Article(id=1239973084061561024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0759, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773562220826, onlineDateStr=2026-03-15, pubDate=1730304000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773562220826, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773562220826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773562220826, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239973077845603299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1647', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773562219344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773563041495, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1685, endPage=1698, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239973084309024982, articleId=1239973084061561024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on quality markers of Shenmai granules based on UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology*, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To predict the quality marker (Q-Marker) of Shenmai granules by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap/electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) and network pharmacology.

Methods:

The chromatography was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack gist C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water as the mobile phase with gradient elution and the mass spectrometry was scanned in positive and negative ion modes. Databases such as TCMSP,Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards were used to predict the core targets and construct the “composition-traget” network diagram to explore the Q-Marker of Shenmai granules.

Results:

A total of 71 compounds were identified,and 14 active components were screened as Q-Marker candidates for network pharmacological analysis. The results of network pharmacology indicated that ginsenoside Rf,ginsenoside Rg3,ginsenoside F2,methylophiopogonanone A,ophiopogonin C,ophiopogonin D,methylophiopogonone A,ophiopogonanone C,methylophiopogonone B,betaine,taraxerone,medicarpin and batatasin I might regulate and control protein activity and function by acting on the PI3K-Akt pathway,regulating protein phosphorylation reactions,thereby achieving the effect of Yangyin Shengjin production.

Conclusion:

This study elucidates the chemical composition of Shenmai granules,explores the mechanism of Shenmai granules in Yangyin Shengjin and predicts the Q-Marker through network pharmacology,laying the foundation for the improvement of the pharmacological substance foundation and quality standards of Shenmai granules.

, correspAuthors=Rong LEI, Yong-li LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-ru LIU, Rong LEI, Chun-qi CAO, Yong-li LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239973088041955689, articleId=1239973084061561024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基于UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS和网络药理学的参麦颗粒质量标志物研究*, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

采用超高效液相色谱-离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS)技术和网络药理学对参麦颗粒的质量标志物(Q-Marker)进行预测分析。

方法:

采用Shimadzu Shim-pack gist C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式扫描,利用TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、GeneCards等数据库进行靶点预测,构建“成分-靶点”网络图,探讨参麦颗粒的Q-Marker。

结果:

共鉴定出71个成分,筛选得到活性成分14个,将其作为Q-Marker候选成分进行网络药理学分析,结果表明人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷F2、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄酮A、麦冬黄烷酮C、甲基麦冬黄酮B、甜菜碱、蒲公英萜酮、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ可能通过作用于PI3K-Akt通路,调控蛋白磷酸化反应来调节和控制蛋白质的活力和功能,从而达到养阴生津的功效。

结论:

本研究阐明了参麦颗粒的化学成分,结合网络药理学探究参麦颗粒发挥养阴生津功效的作用机制并预测参麦颗粒的Q-Marker,为参麦颗粒的药效物质基础及质量标准的完善奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=雷蓉, 刘永利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 雷蓉 Tel:(0311)85212007;E-mail:
刘永利 Tel:(0311)69086006;E-mail:
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Identification of chemical constituents in Shenmai granules by UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
峰号
(peak No.)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
分子式
(molecular formula)
离子模式
(ion mode)
实测值
(experimental)
m/z
误差
(error)×10-6
成分
(component)
类别
(category)
归属
(attribute)
10.81C6H14N4O2[M+H]+175.122 674.676 9精氨酸(arginine)含氮类(nitrogen)均有(all)
20.83C5H9NO4[M-H]-146.044 890.724 0谷氨酸(glutamic acid)含氮类(nitrogen)均有(all)
30.85C4H6N4O3[M-H]-157.053 100.211 5尿囊素(allantoin)*含氮类(nitrogen)c
40.91C5H11NO2[M+H]+118.086 251.907 7甜菜碱(betaine)*含氮类(nitrogen)d
50.95C12H22O11[M-H]-341.108 930蔗糖(sucrose)糖类(saccharides)均有(all)
60.95C12H22O11[M-H]-341.108 931.468 5乳糖(lactose)糖类(saccharides)均有(all)
70.98C10H13N5O4[M+H]+268.109 682.107 4腺苷(adenosine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
81.72C5H5N5[M+H]+136.064 512.013 8腺嘌呤(adenine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
91.95C5H5N5O[M+H]+152.059 842.071 5鸟嘌呤(guanine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
105.42C9H11NO2[M+H]+166.086 260苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、c、d、e、f
119.81C51H84O23[M-H]-1 063.518 392.128 6原纤细薯蓣皂苷(protogracillin)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
1210.25C9H8O3[M-H]-163.038 700-0.835 24-香豆酸(4-hydroxycinnamic acid)*苯丙素类(phenylpropanoids)b
1311.36C27H30O16[M-H]-609.137 33-1.441 4芦丁(rutin)黄酮类(flavonoids)c
1412.47C56H94O28[M-H]-1 213.529 17-4.672 9西伯利亚蓼苷A(sibirioside A)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
1512.48C14H16O5[M+H]+265.107 053.682 3白花前胡醇(peucedanol)香豆素类(coumarins)f
1614.58C15H16O3[M-H]-243.120 537.346 6山药素Ⅲ(batatasin Ⅲ)二苯乙烯类(stilbene glucosides)c
1714.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 410.295 9拟人参皂苷F11(pseudoginsenoside F11*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
1814.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 410.818 3人参皂苷Rg1(ginsenoside Rg1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
1914.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 41-0.084 6人参皂苷Rf(ginsenoside Rf)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
2014.74C22H38O9[M+COOH]-493.222 38-6.694 3龙脑7-O-[β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(borneol 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside)*单萜类(monoterpenoids)b
2114.77C21H36O10[M+COOH]-493.229 05-0.765 2苍术苷A(atractyloside A)倍半萜类(sesquiterpenoids)b
2215.45C50H80O24[M-H]-1 063.515 261.747 1西伯利亚蓼苷B(sibirioside B)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
2315.74C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.119 57-1.460 9N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺(N-trans- feruloyltyramine)含氮类(nitrogen)e
2415.77C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.124 132.455 8去甲异波尔定(norisoboldine)含氮类(nitrogen)b、d
2515.77C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.124 133.961 2新木姜子碱(norboldine)含氮类(nitrogen)b、d
2616.61C13H18O7[M+Na]+309.094 471.792 2天麻素(gastrodin)酚类(phenols)a
2719.08C52H86O22[M-H]-1 061.501 95-4.884 3甲基原薯蓣皂苷(methyl protodioscin)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)c、e
2819.37C32H44N2O9[M-H]-599.297 401.923 1冉乌头碱(ranaconitine)含氮类(nitrogen)a
2919.38C54H92O23[M-H]-1 107.595 66-0.716 0人参皂苷Rb1(ginsenoside Rb1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3020.18C36H62O9[M+COOH]-683.437 591.148 8人参皂苷F1(ginsenoside F1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3120.18C36H62O9[M+COOH]-683.437 592.558 5(20R)-人参皂苷Rh1[(20R)- ginsenoside Rh1]*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3220.29C54H92O24[M-H]-1 123.590 583.296 8赛门苷Ⅰ(siamenoside Ⅰ)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3320.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 581.138 5人参皂苷Rc(ginsenoside Rc)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3420.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 582.927 0人参皂苷Rb3(ginsenoside Rb3*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3520.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 583.984 9人参皂苷Rb2(ginsenoside Rb2*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3620.30C45H76O19[M+Cl]-955.467 480.116 8知母皂苷B Ⅱ(timosaponin B Ⅱ)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
3720.30C48H76O19[M-H]-955.490 802.855 0人参皂苷Ro(ginsenoside Ro)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3821.20C44H70O18[M+COOH]-941.460 63-1.426 5麦冬皂苷C(ophiopogonin C)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
3921.38C48H82O18[M+COOH]-991.548 320.935 1人参皂苷Re(ginsenoside Re)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
4021.38C48H82O18[M+COOH]-991.548 32-0.340 8人参皂苷Rd(ginsenoside Rd)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
4121.47C10H12N4O5[M+H]+269.088 051.003 7肌苷(inosine)含氮类(nitrogen)c
4221.62C39H62O14[M+COOH]-799.399 17-1.487 3麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(ophiogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
4322.82C16H14O4[M-H]-269.078 22-1.378 7美迪紫檀素(medicarpin)黄酮类(flavonoids)c
4424.03C17H16O4[M-H]-283.057 461.417 1山药素Ⅰ(batatasin Ⅰ)二苯乙烯类(stibene glucosides)c
4524.08C39H62O13[M+COOH]-783.417 243.470 3重楼皂苷Ⅵ(polyphyllin Ⅵ)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
4624.24C41H62O13[M+Cl]-797.388 44-0.439 9苦玄参苷ⅠA(picfeltarraenin ⅠA)三萜类(triterpenoids)a、e
4724.97C19H18O6[M+H]+343.124 762.083 8甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(methylophiopogona-none A)*黄酮类(flavonoids)b
4825.31C18H18O5[M-H]-313.108 150.507 1卡瓦胡椒素A(flavokawain A)黄酮类(flavonoids)e
4925.75C42H66O14[M-H]-793.437 980.622 1通关藤苷H(tenacissoside H)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
5025.75C42H66O14[M-H]-793.437 982.328 4竹节参皂苷Ⅳa(chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5125.76C19H20O6[M-H]-343.118 710.354 4黄独素B(diosbulbin B)二萜类(diterpenoids)b
5226.04C20H20O4[M+Cl]-359.105 563.204 2光甘草定(glabridin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5326.04C20H20O4[M+Cl]-359.105 560.872 2补骨脂甲素(bavachin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5426.04C17H16O5[M+CH3COO]-359.113 632.851 24′,7-二甲基柚皮素(4′,7-di-O- methylnaringenin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5526.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 491.903 1人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg3*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5626.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 49-0.346 8人参皂苷Rg2(ginsenoside Rg2*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5726.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 492.694 0人参皂苷F2(ginsenoside F2三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5826.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 493.353 220(R)-人参皂苷Rg3[20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3]三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5926.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 492.743 220(R)-人参皂苷Rg2[20(R)-ginsen-oside Rg2]三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6026.48C30H48O[M+H]+425.386 411.123 4蒲公英萜酮(taraxerone)三萜类(triterpenoids)f
6126.67C42H66O16[M-H]-825.427 812.652 7商陆皂苷甲(esculentoside A)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6227.38C19H16O7[M+H]+357.104 522.339 6麦冬黄烷酮C(ophiopogonanone C)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6327.53C44H70O16[M+COOH]-899.464 591.980 9重楼皂苷Ⅰ(polyphyllin Ⅰ)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b、e
6427.53C44H70O16[M+COOH]-899.464 590.387 4麦冬皂苷D(ophiopogonin D)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
6529.95C17H34O2[M+COOH]-315.254 08-0.306 5棕榈酸甲酯(methyl hexadecanoate)脂肪族类(aliphatics)b
6630.43C42H70O12[M-H]-765.479 45-0.825 0人参皂苷Rk1(ginsenoside Rk1三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6730.47C19H16O6[M+H]+341.109 132.102 0甲基麦冬黄酮A(methylophiopogo-none A)*黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6830.91C19H18O5[M+H]+327.129 730.822 1甲基麦冬黄酮B(methylophiopogonone B)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6935.15C20H30O5[M-H]-349.202 051.475 0穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)二萜类(diterpenoids)a、b、d、e
7035.15C20H30O5[M-H]-349.202 053.688 517-羟基异千金二萜醇(17-hydroxyisolathyrol)二萜类(diterpenoids)a、b、d、e
7136.33C16H32O5[M+Cl]-339.194 38-0.891 1紫胶桐酸(aleuritic acid)脂肪族类(aliphatics)b、c、d、e、f
), ArticleFig(id=1239977439330357918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084061561024, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

参麦颗粒化学成分UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
峰号
(peak No.)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
分子式
(molecular formula)
离子模式
(ion mode)
实测值
(experimental)
m/z
误差
(error)×10-6
成分
(component)
类别
(category)
归属
(attribute)
10.81C6H14N4O2[M+H]+175.122 674.676 9精氨酸(arginine)含氮类(nitrogen)均有(all)
20.83C5H9NO4[M-H]-146.044 890.724 0谷氨酸(glutamic acid)含氮类(nitrogen)均有(all)
30.85C4H6N4O3[M-H]-157.053 100.211 5尿囊素(allantoin)*含氮类(nitrogen)c
40.91C5H11NO2[M+H]+118.086 251.907 7甜菜碱(betaine)*含氮类(nitrogen)d
50.95C12H22O11[M-H]-341.108 930蔗糖(sucrose)糖类(saccharides)均有(all)
60.95C12H22O11[M-H]-341.108 931.468 5乳糖(lactose)糖类(saccharides)均有(all)
70.98C10H13N5O4[M+H]+268.109 682.107 4腺苷(adenosine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
81.72C5H5N5[M+H]+136.064 512.013 8腺嘌呤(adenine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
91.95C5H5N5O[M+H]+152.059 842.071 5鸟嘌呤(guanine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、e
105.42C9H11NO2[M+H]+166.086 260苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)含氮类(nitrogen)a、b、c、d、e、f
119.81C51H84O23[M-H]-1 063.518 392.128 6原纤细薯蓣皂苷(protogracillin)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
1210.25C9H8O3[M-H]-163.038 700-0.835 24-香豆酸(4-hydroxycinnamic acid)*苯丙素类(phenylpropanoids)b
1311.36C27H30O16[M-H]-609.137 33-1.441 4芦丁(rutin)黄酮类(flavonoids)c
1412.47C56H94O28[M-H]-1 213.529 17-4.672 9西伯利亚蓼苷A(sibirioside A)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
1512.48C14H16O5[M+H]+265.107 053.682 3白花前胡醇(peucedanol)香豆素类(coumarins)f
1614.58C15H16O3[M-H]-243.120 537.346 6山药素Ⅲ(batatasin Ⅲ)二苯乙烯类(stilbene glucosides)c
1714.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 410.295 9拟人参皂苷F11(pseudoginsenoside F11*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
1814.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 410.818 3人参皂苷Rg1(ginsenoside Rg1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
1914.72C42H72O14[M+COOH]-845.490 41-0.084 6人参皂苷Rf(ginsenoside Rf)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
2014.74C22H38O9[M+COOH]-493.222 38-6.694 3龙脑7-O-[β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(borneol 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside)*单萜类(monoterpenoids)b
2114.77C21H36O10[M+COOH]-493.229 05-0.765 2苍术苷A(atractyloside A)倍半萜类(sesquiterpenoids)b
2215.45C50H80O24[M-H]-1 063.515 261.747 1西伯利亚蓼苷B(sibirioside B)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)e
2315.74C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.119 57-1.460 9N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺(N-trans- feruloyltyramine)含氮类(nitrogen)e
2415.77C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.124 132.455 8去甲异波尔定(norisoboldine)含氮类(nitrogen)b、d
2515.77C18H19NO4[M-H]-312.124 133.961 2新木姜子碱(norboldine)含氮类(nitrogen)b、d
2616.61C13H18O7[M+Na]+309.094 471.792 2天麻素(gastrodin)酚类(phenols)a
2719.08C52H86O22[M-H]-1 061.501 95-4.884 3甲基原薯蓣皂苷(methyl protodioscin)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)c、e
2819.37C32H44N2O9[M-H]-599.297 401.923 1冉乌头碱(ranaconitine)含氮类(nitrogen)a
2919.38C54H92O23[M-H]-1 107.595 66-0.716 0人参皂苷Rb1(ginsenoside Rb1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3020.18C36H62O9[M+COOH]-683.437 591.148 8人参皂苷F1(ginsenoside F1*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3120.18C36H62O9[M+COOH]-683.437 592.558 5(20R)-人参皂苷Rh1[(20R)- ginsenoside Rh1]*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3220.29C54H92O24[M-H]-1 123.590 583.296 8赛门苷Ⅰ(siamenoside Ⅰ)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3320.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 581.138 5人参皂苷Rc(ginsenoside Rc)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3420.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 582.927 0人参皂苷Rb3(ginsenoside Rb3*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3520.29C53H90O22[M+COOH]-1 123.590 583.984 9人参皂苷Rb2(ginsenoside Rb2*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3620.30C45H76O19[M+Cl]-955.467 480.116 8知母皂苷B Ⅱ(timosaponin B Ⅱ)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
3720.30C48H76O19[M-H]-955.490 802.855 0人参皂苷Ro(ginsenoside Ro)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
3821.20C44H70O18[M+COOH]-941.460 63-1.426 5麦冬皂苷C(ophiopogonin C)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
3921.38C48H82O18[M+COOH]-991.548 320.935 1人参皂苷Re(ginsenoside Re)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
4021.38C48H82O18[M+COOH]-991.548 32-0.340 8人参皂苷Rd(ginsenoside Rd)*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
4121.47C10H12N4O5[M+H]+269.088 051.003 7肌苷(inosine)含氮类(nitrogen)c
4221.62C39H62O14[M+COOH]-799.399 17-1.487 3麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(ophiogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
4322.82C16H14O4[M-H]-269.078 22-1.378 7美迪紫檀素(medicarpin)黄酮类(flavonoids)c
4424.03C17H16O4[M-H]-283.057 461.417 1山药素Ⅰ(batatasin Ⅰ)二苯乙烯类(stibene glucosides)c
4524.08C39H62O13[M+COOH]-783.417 243.470 3重楼皂苷Ⅵ(polyphyllin Ⅵ)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
4624.24C41H62O13[M+Cl]-797.388 44-0.439 9苦玄参苷ⅠA(picfeltarraenin ⅠA)三萜类(triterpenoids)a、e
4724.97C19H18O6[M+H]+343.124 762.083 8甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(methylophiopogona-none A)*黄酮类(flavonoids)b
4825.31C18H18O5[M-H]-313.108 150.507 1卡瓦胡椒素A(flavokawain A)黄酮类(flavonoids)e
4925.75C42H66O14[M-H]-793.437 980.622 1通关藤苷H(tenacissoside H)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)a
5025.75C42H66O14[M-H]-793.437 982.328 4竹节参皂苷Ⅳa(chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5125.76C19H20O6[M-H]-343.118 710.354 4黄独素B(diosbulbin B)二萜类(diterpenoids)b
5226.04C20H20O4[M+Cl]-359.105 563.204 2光甘草定(glabridin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5326.04C20H20O4[M+Cl]-359.105 560.872 2补骨脂甲素(bavachin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5426.04C17H16O5[M+CH3COO]-359.113 632.851 24′,7-二甲基柚皮素(4′,7-di-O- methylnaringenin)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
5526.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 491.903 1人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg3*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5626.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 49-0.346 8人参皂苷Rg2(ginsenoside Rg2*三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5726.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 492.694 0人参皂苷F2(ginsenoside F2三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5826.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 493.353 220(R)-人参皂苷Rg3[20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3]三萜类(triterpenoids)a
5926.47C42H72O13[M+COOH]-829.495 492.743 220(R)-人参皂苷Rg2[20(R)-ginsen-oside Rg2]三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6026.48C30H48O[M+H]+425.386 411.123 4蒲公英萜酮(taraxerone)三萜类(triterpenoids)f
6126.67C42H66O16[M-H]-825.427 812.652 7商陆皂苷甲(esculentoside A)三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6227.38C19H16O7[M+H]+357.104 522.339 6麦冬黄烷酮C(ophiopogonanone C)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6327.53C44H70O16[M+COOH]-899.464 591.980 9重楼皂苷Ⅰ(polyphyllin Ⅰ)甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b、e
6427.53C44H70O16[M+COOH]-899.464 590.387 4麦冬皂苷D(ophiopogonin D)*甾体及皂苷类(steroids)b
6529.95C17H34O2[M+COOH]-315.254 08-0.306 5棕榈酸甲酯(methyl hexadecanoate)脂肪族类(aliphatics)b
6630.43C42H70O12[M-H]-765.479 45-0.825 0人参皂苷Rk1(ginsenoside Rk1三萜类(triterpenoids)a
6730.47C19H16O6[M+H]+341.109 132.102 0甲基麦冬黄酮A(methylophiopogo-none A)*黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6830.91C19H18O5[M+H]+327.129 730.822 1甲基麦冬黄酮B(methylophiopogonone B)黄酮类(flavonoids)b
6935.15C20H30O5[M-H]-349.202 051.475 0穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)二萜类(diterpenoids)a、b、d、e
7035.15C20H30O5[M-H]-349.202 053.688 517-羟基异千金二萜醇(17-hydroxyisolathyrol)二萜类(diterpenoids)a、b、d、e
7136.33C16H32O5[M+Cl]-339.194 38-0.891 1紫胶桐酸(aleuritic acid)脂肪族类(aliphatics)b、c、d、e、f
), ArticleFig(id=1239977439422632609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084061561024, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Active ingredient information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
口服生物利用度
(oral bioavailability,OB)/%
药物类药性
(drug-likeliss,DL)
分子式
(molecular formula)
归属
(ownership)
尿囊素(allantoin)96.90.03C4H6N4O3c
甜菜碱(betaine)24.80.55C5H11NO2d
甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(methylophiopogonanone A)----C19H18O6b
人参皂苷Rf(ginsenoside Rf)17.740.24C42H72O14a
麦冬皂苷C(ophiopogonin C)----C46H72O17b
美迪紫檀素(medicarpin)49.220.34C16H14O4c
山药素Ⅰ(batatasin Ⅰ)23.70.27C16H14O4c
人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg312.430.22C42H72O13a
人参皂苷F2(ginsenoside F236.430.25C42H72O13a
蒲公英萜酮(taraxerone)12.90.77C30H48Of
麦冬皂苷D(ophiopogonin D)----C44H70O16b
甲基麦冬黄酮A(methylophiopogonone A)----C19H16O6b
麦冬黄烷酮C(ophiopogonanone C)----C18H16O6b
甲基麦冬黄酮B(methylophiopogonone B)----C19H18O5b
), ArticleFig(id=1239977439514907303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973084061561024, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

活性成分信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
口服生物利用度
(oral bioavailability,OB)/%
药物类药性
(drug-likeliss,DL)
分子式
(molecular formula)
归属
(ownership)
尿囊素(allantoin)96.90.03C4H6N4O3c
甜菜碱(betaine)24.80.55C5H11NO2d
甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(methylophiopogonanone A)----C19H18O6b
人参皂苷Rf(ginsenoside Rf)17.740.24C42H72O14a
麦冬皂苷C(ophiopogonin C)----C46H72O17b
美迪紫檀素(medicarpin)49.220.34C16H14O4c
山药素Ⅰ(batatasin Ⅰ)23.70.27C16H14O4c
人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg312.430.22C42H72O13a
人参皂苷F2(ginsenoside F236.430.25C42H72O13a
蒲公英萜酮(taraxerone)12.90.77C30H48Of
麦冬皂苷D(ophiopogonin D)----C44H70O16b
甲基麦冬黄酮A(methylophiopogonone A)----C19H16O6b
麦冬黄烷酮C(ophiopogonanone C)----C18H16O6b
甲基麦冬黄酮B(methylophiopogonone B)----C19H18O5b
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基于UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS和网络药理学的参麦颗粒质量标志物研究*
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刘亚茹 1, 2 , 雷蓉 2, ** , 曹春琪 2 , 刘永利 1, 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(10): 1685-1698
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(10): 1685-1698
基于UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS和网络药理学的参麦颗粒质量标志物研究*
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刘亚茹1, 2 , 雷蓉2, ** , 曹春琪2, 刘永利1, 2, **
作者信息
  • 1.河北医科大学,石家庄 050017
  • 2.河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院 河北省中药质量评价与标准研究重点实验室,石家庄 050227
  • Tel:15630152393;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 雷蓉 Tel:(0311)85212007;E-mail:
刘永利 Tel:(0311)69086006;E-mail:
Study on quality markers of Shenmai granules based on UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology*
Ya-ru LIU1, 2 , Rong LEI2, ** , Chun-qi CAO2, Yong-li LIU1, 2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • 2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Evaluation and Standard Research, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050227, China
出版时间: 2024-10-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0759
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目的:

采用超高效液相色谱-离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS)技术和网络药理学对参麦颗粒的质量标志物(Q-Marker)进行预测分析。

方法:

采用Shimadzu Shim-pack gist C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式扫描,利用TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、GeneCards等数据库进行靶点预测,构建“成分-靶点”网络图,探讨参麦颗粒的Q-Marker。

结果:

共鉴定出71个成分,筛选得到活性成分14个,将其作为Q-Marker候选成分进行网络药理学分析,结果表明人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷F2、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄酮A、麦冬黄烷酮C、甲基麦冬黄酮B、甜菜碱、蒲公英萜酮、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ可能通过作用于PI3K-Akt通路,调控蛋白磷酸化反应来调节和控制蛋白质的活力和功能,从而达到养阴生津的功效。

结论:

本研究阐明了参麦颗粒的化学成分,结合网络药理学探究参麦颗粒发挥养阴生津功效的作用机制并预测参麦颗粒的Q-Marker,为参麦颗粒的药效物质基础及质量标准的完善奠定基础。

参麦颗粒  /  超高效液相色谱-离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱  /  化学成分  /  网络药理学  /  作用机制  /  质量标志物
Objective:

To predict the quality marker (Q-Marker) of Shenmai granules by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap/electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS) and network pharmacology.

Methods:

The chromatography was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack gist C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water as the mobile phase with gradient elution and the mass spectrometry was scanned in positive and negative ion modes. Databases such as TCMSP,Swiss Target Prediction and GeneCards were used to predict the core targets and construct the “composition-traget” network diagram to explore the Q-Marker of Shenmai granules.

Results:

A total of 71 compounds were identified,and 14 active components were screened as Q-Marker candidates for network pharmacological analysis. The results of network pharmacology indicated that ginsenoside Rf,ginsenoside Rg3,ginsenoside F2,methylophiopogonanone A,ophiopogonin C,ophiopogonin D,methylophiopogonone A,ophiopogonanone C,methylophiopogonone B,betaine,taraxerone,medicarpin and batatasin I might regulate and control protein activity and function by acting on the PI3K-Akt pathway,regulating protein phosphorylation reactions,thereby achieving the effect of Yangyin Shengjin production.

Conclusion:

This study elucidates the chemical composition of Shenmai granules,explores the mechanism of Shenmai granules in Yangyin Shengjin and predicts the Q-Marker through network pharmacology,laying the foundation for the improvement of the pharmacological substance foundation and quality standards of Shenmai granules.

Shenmai granules  /  UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS  /  chemical composition  /  network pharmacology  /  mechanism  /  Q-Marker
刘亚茹, 雷蓉, 曹春琪, 刘永利. 基于UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS和网络药理学的参麦颗粒质量标志物研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1685 -1698 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0759
Ya-ru LIU, Rong LEI, Chun-qi CAO, Yong-li LIU. Study on quality markers of Shenmai granules based on UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1685 -1698 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0759
参麦颗粒是由红参、麦冬、南沙参、黄精、山药、枸杞子6味药所制的淡黄棕色颗粒,味甜、微酸,具有养阴生津的功效,临床上用于治疗津少口渴、食欲不振、神经衰弱等症状[1]。暂无相关文献报道参麦颗粒的现代药理学作用。参麦颗粒收载于《中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准》中药成方制剂第十三册,质量标准较为简单,现阶段对参麦颗粒的研究仅有工艺制备以及含量测定方面,其物质基础不够明确,有效成分及作用机制尚不清楚。超高效液相色谱-离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS)同时具有液相色谱高分离和质谱高选择、高灵敏度的特征,并且可以提供丰富的结构信息,被广泛应用于中药复杂成分的分析及鉴定中[2-5]
刘昌孝院士于2016年提出了质量标志物(Quality marker,Q-Marker)的概念,在建立中药质量标准体系的过程中,应充分考虑到中药的特性,结合系统论和控制论的理论,进行综合评价。网络药理学基于中药“多成分、多靶点”的作用特点,能在分子水平上通过实验手段阐明其作用机制,已被广泛应用于单味药及复方药治疗疾病的物质基础和多靶点作用机制预测。因此,本研究拟采用UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS技术对参麦颗粒进行物质基础研究,结合网络药理学分析参麦颗粒的活性成分、关键靶点及信号通路,从而预测与参麦颗粒临床功效相关的Q-Marker,为参麦颗粒质量标准建立提供参考。
UltiMate 3000超高效液相色谱仪(PDA检测器),Thermo公司;超高压液相色谱-离子阱静电场轨道阱质谱联用仪(配备DionexUltiMate 3000UHPLC,LTQ Orbitrap),Thermo公司;XPE26电子天平(0.001 mg)、XS105DU电子天平(0.01 mg),METTLER TOLEDO公司;KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗器,昆山市超声仪器有限公司;Milli-Q超纯水制备系统,Millipore公司。
对照品拟人参皂苷F11(批号110841-201607,纯度99.5%)、人参皂苷Rf(批号111713-201505)、人参皂苷Ro(批号111903-202106,纯度95.0%)、人参皂苷Rb1(批号110704-202028,纯度93.1%)、人参皂苷Rg1(批号110703-202034,纯度94.0%)、人参皂苷Re(批号110754-202028,纯度93.9%)、人参皂苷Rd(批号111818-202104,纯度97.3%)、人参皂苷Rb2(批号111715-201203,纯度93.8%)、人参皂苷Rb3(批号111686-201504,纯度97.0%)、人参皂苷Rg2(批号111779-200801)、人参皂苷Rg3(批号110804-201504,纯度99.5%)、尿囊素(批号111501-202202,纯度100.0%)、甜菜碱(批号110894-202105,纯度100.0%)、重楼皂苷Ⅵ(批号111861-202203,纯度94.0%)、麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(批号128502-94-3,纯度98.0%)、龙脑7-O-[β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(批号111713-201505,纯度≥98.0%)购自中国食品药品检定研究院,人参皂苷Rc(纯度HPLC≥98%)、人参皂苷Rh1(纯度HPLC≥98%)购自上海抚生实业有限公司,甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(批号DST220228-215,纯度98.0%)、麦冬皂苷D(批号DST220228-226,纯度98.0%)、麦冬皂苷C(批号DST220228-227,纯度98.0%)、甲基麦冬高黄酮A(批号DST220228-229,纯度≥98.0%)购自成都曼思特生物科技有限公司。参麦颗粒样品(批号202108014,25 g·袋-1)。甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯,Merck公司),三氟乙酸(色谱纯,天津化学有限公司),水为超纯水。
取参麦颗粒样品(批号202108014)约5.0 g,研细,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入水20 mL,密塞,超声处理(功率700 W,频率80 kHz)30 min,取出,放冷,滤过,取续滤液10 mL,加在C18固相萃取小柱(1 g,容量为6 mL,预先用甲醇6 mL、水6 mL洗脱)上,用水15 mL洗脱,放置5 min,继用甲醇15 mL洗脱,收集甲醇洗脱液,浓缩蒸干,用2 mL甲醇定容,用0.22 μm滤膜滤过,即得。
精密称取各对照品适量,分别置于100 mL量瓶中,加入甲醇定容,配制各对照品溶液(拟人参皂苷F11 34.4 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rf 35.55 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rb1 36.78 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rg1 37.56 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Re 36.98 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rd 38.51 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rb2 38.01 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rb3 35.12 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rg2 38.97 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rc 33.46 μg·mL-1、人参皂苷Rh1 42.11 μg·mL-1);精密称取人参皂苷Rg3对照品适量,置于250 mL量瓶中,加入甲醇定容,配制17.508 μg·mL-1人参皂苷Rg3溶液;精密称取各对照品适量,置50 mL量瓶中,加甲醇定容,配制各对照品溶液(人参皂苷Ro 95 μg·mL-1、麦冬皂苷D 145.843 6 μg·mL-1、麦冬皂苷C 51.136 4 μg·mL-1、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A 108.035 2 μg·mL-1、甲基麦冬高黄酮A 57.5 μg·mL-1、尿囊素95.26 μg·mL-1、重楼皂苷VI 62.82 μg·mL-1、4-香豆酸234.2487 μg·mL-1、甜菜碱62.84 μg·mL-1)。精密称取麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、龙脑7-O-[β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷对照品适量,分别置于25 mL量瓶中,加甲醇定容,配制160.288 8 μg·mL-1的麦冬苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷溶液和69.227 2 μg·mL-1的龙脑7-O-[β-D-呋喃芹菜糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷溶液。
采用Shimadzu Shim-pack gist C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,22%A→25%A;10~27 min,25%A→30%A;27~40 min,30%A→35%A;40~54 min,35%A→38%A;54~80 min,38%A→50%A;80~90 min,50%A→90%A),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量2 μL。
电喷雾离子源(ESI),正、负离子模式下采集数据,2种模式采集条件均为离子源温度350 ℃,毛细管温度320 ℃,鞘气流速35 L·h-1,辅助气流速10 L·h-1,喷雾电压4 kV,毛细管电压35 V,管透镜电压110 V,样品先进行全扫描,分辨率3万,扫描范围m/z 150~2 000,二级质谱采用动态数据依赖性扫描(DDS),选取一级质谱丰度前六强的峰进行碰撞诱导解离(CID)碎片扫描,以离子阱打拿极(dynode)检测。
取供试品溶液,连续进样4次计算各特征峰面积的RSD,RSD≤30%的离子占92.13%,表明方法精密度良好。取样品,按“2.1.1.1”项方法平行制备4份供试品溶液,进样测定,RSD≤30%的离子占86.99%,表明方法重复性良好;供试品溶液在不同时间(0、2、4、8、12、24 h)进样测定,测得RSD≤30%的离子占85.43%,表明方法稳定性良好。
采用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨质谱技术对参麦颗粒中的化学成分进行定性分析,在查阅文献基础上结合在线mzCloudTM谱库和mzVault谱库进行谱库搜索,对色谱峰进行提取和初步预测,再通过对照品比对以及参考文献中碎片离子信息等来进一步确定化合物信息。通过正、负离子模式扫描,从参麦颗粒中共提取鉴定出71个成分,总离子流图见图1。其中包括萜类化合物(三萜、二萜、单帖、倍半萜)28个,主要为三萜皂苷类,来源于红参;黄酮类成分10个,主要来源于麦冬;甾体及皂苷类成分11个,主要来源于黄精、麦冬、山药;含氮类成分13个,包括嘌呤、氨基酸、生物碱及核苷;其他类成分9个。结果见表1
对参麦颗粒中提取、鉴定出的71个化合物,包括萜类、黄酮类、含氮类、甾体及皂苷等成分,根据化合物类别进行部分典型峰解析。
从参麦颗粒中共提取、鉴定出28个萜类成分,其中有24个成分来自于红参,并且绝大多数成分为人参皂苷,人参皂苷为红参中的主要活性成分,如人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Ro、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re等具有抗肺气虚、抗哮喘、补气生津的作用[6-7]。以29号峰为例,在负离子模式下,一级质谱表明[M-H]-m/z为1 107.595 66,元素组成为C54H91O23(误差为0.716 0),在二级质谱图谱中碎片离子峰丰度较高的是m/z为945.529 54和783.479 19的碎片离子,推测准分子离子丢失一分子葡萄糖得到m/z 945.539 12 [M-H-Glc]-的碎片,继续丢失一分子葡萄糖得到m/z 783.487 00[M-H-2Glc]-的碎片,经对照品比对确定为人参皂苷Rb1。二级质谱图见图2
参麦颗粒中黄酮类成分,大部分来源于麦冬药材,包括黄酮及其苷类、二氢黄酮类、异黄酮类、查尔酮类。黄酮及其苷类在裂解过程中容易丢失与环相连的取代基以及发生母核的开裂及重排[8]。以47号峰的化合物为例,在正离子模式下,一级质谱表明[M+H]+m/z为343.124 76,元素组成为C19H18O6(误差为2.083 8),准分子离子丢失一分子H2O和一分子C8H8O2得到m/z 325.113 71[M+H-H2O]+m/z 207.069 53 [M+H-C8H8O2]+的碎片离子,m/z 325.113 71[M+H-H2O]+的碎片离子继而丢失一分子C12H10O2得到m/z 135.046 81 [M+H-H2O-C12H10O2]+的碎片离子,m/z 207.069 53[M+H-C8H8O2]+的碎片离子继而丢失一分子H2O得到m/z 189.058 52[M+H-C8H8O2-H2O]+的碎片离子。结合文献报道[9-10]及特征离子碎片推测其可能为甲基麦冬黄烷酮A,裂解过程如图3
参麦颗粒中甾体及皂苷类成分,主要来源于黄精、麦冬、山药药材。甾体皂苷根据F环的环合状态以及碳25的构型将螺甾烷类分为螺甾烷醇类(C25S)、异螺甾烷醇(C25R)类和呋甾烷醇型[11-13],以27号峰的化合物为例,在负离子模式下,一级质谱表明[M-H]-m/z为1 061.501 95,元素组成为C52H86O22(误差为-4.884 3),准分子离子丢失一分子葡萄糖得到m/z 899.452 15 [M-H-Glc]-的碎片离子,继而又丢失一分子葡萄糖得到m/z 737.401 37[M-H-2Glc]-的碎片离子,结合文献报道及特征离子碎片推测其可能为甲基原薯蓣皂苷,裂解过程如图4
参麦颗粒中含氮类成分,来源于红参、麦冬、南沙参、黄精、山药、枸杞子6味药材,包括嘌呤、氨基酸、生物碱及核苷等类型。含氮类化合物在裂解时大部分以N原子为中心,朝中心苯环方向逐步裂解,易丢失H2O、NH3、CONH2等分子[14]。以10号峰的化合物为例,在正离子模式下,一级质谱表明[M+H]+m/z为166.086 26,元素组成为C9H11NO2(误差为2.071 5),准分子离子丢失NH3和COOH后得到m/z 149.059 71 [M+H-NH3]+m/z 120.080 78[M+H-COOH]+的碎片离子,m/z 149.059 71[M+H-NH3]+的碎片离子继而丢失一分子H2O得到m/z 131.049 14 [M+H-NH3-H2O]+的离子碎片。结合文献报道及特征离子碎片推测其可能为苯丙氨酸,裂解过程如图5
将鉴定出的化学成分导入TCMSP数据库中,设置ADME参数,通过设置口服生物利用度(OB)≥20%,药物类药性(DL)≥0.03初步筛选活性成分,结合相关文献报道6味药材发挥药效的活性成分,最终整合得到参麦颗粒的候选活性成分15个,其中包括尿囊素、甜菜碱、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ、人参皂苷F2以及嘌呤、氨基酸、生物碱及核苷等含氮类成分。其中嘌呤、氨基酸、生物碱及核苷广泛存在于各味药材中,尚未有报道其在治疗气阴两虚方面的作用,因此不考虑这些成分为参麦颗粒的活性成分。通过查阅文献,屈文佳等[15]测定了红参中Rg3等6个稀有皂苷类成分,杨乾方等[16]总结了人参皂苷Rg3的药理作用,其中包括抗疲劳等。姚宝林等[17]提到人参皂苷Rf是人参的特征性成分。甾体皂苷和高异黄酮类是麦冬中的主要活性成分,既可以润肺养阴,又可以补益心气[18-19]。蒲公英萜酮为南沙参中的三萜类成分,具有养阴清肺,益胃生津的功效[20]。最终从已鉴定的参麦颗粒中共整合得到14个活性成分,见表2
通过PubChem数据库获取参麦颗粒活性成分的Canonical SMILES,导入Swiss Target Prediction网站进行活性成分靶点预测,同时利用TCMSP数据库进行靶点预测,将二者结果合并去重得到参麦颗粒活性成分靶点。
以“deficiency of both qi and yin”为检索词,在GeneCards数据库中检索,选取GeneCards数据库中相关性分数>10的靶点作为疾病预测靶点。利用韦恩图取活性成分与疾病的交集靶点进行分析。筛选得到活性成分靶点373个,气阴两虚疾病靶点538个,绘制成分靶点与疾病靶点交集韦恩图,见图6,取交集后共得到66个共有靶点。
将共有靶点导入STRING 11.0软件,设置参数:物种选择为“homo sapiens”,最低要求的交互置信度选择“0.4”,不显示网络中的单一节点,其余参数保持不变,得到靶点之间的相互作用表格,将其导入cytoscape3.7.1软件,绘制PPI网络图,共包含66个节点,571条边。运用CytoNCA插件将靶点大小按照自由度(degree)进行排序,自由度越大,形状越大,表明靶点所连接的靶点数目越多。其中,TNF、CASP3、STAT3、ESR1、MTOR、IFNG、SRC、PTGS2、JAK2、MMP9等靶点的度值较高,为核心作用靶点,见图7
将66个共有靶点导入DAVID数据库,进行参数设置,标识符为“OFFICIAL GENE SYMBOL”,物种和背景为“Homo sapiens”,进行GO功能富集分析,得到生物过程(Biological Process,BP)条目318个,细胞组成(Cell Composition,CC)条目41个,分子功能(Molecular Function,MF)条目69个,以P值排序,分别选取BP、CC、MF的前10条通路进行可视化处理,运用Bioinformatics在线分析软件绘制三合一柱状图,见图8。结果表明,共有靶点参与蛋白磷酸化过程,对蛋白激酶B、肽基酪氨酸磷酸化、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等进行正向调控,作用于细胞膜、细胞质、膜囊泡等,参与了ATP结合、血红素结合、蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性、蛋白丝氨酸及苏氨酸激酶活性等分子功能。为了进一步探讨参麦颗粒靶点所参与的信号通路,对共有靶点进行KEGG分析并绘制气泡图,见图9。共同靶点通过介导细胞分化、病毒感染、PI3K-Akt信号通路等过程进行调控。
将参麦颗粒活性成分以及疾病和成分的共有靶点导入cytoscape3.7.1软件绘制“成分-共有靶点”网络,将得到的14个成分、66个共有靶点导入分析,如图10所示。由图可知,尿囊素与靶点之间的关联较少,人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷F2、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄酮A、麦冬黄烷酮C、甲基麦冬黄酮B、甜菜碱、蒲公英萜酮、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ与靶点关联较为紧密,因此该13个成分可能是参麦颗粒治疗气阴两虚的主要活性成分,可作为参麦颗粒的潜在质量标志物。
参麦颗粒由古方生脉散演变而来,生脉散由人参、麦冬、五味子组成,而参麦颗粒用红参替代人参,其温补作用更强,在保留麦冬药味的基础上加入了南沙参、黄精、山药和枸杞子4味药材,使其养阴补气的效果更加明显,而减弱了五味子敛肺止汗的功效[21]。其中红参作为君药,自古拥有“滋阴补肾,扶正固本”的盛名[22],麦冬和南沙参为臣药,用于养阴清肺、益胃生津、补虚益气[23],黄精、山药和枸杞子为佐药,具有补脾养胃、健脾润肺、补肾滋阴等功效。如此配伍使得参麦颗粒具有养阴生津的功效,用于津少口渴、食欲不振、神经衰弱、心悸气短等症状[24-25]。网络药理学筛选出参麦颗粒13个主要活性成分,在君药红参中以人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3和人参皂苷F2为主药化学成分,臣药麦冬和南沙参中以甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄酮A、麦冬黄烷酮C、甲基麦冬黄酮B、蒲公英萜酮为辅药,佐药黄精、山药和枸杞子中以甜菜碱、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ为辅药。根据“君臣佐使”配伍原则,参麦颗粒中各成分发挥药效重要程度为君药(人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3和人参皂苷F2)>臣药(甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D、甲基麦冬黄酮A、麦冬黄烷酮C、甲基麦冬黄酮B、蒲公英萜酮)>佐药(甜菜碱、美迪紫檀素、山药素Ⅰ)。
参麦颗粒具有养阴生津的功效,用于津少口渴、食欲不振、神经衰弱、心悸气短等症状。网络药理学结果显示,参麦颗粒主要涉及66个共有靶点,通过参与蛋白磷酸化过程,介导细胞分化、影响PI3K-Akt信号通路,调节和控制蛋白质的活力和功能,为细胞的生命活动提供能量,从而可以达到养阴生津的功效。研究发现人参皂苷Rg3通过激活蛋白激酶Aα(PKAα)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK 1/2)、Akt信号通路,降低TH的表达和磷酸化水平,改善疲劳[26];人参皂苷F2可通过影响PDK1/AKT/IκB-α/NF-κB途径发挥抗炎作用,提高细胞活力[27];人参皂苷Rf具有抗炎、抗氧化应激、神经保护等作用,可以很好的治疗神经衰弱等症状[28]。李德坤等[29]对麦冬能量代谢调节作用及抗缺氧作用进行研究,发现麦冬皂苷类成分可以提高细胞活力、改善细胞形态;田洪霞等[30]对麦冬黄酮纯化工艺进行研究,发现麦冬中黄酮类成分可以很好改善小鼠的运动疲劳;Chen等[31]研究发现蒲公英萜酮具有抗肺纤维化和抗氧化应激的作用,可以达到补肺气,养肺阴的功效;甜菜碱可以通过酶性和非酶性抗氧化系统和抗炎机制发挥神经保护作用[32];赖克道等[33]对美迪紫檀素药理作用进行综述,具有保肝护胃、抗炎抑菌、神经保护等作用;山药素具有强身健体的功效,还可以滋肾益精[34]。综上,网络药理学筛选出的13个活性成分均具有较好的药理活性,可作为参麦颗粒潜在的质量标志物。
人参蒸制为红参的过程中,皂苷类成分发生转化,产生稀有人参皂苷如人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷F2等,稀有人参皂苷仅存在于红参、黑参等炮制人参中[35],人参皂苷Rf是人参的特征性成分[36-37]。本课题组通过UPLC-MS法测定了参麦颗粒中人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3等14个皂苷类成分的含量。谈梦霞[38]等研究发现甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B、麦冬皂苷D是麦冬主要的差异性成分。本课题组通过UPLC-MS法测定了麦冬中甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B等8个成分[39],刘斌等[40]通过UPLC-MS/MS测定麦冬配方颗粒中甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B、麦冬皂苷C、麦冬皂苷D的含量。南沙参中糖类成分以及甾体类成分(β-谷甾醇、胡萝卜苷等)在多数植物中普遍存在,不能代表南沙参的特异性成分,因此通过测定南沙参中三萜类成分(乙酸环阿屯酯、蒲公英萜酮等)来评价南沙参的质量[20],Du等[41]测定了沙参中乙酸环阿屯酯、蒲公英萜酮、羽扇豆烯酮等成分。甜菜碱为其他植物中较少见的成分,是枸杞子发挥药理作用的物质基础,也是药典记载的枸杞子含量测定指标成分[42],朱金花等[43]通过高效液相色谱法测定怀山药中4个山药素的含量。由上述可知人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷D、蒲公英萜酮、甜菜碱、山药素Ⅰ 7个成分满足可测性和特有性的要求。
综上,本研究通过成分的有效性、可测性、特有性和配伍4个方面将人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷D、蒲公英萜酮、甜菜碱、山药素Ⅰ 7个成分作为参麦颗粒的质量标志物。
本研究基于“君臣佐使”配伍原则以及文献检索考证,以物质基础筛查、网络药理学研究为手段逐步分析参麦颗粒的化学成分。利用UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS从参麦颗粒中提取鉴定出71个成分,进一步通过网络药理学筛选出13个主要活性成分作为潜在的质量标志物。通过成分有效性、可测性、特有性以及配伍方面初步确定人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rg3、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A、麦冬皂苷D、蒲公英萜酮、甜菜碱、山药素Ⅰ 7个成分作为参麦颗粒的质量标志物,为参麦颗粒的药效物质基础研究及质量标准提升提供了参考依据。
  • *中国药品监管科学行动计划第二批重点项目─中药有效性安全性评价及全过程质量控制研究项目(NMPAJGKX-2023-024)
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2024年第44卷第10期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0759
  • 接收时间:2023-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-15
  • 出版时间:2024-10-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27
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*中国药品监管科学行动计划第二批重点项目─中药有效性安全性评价及全过程质量控制研究项目(NMPAJGKX-2023-024)
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    1.河北医科大学,石家庄 050017
    2.河北省药品医疗器械检验研究院 河北省中药质量评价与标准研究重点实验室,石家庄 050227

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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