmacology*, columnId=1239256891872833779, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysi, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To predict potential quality markers(Q-Marker) of Taxus media Rehd. based on fingerprint and network pharmacology methods, and establish an evaluation method of Taxus media Rehd. based on Q-Marker, as so to provide basis for the establishment of quality standard and quality evaluation system of Taxus media Rehd..

Methods:

Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column was used for separation, and the wavelength was 254 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.01% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The injection volume was 10 μL. The fingerprints of 24 batches of Taxus media Rehd. with 8 kinds of cultivation years were established and the common peaks were identified. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used for classification, orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen out the main marker components that cause differences between different years. Combined with network pharmacology, the core targets and key pathways were constructed a “component-target-pathway” network map through corresponding databases. Q-Markers were further verified and quality of Taxus media Rehd. comprehensively evaluated by HCA and PCA.

Results:

A total of 25 common peaks were obtained in the HPLC fingerprint of Taxus media Rehd., 18 compounds were identified, and their similarities were all above 0.900, including taxanes, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and phenols. The results of HCA showed that there were some differences among samples with different cultivation years. Eleven different markers were screened by OPLS-DA, and they were paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ (10-DAB), baccatin Ⅲ, cephalomannine, deacetyltaxol (10-DAT), ferulic acid, kaempferide, rutin, amentoflavone-4’, 4", 7-trimethyl ether, skyrin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Based on the difference markers, network pharmacology was applied to analyze them from the perspective of effectiveness. Paclitaxel, 10-DAB, bakatine Ⅲ, cephalomannine and 10-DAT were preliminstly predicted as Q-Markers of Taxus media Rehd.. They could regulate cancer pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signaling pathways by PIK3R1, AKT1, EGFR, HRAS and MAPK1 targets, and play the role of reducing swelling and menstruation diuresis clearing. The results of HCA verified the rationality of Q-Marker, and the comprehensive evaluation results of PCA showed that sample which was cultivated for ten years and harvested in spring bore the best quality.

Conclusion:

Paclitaxel, 10-DAB, bakatine Ⅲ, cephalomannine and 10-DAT are selected as Q-Markers based on fingerprint and network pharmacological methods. The quality of Taxus media Rehd. in different cultivation years is sorted comprehensively by combining with chemical recognition pattern method. The 10-year-old sample harvested in spring gets the highest score and the quality is good. The study provides new method for establishing of quality standard and the quality evaluation of Taxus media Rehd..

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目的:

基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法,对曼地亚红豆杉质量标志物(Q-Marker)进行预测,建立基于Q-Marker的曼地亚红豆杉药材评价方法。

方法:

采用Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP 18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样体积10 μL,建立8个年限24批曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱并标定共有峰,采用层次聚类分析(hierarchical clustering analysis,HCA)进行分类评价,借助正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)筛选不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的主要差异性标志物;结合网络药理学,通过相应数据库筛选差异性标志物的核心靶点和关键通路,构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,以此预测曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker;采用HCA及主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)进一步验证曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,综合评价其质量。

结果:

建立了24批曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱,标定了25个共有峰,指认出18个化合物,包括紫杉烷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、甾体类、酚类,相似度均>0.900;HCA的结果显示不同年限曼地亚红豆杉存在一定的差异性;经OPLS-DA筛选出11个差异性标志物,分别为紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-去乙酰紫杉醇(10-DAT)、阿魏酸、山柰素、芦丁、金松双黄酮、穗花杉双黄酮、对羟基苯甲醛;基于差异性标志物,运用网络药理学从有效性角度对其进行分析,初步预测紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,主要通过作用于PIK3R1、AKT1、EGFR、HRAS、MAPK1等14个核心靶点,调控癌症通路、AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用等信号通路,发挥消肿散结、通经利尿的功效;HCA结果验证了预测的Q-Marker的合理性,PCA综合评价结果表明十年生春季采收的曼地亚红豆杉质量较佳。

结论:

基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法筛选出紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,结合化学识别模式方法对不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量进行综合排序,其中十年生春季采收的得分最高,质量较好,为曼地亚红豆杉的质量标准的研究及资源评价提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=张振凌, 王胜超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**张振凌 Tel:(0371)65680970;E-mail:
王胜超 Tel:13783495211;E-mail:
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Tel: 15639059683;E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376130964869240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=图10, caption=曼地亚红豆杉“成分-靶点-通路”网络图, figureFileSmall=NhyW/cnxQQIh0Y6LckNmlw==, figureFileBig=dlaSSy7zSZXdbUttzXlKKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376131040366714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=EN, label=Fig 11, caption=HCA tree view of 12 batches of samples each after Q-Markers prediction in spring (A) and in autumn (B), figureFileSmall=HLeeWe2zZ4j9DQhVZ3dfdA==, figureFileBig=kmGT/gvEUcVrdLuQy0bBWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376131115864188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=图11, caption=春季(A)和秋季(B)各12批样品预测Q-Marker后的HCA树状图, figureFileSmall=HLeeWe2zZ4j9DQhVZ3dfdA==, figureFileBig=kmGT/gvEUcVrdLuQy0bBWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376131187167360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=PCA score plot of five Q-Markers, figureFileSmall=q6VdDWO4cQMSeDfAB1wS4g==, figureFileBig=5jKId/NIYDlrzt1zqDgavQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376131250081923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=图12, caption=5个Q-Marker的PCA得分图, figureFileSmall=q6VdDWO4cQMSeDfAB1wS4g==, figureFileBig=5jKId/NIYDlrzt1zqDgavQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240376131333968007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Information of 24 batches of T. media Rehd. in different years

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样品编号
(sample No.)
年限
(year)
采集时间
(harvest period)
S1~S3三年生(triennial)2022-03-18
S4~S6五年生(five-year plant)2022-09-19
S7~S9六年生(six-year plant)2022-03-18
S10~S12七年生(seven-year plant)2022-09-19
S13~S15八年生(eight-year plant)2022-09-19
S16~S18十五年生(fifteen-year plant)2022-09-19
S19~S21十八年生(eighteen-year plant)2022-03-18
S22~S24十年生(decennial)2022-03-18
), ArticleFig(id=1240376131447214218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

24批曼地亚红豆杉不同年限的信息

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样品编号
(sample No.)
年限
(year)
采集时间
(harvest period)
S1~S3三年生(triennial)2022-03-18
S4~S6五年生(five-year plant)2022-09-19
S7~S9六年生(six-year plant)2022-03-18
S10~S12七年生(seven-year plant)2022-09-19
S13~S15八年生(eight-year plant)2022-09-19
S16~S18十五年生(fifteen-year plant)2022-09-19
S19~S21十八年生(eighteen-year plant)2022-03-18
S22~S24十年生(decennial)2022-03-18
), ArticleFig(id=1240376131539488910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Topological properties of target network

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靶点
(target)
名称
(definition)
度值
(degree)
介数中心性
(betweenness centrality)
接近中心性
(closeness centrality)
SRC酪氨酸蛋白激酶(tyrosine-protein kinase SRC)170.055 60.518 1
MAPK1丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases 1)200.063 50.573 3
TP53肿瘤抗原p53(tumor antigen p53)100.016 80.452 6
PIK3R1磷酸肌苷-3-激酶调控亚基1(phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1)270.162 30.704 9
HSP90AA1热休克蛋白hsp90-α(heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha)110.016 60.452 6
HRAS原癌基因(HRAS proto-oncogene)200.062 90.573 3
AKT1蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B)210.085 40.589 0
GRB2生长因子受体结合蛋白2(growth factor receptor binding protein 2)150.028 00.494 3
STAT3信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)120.026 70.472 5
EGFR表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor)200.083 10.573 3
FYN酪氨酸激酶(anti-phospho-FYN)20.000 90.361 3
CTNNB1钙黏蛋白相关蛋白(cadherin-associated protein beta 1)50.004 80.401 9
RELA转录因子p65(transcription factor p65)140.039 10.494 3
RXRA视黄酸受体(retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha)80.006 50.417 5
), ArticleFig(id=1240376131682095252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

靶点网络的拓扑学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶点
(target)
名称
(definition)
度值
(degree)
介数中心性
(betweenness centrality)
接近中心性
(closeness centrality)
SRC酪氨酸蛋白激酶(tyrosine-protein kinase SRC)170.055 60.518 1
MAPK1丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases 1)200.063 50.573 3
TP53肿瘤抗原p53(tumor antigen p53)100.016 80.452 6
PIK3R1磷酸肌苷-3-激酶调控亚基1(phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1)270.162 30.704 9
HSP90AA1热休克蛋白hsp90-α(heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha)110.016 60.452 6
HRAS原癌基因(HRAS proto-oncogene)200.062 90.573 3
AKT1蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B)210.085 40.589 0
GRB2生长因子受体结合蛋白2(growth factor receptor binding protein 2)150.028 00.494 3
STAT3信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)120.026 70.472 5
EGFR表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor)200.083 10.573 3
FYN酪氨酸激酶(anti-phospho-FYN)20.000 90.361 3
CTNNB1钙黏蛋白相关蛋白(cadherin-associated protein beta 1)50.004 80.401 9
RELA转录因子p65(transcription factor p65)140.039 10.494 3
RXRA视黄酸受体(retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha)80.006 50.417 5
), ArticleFig(id=1240376131765981332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Pathway enrichment analysis of core targets

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类别
(category)
代谢通路
(metabolic pathway)
数目(number)/个(count)PFDR
hsa01100代谢通路(metabolic pathways)1711.31×10-201.97×10-18
hsa05200癌症通路(pathways in cancer)859.2×10-196.9×10-17
hsa04933AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用(AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications)331.95×10-169.74×10-15
hsa05417脂质与动脉粥样硬化(lipid and atherosclerosis)472.07×10-157.75×10-14
hsa05215前列腺癌(prostate cancer)304.34×10-141.3×10-12
hsa05418流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化(fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis)351.85×10-134.63×10-12
hsa05207化学致癌-受体激活(chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation)422.55×10-125.47×10-11
hsa05208化学致癌-活性氧(chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species)433.41×10-126.4×10-11
hsa05205癌症中的蛋白多糖(proteoglycans in cancer)401.53×10-112.55×10-10
hsa01521EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性(EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance)243.61×10-115.41×10-10
hsa00910氮代谢(nitrogen metabolism)121.69×10-102.31×10-9
hsa04066HIF-1信号通路(HIF-1 signaling pathway)272.54×10-103.18×10-9
hsa04071鞘脂信号通路(sphingolipid signaling pathway)283.86×10-104.45×10-9
hsa04151PI3K-Akt信号通路(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)525.01×10-105.37×10-9
hsa04931胰岛素耐受性(insulin resistance)261.12×10-91.12×10-8
hsa04014Ras信号通路(ras signaling pathway)401.21×10-91.13×10-8
hsa05161乙型肝炎(hepatitis B)321.74×10-91.47×10-8
hsa05223非小细胞性肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer)211.76×10-91.47×10-8
hsa04370VEGF信号通路(VEGF signaling pathway)192.19×10-91.73×10-8
hsa04068FoxO信号通路(FoxO signaling pathway)283.72×10-92.79×10-8
), ArticleFig(id=1240376131870838936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主要核心靶点的通路富集分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别
(category)
代谢通路
(metabolic pathway)
数目(number)/个(count)PFDR
hsa01100代谢通路(metabolic pathways)1711.31×10-201.97×10-18
hsa05200癌症通路(pathways in cancer)859.2×10-196.9×10-17
hsa04933AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用(AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications)331.95×10-169.74×10-15
hsa05417脂质与动脉粥样硬化(lipid and atherosclerosis)472.07×10-157.75×10-14
hsa05215前列腺癌(prostate cancer)304.34×10-141.3×10-12
hsa05418流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化(fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis)351.85×10-134.63×10-12
hsa05207化学致癌-受体激活(chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation)422.55×10-125.47×10-11
hsa05208化学致癌-活性氧(chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species)433.41×10-126.4×10-11
hsa05205癌症中的蛋白多糖(proteoglycans in cancer)401.53×10-112.55×10-10
hsa01521EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性(EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance)243.61×10-115.41×10-10
hsa00910氮代谢(nitrogen metabolism)121.69×10-102.31×10-9
hsa04066HIF-1信号通路(HIF-1 signaling pathway)272.54×10-103.18×10-9
hsa04071鞘脂信号通路(sphingolipid signaling pathway)283.86×10-104.45×10-9
hsa04151PI3K-Akt信号通路(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)525.01×10-105.37×10-9
hsa04931胰岛素耐受性(insulin resistance)261.12×10-91.12×10-8
hsa04014Ras信号通路(ras signaling pathway)401.21×10-91.13×10-8
hsa05161乙型肝炎(hepatitis B)321.74×10-91.47×10-8
hsa05223非小细胞性肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer)211.76×10-91.47×10-8
hsa04370VEGF信号通路(VEGF signaling pathway)192.19×10-91.73×10-8
hsa04068FoxO信号通路(FoxO signaling pathway)283.72×10-92.79×10-8
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Characteristic value and variance contribution rate

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成分
(component)
初始特征值(initial eigenvalue)提取平方和载入(extract sum of squares loading)
特征值
(characteristic value)
方差贡献率
(variance contribution rate)/%
累积方差贡献率
(cumulative variance contribution rate)/%
特征值
(characteristic value)
方差贡献率
(variance contribution rate)/%
累积方差贡献率
(cumulative variance contribution rate)/%
FAC11.7635.20135.2011.7635.20135.201
FAC21.28825.76460.9651.28825.76460.965
FAC31.10922.18183.1471.10922.18183.147
FAC40.57111.42394.57
FAC50.2725.43100
), ArticleFig(id=1240376132017639579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

特征值和方差贡献率

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成分
(component)
初始特征值(initial eigenvalue)提取平方和载入(extract sum of squares loading)
特征值
(characteristic value)
方差贡献率
(variance contribution rate)/%
累积方差贡献率
(cumulative variance contribution rate)/%
特征值
(characteristic value)
方差贡献率
(variance contribution rate)/%
累积方差贡献率
(cumulative variance contribution rate)/%
FAC11.7635.20135.2011.7635.20135.201
FAC21.28825.76460.9651.28825.76460.965
FAC31.10922.18183.1471.10922.18183.147
FAC40.57111.42394.57
FAC50.2725.43100
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Comprehensive score and ranking of PCA of T. media Rehd. in different years

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采收期(harvesting time)采收季节(harvesting season)F1F2F3F排名(ranking)
十年(ten years)春(spring)1.0031.6052.1511.2441
六年(six years)春(spring)0.6121.1732.3301.0352
十八年(eighteen years)春(spring)0.5221.2462.1010.9713
三年(three years)春(spring)0.2221.1591.9640.8124
十五年(fifteen years)秋(autumn)0.0191.0382.0070.7195
八年(eight years)秋(autumn)0.0320.8872.1120.7086
七年(seven years)秋(autumn)0.1901.0151.7100.7087
五年(five years)秋(autumn)0.0660.7211.7180.5908
), ArticleFig(id=1240376132206383264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1240372079489504105, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同年限曼地亚红豆杉主成分综合得分及排序

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采收期(harvesting time)采收季节(harvesting season)F1F2F3F排名(ranking)
十年(ten years)春(spring)1.0031.6052.1511.2441
六年(six years)春(spring)0.6121.1732.3301.0352
十八年(eighteen years)春(spring)0.5221.2462.1010.9713
三年(three years)春(spring)0.2221.1591.9640.8124
十五年(fifteen years)秋(autumn)0.0191.0382.0070.7195
八年(eight years)秋(autumn)0.0320.8872.1120.7086
七年(seven years)秋(autumn)0.1901.0151.7100.7087
五年(five years)秋(autumn)0.0660.7211.7180.5908
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基于指纹图谱和网络药理学对曼地亚红豆杉质量标志物的分析研究*
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李雅静 1, 2 , 张振凌 1, 2, 3, 4, ** , 王胜超 1, 2, ** , 朱建光 1, 2 , 王瑞生 1, 2 , 李宝卿 5 , 赵永琪 1, 2 , 孙梦梅 1, 2
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(1): 35-50
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(1): 35-50
基于指纹图谱和网络药理学对曼地亚红豆杉质量标志物的分析研究*
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李雅静1, 2 , 张振凌1, 2, 3, 4, ** , 王胜超1, 2, ** , 朱建光1, 2, 王瑞生1, 2, 李宝卿5, 赵永琪1, 2, 孙梦梅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学 药学院,郑州 450046
  • 2.河南省中药特色炮制技术工程研究中心,郑州 450046
  • 3.呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心,郑州 450046
  • 4.河南省中药饮片炮制中医药重点实验室,郑州 450046
  • 5.河南省景春堂药业有限公司,许昌 461000
  • Tel: 15639059683;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**张振凌 Tel:(0371)65680970;E-mail:
王胜超 Tel:13783495211;E-mail:
Analysis of quality markers of Taxus media based on fingerprint and network pharmacology*
Ya-jing LI1, 2 , Zhen-ling ZHANG1, 2, 3, 4, ** , Sheng-chao WANG1, 2, ** , Jian-guang ZHU1, 2, Rui-sheng WANG1, 2, Bao-qing LI5, Yong-qi ZHAO1, 2, Meng-mei SUN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2.Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3.Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 4.Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Decoction Processing, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 5.Henan Jing Chun-Tang Pharmaceutical Industry Company Limited, Xuchang 461000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.04
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目的:

基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法,对曼地亚红豆杉质量标志物(Q-Marker)进行预测,建立基于Q-Marker的曼地亚红豆杉药材评价方法。

方法:

采用Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP 18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样体积10 μL,建立8个年限24批曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱并标定共有峰,采用层次聚类分析(hierarchical clustering analysis,HCA)进行分类评价,借助正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)筛选不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的主要差异性标志物;结合网络药理学,通过相应数据库筛选差异性标志物的核心靶点和关键通路,构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,以此预测曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker;采用HCA及主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)进一步验证曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,综合评价其质量。

结果:

建立了24批曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱,标定了25个共有峰,指认出18个化合物,包括紫杉烷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、甾体类、酚类,相似度均>0.900;HCA的结果显示不同年限曼地亚红豆杉存在一定的差异性;经OPLS-DA筛选出11个差异性标志物,分别为紫杉醇、10-脱乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-去乙酰紫杉醇(10-DAT)、阿魏酸、山柰素、芦丁、金松双黄酮、穗花杉双黄酮、对羟基苯甲醛;基于差异性标志物,运用网络药理学从有效性角度对其进行分析,初步预测紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,主要通过作用于PIK3R1、AKT1、EGFR、HRAS、MAPK1等14个核心靶点,调控癌症通路、AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用等信号通路,发挥消肿散结、通经利尿的功效;HCA结果验证了预测的Q-Marker的合理性,PCA综合评价结果表明十年生春季采收的曼地亚红豆杉质量较佳。

结论:

基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法筛选出紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,结合化学识别模式方法对不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量进行综合排序,其中十年生春季采收的得分最高,质量较好,为曼地亚红豆杉的质量标准的研究及资源评价提供了新思路。

曼地亚红豆杉  /  指纹图谱  /  网络药理学  /  化学识别模式  /  紫杉醇  /  10-脱乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ  /  巴卡亭Ⅲ  /  三尖杉宁碱  /  10-去乙酰紫杉醇  /  质量标志物  /  质量评价
Objective:

To predict potential quality markers(Q-Marker) of Taxus media Rehd. based on fingerprint and network pharmacology methods, and establish an evaluation method of Taxus media Rehd. based on Q-Marker, as so to provide basis for the establishment of quality standard and quality evaluation system of Taxus media Rehd..

Methods:

Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column was used for separation, and the wavelength was 254 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.01% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The injection volume was 10 μL. The fingerprints of 24 batches of Taxus media Rehd. with 8 kinds of cultivation years were established and the common peaks were identified. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was used for classification, orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen out the main marker components that cause differences between different years. Combined with network pharmacology, the core targets and key pathways were constructed a “component-target-pathway” network map through corresponding databases. Q-Markers were further verified and quality of Taxus media Rehd. comprehensively evaluated by HCA and PCA.

Results:

A total of 25 common peaks were obtained in the HPLC fingerprint of Taxus media Rehd., 18 compounds were identified, and their similarities were all above 0.900, including taxanes, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and phenols. The results of HCA showed that there were some differences among samples with different cultivation years. Eleven different markers were screened by OPLS-DA, and they were paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ (10-DAB), baccatin Ⅲ, cephalomannine, deacetyltaxol (10-DAT), ferulic acid, kaempferide, rutin, amentoflavone-4’, 4", 7-trimethyl ether, skyrin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Based on the difference markers, network pharmacology was applied to analyze them from the perspective of effectiveness. Paclitaxel, 10-DAB, bakatine Ⅲ, cephalomannine and 10-DAT were preliminstly predicted as Q-Markers of Taxus media Rehd.. They could regulate cancer pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and other signaling pathways by PIK3R1, AKT1, EGFR, HRAS and MAPK1 targets, and play the role of reducing swelling and menstruation diuresis clearing. The results of HCA verified the rationality of Q-Marker, and the comprehensive evaluation results of PCA showed that sample which was cultivated for ten years and harvested in spring bore the best quality.

Conclusion:

Paclitaxel, 10-DAB, bakatine Ⅲ, cephalomannine and 10-DAT are selected as Q-Markers based on fingerprint and network pharmacological methods. The quality of Taxus media Rehd. in different cultivation years is sorted comprehensively by combining with chemical recognition pattern method. The 10-year-old sample harvested in spring gets the highest score and the quality is good. The study provides new method for establishing of quality standard and the quality evaluation of Taxus media Rehd..

Taxus media Rehd.  /  fingerprint  /  network pharmacology  /  chemical recognition pattern  /  paclitaxel  /  10-DAB  /  bakatine Ⅲ  /  cephalomannine  /  10-DAT  /  quality marker  /  quality evaluation
李雅静, 张振凌, 王胜超, 朱建光, 王瑞生, 李宝卿, 赵永琪, 孙梦梅. 基于指纹图谱和网络药理学对曼地亚红豆杉质量标志物的分析研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (1) : 35 -50 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.04
Ya-jing LI, Zhen-ling ZHANG, Sheng-chao WANG, Jian-guang ZHU, Rui-sheng WANG, Bao-qing LI, Yong-qi ZHAO, Meng-mei SUN. Analysis of quality markers of Taxus media based on fingerprint and network pharmacology*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (1) : 35 -50 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.04
曼地亚红豆杉(Taxus media Rehd.)属于红豆杉科红豆杉属植物,由欧洲红豆杉(T. baccata L.)与东北红豆杉(T. cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.)天然杂交而成,紫杉醇含量相对较高,是提取紫杉醇的最佳药用植物资源[1]。现代研究表明,曼地亚红豆杉主要成分包括紫杉烷类[2]、黄酮类[3]、挥发油类[4]、酚类和甾体类[5]等,具有抗肿瘤[6]、降血糖[7]、抑菌[8]、抗氧化[9]等方面的药理作用。我国的红豆杉储量占全球储量的一半以上[10],主要分布在长江以南流域,以及东北、华中、华南等地区,资源优势品种主要以曼地亚红豆杉和南方红豆杉(T. mairei (Lemee et Levl.) S.Y. Hu ex Liu)为主,研究重点依然是在其抗肿瘤的紫杉烷类化合物,但大多以南方红豆杉为主[11-12]。目前有关红豆杉的质量标准研究较少,地方药材标准可见紫杉[13]、喜马拉雅红豆杉[14]、南方红豆杉[15-17]收录,其采收加工炮制方法、质量控制标准尚不完善且不统一,多以10-DAB为单一质量评价指标,标准收录的红豆杉来源多以本地资源优势品种为主,存在地域性差异,阻碍了红豆杉优势药用资源的开发及临床的广泛应用,其质量评价体系亟待完善。
刘昌孝[18]在2016年提出了“中药质量标志物(Q-Marker)”的概念和研究理念,与中药有效性-物质基础-质量控制-标志性成分相关联[19],为中药质量控制研究指明了新的思路。中药指纹图谱对于更加客观地从整体上评价中药的内在质量具有重要的意义[20],可用于药材、饮片以及中药制剂产品质量的整体性评价。网络药理学研究契合中药多成分、多靶点的复杂药效学特点,可以揭示中药对机体的系统药理学作用[21],是发现中药Q-Marker的有效途经。因此,本研究建立不同采收年限曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱,明确曼地亚红豆杉中的特征性成分,结合化学识别模式方法,初步筛选差异性标志物,并结合网络药理学预测曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,采用主成分分析和聚类分析校验预测曼地亚红豆杉Q-Marker能否评价不同采收年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量,从而指导建立科学的曼地亚红豆杉药材质量标准,为提高曼地亚红豆杉药材和饮片质量控制提供参考。
Waters 2424型高效液相色谱仪(上海沃特世科技有限公司);KQ-500DV型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);UPT-Ⅱ-10T型超纯水器(成都现超纯科技有限公司);BSA224S-CW型万分之一电子天平、BT25S型十万分之一电子天平(北京赛多利斯天平有限公司)。
对照品对羟基苯甲醛(批号Y02J7C15574)、阿魏酸(批号G13S11L124423)、芦丁(批号M09HB177693)、10-DAB(批号H11S9X70008)、巴卡亭Ⅲ(批号H19J10X93344)、槲皮素(批号C28J11Y116820)、芹菜素(批号M29GB150104)、10-DAT(批号H22M10X88906)、三尖杉宁碱(批号J09J12T136339)、紫杉醇(批号J04S11H123510)、山柰素(批号F11A11X108412)、7-表紫杉醇(批号H07A8D41177)、银杏双黄酮(批号AF22032002)、金松双黄酮(批号P20N10F103774)、穗花杉双黄酮(批号G01D11L132895)、紫杉碱M(批号J106HB187406)均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司,纯度均≥98.0%;儿茶素(批号F1960049)和β-蜕皮甾酮(批号2S000094)购自成都普思生物科技股份有限公司,纯度均≥98.0%。甲醇、乙腈购自安徽天地高纯溶剂有限公司,均为色谱纯;其余试剂均为分析纯;三氟乙酸(上海市麦克林生化科技有限公司,纯度≥99.5%)、甲酸(天津市大茂化学试剂厂,纯度≥88.0%)、乙酸(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司,纯度≥99.8%)和磷酸(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司,纯度≥99.8%),水为超纯水。
曼地亚红豆杉药材购自平顶山市致元生物科技有限公司,经河南中医药大学张振凌教授鉴定为红豆杉科红豆杉属植物曼地亚红豆杉(T. media Rehd.)的干燥细枝及叶,见表1
采用Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~20 min,5% A→12% A;20~40 min,12% A→22% A;40~55 min,22% A→30% A;55~70 min,30% A→52% A;70~85 min,52% A→56% A;85~95 min,56% A→70% A;95~105 min,70% A→100% A;105~110 min,100% A→5% A),流速1 mL min-1,柱温30 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进样量10 μL。
取曼地亚红豆杉粉末1.0 g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,加甲醇50 mL超声(功率500 W,频率50 kHz)处理2次,每次30 min,滤过,合并滤液,水浴蒸干,残渣加甲醇溶解并转移至10 mL量瓶中,加甲醇至刻度,摇匀,用0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得。
分别精密称取儿茶素、对羟基苯甲醛、β-蜕皮甾酮、阿魏酸、芦丁、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、槲皮素、芹菜素、10-DAT、三尖杉宁碱、紫杉醇、山柰素、7-表紫杉醇、银杏双黄酮、金松双黄酮、穗花杉双黄酮、紫杉碱M的对照品适量,加甲醇制成质量浓度分别为0.27、0.33、0.60、0.30、0.22、0.24、0.21、0.23、0.49、0.27、0.18、0.21、0.55、0.26、0.40、0.20、0.27,0.25 mg·min-1的混合对照品溶液。
在供试品溶液色谱峰中,以24号色谱峰(金松双黄酮),峰形较佳,分离度较好,峰面积稳定,因此选为参照峰,以计算其余峰的相对峰面积和相对保留时间。
取S24号曼地亚红豆杉药材,按照“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,在“2.1”项色谱条件下连续进样6次,结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD<0.32%,相对峰面积的RSD<2.9%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取S24号曼地亚红豆杉药材,按照“2.2”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,在“2.1”项色谱条件下进行测定,结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD<0.12%,相对峰面积的RSD<2.7%,表明该方法重复性良好。
取同1份曼地亚红豆杉药材(S24号),按照“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,分别在溶液制备后0、2、4、8、12、24 h,在“2.1”项色谱条件下进行测定,结果各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD<0.28%,相对峰面积的RSD<2.7%,表明曼地亚红豆杉供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
取24批曼地亚红豆杉药材,分别按照“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项色谱条件下依次进样测定,并记录色谱图。将24批曼地亚红豆杉药材的色谱图导入“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)”以S24号样品色谱图为参照图谱,时间窗宽度0.10 min,采用中位数法,进行多点校正和色谱峰匹配,得到25个共有峰,生成24批曼地亚红豆杉药材叠加HPLC色谱图(图1)和曼地亚红豆杉药材对照图谱R(图2)。
通过对照品的保留时间,对曼地亚红豆杉样品的指纹图谱共有峰进行指认(图3),初步确认了18个化合物,其中6个紫杉烷类[10-DAB(峰9)、巴卡亭Ⅲ(峰10)、10-DAT(峰13)、三尖杉宁碱(峰15)、7-表紫杉醇(峰21)、紫杉醇(峰16)]、7个黄酮类[芦丁(峰6)、槲皮素(峰11)、芹菜素(峰12)、穗花杉双黄酮(峰14)、山柰素(峰20)、银杏双黄酮(峰22)、金松双黄酮(峰24)]、3个酚类[儿茶素(峰2)、对羟基苯甲醛(峰3)、阿魏酸(峰5)]、1个生物碱类[紫杉碱M(峰23)]、1个甾体类[β-蜕皮甾酮(峰4)]。采用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)”软件对24批曼地亚红豆杉药材样品的指纹图谱相似度进行计算,结果曼地亚红豆杉的相似度在0.927~0.987范围内。
运用SPSS 21.0统计分析软件,采用组间联接法,以平方欧氏距离为度量标准进行系统HCA,见图4。结果表明,当平方欧式距离为5时,24批曼地亚红豆杉药材聚为8类,其中S1~S3(三年春)一类、S4~S6(五年秋)和S10(七年秋)一类、S7~S9(六年春)一类、S11~S12(七年秋)一类、S13~S15(八年秋)一类、S16~S18(十五年秋)一类、S19~S21(十八年春)、S24(十年春)为一类,S22~S23(十年春)一类。结果表明,不同采收年限的曼地亚红豆杉具有一定的差异性。
为了更好地观察不同年限间的差异性,本研究采用有监督模式的OPLS-DA进行组间分析,运用SIMCA 14.1软件,进行分析处理,结果见图5。模型解释参数R2X为0.953,R2Y为0.915,Q2为0.816,均>0.5,说明建模稳定且预测能力强。
为了进一步确定引起不同采收年限曼地亚红豆杉的差异性标志物,采用变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection,VIP)对数据矩阵分析,结果见图6,VIP>1的变量为组间样本的主要差异变量,且VIP值越大,表明该成分对组间差异的贡献越大,VIP>1的色谱峰依次为14号峰(穗花杉双黄酮)、10号峰(巴卡亭Ⅲ)、25号峰(未知化合物)、20号峰(山柰素)、6号峰(芦丁)、9号峰(10-DAB)、24号峰(金松双黄酮)、13号峰(10-DAT)、4号峰(对羟基苯甲醛)、1号峰(未知化合物)、16号峰(紫杉醇)、15号峰(三尖杉宁碱)、5号峰(阿魏酸)。上述化合物在区分不同年限曼地亚红豆杉药材中起重要作用,是引起8个年限差异的主要标志性化合物。
通过Pub Chem(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)数据库、Swiss Target Prediction数据库(http://new.swisstargetprediction.ch/)、Pharm Mapper数据库(http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/pharmmapper/index.php)及UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/),检索得到紫杉醇、巴卡亭Ⅲ、10-DAB、10-DAT、三尖杉宁碱、穗花杉双黄酮、山柰素、芦丁、金松双黄酮、对羟基苯甲醛和阿魏酸11个候选差异性标志物的靶点,剔除重复靶点,共得到544个靶点。
将上述筛选得到的544个靶点导入STRING数据库(http://string-db.org/cgi/input.pl)进行蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络的构建。PPI网络中有105个节点,918条边,平均节点度为8.61,结果见图7。将PPI的分析结果以TSV文本格式导入“Cytoscape 3.9.0”软件中,并利用其中的“Network Analyzer”功能对分析结果进行拓扑属性分析,选取度值(degree)、介数中心性(betweenness centrality)和接近中心性(closeness centrality)3个拓扑参数均大于中位数的关键靶点,经筛选后共得到14个核心靶点,结果见表2
利用David 6.8数据库(https://David-d.ncifcrf.gov/home.jsp)对获得的544个作用靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)富集分析。选取智人(Homo sapiens)物种项,得到637个GO条目,其中439个生物过程(biological process,BP),显著富集在药物反应、对外来生物刺激反应、蛋白磷酸化等过程;67个细胞组成(cellular component,CC)显著富集在细胞溶质、质膜、核质等过程;131个分子功能(molecular function,MF)显著富集在蛋白质结合、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录因子活性等过程。分别设置P<0.05,错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR)<0.05,选取组分排名前10的BP、CC、MF条目,结果见图8
利用David 6.8数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)以P<0.05,FDR<0.05为筛选条件对获得的544个作用靶点进行基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。结果共得到187个条目,主要涉及癌症通路(pathways in cancer),AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用(AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications),脂质与动脉粥样硬化(lipid and atherosclerosis)等通路,结果见表3。选取排名前20的通路进行KEGG富集分析绘制气泡图,结果见图9
根据筛选得到11个差异性标志物,14个核心靶点,20条关键通路。运用“Cytoscape 3.9.0”软件构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,进行可视化分析,结果见图10。以成分、靶点、信号通路的连接度(Degree)为参考,连接度较多的成分有紫杉醇(Degree=9)、10-DAB(Degree=9)、巴卡亭Ⅲ(Degree=9)、三尖杉宁碱(Degree=9)、10-DAT(Degree=7),提示这些成分可能是曼地亚红豆杉发挥药效的活性物质;靶点PIK3R1(磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基α,Degree=27)、AKT1(蛋白激酶 B,Degree=21)、EGFR(表皮生长因子受体,Degree=20)、HRAS(原癌基因,Degree=20)、MAPK1(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1,Degree=20)、SRC(Degree=17)、GRB2(生长因子受体结合蛋白,Degree=15)的连接度较高,可能是曼地亚红豆杉发挥作用的关键靶点;癌症通路(Degree=11)、PI3K-Akt信号通路(Degree=10)、脂质与动脉粥样硬化(Degree=10)、前列腺癌(Degree=10)、癌症中的蛋白多糖(Degree=10)、非小细胞性肺癌(Degree=9)、乙型肝炎(Degree=9)信号通路的连接度较大,均可能是曼地亚红豆杉发挥作用的关键信号通路。
基于刘昌孝[18]提出的中药Q-Marker的“五原则”,对筛选出的11个差异性标志物进行分析。紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱,10-DAT度值较高,且为特异性成分,可作为曼地亚红豆杉潜在的Q-Marker;而金松双黄酮、穗花杉双黄酮、阿魏酸、芦丁、山柰素、对羟基苯甲醛在自然界中普遍存在,针对曼地亚红豆杉而言特异性不强,且度值低于平均值,故不能作为辨别药材质量的标志性成分。
曼地亚红豆杉含有紫杉烷类、黄酮类、挥发油类、酚类和甾体类等成分,具有消肿散结、通经利尿的功效,临床上主要用于抗肿瘤、降血糖等疾病的治疗。运用网络药理学从有效性角度分析发现11个差异性标志物通过调控PIK3R1、AKT1、EGFR、HRAS、MAPK1、SRC、GRB2等14个核心靶点,作用于癌症通路、AGE-RAGE信号在糖尿病并发症中的作用等信号通路与消肿散结、通经利尿的功效有关。其中10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱,10-DAT是合成紫杉醇的重要原料[2,22],被公认为当今世界药物领域中活性最强的广谱抗癌活性物质[23]。紫杉醇可上调Fox O3a蛋白表达,下调p-Akt、p53、p21蛋白表达[24],可抑制死亡结构域沉默子(SODD)及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,激活凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3[25],减少肝组织中IL-6和TGF-β1表达,诱导失衡的Th17/Treg平衡向Treg偏移[26],进而使癌细胞凋亡达到抗肿瘤的效果。PIK3R1可抑制p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR表达影响[27],与细胞增殖、侵袭能力增加和细胞凋亡减少有关[28]。AKT1主要定位在小鼠的海马区神经元中[29],参与ERK1/2信号通路级联反应,通过调节促炎介质、氧化损伤和神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)等阻碍神经退行性疾病进程[30];EGFR与配体的结合导致下游通路Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK/MAPK、PI3K/PKB和JAK/STAT磷酸化,参与调节肿瘤发生与转移的多个环节,是肺腺癌中主要的驱动基因及治疗靶点[31];HRAS基因突变会诱导其编码的H-Ras蛋白处于持续激活状态,导致细胞增殖失控,进而形成肿瘤[32];MAPK1可抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞周期进程,其作用机制可能与ERK/m TOR信号通路有关[33];SRC可激活MAPK、STAT、PI3K/AKT、EGFR等多条信号通路,在肿瘤的发生和发展中具有很强的细胞转化能力,并促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移及诱导血管形成等[34]。GRB2是黏着斑的重要组成部分,通过活化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/核因子-κB通路进而可以引起炎症浸润[35],在胃癌、食道癌、胰腺癌中参与癌细胞的转移和调控[36]。由此可知,网络药理学预测结果与文献报道一致,说明该研究方法具有一定的准确性和可取性,可为开展曼地亚红豆杉的作用机制研究提供支撑。
为了更直接评价5个Q-Marker对样品的分辨能力,根据采收季节的不同,将3月份采收的分为春季,9月份采收的分为秋季,将春季和秋季各12批曼地亚红豆杉药材5个Q-Marker的峰面积经过标准化处理后作为变量,导入SPSS 21.0软件,进一步验证紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉Q-Marker的合理性,结果见图11。当平方欧式距离为5时,春季分为4类:S1~S3号样品(三年春)一类,S7~S9号样品(六年春)一类,S19~S21号样品(十八年春),S24号样品(十年春)一类,S22~S23号样品(十年春)一类;秋季分为4类:S4~S6号样品(五年秋),S10号样品(七年秋)一类,S11~S12号样品(七年秋)一类,S13~S15号样品(八年秋)一类,S16~S18号样品(十五年秋)一类。经5个Q-Marker结果筛选出的数据进行聚类分析和“2.7.1”项HCA结果一致。进一步证明了5个Q-Marker可代表曼地亚红豆杉的质量用于区分不同的采收年限。
按照每个年限的均值将5个Q-Marker的峰面积经过标准化处理后作为变量,导入SPSS 21.0软件,评价不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量。运用PCA,以特征值>1为提取标准,设置“显示因子得分系数矩阵FAC”。结果共提取3个主成分,分别为FAC 1、FAC 2和FAC 3,其累计方差贡献率>80%,说明这3个主成分预测了5个Q-Marker合计83.147%的信息量,可以作为不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的评价指标,具体特征值和方差贡献率见表4。以3个主成分的特征值占累加特征值的百分比为权重进行线性组合,计算每个年限的3个主成分因子得分及综合得分,对8个年限的曼地亚红豆杉进行综合评价。
FiWi×Xi(i为1、2、3、4、5),Wi为各个因子所占的权重:F1=0.432X1-0.505X2-0.410X3+0.623X4-0.005X5F2=0.357X1-0.414X2+0.329X3-0.360X4-0.580X5F3=0.554X1+0.081X2+0.651X3+0.105X4-0.501X5F=0.352F1+0.258F2+0.222F3,综合主成分评价结果见表5F值越大说明曼地亚红豆杉的综合质量较好,8个年限曼地亚红豆杉的综合得分由大到小的顺序为十年春(S22~S24号样品)、六年春(S7~S9号样品)、十八年春(S19~S21号样品)、三年春(S1~S3号样品)、十五年秋(S16~S18号样品)、八年秋(S13~S15号样品)、七年秋(S7~S9号样品)、五年秋(S4~S6号样品)。结果表明,以筛选的5个Q-Marker作为评价指标,6年以上春季采收的得分较高,即品质较优。为进一步分析不同年限曼地亚红豆杉中的质量,将5个Q-Marker的峰面积导入SIMCA 14.1软件绘制PCA得分图,见图12。8个年限的曼地亚红豆杉被分为7类,其中6年以上春季采收的曼地亚红豆杉综合得分整体较好,说明采收期及年限在质量上均存在一定的差异,可能与代谢及枝叶的生长发育特性有关[37],提示季节与年限对化学成分的蓄积程度有明显的相关性。
红豆杉,又称紫杉,是珍稀天然抗癌植物。中医古籍早有记载,见于《本草纲目》[38]、《本草推陈》[39]等。中医临床常将红豆杉的枝和叶作为饮片配伍其他中药使用,多用于肿瘤的治疗,效果显著。当前红豆杉的药用来源主要有3种,南方红豆杉(T. mairei (Lemee et Levl.) S.Y. Hu ex Liu.)、东北红豆杉(T. cuspidate Sieb.et Zucc.)、喜马拉雅红豆杉(T. wallichiana Zucc.),近年来,红豆杉中紫杉醇抗癌效果奇特,广州、安徽、江苏、上海等地方标准陆续收录南方红豆杉药用。但南方红豆杉、东北红豆杉,喜马拉雅红豆杉野生资源稀少、生长缓慢,资源有限,且属于濒危品种,其药材来源阻碍了红豆杉的发展。曼地亚红豆杉紫杉醇含量高,适应性强,已有规模化的种植,保守估计,其资源蕴藏量居首,但缺乏标准收录,其质量评价标准亟待完善。
曼地亚红豆杉的栽培变种较多[40],化学成分类型多样,化学性质差异性大,而中药指纹图谱是目前全面反映中药及中药复方内在质量的有效手段[41]。因此本研究建立曼地亚红豆杉药材指纹图谱的方法,结合网络药理学筛选其潜在的Q-Marker,基于Q-Marker对不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量整体评价。前期主要考察了不同提取溶剂、不同流动相、不同温度、不同流速、不同色谱柱,此外还采用DAD检测器进行了全波长扫描,结果显示在254 nm检测波长下,基线平稳,色谱峰数量较多;最终确定采取甲醇超声提取2次,每次30 min的提取方式,Waters SymmmetryShieldTM RP18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)在乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸水系统下梯度洗脱,温度30 ℃、进样体积1.0 mL·min-1,在254 nm下采集色谱峰多,分离度好,24批不同采收年限曼地亚红豆杉HPLC色谱图相似度在0.927~0.987,表明曼地亚红豆杉的质量一致性好。药理活性研究和临床实践已证明紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱,10-DAT等紫杉烷类化合物是抗肿瘤的主要活性成分,其中10-DAB和巴卡亭Ⅲ是紫杉醇的同系物,三尖杉宁碱的成分结构与紫杉醇的差异仅在C13位侧链上NH-的连接,且某些红豆杉中的三尖杉宁碱醇含量可能高于紫杉醇,当提取分离得到紫杉醇的同时,会得到比紫杉醇产量更大的主含三尖杉宁碱的副产物基团[42],由于这些成分与紫杉醇的结构相似,都可作为紫杉烷类药物的半合成原料,通过结构修饰改造成紫杉醇[43],从而解决紫杉醇资源稀缺、产量低等问题。红豆杉的Q-Marker与紫杉烷类化合物息息相关,根据指纹图谱与网络药理学的结果,结合化学识别模式方法可较好地区分不同年限、不同季节的曼地亚红豆杉,验证了Q-Marker的合理性,因此可将紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱,10-DAT作为红豆杉的Q-Marker。本课题前期研究结果表明,曼地亚红豆杉的成分种类与当前标准收录的南方红豆杉一致,儿茶素、对羟基苯甲醛、β-蜕皮甾酮、阿魏酸、芦丁、10-DAB、槲皮素、芹菜素、7-表紫杉醇、银杏双黄酮、金松双黄酮是曼地亚红豆杉的优势成分,可见曼地亚红豆杉具有较好的药用价值。
中药具有多成分、多靶点、整体性的特点,刘昌孝院士提出的“Q-Marker”概念,有利于阐明中药有效物质基础,且对中药总体质量的控制具有重要作用[44]。网络药理学方法是一种基于成分与药效相关联的质量标志物研究方法,可深入发现中药多成分、多靶点的治疗机制[45],现已成为快速准确地找到Q-Marker的主要手段之一。因此,为进一步表征曼地亚红豆杉中的特征、有效物质基础,本实验基于Q-Marker可测、特有、有效、传递及配伍“五原则”,首先采用HPLC法建立曼地亚红豆杉药材的指纹图谱,标定25个共有峰,指认18个化合物,经OPLS-DA筛选紫杉醇、巴卡亭Ⅲ、10-DAB、10-DAT、三尖杉宁碱、穗花杉双黄酮、山柰素、芦丁、金松双黄酮、对羟基苯甲醛和阿魏酸11个差异性标志物,随后结合网络药理学方法从有效性角度对11个差异性标志物进行靶点预测及相关通路富集分析,结果表明它们主要调控PIK3R1、AKT1、EGFR、HRAS、MAPK1、SRC、GRB2等14个核心靶点,均与干预癌症等密切相关。KEGG通路富集分析中,关于癌症的通路较多,表明交集靶点与抗肿瘤密切相关。PI3K-Akt信号通路参与细胞增殖、分化和凋亡及癌细胞存活等过程,引起胶质母细胞瘤、卵巢癌和结肠癌等多种癌症[44],大多数PI3K-Akt通路的致癌突变发生于核心蛋白PI3K激酶催化亚基或调节亚基,如本研究预测得到的紫杉醇靶标PIK3R1能够通过调节PI3K催化亚基p110稳定性,并帮助其定位结合到细胞质膜,进而PIP2磷酸化为PIP3发挥抑癌或致癌的作用[46]。网络药理学研究结果表明,10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT等成分可以作用于该通路发挥治疗抗肿瘤的作用,这与红豆杉临床应用相同,提示曼地亚红豆杉作为红豆杉药用来源,具备可行性,也为曼地亚红豆杉的药效作用机制提供了参考依据。本研究除了紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT特征性成分外,发现主要成分金松双黄酮和银杏双黄酮含量较高,可能与改善糖尿病并发症相关,后期可做深入研究。
为进一步明确预测的Q-Marker能否用于评价曼地亚红豆杉的质量,本研究采用HCA和PCA的化学识别方法进行验证。HCA的结果表明以5个Q-Marker标准化的峰面积为变量指标,春季采收4个年限可以分为4类,较好区分出三年、六年、十年、十八年采收的红豆杉;秋季采收的4个年限也分为4类,较好区分出五年、七年、八年、十五年采收的红豆杉,提示预测的Q-Marker可作为鉴别和区分曼地亚红豆杉质量的重要依据。PCA分布结果表明8个年限的曼地亚红豆杉被分为7类,其中六年以上春季采收的曼地亚红豆杉综合得分整体分布集中,与HCA的结果一致。此外,为深入验证Q-Marker的质量评价作用,本研究同时采用PCA方法进行综合评分排序,结果表明,得分由大到小的顺序为十年春、六年春、十八年春、三年春、十五年秋、八年秋、七年秋、五年秋,提示以6年以上春季采收质量较优且稳定。由以上结果可知,不同年限曼地亚红豆杉化学成分相似,但质量存在一定差异,这可能与采收季节、年限、生长环境等有关[47],提示采收时应该重点关注5个Q-Marker的含量,从而提升曼地亚红豆杉的整体稳定性。
综上所述,本研究基于指纹图谱和网络药理学方法,对曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker进行预测与分析,结合Q-Marker核心理论最终筛选出紫杉醇、10-DAB、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱、10-DAT为曼地亚红豆杉的Q-Marker,最后基于化学识别模式方法综合评价不同年限曼地亚红豆杉的质量,结果验证了Q-Marker筛选过程的合理性和可行性。此方法具有较好、可靠的质量评价作用,为曼地亚红豆杉质量标准的建立及后续研究提供参考。
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2024年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.01.04
  • 接收时间:2023-02-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-22
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*河南省药品监督管理局科技计划项目(2020DB224)
河南中医药大学2021年度科技协同创新专项项目(2023XTCX041)
河南中医药大学2022年度研究生科研创新项目(2022KYCX006)
公益性行业专项—中药炮制技术传承基地建设(00104296)
作者信息
    1.河南中医药大学 药学院,郑州 450046
    2.河南省中药特色炮制技术工程研究中心,郑州 450046
    3.呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心,郑州 450046
    4.河南省中药饮片炮制中医药重点实验室,郑州 450046
    5.河南省景春堂药业有限公司,许昌 461000

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**张振凌 Tel:(0371)65680970;E-mail:
王胜超 Tel:13783495211;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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