Article(id=1239973082866176414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0413, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719158400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773562220541, onlineDateStr=2026-03-15, pubDate=1730304000000, pubDateStr=2024-10-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773562220541, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773562220541, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773562220541, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239973077845603299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1647', pageEnd='1826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773562219344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773563041495, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239976526251356921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239973077845603299, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1722, endPage=1740, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239973083566625212, articleId=1239973082866176414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Differential analysis and evaluation of multiple types of chemical components in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To explore the differences of multiple types of chemical constituents in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years,which provided reference for the quality control and comprehensive exploitation of Panax ginseng.

Methods:

The saponins in ginseng was determined by HPLC-ELSD;Analytical conditions:a Dimaonsil® ODS C18 (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used with (A)-water (B) (gradient elution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,the temperature of the drift tube was 100 ℃,the gas flow rate was 2.8 L·min-1. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric was used to determine the soluble polysaccharides. Glucose and glucuronic acid were used as reference substances of the neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide with detection wavelengths of 490 nm and 512 nm,respectively. UPLC-T Q MS was used for analyzing amino acids and nucleosides of Panax ginseng. Analytical conditions:an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) column was used with an aqueous solution containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate,5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate,and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase A,and an acetonitrile solution containing 1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate,1 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate,and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase B with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.40 mL·min-1. Column temperature was 30 ℃,and injectionvolume was 2 μL. Electrospray ion source was adopted with positive ion modes and multi-reaction monitoring and acquisition.

Results:

Under the same growth years,the content of 8 ginsenosides (ginsengside Re,ginsengside Rg1,ginsengside Rf,ginsengside Rb1,ginsengside Rc,ginsengside Rb2,ginsengside Rb3,ginsengside Rd) and 7 nucleosides (thymine,thymidine,uridine,adenosine,cytidine,guanosine,adenine) in white ginseng were higher than that in fresh ginseng,with the average content of 7.10-12.75 mg·g-1and 0.195 0-0.878 4 mg·g-1,respectively. The soluble polysaccharides (neutral polysaccharide,acid polysaccharide) and 15 amino acids (L-leucine,L-phenylalanine,L-tryptophan,gamma-aminobutyric,L-isoleucine,L-valine,L-proline,L-tyrosine,β-alanine,L-threonine,L-glutamine,L-asparagine,L-asparticacid,L-arginine,L-lysine) in fresh ginseng were higher than that in white ginseng,with the average contents of 11.03%-18.29% and 7.61-13.58 mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of 3-6 years old with fresh ginseng and white ginseng revealed that the highest average total amounts of soluble polysaccharides,8 ginsenosides,15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides were found in the 6 years old ginseng,which were 18.29%,12.75 mg·g-1,13.58 mg·g-1,0.878 4 mg·g-1.

Conclusion:

The contents of multiple types of components in fresh ginseng and white ginseng from different growth years were different. The total amount of soluble polysaccharides,8 ginsenosides,15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides all increased with growth years. The results provide scientific basis for efficacy differences and the quality control of fresh ginseng and white ginseng.

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目的:

探讨不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中多类型成分的差异,为人参质量控制及开发利用提供科学依据。

方法:

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器法(HPLC-ELSD法)对人参中皂苷类化学成分组成与含量进行分析;分析条件:采用Dimaonsil® ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度100 ℃,气体流量2.8 L·min-1。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定人参中可溶性多糖含量,以葡萄糖与葡萄糖醛酸为对照品测定中性多糖与酸性多糖含量,检测波长分别为490、512 nm。采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱串联法(UPLC-T Q MS法)对人参中氨基酸类与核苷类化学成分组成与含量进行分析;分析条件:采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,以含有5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的水溶液为流动相A,以含有1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、1 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速0.40 mL·min-1,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为2 μL;电喷雾(ESI)离子源,正离子模式多反应监测采集。

结果:

在相同生长年限下,生晒参中8个皂苷类成分(人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rd)与7个核苷类成分(胸腺嘧啶、胸苷、尿苷、腺苷、胞苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤)平均总量分别为7.10~12.75、0.194 9~0.878 4 mg·g-1,均高于鲜参;鲜参中可溶性多糖(中性多糖与酸性多糖)与15个氨基酸类成分(L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、β-丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸)平均总量分别为11.03%~18.29%、7.51~13.58 mg·g-1,均高于生晒参。比较3~6年生鲜参与生晒参,发现在6年生人参中可溶性多糖、8个人参皂苷类成分、15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分的平均总量最高,分别为18.29%、12.75 mg·g-1、13.58 mg·g-1、0.878 4 mg·g-1

结论:

不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型成分含量具有差异性,且随生长年限的延长,其可溶性多糖、8个人参皂苷类成分、15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分总量呈增加趋势。研究结果为鲜参与生晒参药效差异物质基础与质量控制提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=宿树兰, 段金廒, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 宿树兰 Tel:(025)85811917;E-mail:
段金廒 Tel:(025)85811116;E-mail:dja@njutcm.edu.cn
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Tel:(025)85811916;E-mail:

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(Araliaceae):a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239977452483703170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=472, issue=2, pageStart=169, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=DARBAND SG, SADIGHPARVAR S, YOUSEFI B, journalName=Pflugers Arch, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DARBAND SGSADIGHPARVAR SYOUSEFI B,et al. Combination of exercise training and L-arginine reverses aging process through suppression of oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis in the rat heart[J]. Pflugers Arch2020472(2):169, articleTitle=Combination of exercise training and L-arginine reverses aging process through suppression of oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis in the rat heart, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239977436520181796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977436528570406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, companyId=1239977436520181796, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239977436532764711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, companyId=1239977436520181796, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京中医药大学 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心国家中医药管理局中药资源循环利用重点研究室 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室,南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239977443772133629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HPLC chromatograms of mixed reference substances(A) and sample of 6 yesrs old white ginseng (B), figureFileSmall=ArVTojUdyRGxcK4bf5ZiLw==, figureFileBig=vzn2ELvAaWXJQiJnPXTTCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977443872796929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图1, caption=混合对照品(A)与6年生生晒参样品(B)的HPLC色谱图

1.人参皂苷Re(ginsengside Re) 2.人参皂苷Rg1(ginsengside Rg1) 3.人参皂苷Rf(ginsengside Rf) 4.人参皂苷Rb1(ginsengside Rb1) 5.人参皂苷Rc(ginsengside Rc) 6.人参皂苷Rb2(ginsengside Rb2) 7.人参皂苷Rb3(ginsengside Rb3) 8.人参皂苷Rd(ginsengside Rd)

, figureFileSmall=ArVTojUdyRGxcK4bf5ZiLw==, figureFileBig=vzn2ELvAaWXJQiJnPXTTCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977443998626054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC chromatograms of fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years, figureFileSmall=+sx6sQ+9zLkUZS3cSPorBw==, figureFileBig=o47491E4mFVnd3sf/YsGkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444061540616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参HPLC色谱图

A. 3年生鲜参(3 years old fresh ginseng) B. 3年生生晒参(3 years old white ginseng) C. 4年生鲜参(4 years old fresh ginseng) D. 4年生生晒参(4 years old white ginseng) E. 5年生鲜参(5 years old fresh ginseng) F. 5年生生晒参(5 years old white ginseng) G. 6年生鲜参(6 years old fresh ginseng) H. 6年生生晒参(6 years old white ginseng)

, figureFileSmall=+sx6sQ+9zLkUZS3cSPorBw==, figureFileBig=o47491E4mFVnd3sf/YsGkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444153815309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analytical results of ginsenosides in fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years, figureFileSmall=0zClqa4jkrMNcYaySBJUfA==, figureFileBig=eMEuBWg3UO02G36TqqJxjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444271255825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参人参皂苷类成分含量分析结果

3F.3年生鲜参(3 years old fresh ginseng) 4F.4年生生鲜参(4 years old fresh ginseng) 5F.5年生生鲜参(5 years old fresh ginseng) 6F.6年生生鲜参(6 years old fresh ginseng)

, figureFileSmall=0zClqa4jkrMNcYaySBJUfA==, figureFileBig=eMEuBWg3UO02G36TqqJxjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444346753299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Analytical results of neutral polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides in fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years, figureFileSmall=ALyMw/Y1EDrrvkUrcon+rw==, figureFileBig=ZD8OpCZNJXiIJ79s1Y9l9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444434833684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中性多糖、酸性多糖的含量分析结果, figureFileSmall=ALyMw/Y1EDrrvkUrcon+rw==, figureFileBig=ZD8OpCZNJXiIJ79s1Y9l9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444543885592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=UPLC-T Q MS chromatograms of amino acids and nucleosides, figureFileSmall=17XFzo8RHgHfedmc4KBlRQ==, figureFileBig=R0jHeNaJzNcGdaLsdsApHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444623577370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图5, caption=氨基酸类成分及核苷类成分UPLC-T Q MS图, figureFileSmall=17XFzo8RHgHfedmc4KBlRQ==, figureFileBig=R0jHeNaJzNcGdaLsdsApHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444699074845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Analytical results of amino acids in fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years, figureFileSmall=paaW8Y13XQf+PC2g/M3mWw==, figureFileBig=un6/OexaaZP32BR4rtYRWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444778766623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中氨基酸类成分含量分析结果

Arg.L-精氨酸(L-arginine) Tyr.L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine) Gln.L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine) Asp.L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid) Asn.L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine) Pro.L-脯氨酸(L-proline) GABA.γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric) Ala.β-丙氨酸(β-alanine) Leu.L-亮氨酸(L-leucine) Trp.L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan) Phe.L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine) Lys.L-赖氨酸(L-lysine) Ile.L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine) Thr.L-苏氨酸(L-threonine) Val.L-缬氨酸(L-valine)

, figureFileSmall=paaW8Y13XQf+PC2g/M3mWw==, figureFileBig=un6/OexaaZP32BR4rtYRWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444845875486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Analytical results of nucleosides in fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years, figureFileSmall=H/H43ZQEYjjOB7t5qCG1bg==, figureFileBig=a8IuJrHD/hiv3b2Js1dL7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977444925567265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中核苷类成分含量分析结果

Gua.鸟苷(guanosine) Uri.尿苷(uridine) Aoe.腺苷(adenosine) Cyt胞苷(cytidine) Tde.胸苷(thymidine) Tne.胸腺嘧啶(thymine) Aie.腺嘌呤(adenine)

, figureFileSmall=H/H43ZQEYjjOB7t5qCG1bg==, figureFileBig=a8IuJrHD/hiv3b2Js1dL7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239977445030424868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Moisture content of fresh ginseng and white ginseng with different growth years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
生长年限及规格
(growth years and specification)
含水量
(moisture content)/%
X13年生鲜参(3 years old fresh ginseng)74.20
S13年生生晒参(3 years old white ginseng)11.89
X24年生鲜参(4 years old fresh ginseng)73.80
S24年生生晒参(4 years old white ginseng)11.80
X35年生鲜参(5 years old fresh ginseng)74.90
S35年生生晒参(5 years old white ginseng)10.90
X46年生鲜参(6 years old fresh ginseng)74.10
S46年生生晒参(6 years old white ginseng)11.50
), ArticleFig(id=1239977445122699558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参含水量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample No.)
生长年限及规格
(growth years and specification)
含水量
(moisture content)/%
X13年生鲜参(3 years old fresh ginseng)74.20
S13年生生晒参(3 years old white ginseng)11.89
X24年生鲜参(4 years old fresh ginseng)73.80
S24年生生晒参(4 years old white ginseng)11.80
X35年生鲜参(5 years old fresh ginseng)74.90
S35年生生晒参(5 years old white ginseng)10.90
X46年生鲜参(6 years old fresh ginseng)74.10
S46年生生晒参(6 years old white ginseng)11.50
), ArticleFig(id=1239977445261111594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Regression equations,linear ranges and correlation coefficient of ginsenosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分(component)回归方程(regression equation)线性范围(linear range)/μgr
人参皂苷Re(ginsonoside Re)Y=1.707X+7.3310.970~9.700.999 2
人参皂苷Rg1(ginsonoside Rg1Y=1.358 7X+7.283 51.00~10.000.999 0
人参皂苷Rf(ginsonoside Rf)Y=1.673 2X+7.973 60.547~5.470.999 4
人参皂苷Rb1(ginsonoside Rb1Y=1.623 6X+7.797 10.835~8.350.999 4
人参皂苷Rc(ginsonoside Rc)Y=1.583 5X+8.862 30.398~3.980.999 5
人参皂苷Rb2(ginsonoside Rb2Y=1.635 5X+7.404 10.695~6.950.999 0
人参皂苷Rb3(ginsonoside Rb3Y=1.598 3X+7.6560.105~1.050.999 3
人参皂苷Rd(ginsonoside Rd)Y=1.592 7X+7.530 40.199~1.990.999 5
), ArticleFig(id=1239977445361774891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

人参皂苷类成分回归方程、线性范围及相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分(component)回归方程(regression equation)线性范围(linear range)/μgr
人参皂苷Re(ginsonoside Re)Y=1.707X+7.3310.970~9.700.999 2
人参皂苷Rg1(ginsonoside Rg1Y=1.358 7X+7.283 51.00~10.000.999 0
人参皂苷Rf(ginsonoside Rf)Y=1.673 2X+7.973 60.547~5.470.999 4
人参皂苷Rb1(ginsonoside Rb1Y=1.623 6X+7.797 10.835~8.350.999 4
人参皂苷Rc(ginsonoside Rc)Y=1.583 5X+8.862 30.398~3.980.999 5
人参皂苷Rb2(ginsonoside Rb2Y=1.635 5X+7.404 10.695~6.950.999 0
人参皂苷Rb3(ginsonoside Rb3Y=1.598 3X+7.6560.105~1.050.999 3
人参皂苷Rd(ginsonoside Rd)Y=1.592 7X+7.530 40.199~1.990.999 5
), ArticleFig(id=1239977445458243885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Recoveries of eight ginsenosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
人参皂苷Rb10.512 30.814 60.814 61.573 896.6100.21.9
(ginsonoside Rb1)0.502 10.798 30.798 31.627 1101.9
0.503 10.799 90.799 91.607 6100.5
0.500 10.795 20.795 21.585 999.7
0.499 80.794 70.794 71.611 0101.4
0.496 90.789 90.789 91.595 7101.0
人参皂苷Rb20.512 30.686 50.686 51.322 296.3101.21.2
(ginsonoside Rb2)0.502 10.672 80.672 81.350 9100.4
0.50310.674 20.674 21.339 099.3
0.500 10.670 10.670 11.367 7102.0
0.499 80.669 70.669 71.342 9100.3
0.496 90.665 70.665 71.377 9103.5
人参皂苷Rb20.512 30.0496 70.0496 70.093 3894.099.01.7
(ginsonoside Rb2)0.502 10.048 680.048 680.095 2297.8
0.503 10.048 780.048 780.093 7096.0
0.500 10.048 490.048 490.095 7098.7
0.499 80.048 460.048 460.094 6597.7
0.496 90.048 170.048 170.092 9396.5
0.512 30.272 00.272 00.516 294.9100.91.8
人参皂苷Rc0.512 30.266 60.266 60.537 2100.8
(ginsonoside Rc)0.502 10.267 10.267 10.548 7102.7
0.503 10.265 50.265 50.535 5100.8
0.500 10.265 30.265 30.533 2100.5
0.499 80.263 80.263 80.542 6102.9
人参皂苷Rd0.512 30.116 20.116 20.222 295.699.31.0
(ginsonoside Rd)0.502 10.113 90.113 90.220 796.9
0.503 10.114 20.114 20.219 296.0
0.500 10.113 50.113 50.225 999.6
0.499 80.113 40.113 40.222 798.2
0.496 90.112 70.112 70.227 3100.8
人参皂苷Re0.512 30.778 70.778 71.463 994.098.71.2
(ginsonoside Re)0.502 10.763 20.763 21.482 497.1
0.503 10.764 70.764 71.505 298.4
0.500 10.760 20.760 21.529 5100.6
0.499 80.759 70.759 71.508 599.3
0.496 90.755 10.755 11.490 898.7
人参皂苷Rg10.512 30.891 40.891 41.658 293.099.11.9
(ginsonoside Rg1)0.502 10.873 70.873 71.680 796.2
0.503 10.875 40.875 41.637 393.5
0.500 10.870 20.870 21.671 696.0
0.499 80.869 70.869 71.665 095.7
0.496 90.864 40.864 41.746 1101.0
人参皂苷Rf0.512 30.158 70.158 70.298 644.5100.32.1
(ginsonoside Rf)0.502 10.155 50.155 50.297 245.2
0.503 10.155 80.155 80.301 745.8
0.500 10.154 90.154 90.306 546.8
0.499 80.154 80.154 80.301 846.1
0.496 90.153 90.153 90.307 247.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239977446968193328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

8个人参皂苷类成分加样回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
人参皂苷Rb10.512 30.814 60.814 61.573 896.6100.21.9
(ginsonoside Rb1)0.502 10.798 30.798 31.627 1101.9
0.503 10.799 90.799 91.607 6100.5
0.500 10.795 20.795 21.585 999.7
0.499 80.794 70.794 71.611 0101.4
0.496 90.789 90.789 91.595 7101.0
人参皂苷Rb20.512 30.686 50.686 51.322 296.3101.21.2
(ginsonoside Rb2)0.502 10.672 80.672 81.350 9100.4
0.50310.674 20.674 21.339 099.3
0.500 10.670 10.670 11.367 7102.0
0.499 80.669 70.669 71.342 9100.3
0.496 90.665 70.665 71.377 9103.5
人参皂苷Rb20.512 30.0496 70.0496 70.093 3894.099.01.7
(ginsonoside Rb2)0.502 10.048 680.048 680.095 2297.8
0.503 10.048 780.048 780.093 7096.0
0.500 10.048 490.048 490.095 7098.7
0.499 80.048 460.048 460.094 6597.7
0.496 90.048 170.048 170.092 9396.5
0.512 30.272 00.272 00.516 294.9100.91.8
人参皂苷Rc0.512 30.266 60.266 60.537 2100.8
(ginsonoside Rc)0.502 10.267 10.267 10.548 7102.7
0.503 10.265 50.265 50.535 5100.8
0.500 10.265 30.265 30.533 2100.5
0.499 80.263 80.263 80.542 6102.9
人参皂苷Rd0.512 30.116 20.116 20.222 295.699.31.0
(ginsonoside Rd)0.502 10.113 90.113 90.220 796.9
0.503 10.114 20.114 20.219 296.0
0.500 10.113 50.113 50.225 999.6
0.499 80.113 40.113 40.222 798.2
0.496 90.112 70.112 70.227 3100.8
人参皂苷Re0.512 30.778 70.778 71.463 994.098.71.2
(ginsonoside Re)0.502 10.763 20.763 21.482 497.1
0.503 10.764 70.764 71.505 298.4
0.500 10.760 20.760 21.529 5100.6
0.499 80.759 70.759 71.508 599.3
0.496 90.755 10.755 11.490 898.7
人参皂苷Rg10.512 30.891 40.891 41.658 293.099.11.9
(ginsonoside Rg1)0.502 10.873 70.873 71.680 796.2
0.503 10.875 40.875 41.637 393.5
0.500 10.870 20.870 21.671 696.0
0.499 80.869 70.869 71.665 095.7
0.496 90.864 40.864 41.746 1101.0
人参皂苷Rf0.512 30.158 70.158 70.298 644.5100.32.1
(ginsonoside Rf)0.502 10.155 50.155 50.297 245.2
0.503 10.155 80.155 80.301 745.8
0.500 10.154 90.154 90.306 546.8
0.499 80.154 80.154 80.301 846.1
0.496 90.153 90.153 90.307 247.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447043690802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Recoveries of polysaccharides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide)1.00130.80130.80255.78100.798.32.4
1.02133.42133.42254.9695.2
1.05137.34137.34258.1198.6
0.990 1129.49129.49248.65100.8
1.12146.50146.50258.9596.0
0.991 4129.49129.49266.8998.6
酸性多糖(acid polysaccharide)1.0212.3812.3824.79100.1101.32.1
1.1113.4813.4827.10100.5
1.0612.8712.8726.30102.2
0.990 012.0212.0225.13104.6
1.0412.6312.6324.9098.6
1.0212.3812.3825.27102.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447123382579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多糖类成分加样回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide)1.00130.80130.80255.78100.798.32.4
1.02133.42133.42254.9695.2
1.05137.34137.34258.1198.6
0.990 1129.49129.49248.65100.8
1.12146.50146.50258.9596.0
0.991 4129.49129.49266.8998.6
酸性多糖(acid polysaccharide)1.0212.3812.3824.79100.1101.32.1
1.1113.4813.4827.10100.5
1.0612.8712.8726.30102.2
0.990 012.0212.0225.13104.6
1.0412.6312.6324.9098.6
1.0212.3812.3825.27102.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447219851573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Mass spectrometric parameters of nucleosides and amino acids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
tR/min电离模式
(ionization mode)
母离子
(precursor ion)m/z
定量离子
(quantitative ion)m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
定性离子
(qualitative ion)m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)1.18[M+H]+126.8653.90322256.253214
胸苷(thymidine)1.19[M+H]+243126.971018109.851028
腺嘌呤(adenine)1.81[M+H]+135.9691.37342087.913616
尿苷(uridine)1.92[M+H]+245.04112.9210674.32106
腺苷(adenosine)2.01[M+H]+268.08118.962244135.961810
胞苷(cytidine)4.02[M+H]+244.05111.94121094.871238
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)4.41[M+H]+132.0686.0214643.741422
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)4.46[M+H]+165.9776.901632102.981626
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)4.69[M+H]+205117.941424145.951418
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)4.77[M+H]+103.968.69141242.881412
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)4.81[M+H]+132.0686.0213668.951610
鸟苷(guanosine)4.86[M+H]+284.08151.921412173.943616
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)5.86[M+H]+118.1372.0013855.00138
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)5.93[M+H]+115.9770.2020870.202036
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)6.43[M+H]+182.1136.11916123.001916
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)7.77[M+H]+89.9343.9614642.13020
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)8.46[M+H]+119.9673.90161055.97168
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)9.83[M+H]+147.0283.99141455.971416
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)10.25[M+H]+133.0273.94131486.981314
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)10.91[M+H]+133.9473.90181487.91188
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)15.96[M+H]+175.1169.962218115.982214
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)16.22[M+H]+147.0383.94161455.981612
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447320514870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

15个氨基酸类成分及7个核苷类成分的质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
tR/min电离模式
(ionization mode)
母离子
(precursor ion)m/z
定量离子
(quantitative ion)m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
定性离子
(qualitative ion)m/z
锥孔电压
(cone voltage)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)1.18[M+H]+126.8653.90322256.253214
胸苷(thymidine)1.19[M+H]+243126.971018109.851028
腺嘌呤(adenine)1.81[M+H]+135.9691.37342087.913616
尿苷(uridine)1.92[M+H]+245.04112.9210674.32106
腺苷(adenosine)2.01[M+H]+268.08118.962244135.961810
胞苷(cytidine)4.02[M+H]+244.05111.94121094.871238
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)4.41[M+H]+132.0686.0214643.741422
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)4.46[M+H]+165.9776.901632102.981626
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)4.69[M+H]+205117.941424145.951418
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)4.77[M+H]+103.968.69141242.881412
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)4.81[M+H]+132.0686.0213668.951610
鸟苷(guanosine)4.86[M+H]+284.08151.921412173.943616
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)5.86[M+H]+118.1372.0013855.00138
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)5.93[M+H]+115.9770.2020870.202036
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)6.43[M+H]+182.1136.11916123.001916
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)7.77[M+H]+89.9343.9614642.13020
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)8.46[M+H]+119.9673.90161055.97168
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)9.83[M+H]+147.0283.99141455.971416
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)10.25[M+H]+133.0273.94131486.981314
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)10.91[M+H]+133.9473.90181487.91188
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)15.96[M+H]+175.1169.962218115.982214
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)16.22[M+H]+147.0383.94161455.981612
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447400206648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Regression equations,linear ranges and correlation coefficients of amino acids and nucleosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1
rLOQ/(μg·mL-1
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)Y=55.449X+31.3570.584~291.970.999 40.162
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)Y=51.748X+288.510.969~484.560.999 70.251
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)Y=136.12X+183.150.457~228.360.997 20.134
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)Y=370.44X+55.4720.166~82.860.999 00.124
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)Y=199.21X+188.30.241~120.560.999 00.093 0
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)Y=149.02X+144.820.248~124.230.999 20.084 0
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)Y=81.653X-46.240.798~398.950.999 00.159
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)Y=27.93X-112.910.818~408.980.999 10.243
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)Y=76.655X-506.810.248~124.090.998 60.106
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)Y=141.67X+290.530.779~389.440.999 50.226
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)Y=157.03X+90.2510.377~188.620.999 60.127
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)Y=582.22X+69.5570.143~71.630.998 30.079 0
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)Y=110.07X+47.7660.446~223.110.999 50.168
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)Y=506.24X+286.840.099 0~49.490.998 20.061 0
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)Y=110.42X-224.189.38~4 692.150.999 40.319
胸苷(thymidine)Y=277.87X-700.830.060 0~30.040.999 40.064 0
胞苷(cytidine)Y=400.42X+13.4550.035 6~17.780.999 50.053 0
尿苷(uridine)Y=30.985X+10.037 70.360~179.930.999 40.147
腺苷(adenosine)Y=837.97X+1 029.20.306~152.890.999 30.135
鸟苷(guanosine)Y=149.77X+372.750.247~123.670.998 20.142
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)Y=246.13X+336.120.039 6~19.790.999 00.059 0
腺嘌呤(adenine)Y=65.99X+71.8680.405~202.680.999 50.193
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447521841466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

氨基酸类成分及核苷类成分回归方程、线性范围及r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1
rLOQ/(μg·mL-1
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)Y=55.449X+31.3570.584~291.970.999 40.162
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)Y=51.748X+288.510.969~484.560.999 70.251
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)Y=136.12X+183.150.457~228.360.997 20.134
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)Y=370.44X+55.4720.166~82.860.999 00.124
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)Y=199.21X+188.30.241~120.560.999 00.093 0
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)Y=149.02X+144.820.248~124.230.999 20.084 0
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)Y=81.653X-46.240.798~398.950.999 00.159
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)Y=27.93X-112.910.818~408.980.999 10.243
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)Y=76.655X-506.810.248~124.090.998 60.106
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)Y=141.67X+290.530.779~389.440.999 50.226
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)Y=157.03X+90.2510.377~188.620.999 60.127
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)Y=582.22X+69.5570.143~71.630.998 30.079 0
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)Y=110.07X+47.7660.446~223.110.999 50.168
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)Y=506.24X+286.840.099 0~49.490.998 20.061 0
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)Y=110.42X-224.189.38~4 692.150.999 40.319
胸苷(thymidine)Y=277.87X-700.830.060 0~30.040.999 40.064 0
胞苷(cytidine)Y=400.42X+13.4550.035 6~17.780.999 50.053 0
尿苷(uridine)Y=30.985X+10.037 70.360~179.930.999 40.147
腺苷(adenosine)Y=837.97X+1 029.20.306~152.890.999 30.135
鸟苷(guanosine)Y=149.77X+372.750.247~123.670.998 20.142
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)Y=246.13X+336.120.039 6~19.790.999 00.059 0
腺嘌呤(adenine)Y=65.99X+71.8680.405~202.680.999 50.193
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447597338940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Recoveries of amino acids and nucleosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)0.502 80.191 50.191 50.384 1100.3100.22.2
0.514 80.196 10.196 10.377 696.3
0.491 90.187 30.187 30.376 5100.5
0.512 70.195 30.195 30.399 8102.4
0.496 70.189 20.189 20.385 1101.8
0.508 80.193 80.193 80.387 399.9
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)0.502 80.321 20.321 20.647 9100.998.71.4
0.514 80.328 80.328 80.652 999.3
0.491 90.314 20.314 20.620 698.8
0.512 70.327 50.327 50.633 796.7
0.496 70.317 30.317 30.622 898.1
0.508 80.325 00.325 00.638 498.2
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)0.502 80.151 40.151 40.305 9101.099.92.2
0.514 80.155 00.155 00.305 098.4
0.491 90.148 10.148 10.294 299.3
0.512 70.154 30.154 30.304 798.7
0.496 70.149 50.149 50.309 9103.6
0.508 80.153 20.153 20.300 598.1
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)0.502 80.054 920.054 920.110 3100.4101.02.4
0.514 80.056 230.056 230.114 0101.3
0.491 90.053 730.053 730.112 6104.8
0.512 70.056 000.056 000.109 297.5
0.496 70.054 260.054 260.110 8102.1
0.508 80.055 570.055 570.111 3100.2
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)0.502 80.079 910.079 910.166 3104.0100.33.4
0.514 80.081 810.081 810.157 996.5
0.491 90.078 170.078 170.163 5104.6
0.512 70.081 480.081 480.159 297.7
0.496 70.078 940.078 940.157 899.9
0.508 80.080 850.080 850.159 898.8
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)0.502 80.082 340.082 340.167 7101.899.42.3
0.514 80.084 310.084 310.162 996.6
0.491 90.080 560.080 560.161 6100.3
0.512 70.083 960.083 960.162 396.6
0.496 70.081 350.081 350.164 4101.0
0.508 80.083 320.083 320.166 599.9
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)0.502 80.264 40.264 40.523 599.099.43.7
0.514 80.270 70.270 70.525 997.1
0.491 90.258 70.258 70.545 7105.5
0.512 70.269 60.269 60.547 6101.5
0.496 70.261 20.261 20.511 197.8
0.508 80.267 60.267 60.511 095.5
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)0.502 80.271 10.271 10.549 1101.399.33.4
0.514 80.277 60.277 60.523 094.2
0.491 90.265 20.265 20.551 0103.9
0.512 70.276 40.276 40.536 897.1
0.496 70.267 80.267 80.535 7100.0
0.508 80.274 30.274 30.543 699.1
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)0.502 80.049 310.049 310.099 09100.598.23.6
0.514 80.050 490.050 490.098 9898.0
0.491 90.048 240.048 240.096 85100.4
0.512 70.050 280.050 280.102 7102.1
0.496 70.048 710.048 710.092 7195.2
0.508 80.049 890.049 890.093 0093.2
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)0.502 80.258 10.258 10.551 4106.8101.32.9
0.514 80.264 30.264 30.534 3101.1
0.491 90.252 50.252 50.514 6101.9
0.512 70.263 20.263 20.519 898.7
0.496 70.255 00.255 00.510 2100.0
0.508 80.261 20.261 20.519 699.5
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)0.502 80.125 00.125 00.257 9103.1100.23.2
0.514 80.128 00.128 00.264 8103.4
0.491 90.122 30.122 30.240 198.2
0.512 70.127 50.127 50.242 695.1
0.496 70.123 50.123 50.250 4101.4
0.508 80.126 50.126 50.252 799.9
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)0.502 80.047 480.047 480.097 01102.298.63.5
0.514 80.048 610.048 610.097 55100.3
0.491 90.046 450.046 450.092 4799.5
0.512 70.048 410.048 410.094 1997.3
0.496 70.046 900.046 900.093 6399.8
0.508 80.048 040.048 040.088 6792.3
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)0.502 80.147 90.147 90.298 1100.899.21.7
0.514 80.151 40.151 40.293 596.9
0.491 90.144 70.144 70.289 6100.1
0.512 70.150 80.150 80.295 297.9
0.496 70.146 10.146 10.294 2100.7
0.508 80.149 60.149 60.295 198.6
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)0.502 80.025 740.025 740.0534 1103.8100.72.1
0.514 80.026 350.026 350.0530 2100.6
0.491 90.025 180.025 180.0503 099.9
0.512 70.026 240.026 240.0512 697.7
0.496 70.025 420.025 420.0518 4101.9
0.508 80.026 040.026 040.0522 3100.3
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)0.502 83.110 13.110 16.439 1103.599.13.2
0.514 83.184 33.184 35.987 794.0
0.491 93.042 73.042 76.116 1100.5
0.512 73.171 33.171 36.280 199.0
0.496 73.072 53.072 56.104 599.3
0.508 83.146 93.146 96.197 998.5
胸苷(thymidine)0.502 80.002 9860.002 9860.005 61894.1100.43.9
0.514 80.003 0580.003 0580.006 300103.0
0.491 90.002 9220.002 9220.005 77698.8
0.512 70.003 0450.003 0450.006 108100.3
0.496 70.002 9500.002 9500.006 217105.4
0.508 80.003 0220.003 0220.006 085100.7
胞苷(cytidine)0.502 80.011 790.011 790.024 71104.898.94.0
0.514 80.012 070.012 070.023 4197.0
0.491 90.011 530.011 530.023 17100.5
0.512 70.012 020.012 020.022 4993.5
0.496 70.011 640.011 640.023 44100.6
0.508 80.011 930.011 930.023 1096.9
尿苷(uridine)0.502 80.119 30.119 30.236 799.299.82.5
0.514 80.122 10.122 10.234 896.1
0.491 90.116 70.116 70.228 998.1
0.512 70.121 60.121 60.243 7100.2
0.496 70.117 80.117 80.241 8102.6
0.508 80.120 70.120 70.246 8102.3
腺苷(adenosine)0.502 80.101 30.101 30.197 797.699.73.7
0.514 80.103 80.103 80.200 596.6
0.491 90.099 10.099 10.200 0100.9
0.512 70.103 30.103 30.198 596.1
0.496 70.100 10.100 10.210 9105.3
0.508 80.102 50.102 50.208 9101.9
鸟苷(guanosine)0.502 80.081 970.081 970.157 395.999.02.4
0.514 80.083 930.083 930.163 297.2
0.491 90.080 200.080 200.163 6102.0
0.512 70.083 590.083 590.167 2100.0
0.496 70.080 980.080 980.163 8101.1
0.508 80.082 940.082 940.162 497.9
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)0.502 80.000 983 90.000 983 90.001 93098.199.92.6
0.514 80.001 0070.001 0070.002 016100.1
0.491 90.000 962 60.000 962 60.001 951101.4
0.512 70.001 0030.001 0030.001 92796.0
0.496 70.000 972 00.000 972 00.001 954100.5
0.508 80.000 995 60.000 995 60.002 055103.2
腺嘌呤(adenine)0.502 80.134 30.134 30.254 094.698.53.6
0.514 80.137 50.137 50.266 596.9
0.491 90.131 40.131 40.274 7104.5
0.512 70.137 00.137 00.275 2100.5
0.496 70.132 70.132 70.259 597.8
0.508 80.135 90.135 90.262 996.7
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447706390847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

氨基酸类成分及核苷类成分加样回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
称样量
(sample)/g
样品含量
(sample content)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
实测量
(measured)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)0.502 80.191 50.191 50.384 1100.3100.22.2
0.514 80.196 10.196 10.377 696.3
0.491 90.187 30.187 30.376 5100.5
0.512 70.195 30.195 30.399 8102.4
0.496 70.189 20.189 20.385 1101.8
0.508 80.193 80.193 80.387 399.9
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)0.502 80.321 20.321 20.647 9100.998.71.4
0.514 80.328 80.328 80.652 999.3
0.491 90.314 20.314 20.620 698.8
0.512 70.327 50.327 50.633 796.7
0.496 70.317 30.317 30.622 898.1
0.508 80.325 00.325 00.638 498.2
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)0.502 80.151 40.151 40.305 9101.099.92.2
0.514 80.155 00.155 00.305 098.4
0.491 90.148 10.148 10.294 299.3
0.512 70.154 30.154 30.304 798.7
0.496 70.149 50.149 50.309 9103.6
0.508 80.153 20.153 20.300 598.1
L-缬氨酸(L-valine)0.502 80.054 920.054 920.110 3100.4101.02.4
0.514 80.056 230.056 230.114 0101.3
0.491 90.053 730.053 730.112 6104.8
0.512 70.056 000.056 000.109 297.5
0.496 70.054 260.054 260.110 8102.1
0.508 80.055 570.055 570.111 3100.2
L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)0.502 80.079 910.079 910.166 3104.0100.33.4
0.514 80.081 810.081 810.157 996.5
0.491 90.078 170.078 170.163 5104.6
0.512 70.081 480.081 480.159 297.7
0.496 70.078 940.078 940.157 899.9
0.508 80.080 850.080 850.159 898.8
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)0.502 80.082 340.082 340.167 7101.899.42.3
0.514 80.084 310.084 310.162 996.6
0.491 90.080 560.080 560.161 6100.3
0.512 70.083 960.083 960.162 396.6
0.496 70.081 350.081 350.164 4101.0
0.508 80.083 320.083 320.166 599.9
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)0.502 80.264 40.264 40.523 599.099.43.7
0.514 80.270 70.270 70.525 997.1
0.491 90.258 70.258 70.545 7105.5
0.512 70.269 60.269 60.547 6101.5
0.496 70.261 20.261 20.511 197.8
0.508 80.267 60.267 60.511 095.5
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)0.502 80.271 10.271 10.549 1101.399.33.4
0.514 80.277 60.277 60.523 094.2
0.491 90.265 20.265 20.551 0103.9
0.512 70.276 40.276 40.536 897.1
0.496 70.267 80.267 80.535 7100.0
0.508 80.274 30.274 30.543 699.1
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)0.502 80.049 310.049 310.099 09100.598.23.6
0.514 80.050 490.050 490.098 9898.0
0.491 90.048 240.048 240.096 85100.4
0.512 70.050 280.050 280.102 7102.1
0.496 70.048 710.048 710.092 7195.2
0.508 80.049 890.049 890.093 0093.2
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)0.502 80.258 10.258 10.551 4106.8101.32.9
0.514 80.264 30.264 30.534 3101.1
0.491 90.252 50.252 50.514 6101.9
0.512 70.263 20.263 20.519 898.7
0.496 70.255 00.255 00.510 2100.0
0.508 80.261 20.261 20.519 699.5
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)0.502 80.125 00.125 00.257 9103.1100.23.2
0.514 80.128 00.128 00.264 8103.4
0.491 90.122 30.122 30.240 198.2
0.512 70.127 50.127 50.242 695.1
0.496 70.123 50.123 50.250 4101.4
0.508 80.126 50.126 50.252 799.9
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)0.502 80.047 480.047 480.097 01102.298.63.5
0.514 80.048 610.048 610.097 55100.3
0.491 90.046 450.046 450.092 4799.5
0.512 70.048 410.048 410.094 1997.3
0.496 70.046 900.046 900.093 6399.8
0.508 80.048 040.048 040.088 6792.3
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)0.502 80.147 90.147 90.298 1100.899.21.7
0.514 80.151 40.151 40.293 596.9
0.491 90.144 70.144 70.289 6100.1
0.512 70.150 80.150 80.295 297.9
0.496 70.146 10.146 10.294 2100.7
0.508 80.149 60.149 60.295 198.6
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)0.502 80.025 740.025 740.0534 1103.8100.72.1
0.514 80.026 350.026 350.0530 2100.6
0.491 90.025 180.025 180.0503 099.9
0.512 70.026 240.026 240.0512 697.7
0.496 70.025 420.025 420.0518 4101.9
0.508 80.026 040.026 040.0522 3100.3
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)0.502 83.110 13.110 16.439 1103.599.13.2
0.514 83.184 33.184 35.987 794.0
0.491 93.042 73.042 76.116 1100.5
0.512 73.171 33.171 36.280 199.0
0.496 73.072 53.072 56.104 599.3
0.508 83.146 93.146 96.197 998.5
胸苷(thymidine)0.502 80.002 9860.002 9860.005 61894.1100.43.9
0.514 80.003 0580.003 0580.006 300103.0
0.491 90.002 9220.002 9220.005 77698.8
0.512 70.003 0450.003 0450.006 108100.3
0.496 70.002 9500.002 9500.006 217105.4
0.508 80.003 0220.003 0220.006 085100.7
胞苷(cytidine)0.502 80.011 790.011 790.024 71104.898.94.0
0.514 80.012 070.012 070.023 4197.0
0.491 90.011 530.011 530.023 17100.5
0.512 70.012 020.012 020.022 4993.5
0.496 70.011 640.011 640.023 44100.6
0.508 80.011 930.011 930.023 1096.9
尿苷(uridine)0.502 80.119 30.119 30.236 799.299.82.5
0.514 80.122 10.122 10.234 896.1
0.491 90.116 70.116 70.228 998.1
0.512 70.121 60.121 60.243 7100.2
0.496 70.117 80.117 80.241 8102.6
0.508 80.120 70.120 70.246 8102.3
腺苷(adenosine)0.502 80.101 30.101 30.197 797.699.73.7
0.514 80.103 80.103 80.200 596.6
0.491 90.099 10.099 10.200 0100.9
0.512 70.103 30.103 30.198 596.1
0.496 70.100 10.100 10.210 9105.3
0.508 80.102 50.102 50.208 9101.9
鸟苷(guanosine)0.502 80.081 970.081 970.157 395.999.02.4
0.514 80.083 930.083 930.163 297.2
0.491 90.080 200.080 200.163 6102.0
0.512 70.083 590.083 590.167 2100.0
0.496 70.080 980.080 980.163 8101.1
0.508 80.082 940.082 940.162 497.9
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)0.502 80.000 983 90.000 983 90.001 93098.199.92.6
0.514 80.001 0070.001 0070.002 016100.1
0.491 90.000 962 60.000 962 60.001 951101.4
0.512 70.001 0030.001 0030.001 92796.0
0.496 70.000 972 00.000 972 00.001 954100.5
0.508 80.000 995 60.000 995 60.002 055103.2
腺嘌呤(adenine)0.502 80.134 30.134 30.254 094.698.53.6
0.514 80.137 50.137 50.266 596.9
0.491 90.131 40.131 40.274 7104.5
0.512 70.137 00.137 00.275 2100.5
0.496 70.132 70.132 70.259 597.8
0.508 80.135 90.135 90.262 996.7
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447807054145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Contents of ginsenosides,polysaccharides,amino acids and nucleoside in fresh ginseng and white ginseng from different growth years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类(class)成分
(component)
含量(content)/(mg·g-1
3年生(3 years old)4年生(4 years old)5年生(5 years old)6年生(6 years old)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
原人参二醇人参皂苷Rb1(ginsonoside Rb1)1.111.581.312.141.892.102.403.62
(protopanaxadiol-type,Ⅰ)人参皂苷Rb2(ginsonoside Rb20.667 81.340.725 71.520.554 01.00ND1.69
人参皂苷Rb3(ginsonoside Rb3ND0.096 96ND0.125 2ND0.095 42ND0.160 2
人参皂苷Rc(ginsonoside Rc)0.760 00.530 90.676 90.677 10.439 10.760 50.676 41.06
人参皂苷Rd(ginsonoside Rd)ND0.226 90.245 00.327 0ND0.291 3ND0.356 0
原人参三醇人参皂苷Re(ginsonoside Re)2.521.522.322.272.891.475.132.79
(protopanaxatriol-type,Ⅱ)人参皂苷Rg1(ginsonoside Rg11.551.733.742.731.222.983.281.83
人参皂苷Rf(ginsonoside Rf)0.493 70.308 30.825 30.421 50.530 20.514 10.717 21.24
皂苷(ginsonoside)8个皂苷成分总量(total 8 ginsenoside components)7.107.339.8410.217.529.2112.2012.75
3个人参皂苷(人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1)总量(total 3 ginsenosides(ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg15.184.837.377.146.006.5510.818.24
多糖(polysaccharide)中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide)112.80103.60157.60120.80148.00113.50161.60130.80
酸性多糖(acid polysaccharide)11.006.6916.9010.1016.407.4621.3012.10
多糖总量(total polysaccharides)123.80110.29174.50130.90164.40120.96182.90142.90
必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)0.212 40.063 240.208 80.397 20.142 60.398 70.080 710.380 9
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)0.085 090.311 70.621 90.376 60.305 90.603 20.690 10.638 8
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)0.136 10.020 280.029 990.149 40.022 660.307 40.036 190.301 1
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)0.111 50.615 80.048 970.504 00.796 00.470 00.235 70.525 9
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)0.552 70.23 780.140 10.440 90.653 00.376 81.560.539 2
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)0.063 310.292 40.0431 40.561 90.322 50.494 20.302 60.513 4
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)7.125.518.355.007.654.2110.286.19
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)0.121 50.025 410.060 730.176 70.019 640.283 80.037 510.294 1
非必需氨基酸L-缬氨酸(L-valine)0.038 560.043 880.034 850.064 520.030 850.131 80.045 480.109 2
(nonessential amino acid)L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)ND0.032 520.015 150.088 350.013 810.126 90.054 760.158 9
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)0.007 0200.078 510.049 570.054 610.017 490.193 00.039 620.163 8
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)0.801 80.135 00.127 60.051 940.423 60.109 80.103 20.098 07
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)0.032 400.044 290.032 680.024 070.055 10.112 40.036 760.094 43
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)0.055 330.026 400.008 5200.067 330.017 400.064 570.009 5300.051 18
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)0.012 730.070 780.070 650.051 910.016 980.251 70.067 160.248 6
氨基酸(al amino acid)15个氨基酸成分总量(total 15 amino acid components)9.357.519.848.0110.498.1313.5810.31
核苷(nucleoside)腺嘌呤(adenine)0.019 660.019 360.023 070.155 90.135 40.233 20.035 960.260 7
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)NDNDNDNDND0.000 724 7ND0.001 910
胸苷(thymidine)ND0.004 630NDNDNDNDND0.005 790
胞苷(cytidine)0.006 8200.029 200.011 940.013 250.019 620.015 660.035 680.022 87
腺苷(adenosine)0.168 40.095 900.096 620.108 80.138 70.179 40.180 70.196 6
尿苷(uridine)ND0.073 970.078 280.109 10.136 80.268 30.130 10.231 4
鸟苷(guanosine)ND0.053 480.008 2900.039 83ND0.117 90.050 810.159 1
7个核苷成分总量(total 7 nucleoside components)0.194 90.276 50.218 20.426 90.430 50.815 20.433 30.878 4
), ArticleFig(id=1239977447886745922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239973082866176414, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型成分含量测定结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类(class)成分
(component)
含量(content)/(mg·g-1
3年生(3 years old)4年生(4 years old)5年生(5 years old)6年生(6 years old)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
鲜参
(fresh ginseng)
生晒参
(white ginseng)
原人参二醇人参皂苷Rb1(ginsonoside Rb1)1.111.581.312.141.892.102.403.62
(protopanaxadiol-type,Ⅰ)人参皂苷Rb2(ginsonoside Rb20.667 81.340.725 71.520.554 01.00ND1.69
人参皂苷Rb3(ginsonoside Rb3ND0.096 96ND0.125 2ND0.095 42ND0.160 2
人参皂苷Rc(ginsonoside Rc)0.760 00.530 90.676 90.677 10.439 10.760 50.676 41.06
人参皂苷Rd(ginsonoside Rd)ND0.226 90.245 00.327 0ND0.291 3ND0.356 0
原人参三醇人参皂苷Re(ginsonoside Re)2.521.522.322.272.891.475.132.79
(protopanaxatriol-type,Ⅱ)人参皂苷Rg1(ginsonoside Rg11.551.733.742.731.222.983.281.83
人参皂苷Rf(ginsonoside Rf)0.493 70.308 30.825 30.421 50.530 20.514 10.717 21.24
皂苷(ginsonoside)8个皂苷成分总量(total 8 ginsenoside components)7.107.339.8410.217.529.2112.2012.75
3个人参皂苷(人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1)总量(total 3 ginsenosides(ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg15.184.837.377.146.006.5510.818.24
多糖(polysaccharide)中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide)112.80103.60157.60120.80148.00113.50161.60130.80
酸性多糖(acid polysaccharide)11.006.6916.9010.1016.407.4621.3012.10
多糖总量(total polysaccharides)123.80110.29174.50130.90164.40120.96182.90142.90
必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)β-丙氨酸(β-alanine)0.212 40.063 240.208 80.397 20.142 60.398 70.080 710.380 9
γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid)0.085 090.311 70.621 90.376 60.305 90.603 20.690 10.638 8
L-脯氨酸(L-proline)0.136 10.020 280.029 990.149 40.022 660.307 40.036 190.301 1
L-天冬酰胺(L-asparagine)0.111 50.615 80.048 970.504 00.796 00.470 00.235 70.525 9
L-天冬氨酸(L-asparticacid)0.552 70.23 780.140 10.440 90.653 00.376 81.560.539 2
L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)0.063 310.292 40.0431 40.561 90.322 50.494 20.302 60.513 4
L-精氨酸(L-arginine)7.125.518.355.007.654.2110.286.19
L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine)0.121 50.025 410.060 730.176 70.019 640.283 80.037 510.294 1
非必需氨基酸L-缬氨酸(L-valine)0.038 560.043 880.034 850.064 520.030 850.131 80.045 480.109 2
(nonessential amino acid)L-苏氨酸(L-threonine)ND0.032 520.015 150.088 350.013 810.126 90.054 760.158 9
L-异亮氨酸(L-isoleucine)0.007 0200.078 510.049 570.054 610.017 490.193 00.039 620.163 8
L-赖氨酸(L-lysine)0.801 80.135 00.127 60.051 940.423 60.109 80.103 20.098 07
L-苯丙氨酸(L-phenylalanine)0.032 400.044 290.032 680.024 070.055 10.112 40.036 760.094 43
L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan)0.055 330.026 400.008 5200.067 330.017 400.064 570.009 5300.051 18
L-亮氨酸(L-leucine)0.012 730.070 780.070 650.051 910.016 980.251 70.067 160.248 6
氨基酸(al amino acid)15个氨基酸成分总量(total 15 amino acid components)9.357.519.848.0110.498.1313.5810.31
核苷(nucleoside)腺嘌呤(adenine)0.019 660.019 360.023 070.155 90.135 40.233 20.035 960.260 7
胸腺嘧啶(thymine)NDNDNDNDND0.000 724 7ND0.001 910
胸苷(thymidine)ND0.004 630NDNDNDNDND0.005 790
胞苷(cytidine)0.006 8200.029 200.011 940.013 250.019 620.015 660.035 680.022 87
腺苷(adenosine)0.168 40.095 900.096 620.108 80.138 70.179 40.180 70.196 6
尿苷(uridine)ND0.073 970.078 280.109 10.136 80.268 30.130 10.231 4
鸟苷(guanosine)ND0.053 480.008 2900.039 83ND0.117 90.050 810.159 1
7个核苷成分总量(total 7 nucleoside components)0.194 90.276 50.218 20.426 90.430 50.815 20.433 30.878 4
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不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型化学成分差异分析与评价
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高芳芳 , 施亚宁 , 李玉琴 , 张喆 , 尚尔鑫 , 宿树兰 * , 郭盛 , 段金廒 *
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(10): 1722-1740
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(10): 1722-1740
不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型化学成分差异分析与评价
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高芳芳 , 施亚宁, 李玉琴, 张喆, 尚尔鑫, 宿树兰* , 郭盛, 段金廒*
作者信息
  • 南京中医药大学 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心国家中医药管理局中药资源循环利用重点研究室 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室,南京 210023
  • Tel:(025)85811916;E-mail:

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* 宿树兰 Tel:(025)85811917;E-mail:
段金廒 Tel:(025)85811116;E-mail:dja@njutcm.edu.cn
Differential analysis and evaluation of multiple types of chemical components in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years
Fang-fang GAO , Ya-ning SHI, Yu-qin LI, Zhe ZHANG, Er-xing SHANG, Shu-lan SU* , Sheng GUO, Jin-ao DUAN*
Affiliations
  • Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2024-10-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0413
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目的:

探讨不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中多类型成分的差异,为人参质量控制及开发利用提供科学依据。

方法:

采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器法(HPLC-ELSD法)对人参中皂苷类化学成分组成与含量进行分析;分析条件:采用Dimaonsil® ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度100 ℃,气体流量2.8 L·min-1。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定人参中可溶性多糖含量,以葡萄糖与葡萄糖醛酸为对照品测定中性多糖与酸性多糖含量,检测波长分别为490、512 nm。采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱串联法(UPLC-T Q MS法)对人参中氨基酸类与核苷类化学成分组成与含量进行分析;分析条件:采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,以含有5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的水溶液为流动相A,以含有1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、1 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速0.40 mL·min-1,柱温为30 ℃,进样量为2 μL;电喷雾(ESI)离子源,正离子模式多反应监测采集。

结果:

在相同生长年限下,生晒参中8个皂苷类成分(人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rd)与7个核苷类成分(胸腺嘧啶、胸苷、尿苷、腺苷、胞苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤)平均总量分别为7.10~12.75、0.194 9~0.878 4 mg·g-1,均高于鲜参;鲜参中可溶性多糖(中性多糖与酸性多糖)与15个氨基酸类成分(L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、β-丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸)平均总量分别为11.03%~18.29%、7.51~13.58 mg·g-1,均高于生晒参。比较3~6年生鲜参与生晒参,发现在6年生人参中可溶性多糖、8个人参皂苷类成分、15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分的平均总量最高,分别为18.29%、12.75 mg·g-1、13.58 mg·g-1、0.878 4 mg·g-1

结论:

不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型成分含量具有差异性,且随生长年限的延长,其可溶性多糖、8个人参皂苷类成分、15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分总量呈增加趋势。研究结果为鲜参与生晒参药效差异物质基础与质量控制提供科学依据。

鲜参  /  生晒参  /  生长年限  /  皂苷类成分  /  多糖类成分  /  氨基酸类成分  /  核苷类成分  /  含量测定
Objective:

To explore the differences of multiple types of chemical constituents in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years,which provided reference for the quality control and comprehensive exploitation of Panax ginseng.

Methods:

The saponins in ginseng was determined by HPLC-ELSD;Analytical conditions:a Dimaonsil® ODS C18 (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used with (A)-water (B) (gradient elution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,the temperature of the drift tube was 100 ℃,the gas flow rate was 2.8 L·min-1. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric was used to determine the soluble polysaccharides. Glucose and glucuronic acid were used as reference substances of the neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide with detection wavelengths of 490 nm and 512 nm,respectively. UPLC-T Q MS was used for analyzing amino acids and nucleosides of Panax ginseng. Analytical conditions:an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) column was used with an aqueous solution containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate,5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate,and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase A,and an acetonitrile solution containing 1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate,1 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate,and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase B with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.40 mL·min-1. Column temperature was 30 ℃,and injectionvolume was 2 μL. Electrospray ion source was adopted with positive ion modes and multi-reaction monitoring and acquisition.

Results:

Under the same growth years,the content of 8 ginsenosides (ginsengside Re,ginsengside Rg1,ginsengside Rf,ginsengside Rb1,ginsengside Rc,ginsengside Rb2,ginsengside Rb3,ginsengside Rd) and 7 nucleosides (thymine,thymidine,uridine,adenosine,cytidine,guanosine,adenine) in white ginseng were higher than that in fresh ginseng,with the average content of 7.10-12.75 mg·g-1and 0.195 0-0.878 4 mg·g-1,respectively. The soluble polysaccharides (neutral polysaccharide,acid polysaccharide) and 15 amino acids (L-leucine,L-phenylalanine,L-tryptophan,gamma-aminobutyric,L-isoleucine,L-valine,L-proline,L-tyrosine,β-alanine,L-threonine,L-glutamine,L-asparagine,L-asparticacid,L-arginine,L-lysine) in fresh ginseng were higher than that in white ginseng,with the average contents of 11.03%-18.29% and 7.61-13.58 mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of 3-6 years old with fresh ginseng and white ginseng revealed that the highest average total amounts of soluble polysaccharides,8 ginsenosides,15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides were found in the 6 years old ginseng,which were 18.29%,12.75 mg·g-1,13.58 mg·g-1,0.878 4 mg·g-1.

Conclusion:

The contents of multiple types of components in fresh ginseng and white ginseng from different growth years were different. The total amount of soluble polysaccharides,8 ginsenosides,15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides all increased with growth years. The results provide scientific basis for efficacy differences and the quality control of fresh ginseng and white ginseng.

fresh ginseng  /  white ginseng  /  growth years  /  ginsenosides  /  polysaccharides  /  amino acids  /  nucleosides  /  content determination
高芳芳, 施亚宁, 李玉琴, 张喆, 尚尔鑫, 宿树兰, 郭盛, 段金廒. 不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型化学成分差异分析与评价. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1722 -1740 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0413
Fang-fang GAO, Ya-ning SHI, Yu-qin LI, Zhe ZHANG, Er-xing SHANG, Shu-lan SU, Sheng GUO, Jin-ao DUAN. Differential analysis and evaluation of multiple types of chemical components in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (10) : 1722 -1740 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0413
人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.为五加科人参属植物,以根、根茎为主要药用部位。人参素有“草药之王”的美誉,最早可见于《神农本草经》,列为上品。味甘、微苦,性微温,归脾、肺、心、肾经,具有大补元气、补脾益肺、生津养血、延年益寿、益智安神等功效。主产于我国东北地区[1],富含人参皂苷、多糖、蛋白质、核苷、挥发油、脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素及微量元素等多种活性成分[2]。人参为多年生草本植物,不同生长年限对其药效成分的累积有直接影响,并与人参药材质量密切相关[3]。作为药食同源药材,人参广泛应用于食品、药品与保健品中。其中,鲜参与生晒参是目前市场上最常见的2种商品规格[4]。鲜参入药时有助于发挥补气、滋阴生津功效,生晒参是鲜参经过低温晒干或烘干制成[5],方便储存和运输,具有大补元气、复脉固脱、补益脾肺等功效,但现代研究并未对不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参差异性物质进行深入分析。
2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》将人参皂苷类成分作为人参质量控制的标准[6],但是仅对3个皂苷类成分定量分析,并不能完全反映出人参药材品质。本试验分别采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器法(HPLC-ELSD法)[7]、紫外-可见分光光度法[8]、超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱串联法(UPLC-T Q MS法)[9]对来自不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中皂苷、多糖、氨基酸与核苷等化学成分进行差异分析,以期探讨多类型成分在不同生长年限人参中的含量变化规律,为鲜参与生晒参的药效物质差异和构建人参质量控制指标体系奠定理论基础。
Agilent 1290 Inffinity Ⅱ高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦公司);Agilent 1290 Infinity Ⅱ蒸发光散射检测器(安捷伦公司);Waters ACQUITY UPLC系统、Xevo TQ检测器、Mass Lynx TM质谱工作站软件(Waters公司);BP211D十万分之一电子天平(赛多利斯科学有限公司);ML204万分之一电子天平(梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司);UV-5100紫外-可见分光光度计(上海元析仪器有限公司);Enspire多功能酶标仪(PerkinElmer公司);KH-500DV超声波清洗器(昆山禾创超声仪器有限公司);D1524R高速冷冻离心机(大龙兴创实验仪器股份有限公司);M67013涡旋震荡器(北京克格仪器有限公司);
对照品人参皂苷Re(批号52286-59-6)、人参皂苷Rg1(批号22427-39-0)、人参皂苷Rf(批号52286-58-5)、人参皂苷Rb1(批号41753-43-9)、人参皂苷Rc(批号11021-14-0)、人参皂苷Rb2(批号11021-13-9)、人参皂苷Rb3(批号68406-26-8)、人参皂苷Rd(批号52705-93-8)购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司,葡萄糖醛酸(批号B1611057)、葡萄糖(批号E1407052)、D-无水葡萄糖对照品(批号110833-202305)购于阿拉丁试剂公司,苯酚(批号20231026)购于天津市光复精细化工研究所,腺苷(批号110869)、酪氨酸(批号110927)、尿苷(批号1001290895)、胸腺嘧啶(批号1000735415)、胸苷(批号1001182662)、胞苷(批号101056866)、γ-氨基丁酸(批号BCBD3661V)、腺嘌呤(批号A8626)、鸟苷(批号119K15841V)、L-天冬酰胺(批号A-8381)、L-甲硫氨酸(批号F20230927)均购于Sigma Chemical Co.(St. Louis,MO),L-天冬氨酸(批号C11512944)、L-苏氨酸(批号C11584158)、β-丙氨酸(批号C10788055)、L-谷氨酰胺(批号C11144809)、L-异亮氨酸(批号C11435950)、L-赖氨酸(批号C1091480)购于上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,L-色氨酸(批号C11475362)、L-亮氨酸(批号C11495324)、L-苯丙氨酸(批号20220316)、L-缬氨酸(批号20230318)、L-脯氨酸(批号20200522)、L-精氨酸(批号20220318)购于惠兴生化试剂有限公司,所有对照品纯度均>98%。
乙腈和甲酸(HPLC级)购自Merck(Darmstadt),超纯水由Milli-Q超纯水仪自制,甲酸铵和乙酸铵(HPLC级)购自国药控股化学试剂有限公司(中国上海),其他化学试剂均为分析纯。
2017—2020年在吉林省抚松县进行批量栽培人参,并于2023年9月统一采集。生晒参样品是由洁净后的同一生长年限鲜参经40~50 ℃烘干而成,其含水量低于12%。所有人参样品经南京中医药大学段金廒教授鉴定为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.的根与根茎。将所有鲜参样品洗晒晾干后,切片,用打粉机打成糊状,于-20 ℃保存备用;所有生晒参样品粉碎,过4号筛,于阴凉干燥处保存备用。
按照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则<2832>第二法进行所有样品含水量测定,含水量结果见表1。结果显示不同生长年限生晒参含水量值均<12.00%,符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》对生晒参含水量要求,样品的含量计算按干重计。
精密称取人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rd的对照品适量,加甲醇溶解并配制成上述成分质量浓度分别为969.50、1 000.10、546.60、834.60、397.50、695.10、105.00、198.70 μg·mL-1的混合溶液,即得。
精密称取人参样品1.0 g,置于25 mL圆底烧瓶中,加10倍量的75%乙醇加热回流1 h,重复提取2次,合并提取液,摇匀,过滤,减压浓缩滤液至2 mL,取浓缩液1.0 mL,13 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液,过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,即得。
采用Dimaonsil® ODS C18 (250 mm×4. 6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,5%A→20%A;10~35 min,20%A;35~37 min,20%A→24%A;37~42 min,24%A→26%A;42~45 min,26%A→31%A;45~55 min,31%A→32%A;55~65 min,32%A→34A%;65~67 min,34%A→36%A),流速1.0 mL·min-1,蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度100 ℃,气体流量2.8 L·min-1,进样10 μL。对照品及6年生生晒参样品色谱图见图1,不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参样品色谱见图2
精密吸取“2.2.1”项下制备的混合照品溶液0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL,分别置于1 mL量瓶中,用甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,制成系列线性对照品溶液。精密吸取系列线性对照品溶液10 μL,按“2.2.3”项色谱条件测定峰面积,以峰面积自然对数值(Y)为纵坐标,进样量自然对数值(X)为横坐标,用最小二乘法进行线性回归,得到回归方程和相关系数,结果见表2
取“2.2.1”项下制备的混合照品溶液,按“2.2.3”项条件连续进样6次,记录各化合物色谱峰峰面积并计算其RSD。结果人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf峰面积的RSD分别为2.0%、1.9%、1.8%、1.3%、1.4%、1.1%、2.1%、1.5%,RSD均<2.5%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取3年生生晒参样品(S2),按“2.2.2”项下方法,平行制备6份供试品溶液,依次进样测定,记录样品中各化合物色谱峰峰面积并计算含量及其RSD。结果人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rf平均含量分别为1.57、1.34、0.096 82、0.530 1、0.226 4、1.51、1.70和0.309 1 mg·g-1,RSD分别为1.9%、2.0%、1.6%、1.3%、2.2%、2.4%、1.5%和2.2%,RSD均<2.5%,表明方法重复性良好。
精密吸取3年生生晒参样品(S2)的供试品溶液10 μL,分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h按“2.2.3”项色谱条件进行测定,记录各化合物的峰面积并计算其RSD。结果人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf峰面积的RSD分别为1.6%、1.4%、1.8%、2.0%、2.1%、1.5%、1.7%、1.9%,RSD均<2.5%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内基本稳定。
精密称取已知含量的3年生生晒参样品(S2)各6份,每份0.5 g,分别精密加入0.796 9 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rb1、0.671 1 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rb2、0.048 64 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rb3、0.266 0 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rc、0.113 8 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rd、0.760 9 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Re、0.872 4 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rg1、0.155 1 mg·mL-1人参皂苷Rf的混合对照品溶液1 mL,按“2.2.2”项方法制备供试溶液,按“2.2.3”项色谱条件测定,结果见表3,表明该方法测定结果准确可靠。
精密称取3~6年生鲜参与生晒参样品各1.0 g,分别按“2.2.2”项方法制备供试品溶液,并依照“2.2.3”项色谱条件进样分析,结果见图3。结果显示3~6年生鲜参与生晒参中8个皂苷类成分(人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb3、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rf)含量均有差异性,在相同加工方式下,6年生人参中8个皂苷类成分总量最高,3年生最低,并且人参皂苷Rb1含量随着生长年限延长而增加,表明人参栽培年限与人参皂苷紧密相关[10]。同一生长年限下,生晒参中8个皂苷成分总含量大于鲜参;生晒参中含量较高的皂苷类成分有人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re,其平均含量之和在4.83~10.81 mg·g-1
精密称取干燥至恒重的葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸的对照品适量,分别置于10 mL量瓶中,用超纯水溶解并定容,制得质量浓度为0.973 9 mg·mL-1的葡萄糖对照品溶液和质量浓度为9.637 μg·mL-1的葡萄糖醛酸对照品溶液。
按照水提醇沉法[11]提取多糖,制备人参可溶性多糖供试品溶液。精密称取人参样品2.0 g,置于50 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入超纯水20 mL,加热回流提取1 h,重复2次,合并提取液,过滤,减压浓缩滤液至约10 mL,加入3倍体积95%乙醇,充分搅拌,放置24 h,抽滤,滤渣用无水乙醇20 mL洗涤2次,真空冷冻干燥,得人参粗多糖。分别精密称取干燥人参粗多糖适量,用超纯水溶解并定容至0.2 g·mL-1,即得。
中性多糖:采用苯酚-硫酸法[12]测定3~6年生鲜参与生晒参中性多糖含量。精密吸取0.973 9 mg·mL-1葡萄糖对照品溶液0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL,分别置于15 mL具塞试管中,加超纯水至2.0 mL,加5%苯酚溶液0.5 mL,摇匀后加入浓硫酸2.5 mL,等待冷却后,涡旋;100 ℃水浴15 min,取出立即进行冰水浴;于490 nm波长下测定吸收度,以吸收度(Y)为纵坐标,溶液质量浓度(X)为横坐标绘制标准曲线,得到回归方程
线性范围0.097 39~0.973 9 mg·mL-1
酸性多糖:采用咔唑-硫酸法[9]测定3~6年生鲜参与生晒参酸性多糖含量。精密称取9.637 μg·mL-1葡萄糖醛酸对照品溶液0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL,分别置于15 mL具塞试管中,加超纯水至1.0 mL,加入12.5 mmol·L-1四硼酸钠溶液5 mL,置于100 ℃水浴10 min;趁热加入0.125%咔唑无水乙醇0.2 mL,涡旋混匀,置于100 ℃水浴15 min,冷却后于512 nm波长下测定吸收度,以吸收度(Y)为纵坐标,溶液质量浓度(X)为横坐标绘制标准曲线,得到回归方程
线性范围0.963 7~9.637 μg·mL-1
精密吸取按“2.3.1”项方法制备的葡萄糖对照品溶液、葡萄糖醛酸对照品溶液各1.0 mL,分别按照“2.3.3”项方法连续进行6次吸收度测定,计算中性多糖与酸性多糖吸收度的RSD分别为2.2%、2.4%,表明该仪器精密度良好。
精密称取6年生生晒参样品(S4)6份各2.0 g,按照“2.3.2”项方法制备供试品溶液,吸取供试品溶液0.4 mL于15 mL具塞试管中,加超纯水至2.0 mL,按“2.3.3”项自“加入5%苯酚溶液0.5 mL”起操作,于490 nm波长下测定吸收度,计算人参中性多糖含量及其RSD。精密吸取上述供试品溶液0.8 mL于15 mL具塞试管中,加超纯水至1.0 mL,按“2.3.3”项自“加入12.5 mmol·L-1四硼酸钠溶液5 mL”起操作,于512 nm波长下测吸收度,计算人参酸性多糖含量及其RSD。中性多糖与酸性多糖平均含量分别为13.10%和1.20%,RSD分别为1.9%、2.2%,表明该方法重复性良好。
精密称取6年生生晒参样品(S4)6份各2.0 g,按照“2.3.2”项方法制备供试品溶液,分别吸取0.4 mL和0.8 mL置于15 mL具塞试管中,用于测定中性多糖与酸性多糖。按“2.3.5”项下方法操作,分别于0、20、40、60、80、100、120 min测定吸收度,计算人参中性多糖与酸性多糖含量,RSD分别为2.2%、2.0%,表明供试品溶液在120 min内稳定。
精密称取已知多糖含量的6年生生晒参样品(S4)6份,每份1.0 g,精密加入与样品中等量的葡萄糖对照品,按“2.3.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,依法测定吸收度。结果见表4。另取已知多糖含量6年生生晒参样品(S4)6份,每份1.0 g,精密加入与样品中等量的葡萄糖醛酸对照品,按“2.3.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,依法测定吸收度。结果见表4,表明该方法测定结果准确可靠。
精密称取3~6年生鲜参与生晒参样品2.0 g,分别按“2.3.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,并依照“2.3.3”项下方法进行中性多糖与酸性多糖的含量测定,结果见图4。不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中性多糖含量范围10.36%~16.16%,酸性多糖含量范围0.67%~2.13%;在同一生长年限下,鲜参的中性多糖和酸性多糖含量均高于生晒参,这与万瑾毅等[13]测定结果一致,可能是鲜参在加工成生晒参过程中一些多糖水解为单糖与低聚糖。不同生长年限中,6年生鲜参中性多糖和酸性多糖含量较高,质量分数分别达到16.16%、2.13%。除了4年生鲜参与生晒参的可溶性多糖含量略高于5年生,其余生长年限人参可溶性多糖含量随着生长年限逐年递增。
分别称取干燥至恒定质量的各核苷类和氨基酸类对照品适量,加超纯水溶解,配制成L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-色氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-酪氨酸、β-丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、胸腺嘧啶、胸苷、尿苷、腺苷、胞苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤的混合对照品溶液,质量浓度分别为188.62、71.63、49.49、484.56、124.23、82.86、228.36、223.11、291.97、120.56、389.44、398.95、408.98、4 692.15、124.09、19.79、30.04、179.93、152.89、17.78、123.67、202.68 μg·mL-1
精密称取人参样品1.0 g,置于100 mL具塞锥形瓶中,加入超纯水40 mL,称定质量,室温静置30 min,25 ℃超声(300 W,40 kHz)提取30 min,用超纯水补足失量,摇匀,过滤,取滤液13 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液过0.22 μm微孔滤膜,即得。
采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (100×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,以含有5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的水溶液为流动相A,以含有1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵、1 mmol·L-1乙酸铵和0.2%甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相B,梯度洗脱(0~3 min,10%A;3~9 min,10%A→18%A;9~15 min,18%A→20%A;15~16 min,20%A→46%A;16~18 min,46%A),流速0.40 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,进样量2 μL。
离子化模式为ESI+,检测方式为多反应监测(MRM),毛细管电压3.0 kV,离子源温度120 ℃,脱溶剂气温度550 ℃,脱溶剂气流速1 000 L·h-1,碰撞气流量0.15 mL·min-1,锥孔气流量50 L·h-1。各成分的锥孔电压、碰撞电压等见表5,各待测成分UPLC-T Q MS图见图5
取“2.4.1”项下制备的混合对照品溶液,用超纯水分别稀释1、5、10、50、100、500倍,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,依次按“2.4.3”项色谱条件和“2.4.4”项下质谱条件进行分析,以峰面积(Y)为纵坐标,对照品溶液质量浓度(X)为横坐标,进行线性回归,绘制标准曲线。以S/N=10计算LOQ,结果见表6
取“2.4.1”项下制备的混合对照品溶液,按“2.4.3”项色谱条件和“2.4.4”项下质谱条件连续进样6次,记录各化合物色谱峰,并计算峰面积。结果β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-脯氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-精氨酸、胸苷、胞苷、尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤峰面积的RSD分别为1.1%、1.9%、1.0%、4.5%、1.8%、2.9%、3.7%、3.1%、1.6%、4.3%、2.4%、2.5%、3.1%、3.0%、1.6%、3.8%、2.6%、2.0%、3.9%、3.6%、1.7%、1.7%,RSD均<5.0%,表明仪器精密度良好。
精密吸取6年生生晒参样品(S4)的供试品溶液10 μL,分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h按“2.4.3”项下色谱条件和“2.4.4”项下质谱条件进行测定,记录各化合物的峰面积并计算含量及其RSD。结果β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-脯氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-精氨酸、胸苷、胞苷、尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤的平均含量分别为0.381 6、0.629 9、0.301 5、0.108 7、0.159 7、0.165 7、0.517 5、0.521 8、0.099 25、0.512 7、0.245 8、0.094 552、0.292 7、0.051 12、6.17、0.005 785、0.022 79、0.231 5、0.198 3、0.158 2、0.261 4和0.001 925 mg·g-1,RSD分别为4.3%、1.8%、2.8%、4.1%、4.1%、2.3%、3.4%、3.5%、3.0%、3.8%、4.1%、3.5%、1.6%、4.2%、1.6%、2.4%、3.5%、4.2%、3.2%、2.0%、4.3%和4.2%,RSD均<5.0%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内基本稳定。
取6年生生晒参样品(S4),按“2.4.2”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,依次进样测定,记录样品中各化合物色谱峰峰面积并计算RSD。结果β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、L-脯氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-天冬酰胺、L-天冬氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-精氨酸、胸苷、胞苷、尿苷、腺苷、鸟苷、胸腺嘧啶和腺嘌呤峰面积的RSD分别为3.6%、3.2%、3.7%、2.3%、3.6%、1.3%、1.9%、1.9%、4.0%、2.2%、2.1%、3.4%、3.4%、3.4%、1.7%、1.6%、1.3%、1.7%、4.0%、3.3%、3.1%、3.1%,RSD均<5.0%,表明方法重复性良好。
精密称取已知含量的6年生生晒参样品(S4)6份,每份0.5 g,分别精密加入与样品中相应待测成分含有量相当的混合对照品溶液1 mL,按“2.4.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,按“2.4.3”项下色谱与“2.4.4”项下质谱条件测定,结果见表7,表明该方法测定结果准确可靠。
精密称取3~6年生鲜参与生晒参样品各1.0 g,分别按“2.4.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,并依照“2.4.3”与“2.4.4”项条件进样分析,结果见图67。随着生长年限延长,鲜参与生晒参中15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分总量呈现递增趋势,并且生晒参中苏氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、酪氨酸、腺嘌呤、腺苷以及鲜参中胞苷的含量变化与此趋势相同,这可能是由于生长期延长,有利于人参中氨基酸类与核苷类成分含量累积[10]。在相同生长年限下,鲜参中15个氨基酸类成分总量高于生晒参,但是生晒参中7个核苷类成分总量高于鲜参,这与高坤等[14]的测定结果一致,可能是鲜参在烘干过程中部分分解代谢物的酶仍存在一定的活性,有利于核苷类成分的积累。通过比较3~6年生鲜参与生晒参,发现6年生鲜参中氨基酸类成分平均总量最高,达13.57 mg·g-1,其中精氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸含量较高,占6年生鲜参氨基酸类成分总量的92.27%,精氨酸可作为人参质量控制重要指标,它是所有氨基酸类成分中含量最高的,占15个氨基酸类成分总量的60.04%~84.83%。
不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型成分含量测定结果(表8)显示不同生长年限与加工方式对人参各类型成分影响趋势不尽相同。相同加工方式下,随着人参生长年限延长,其可溶性多糖、8个人参皂苷类成分、15个氨基酸类成分与7个核苷类成分总量呈增加趋势。相同生长年限下,鲜参中可溶性多糖与15个氨基酸成分总量高于生晒参,而5个皂苷成分与7个核苷成分总量呈现相反趋势,表明不同加工方式对人参有效组分影响存在差异。
目前在国内市场上流通的商品人参的采收期通常是3~6年[15],但《中华人民共和国药典》并未规定人参采收年限,本研究测定了3~6年生鲜参与生晒参中皂苷、多糖、氨基酸、核苷类型成分含量,发现生长年限延长有利于人参活性成分积累[16],鲜参与生晒参在上述4类成分中的总含量变化趋势是随着生长年限的延长而逐年升高。同时,发现了不同加工处理方式会影响人参不同活性成分的含量,从而影响人参的质量。在相同生长年限下,生晒参中的8个人参皂苷类成分与7个核苷类成分含量高于鲜参,而可溶性多糖与15个氨基酸类成分含量却呈现出相反的趋势。除以上2种因素,人参质量还受到产地、种植气候、土壤等多种因素影响[17],本研究发现,与4年生相比,5年生人参中皂苷与多糖的含量下降,这可能是与当地的种植气候变化相关,因此后续还需开展对影响人参药材质量控制相关因素的研究。
本试验研究结果表明不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参中皂苷、多糖、氨基酸与核苷类型成分含量差别明显,而化学成分差异与其发挥不同临床药效紧密相关。人参皂苷是人参主要有效成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、抗肿瘤等药理作用[18]。人参皂苷主要分为酸性人参皂苷与中性人参皂苷,酸性人参皂苷包括丙二酰基人参皂苷和人参皂苷Ro,在高温条件下易分解为相应中性皂苷[19]。目前研究发现200多个人参皂苷,其中人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rg1占人参总皂苷含量的90%左右[20]。本试验测得人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rc等8个中性皂苷成分含量,发现在相同生长年限下生晒参中8个中性皂苷成分总量高于鲜参,使其在降血压、扩张血管、抗癌等方面优势明显[21]。人参皂苷Re在鲜参中含量更高,使其抗氧化、降血糖等药理活性增加[22]。人参皂苷主要分为酸性人参皂苷与中性人参皂苷,酸性人参皂苷包括丙二酰基人参皂苷和人参皂苷Ro,在高温条件下易分解为相应中性皂苷。
人参多糖亦是人参重要活性成分,主要由人参果胶质和中性多糖构成[23]。它具有一定的营养价值和多种生物活性,譬如抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化,调节肠道微生态等[24]。在相同生长年限下鲜参中可溶性多糖含量高于生晒参,但是糖类成分还包括单糖、寡糖等,后续需要进一步对人参糖类具体成分进行测定。人参富含氨基酸和多肽类物质,二者可作为商品人参的重要品质评价指标[25]。精氨酸能够促进细胞更新,发挥抗衰老作用[26]。鲜参中含有较高精氨酸,相比于生晒参,鲜参有较好的美容功效。
综上所述,本研究通过测定不同生长年限鲜参与生晒参多类型成分含量,初步探究了人参多类型成分含量与其采收年限的关系,明确了鲜参与生晒参含量差异,不仅为人参药材品质调控提供参考,还为其在临床上发挥药效作用的活性成分提供科学依据。
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2024年第44卷第10期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0413
  • 接收时间:2024-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-15
  • 出版时间:2024-10-31
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    南京中医药大学 江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心中药资源产业化与方剂创新药物国家地方联合工程研究中心国家中医药管理局中药资源循环利用重点研究室 江苏省方剂高技术研究重点实验室,南京 210023

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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