Article(id=1239973084598424040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0747, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700582400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773562220953, onlineDateStr=2026-03-15, pubDate=1730304000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773562220953, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773562220953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773562220953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239973077845603299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1647', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773562219344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773563041495, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1699, endPage=1712, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239973084845887996, articleId=1239973084598424040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Multivariate statistical analysis combined with molecular networking to analysis the components between the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To explore the difference of chemical composition between the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker,the chemical profile of Lilii Bulbus was acquired by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TOF MS),then the components of all samples was analyzed by chemometrics combined with molecular networking.

Methods:

The Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm) was adopt,and the mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1,the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL. The mass spectra were acquired in the positive and negative modes in the mass range of m/z 80-1 100. Principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and single factor analysis were used for screening the differential components. Then GNPS molecular network was created according to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation modes. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures.

Results:

Phenolic acid glycerides,alkaloids and steroid saponins were screened as the differential components groups. Among these components,the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. was rich in steroid saponins,while the bulbus of L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker was rich in alkaloids. Besides,31 components,including 18 phenolic acid glycerides,7 alkaloids and 6 steroid saponins were identified in the three differential components groups.

Conclusion:

This method can provide reference data for the quality control and pharmacodynamic substances of Lilii Bulbus,and provide reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine.

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目的:

采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)技术,联合多元统计分析和分子网络分析,解析百合及卷丹化学成分的差异性。

方法:

采用Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.01%甲酸水溶液(B)为流动相,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量1 μL;电喷雾离子源,正、负离子模式检测,扫描范围m/z 80~1 100,分析新鲜百合及卷丹样品。数据采集后进行化学轮廓分析,首先运用主成分分析(PCA)比较二者化学轮廓差异性,发现百合及卷丹在化学成分上存在明显差异。进而通过正交偏最小二乘法(OPLS-DA)结合单因素分析对百合和卷丹的差异化合物群进行筛选。最后,以差异化合物群中各成分MS/MS碎片信息为依据,通过GNPS平台构建分子网络,并通过Cytoscape 3.7.2软件筛选结构相似的分子簇并绘制可视化网络图。通过对照品比对、网络数据库检索等方式鉴定各分子簇“种子”成分,以“种子”成分为线索解析不同来源百合差异成分群结构组成。

结果:

百合和卷丹主要在酚酸甘油酯、生物碱和皂苷成分群中存在差异,其中生物碱类为百合的优势成分群,而甾体皂苷类为卷丹的优势成分群。并通过分子网络在二者的差异成分群中鉴定出31个化合物,其中包括酚酸甘油酯类18个、生物碱类7个及皂苷类成分6个。

结论:

百合及卷丹在化学成分上存在较大差异,差异成分对于药材的品质,在复方中的功效和含复方临床疗效之间的关系还需进一步研究。本研究为百合的合理利用及精准开发提供数据参考,也为中药化学成分表征及快速鉴别提供借鉴。

, correspAuthors=陈随清, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel:(0371)65676686;E-mail:
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Tel:(0371)65676656;E-mail:

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Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013, articleTitle=Synthesis and Structural Modifications of Dioscin and Solamargine, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239977443566612726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, awardId=24A360004, language=CN, fundingSource=*河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A360004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239977443650498809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, awardId=2022ZYZD18, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省中医药科学研究专项课题重大专项(2022ZYZD18), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239977433680638958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977433697416174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977433680638958, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977433709999086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977433680638958, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南中医药大学药学院,郑州 450046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239977435677127667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977435685516274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977435677127667, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Company, Xinyang 465550, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977435693904884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977435677127667, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南羚锐制药股份有限公司,信阳 465550)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239977435756819451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977435765208061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977435756819451, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977435769402366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, companyId=1239977435756819451, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.河南中医药大学 呼吸病协同创新中心,郑州 450046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239977440303444135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Overlay total ion chromatograms of QC sample (A) and total ion chromatograms of Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker and Lilium landfolium Thunb. in positive (B) and negative (C) modes, figureFileSmall=616HgijvMBiDbyC3eyFn6A==, figureFileBig=6G5zzHIDyQ1lVbf/dkFT5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440408301739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=图1, caption=QC样品总离子流叠加图(A)、百合及卷丹正离子模式(B)及负离子模式(C)总离子流图, figureFileSmall=616HgijvMBiDbyC3eyFn6A==, figureFileBig=6G5zzHIDyQ1lVbf/dkFT5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440529936563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Volcano plots of the differential components in bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, figureFileSmall=oDe48F7KtnJoOKrjW3/mng==, figureFileBig=NvRvTFs2foD1z0QhIXJJcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440618016951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=图2, caption=百合和卷丹化学成分单因素分析火山图

A.正离子(positive mode) B.负离子(negative mode)

, figureFileSmall=oDe48F7KtnJoOKrjW3/mng==, figureFileBig=NvRvTFs2foD1z0QhIXJJcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440706097339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PCA plot of fresh bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, figureFileSmall=tFxNZons99nL6gtX2d2tfQ==, figureFileBig=4RcAPuOZOt6+5ErWILg3NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440794177729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=图3, caption=新鲜百合及新鲜卷丹PCA图

A.负离子(negative mode) B.正离子(positive mode)

, figureFileSmall=tFxNZons99nL6gtX2d2tfQ==, figureFileBig=4RcAPuOZOt6+5ErWILg3NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977440949366981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OPLS-DA plot of fresh bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, figureFileSmall=aCXueCDW/xIUOsraS0A5Bw==, figureFileBig=H4LFgSsc9UvqgI+AQ2Cekw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977441029058760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=图4, caption=新鲜百合及新鲜卷丹OPLS-DA图

A.负离子(negative mode) B.正离子(positive mode)

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Information of Lilii Bulbus samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批号
(sample No)
来源
(origin)
采收地
(habitat)
采收时间
(harvesting time)
XXLY-1百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker)江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-2江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-3江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-4江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-5江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-6江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-7湖南省邵阳市隆回县(Longhui,Shaoyang,Hunan)2021-09-20
XXLY-8湖南省邵阳市隆回县(Longhui,Shaoyang,Hunan)2021-09-20
XXJD-1卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)江苏省宜兴市(Yixing,Jiangsu)2021-09-05
XXJD-2江苏省宜兴市(Yixing,Jiangsu)2021-09-05
XXJD-3湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-4湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-5湖北省恩施市来凤县(Laifeng,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-6湖北省恩施市来凤县(Laifeng,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-7湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-8湖北省恩施市宣恩县(Xuanen,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-9湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
), ArticleFig(id=1239977443172348139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卷丹及百合样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批号
(sample No)
来源
(origin)
采收地
(habitat)
采收时间
(harvesting time)
XXLY-1百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker)江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-2江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-3江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-08-03
XXLY-4江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-5江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-6江西宜春市万载县(Wanzai,Yichun,Jiangxi)2021-09-06
XXLY-7湖南省邵阳市隆回县(Longhui,Shaoyang,Hunan)2021-09-20
XXLY-8湖南省邵阳市隆回县(Longhui,Shaoyang,Hunan)2021-09-20
XXJD-1卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)江苏省宜兴市(Yixing,Jiangsu)2021-09-05
XXJD-2江苏省宜兴市(Yixing,Jiangsu)2021-09-05
XXJD-3湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-4湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-5湖北省恩施市来凤县(Laifeng,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-6湖北省恩施市来凤县(Laifeng,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-7湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
XXJD-8湖北省恩施市宣恩县(Xuanen,Enshi,Hubei)2021-09-25
XXJD-9湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州龙山县(Longshan,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan)2021-09-19
), ArticleFig(id=1239977443264622827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Identification of chemical constituents of the bulbus of Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker and Lilium landfolium Thunb. by UPLC-Q TOF MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物编号(compound No.)tR/min质荷比(m/z离子形式(ion form)分子式(formula)碎片离子(fragment ion)推测结构(identified constituent)峰面积(peak area)类别(type)
卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker)
1*4.24415.125 2[M-H]-C18H24O11253.092 7,235.060 9,179.035 0,161.024 4,135.045 1王百合苷C(regaloside C)2 961 333530 733酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
24.60399.129 1[M-H]-C18H24O10253.093 4,163.040 0,145.029 4,119.050 0王百合苷D(regaloside D)3 727 3002 903 925酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
34.72561.183 2[M-H]-C24H34O15339.128 6,354.544 8,163.040 5,145.029 31-O-p-香豆酰-二阿魏酰蔗糖苷(1-O-p-coumaroyl-diferuloylsucrose)463 553218 058酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
44.78325.092 8[M-H]-C15H18O8161.061 1,145.030 3,119.049 71-O-p-香豆酰-葡萄糖苷(1-O-p-coumaroyl-glucopyranose)380 361ND酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
5*5.24399.130 2[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 9,219.066 1,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 3王百合苷H(regaloside H)88 458167 740酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
65.89237.036 8[M-H]-C12H13O5163.041 3,145.049 61-O-香豆酰甘油(1-O-Coumaroylglycerol)155 809134 896酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
7*5.98399.129 8[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 7,163.040 3,145.029 6,119.050 3王百合苷A(regaloside H)15 690 39819 267 056酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
86.12399.129 0[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 6,237.077 0,163.040 2,145.029 6王百合苷A同分异构体(isomer of regaloside H)702 5293 939 020酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
96.56163.040 1[M-H]-C9H8O3119.050 0对香豆酸(4-coumaric acid)1 531 533865 436酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
10*6.85429.140 6[M-H]-C19H26O11249.076 4,193.050 6,175.039 8王百合苷F(regaloside F)888 762276 220酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
11*9.87457.135 8[M-H]-C20H25O12457.135 5,415.125 0,397.114 6,179.035 2,161.024 7王百合苷E(regaloside E)3 981 610865 436酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1210.05603.193 8[M-H]-C26H36O16381.121 1,163.040 5,145.029 9,136.319 71-香豆酰-2-阿魏酰-3-O-乙酰甘油(1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-diferuloylsucroyl-3-O-acetylglycerol)334 515ND酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1312.1163.040 3[M-H]-C9H7O3119.050 0,邻香豆酸或其同分异构(coumaric acid or its isomer)310 694294 934酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1412.21441.139 8[M-H]-C20H26O11399.128 5,381.118 9,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 1王百合苷B同分异构体(isomer of regaloside B)461 088921 11酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
15*12.98441.140 0[M-H]-C20H26O11399.129 5,381.119 2,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 1王百合苷B(regaloside B)23 002 47464 206 488酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1613.70693.202 7[M-H]-C32H38O17621.036 5,517.155 4,499.145 0,193.050 7,175.040 1双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)79 468133 422酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1715.02693.203 7[M-H]-C32H38O17517.155 9,499.145 7,193.051 1,175.040 8双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(isomer of di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)33 85861 843酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1816.06639.204 0[M-H]-C32H38O17517.155 6,499.146 1,193.050 8,175.040 8双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(isomer of di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)124 38255 367酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
19*26.00884.500 3[M+H]+C45H73NO16866.488 7,738.442 5,576.389 5,414.336 7澳洲茄碱(solasonine)ND2 569 751生物碱(alkaloids)
2027.00578.405 0[M+H]+C33H55NO7524.277 7,416.352 9澳洲茄胺-葡萄糖苷(solasodine-glucopyranose)5 689 75113 569 811生物碱(alkaloids)
21*27.78884.500 8[M+H]+C45H73NO16738.443 1,576.388 9,414.336 0澳洲茄碱同分异构(isomer of solasonine)1 632 81221 636 856生物碱(alkaloids)
2228.39578.405 0[M+H]+C33H55NO7416.352 4澳洲茄胺-葡萄糖苷(isomer of solasodine-glucopyranose)251 4509 854 611生物碱(alkaloids)
2328.81722.447 8[M+H]+C39H63NO11576.389 6,414.336 5β1-澳洲茄边碱(1-khasianine)1 260 54816 832 290生物碱(alkaloids)
2429.60886.516 7[M+H]+C45H75NO15740.457 7,578.399 4,416.351 49氢化澳洲茄碱(hydride solasonine)1 185 48841 991 444生物碱(alkaloids)
2530.79724.464 1[M+H]+C39H65NO11578.405 4,416.322 5氢化β1-澳洲茄边碱(hydride β1-solamarigine)1 178 87849 543 156生物碱(alkaloids)
2631.06899.464 0[M-H]-C45H72O18735.382 7,573.323 4,555.310 9,497.3043 2,449.281 5,413.285 726-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-奴阿皂甙元- 3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(26-O-β-D-glucopyranosylnuatigenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→ 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)507 160ND甾体皂苷(alkaloids)
2732.09901.481 0[M-H]-C45H74O18737.398 4,575.339 3,523.431 6,457.311 2,413.286 9化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)451 279ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
2832.92901.479 7[M-H]-C45H74O18737.400 1,575.336 5,523.430 7,457.312 6,413.287 3化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 421 390ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
2933.26901.480 8[M-H]-C45H74O18737.402 2,575.334 5,523.431 1,457.311 4,413.288 9化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 033 252225 217甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
3033.62903.495 0[M-H]-C45H76O18883.468 5,721.415 7,575.357 6,413.305 0化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)2 069 584ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
3134.01903.494 9[M-H]-C45H76O18885.483 4,723.431 6,577.373 2,415.320 6化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 521 498ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
), ArticleFig(id=1239977443377869041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084598424040, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

百合及卷丹化学成分质谱信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物编号(compound No.)tR/min质荷比(m/z离子形式(ion form)分子式(formula)碎片离子(fragment ion)推测结构(identified constituent)峰面积(peak area)类别(type)
卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker)
1*4.24415.125 2[M-H]-C18H24O11253.092 7,235.060 9,179.035 0,161.024 4,135.045 1王百合苷C(regaloside C)2 961 333530 733酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
24.60399.129 1[M-H]-C18H24O10253.093 4,163.040 0,145.029 4,119.050 0王百合苷D(regaloside D)3 727 3002 903 925酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
34.72561.183 2[M-H]-C24H34O15339.128 6,354.544 8,163.040 5,145.029 31-O-p-香豆酰-二阿魏酰蔗糖苷(1-O-p-coumaroyl-diferuloylsucrose)463 553218 058酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
44.78325.092 8[M-H]-C15H18O8161.061 1,145.030 3,119.049 71-O-p-香豆酰-葡萄糖苷(1-O-p-coumaroyl-glucopyranose)380 361ND酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
5*5.24399.130 2[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 9,219.066 1,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 3王百合苷H(regaloside H)88 458167 740酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
65.89237.036 8[M-H]-C12H13O5163.041 3,145.049 61-O-香豆酰甘油(1-O-Coumaroylglycerol)155 809134 896酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
7*5.98399.129 8[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 7,163.040 3,145.029 6,119.050 3王百合苷A(regaloside H)15 690 39819 267 056酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
86.12399.129 0[M-H]-C18H24O10253.092 6,237.077 0,163.040 2,145.029 6王百合苷A同分异构体(isomer of regaloside H)702 5293 939 020酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
96.56163.040 1[M-H]-C9H8O3119.050 0对香豆酸(4-coumaric acid)1 531 533865 436酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
10*6.85429.140 6[M-H]-C19H26O11249.076 4,193.050 6,175.039 8王百合苷F(regaloside F)888 762276 220酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
11*9.87457.135 8[M-H]-C20H25O12457.135 5,415.125 0,397.114 6,179.035 2,161.024 7王百合苷E(regaloside E)3 981 610865 436酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1210.05603.193 8[M-H]-C26H36O16381.121 1,163.040 5,145.029 9,136.319 71-香豆酰-2-阿魏酰-3-O-乙酰甘油(1-O-p-coumaroyl-2-diferuloylsucroyl-3-O-acetylglycerol)334 515ND酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1312.1163.040 3[M-H]-C9H7O3119.050 0,邻香豆酸或其同分异构(coumaric acid or its isomer)310 694294 934酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1412.21441.139 8[M-H]-C20H26O11399.128 5,381.118 9,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 1王百合苷B同分异构体(isomer of regaloside B)461 088921 11酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
15*12.98441.140 0[M-H]-C20H26O11399.129 5,381.119 2,163.040 1,145.029 6,119.050 1王百合苷B(regaloside B)23 002 47464 206 488酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1613.70693.202 7[M-H]-C32H38O17621.036 5,517.155 4,499.145 0,193.050 7,175.040 1双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)79 468133 422酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1715.02693.203 7[M-H]-C32H38O17517.155 9,499.145 7,193.051 1,175.040 8双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(isomer of di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)33 85861 843酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
1816.06639.204 0[M-H]-C32H38O17517.155 6,499.146 1,193.050 8,175.040 8双阿魏酰基蔗糖及其同分异构(isomer of di-diferuloylsucroyl-glucopyranose-fructofuranosyl)124 38255 367酚酸甘油酯(phenolic acid glycerides)
19*26.00884.500 3[M+H]+C45H73NO16866.488 7,738.442 5,576.389 5,414.336 7澳洲茄碱(solasonine)ND2 569 751生物碱(alkaloids)
2027.00578.405 0[M+H]+C33H55NO7524.277 7,416.352 9澳洲茄胺-葡萄糖苷(solasodine-glucopyranose)5 689 75113 569 811生物碱(alkaloids)
21*27.78884.500 8[M+H]+C45H73NO16738.443 1,576.388 9,414.336 0澳洲茄碱同分异构(isomer of solasonine)1 632 81221 636 856生物碱(alkaloids)
2228.39578.405 0[M+H]+C33H55NO7416.352 4澳洲茄胺-葡萄糖苷(isomer of solasodine-glucopyranose)251 4509 854 611生物碱(alkaloids)
2328.81722.447 8[M+H]+C39H63NO11576.389 6,414.336 5β1-澳洲茄边碱(1-khasianine)1 260 54816 832 290生物碱(alkaloids)
2429.60886.516 7[M+H]+C45H75NO15740.457 7,578.399 4,416.351 49氢化澳洲茄碱(hydride solasonine)1 185 48841 991 444生物碱(alkaloids)
2530.79724.464 1[M+H]+C39H65NO11578.405 4,416.322 5氢化β1-澳洲茄边碱(hydride β1-solamarigine)1 178 87849 543 156生物碱(alkaloids)
2631.06899.464 0[M-H]-C45H72O18735.382 7,573.323 4,555.310 9,497.3043 2,449.281 5,413.285 726-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-奴阿皂甙元- 3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(26-O-β-D-glucopyranosylnuatigenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→ 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)507 160ND甾体皂苷(alkaloids)
2732.09901.481 0[M-H]-C45H74O18737.398 4,575.339 3,523.431 6,457.311 2,413.286 9化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)451 279ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
2832.92901.479 7[M-H]-C45H74O18737.400 1,575.336 5,523.430 7,457.312 6,413.287 3化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 421 390ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
2933.26901.480 8[M-H]-C45H74O18737.402 2,575.334 5,523.431 1,457.311 4,413.288 9化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 033 252225 217甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
3033.62903.495 0[M-H]-C45H76O18883.468 5,721.415 7,575.357 6,413.305 0化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)2 069 584ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
3134.01903.494 9[M-H]-C45H76O18885.483 4,723.431 6,577.373 2,415.320 6化合物26同系物(congeners of compound 26)6 521 498ND甾体皂苷(steroid saponins)
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基于UPLC-Q TOF MS联合多元统计分析及分子网络的百合及卷丹化学成分差异性研究*
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付钰 1, 2 , 王碧莹 1 , 张欣亚 1 , 荣晓庆 1 , 陈随清 1, 3, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(10): 1699-1712
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(10): 1699-1712
基于UPLC-Q TOF MS联合多元统计分析及分子网络的百合及卷丹化学成分差异性研究*
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付钰1, 2 , 王碧莹1, 张欣亚1, 荣晓庆1, 陈随清1, 3, **
作者信息
  • 1.河南中医药大学药学院,郑州 450046
  • 2.河南羚锐制药股份有限公司,信阳 465550
  • 3.河南中医药大学 呼吸病协同创新中心,郑州 450046
  • Tel:(0371)65676656;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel:(0371)65676686;E-mail:
Multivariate statistical analysis combined with molecular networking to analysis the components between the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker
Yu FU1, 2 , Bi-ying WANG1, Xin-ya ZHANG1, Xiao-qing RONG1, Sui-qing CHEN1, 3, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2.Henan Lingrui Pharmaceutical Company, Xinyang 465550, China
  • 3.Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2024-10-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0747
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目的:

采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)技术,联合多元统计分析和分子网络分析,解析百合及卷丹化学成分的差异性。

方法:

采用Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.01%甲酸水溶液(B)为流动相,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量1 μL;电喷雾离子源,正、负离子模式检测,扫描范围m/z 80~1 100,分析新鲜百合及卷丹样品。数据采集后进行化学轮廓分析,首先运用主成分分析(PCA)比较二者化学轮廓差异性,发现百合及卷丹在化学成分上存在明显差异。进而通过正交偏最小二乘法(OPLS-DA)结合单因素分析对百合和卷丹的差异化合物群进行筛选。最后,以差异化合物群中各成分MS/MS碎片信息为依据,通过GNPS平台构建分子网络,并通过Cytoscape 3.7.2软件筛选结构相似的分子簇并绘制可视化网络图。通过对照品比对、网络数据库检索等方式鉴定各分子簇“种子”成分,以“种子”成分为线索解析不同来源百合差异成分群结构组成。

结果:

百合和卷丹主要在酚酸甘油酯、生物碱和皂苷成分群中存在差异,其中生物碱类为百合的优势成分群,而甾体皂苷类为卷丹的优势成分群。并通过分子网络在二者的差异成分群中鉴定出31个化合物,其中包括酚酸甘油酯类18个、生物碱类7个及皂苷类成分6个。

结论:

百合及卷丹在化学成分上存在较大差异,差异成分对于药材的品质,在复方中的功效和含复方临床疗效之间的关系还需进一步研究。本研究为百合的合理利用及精准开发提供数据参考,也为中药化学成分表征及快速鉴别提供借鉴。

百合  /  卷丹  /  液质联用  /  多元统计  /  分子网络  /  成分差异
Objective:

To explore the difference of chemical composition between the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker,the chemical profile of Lilii Bulbus was acquired by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q TOF MS),then the components of all samples was analyzed by chemometrics combined with molecular networking.

Methods:

The Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm) was adopt,and the mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1,the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL. The mass spectra were acquired in the positive and negative modes in the mass range of m/z 80-1 100. Principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and single factor analysis were used for screening the differential components. Then GNPS molecular network was created according to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation modes. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures.

Results:

Phenolic acid glycerides,alkaloids and steroid saponins were screened as the differential components groups. Among these components,the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. was rich in steroid saponins,while the bulbus of L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker was rich in alkaloids. Besides,31 components,including 18 phenolic acid glycerides,7 alkaloids and 6 steroid saponins were identified in the three differential components groups.

Conclusion:

This method can provide reference data for the quality control and pharmacodynamic substances of Lilii Bulbus,and provide reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine.

bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb.  /  bulbus of L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker  /  UPLC-MS  /  multivariate statistical analysis  /  molecular networking  /  composition differences
付钰, 王碧莹, 张欣亚, 荣晓庆, 陈随清. 基于UPLC-Q TOF MS联合多元统计分析及分子网络的百合及卷丹化学成分差异性研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1699 -1712 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0747
Yu FU, Bi-ying WANG, Xin-ya ZHANG, Xiao-qing RONG, Sui-qing CHEN. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with molecular networking to analysis the components between the bulbus of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1699 -1712 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0747
百合为我国药食同源中药,具有养阴润肺,清心安神的功效。其药用历史悠久,为多首古代经典名方的重要组成药物。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》记载百合来源于百合科植物卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.、百合L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker或细叶百合L. pumilum DC.的肉质鳞叶。由于百合来源复杂,故在经典名方的开发中其来源的确定一直存在争议。本草研究发现[1-5],百合自古来源较多,其中卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.和百合L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker的肉质鳞茎均曾作为主要药用来源,但二者在形态、地理分布及性味等方面存在较明显差异。故需要系统研究二者化学成分的异同,进而明确卷丹和百合在现代高品质中药制剂研发中能否等同入药。
卷丹和百合均含有多糖类、酚酸甘油酯类、甾醇类、黄酮类、苯丙素类、皂苷类等成分[6-7]。已有研究表明,卷丹和百合在皂苷及酚酸甘油酯的种类和含量上有较大差异[8-10]。但现有许多研究多针对卷丹和百合中1种或者几种化学成分,缺乏整体性比较。虽然也有研究从化学轮廓方面比较多个来源百合的差异[11],但缺乏针对经典名方用药特点的卷丹和百合系统的化学成分比较。
超高效液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)技术具有高分辨、高灵敏度的特点,是天然产物识别、鉴定的常用分析方法之一[12]。该技术结合主成分分析等多种多元统计分析方法能够从整体层面阐明不同样本间化学成分的差异,并已广泛地用于中药质量评价研究中[13-15]。虽然,Q TOF MS技术其能够提供大量的化合物分子量信息,为中药复杂体系中各类化学成分的识别提供依据,但如何解析这些复杂的数据仍是中药未知成分鉴定的一项难题。近年来,基于全球天然产物分子网络集群数据库(Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking,GNPS)平台的分子网络(molecular networking)分析为复杂基质化合物的识别提供了新的思路和角度。分子网络根据相关化合物的二级质谱碎片的相似性,将同一类化合物分子聚集在一个分子网络中,根据网络中已知成分的结构,可推断未知化学成分的类型及结构[16]。多项研究表明,该技术的应用能够加速对天然药物中未知成分群的指认[17-18]
本研究遵循百合传统用药方式,采用Q TOF MS对卷丹和百合的化学成分进行检测并绘制其化学轮廓图,采用多种化学计量学手段筛选二者差异成分群,依据差异成分群各化合物二级质谱图相似性,构建分子网络,解析卷丹和百合的差异成分群,为含有百合的高品质中药现代制剂的研发提供依据。
Agilent 1290型超高效液相色谱仪(Agilent Technologies公司);Agilent 6546型四极杆飞行时间质谱仪(Agilent Technologies公司);冷冻离心机(Thermo Fisher公司);水浴锅(常州国华仪器有限公司)。
乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯,Merck公司);甲酸(色谱纯,阿拉丁试剂有限公司);纯水(屈臣氏公司);王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C、王百合苷E、王百合苷F、王百合苷H、澳洲茄碱(上海源叶科技有限公司,生产批号分别为B27791、B27371、B27372、B27373、B22151、B22161、B20019),以上对照品纯度采用HPLC面积归一化法计算,纯度均>95%。
8批新鲜百合Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker鳞茎分别采于江西省宜春市及湖南省邵阳市。9批新鲜卷丹Lilium landfolium Thunb.鳞茎分别采于江苏宜兴市及湖南土家族苗族自治州。样品经河南中医药大学药学院陈随清教授鉴定分别为卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.和百合L. brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker新鲜的肉质鳞茎。新鲜百合及卷丹采收后以吸水纸包裹,置于4 ℃冰箱保存备用。样品信息如表1所示。
各批次新鲜样品洗净,剥取鳞片,迅速切制成2 mm小块,精密称取10 g,置于200 mL圆底烧瓶中(该过程15 min内完成),精密加入蒸馏水100 mL,称量,100 ℃水浴回流2 h,放冷,再称量,用蒸馏水补足减失的量,8 000 r·min-1离心20 min,过滤,取上清,用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤。取滤液1 mL至固相萃取小柱(Selectcore HLB固相萃取柱,纳谱分析技术有限公司),先以20%甲醇-水2 mL洗脱,弃去洗脱液,后以甲醇0.5 mL洗脱,收集甲醇洗脱液,即得。
精密称取王百合苷A、王百合苷B、王百合苷C、王百合苷E、王百合苷F、王百合苷H、澳洲茄碱的对照品适量,加50%甲醇溶解,配制成质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液,于4 ℃冰箱备用,临用时稀释。
分别取17批药材的供试品溶液各0.1 mL,混匀后备用。在检测过程中每检测4个样品运行1次QC样品溶液,采集样品前及结束后各运行2次QC样品溶液,用以保证整个分析系统的稳定性。
采用Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(B)-0.1%甲酸溶液(A)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~3 min,5%B;3~17 min,5%B→30%B;17~25 min,30%B→100%B;25~27 min,100%B),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量1 μL。
采用ESI离子源,正、负离子模式扫描,毛细管电压为3.5 kV(正离子模式)和4.0 kV(负离子模式),脱溶剂气体为氮气,气流量9 L·min-1,Sneath gas温度350 ℃,离子源温度为320 ℃,扫描范围m/z 80~1 100,扫描频率为每秒扫描2个光谱,碰撞气体为氩气。质谱数据采集及处理软件为Agilent Masshunter工作站。以Auto target MS/MS及Target MS/MS模式采集二级质谱,裂解电压为25~65 V。
将各样品采集的数据通过Agilent profinder软件进行数据处理,如峰对齐、降噪、峰提取、归一化等。将处理后的数据导入SIMCA-P 14.1软件进行主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别法分析(OPLS-DA)。通过OPLS-DA模型置换验证确定模型的可信度后,根据变量对分组贡献值VIP的大小,筛选出VIP≥1.5的化合物。同时将数据导入Agilent Mass Profiler Professional(MPP,Agilent Technologies)软件进行t检验及差异倍数分析,最终选取VIP≥1.5、P<0.05且差异倍数fold change>2的成分作为显著差异性成分。
正、负离子模式下卷丹及百合按“2.1.1”项方法制备的供试品的质谱数据先通过MS Convert软件进转换为mzML格式,将数据上传至GNPS (https://gnps.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/static/gnps-splash.jsp)网站,构建GNPS网络。参数设置如下:Precursor Ion Mass Tolerance和Fragment Ion Mass Tolerance的质量误差均为0.02 Da,Min Pairs Cos 0.7,Minimum Matched Fragment Ions 6。其余参数均选择默认值,计算结构用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件进行可视化分析。
各批次样品的供试品溶液经过UPLC-Q TOF MS分析后得总离子流图(图1)。由8个QC样品分别在正(左)及负(右)离子模式下的总离子流叠加图(图1-A)可知,8个QC样品可较好地重叠,说明数据采集过程中分析方法及仪器稳定,数据可靠。通过化学轮廓对比,能够直观的观察到卷丹及百合在a、b及c 3个区域的化学成分数量和种类存在差异。a区域内卷丹及百合在正、负模式下均有明显的色谱峰,但在正离子模式下各化合物[M+H]+峰不明显,不易进行化学结构解析。而在负离子模式下均出现较为稳定的[M-H]-峰,并具有较为丰富而稳定的二级质谱碎片。但卷丹和百合在该区域的色谱峰种类和强度有所不同。b区域内,正离子模式下,百合有较为明显的峰响应,且在45 V电压下能够产生较为丰富的碎片,而卷丹在此区域内未见明显色谱峰。负离子模式下二者在b区域均未有明显的色谱峰。c区域内百合在正、负离子模式下,未见明显峰相应。而卷丹在该区域内正、负离子模式下都存在明显的色谱峰,且在负离子模式下可检测到[M-H]-峰及[M+CH3COO]-的加合峰。
为进一步分析卷丹和百合的差异性,们分别采用单因素分析和主成分分析方法对二者的差异性进行初探。将所有原始数据导入Agilent profinder软件进行数据的提取、清洗、标准化等处理后,在正离子模式下得到3 756个化合物,负离子模式下得到1 578个化合物。首先利用单因素分析绘制不同离子模式下2种百合化学成分火山图,通过t检验和差异倍数分析法对化合物组间差异进行分析,得出各化合物在2种来源百合间的P及fold change值。如图2火山图所示,横坐标为“log2(fold change)”,纵坐标为“-log10P”。红色点代表卷丹较百合中升高的变量,且满足fold change>2同时P<0.05;蓝色点代表卷丹较百合样品降低的变量,且满足fold change<-2同时P<0.05。从图中可知,在正离子模式下,卷丹有1 199个成分峰面积显著高于百合,853个成分峰面积显著低于百合;在负离子模式下,卷丹有519个成分峰面积高于百合,有413个成分峰面积低于百合。
PCA分析可从整体层面展示卷丹和百合的差异性。通过SIMCA-P 14.1软件对各批次样品正、负离子模式下数据进行PCA分析。如图3所示,在正、负离子模式下,QC样品均能较好的聚合,说明数据采集、化合物提取过程稳定。在正离子模式下,得到2个主成分,其中,第一主成分解释了63.3%的变量信息,第二主成分解释了5.83%的变量信息;负离子模式下,得到2个主成分,其中,第一主成分解释了59.7%的变量信息,第二主成分解释了6.33%的变量信息。从正、负离子模式下PCA图可知,百合和卷丹有较为明显的分离,说明2种药材的水提物在化学成分组成上存在较大差异。
正交偏最小二乘分析(OPLS-DA)属于有监督的分析方法。在分析数据时,已知样本分组关系,能更好地区分各组间特征变量,获得组间差异信息。如图4所示,百合及卷丹样品在正离子模式下有较好的区分,且R2X=0.705,R2Y=0.99,Q2=0.994;负离子模式下亦有较好的区分,且R2X=0.735,R2Y=0.99,Q2=0.993。同时,分别对正、负离子OPLS-DA模型参数R2Q2进行了200次的置换验证,Q2R2的最终值接近1,说明模型建立有效。图4所示,在正、负离子模式下,卷丹和百合均各自聚集,分为明显的2类,且与PCA结果相似,进一步证明二者的差异性。
差异化合物采用多变量OPLS-DA模型前2个主成分的VIP≥1.5,结合单因素分析fold change>2和P<0.05三者取交集,得到共有的差异化合物。结果发现,在正离子模式下,与百合相比,卷丹有656个上调差异化合物,411个下调差异化合物;在负离子模式下,与百合相比,卷丹有268个上调差异化合物,197个下调差异化合物。通过分析差异成分的保留时间,发现差异成分主要分布于a、b和c 3个区域内。
GNPS分子网络平台是基于化合物的二级质谱碎片模式相似性创建分子网络的公共平台,通过计算每个化合物二级质谱碎片的相似性关系来创建一个可视化的网络图[19]。本部分结合化学计量学结果,运用分子网络的聚类信息对卷丹及百合的差异成分群进行分析。
在负离子模式下,根据化合物保留时间,围绕化学轮廓中a区域和c区域生成2个化学成分群类。a区域以酚酸甘油酯类成分为主(图5-A所示),包括15个化合物,其中5个成分经对照品对比分别鉴定为王百合苷A、B、C、E、F、H,可将其作为“种子”成分。本研究首先对“种子”成分质谱裂解行为进行研究,如王百合苷E(图5-B所示),二级质谱图谱显示其分子离子峰为m/z 457.13 [M-H]-m/z 457.13[M-H]-结构中C1’’’位酯键断裂形成m/z 415.12 [M-H-CH3CO]-,进一步脱水形成m/z 397.14 [M-CH3CO--H2O]-。同时,分子离子峰m/z 457.13[M-H]-脱去1分子葡萄糖形成m/z 277.07 [M-H-glu]-m/z 277.07 [M-H-glu]-中C1-O键断裂(如图所示)形成m/z 179.03的碎片离子、进而脱水形成m/z 161.02的碎片离子。同时,m/z 277.07的碎片离子亦通过C8’-C9’断裂形成m/z 135.045的碎片离子。通过对“种子”成分裂解规律总结,发现连续脱水、酯键断裂等为该类成分的特征裂解途径,并多产生m/z 179.03、m/z 161.02、m/z 135.04、m/z 163.03、m/z 119.05等征离子。在a区域分子网络中,未知9个成分均获得了高质量的一级及二级图谱,通过相似的裂解途径及特征离子与“种子”成分相关联。如图5-A所示,其中关联线的宽度代表其与临近成分的相关程度。通过各化合物之间的质量位移(mass difference)可知,各化合物之间主要存在糖基团、羰基基团、甲基基团等差异,m/z 237.078的化合物与王百合苷H或A相差1个葡萄糖基团(m/z 162.05),m/z 603.196的化合物在王百合苷B的基础上增加1个分子葡萄糖,而m/z 561.18的化合物与m/z 603.196的化合物相差1个羰基基团。通过关联度分析,可推测其皆为潜在的酚酸甘油酯类成分。从化合物节点饼状图(红色和蓝色分别代表节点成分在卷丹及百合样品中的平均响应)可知,该类成分在卷丹和百合中的分布存在较明显差异。其中王百合苷B、E、F以及m/z 325.09、m/z 603.19的化合物为卷丹的优势成分,而王百合苷A、H为百合的优势成分。结合前期化学计量学结果发现王百合苷B、E以及m/z 325.09、m/z 603.19的化合物在2个来源存在较大差异(VIP>1.5且fold change>2,P<0.05),可作为卷丹及百合差异标志物。
c区域集中为14个较大分子量(>900)化合物(图6),由于缺少此类成分的对照品,其结构信息主要通过数据库及文献检索获得。根据文献[20]可推测,m/z 899.465、m/z 901.481和m/z 903.495的化合物为甾体皂苷类成分。通过质量位移可知,未知成分与推测成分裂解途径和特征离子相似,但存在甲基、H2O及羧基等基团的差异,可推断此化合物群主要为甾体皂苷类成分。从各化合物在卷丹和百合的分布可知,甾体皂苷类成分在卷丹中的含量明显高于百合,化学计量学分析也显示多个化合物在卷丹和百合间存在显著差异。
同理,在正离子模式下,b区域的14个化合物聚为一类。此类化合物分子离子峰的质荷比值皆为偶数,根据氮律可知该类化合物为一系列含有奇数个氮元素的化合物(图7)。通过对照品比对鉴定出m/z 884.50 [M+H]+为澳洲茄碱的分子离子峰,故将其作为“种子”节点进行质谱裂解规律分析。一级质谱图显示在正离子模式下,澳洲茄碱产生明显的m/z 884.50 [M+H]+峰,二级质谱图显示分子离子[M+H]+脱去1个分子H2O形成m/z 866.48 [M+H-H2O]+,进一步脱去1分子鼠李糖形成m/z 720.42的碎片离子,进而脱去2个分子葡萄糖形成m/z 414.317 4的苷元结构碎片峰。苷元碎片通过脱去2个分子H2O形成m/z 378.29的碎片离子,进一步失去含氮基团形成m/z 253.17及m/z 126.105 8的碎片离子。从分子网络图中可知,样品中存在多个澳洲茄碱同分异构体。m/z 886.51的未知成分与澳洲茄碱分子离子峰的质荷比相差2,通过二级质谱数据对比,发现二者有相似的裂解行为且二级碎片离子质量皆相差2,为2个原子H。故推测m/z 886.51的化合物包含澳洲茄碱B环的饱和结构,且也存在多个同分异构体。m/z 722.44及m/z 724.46的化合物与澳洲茄碱有相似的裂解途径,二者分别与m/z 884.5的化合物、m/z 886.5的化合物的质荷比相差162.05(1个分子葡萄)。故推测m/z 722.44及m/z 724.46的化合物及其同分异构体与澳洲茄碱具有类似的结构,而在糖取代基的数量和位置有所差异。通过以上分子网络分析可判断,该化学成分群为与澳洲茄碱结构相似的生物碱类成分。通过分析该类结构在卷丹和百合中的分布,可知生物碱在百合中占明显优势,结合多元统计分析结果可将此类结构作为潜在的百合特征性成分群。
依据质谱信息及分子网络分析,从3个化学成分群中共鉴定出31个化学成分,如表2所示。
本研究基于UPLC-Q TOF MS结合多元统计及分子网络分析探讨卷丹及百合化学成分的差异。通过单因素分析、PCA及OPLS-DA筛选出2种药材的差异成分群。进而根据各化合物二级质谱的相似性,通过GNPS平台构建分子网络,解析二者化学成分簇的结构,探寻不同来源百合的潜在的差异标志物。
百合自古用法较多,包括生用(鲜用及干用)、炒用、蒸用等。其中,《金匮要论》《伤寒总病论》等皆有其鲜用的记载,其鲜品多以水煎煮入汤剂,如百合地黄汤中记载“以水洗百合,渍一宿,当白沫出,去其水,更以泉水二升,煎取一升”。为最大限度还原传统汤剂成分,且保证试验的精确性,故本研究采用回流提取法制备新鲜百合及卷丹样品。
前期研究发现卷丹及百合回流提取物中含有大量糖类等极性成分。此类成分在反相色谱中保留较差,且不易体现二者的差异性。文献报道卷丹和百合在酚酸甘油酯等非极性成分的种类及含量上存在差异,故本实验采用固相萃取法富集非极性成分。首先考察纯水、10%甲醇-水、20%甲醇-水对极性成分洗脱能力,结果发现与纯水和10%甲醇-水相比,20%甲醇-水能够最大限度去除极性成分的同时保留非极性目标成分。故最终采用20%甲醇-水作为洗脱剂除去非目标成分,并以100%甲醇对目标成分进行富集。
本研究收集的8批次百合分别产自江西和湖南两省,9批次卷丹分别产自湖南、湖北及江苏三省。通过PCA发现,百合和卷丹种间化学成分的差异明显大于种内差异。其中在8批次百合中,负离子模式下的PCA发现XXLY1(江西万载县)、XXLY10(湖南隆回县)、XXLY11(湖南隆回县)3批样品更为接近,推测湖南和江西地理环境会影响百合化学成分。在9批次卷丹样品中,除XXJD3(江苏宜兴)外,其他产地样品均聚合较为紧密,说明产地因素对卷丹化学成分未产生明显影响。同时,文献报道[21],湖南产卷丹为江苏宜兴引种品种,故两产地卷丹化学成分较为相近。但由于本次研究种内不同产地样品较少,未能全面说明产地对百合及卷丹化学成分的影响,故仍需进一步研究。
OPLS-DA结合单因素分析发现,百合和卷丹化学成分存在较大差异。根据差异成分的保留时间分布可知,差异成分主要存在于a、b和c 3个区域内。而通过分子网络的构建可知3个区域的成分群主要为酚酸甘油酯类、生物碱类及甾体皂苷类。其中,生物碱类和甾体皂苷类成分在卷丹和百合中差异较大。百合中含有一系列由含氮杂螺型甾体苷元和糖苷构成甾体糖苷类生物碱(化合物19~25),此类生物碱主要存在于茄科及百合科植物中[22],研究表明此类成分具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌等多种活性[23-25]。本研究发现此类成分在卷丹中含量甚微,可作为区别百合和卷丹的差异标志物群。卷丹中明显存在一系列螺甾皂苷类成分(化合物26~31),而此类成分在百合中仅微量存在,其可作为卷丹特异性标志物群。值得注意的是,以上甾体糖苷类生物碱与螺甾皂苷在母环结构上较为相似,主要差别在于生物碱的F环中以NH替代了螺甾皂苷的O(图7-A),说明二者生物合成过程较为相似。由于甾体糖苷类生物碱F环存在NH,也使其化学性质、生物学活性和螺甾皂苷发生的较大的变化,说明百合和卷丹在药理作用可能上存在一定差异[26]
虽然,百合和卷丹都作为药用百合被2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收录,现代药用中并未区分使用,但本研究表明二者在化学成分方面存在较大差异。而这些差异成分对于百合的品质,及其在复方中的功效和含百合复方临床疗效之间的关系还需进一步研究。总之,本研究为百合的合理利用及精准开发提供数据参考,也为中药化学成分表征及快速鉴别提供借鉴。
  • *河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A360004)
  • 河南省中医药科学研究专项课题重大专项(2022ZYZD18)
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2024年第44卷第10期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0747
  • 接收时间:2023-11-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-15
  • 出版时间:2024-10-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-22
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*河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A360004)
河南省中医药科学研究专项课题重大专项(2022ZYZD18)
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    1.河南中医药大学药学院,郑州 450046
    2.河南羚锐制药股份有限公司,信阳 465550
    3.河南中医药大学 呼吸病协同创新中心,郑州 450046

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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