Article(id=1239256900173361525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704124800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773391469280, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773391469280, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773391469280, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391469280, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239256891017195761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='921', pageEnd='1104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773391467098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391544580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1097, endPage=1104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239256900399853951, articleId=1239256900173361525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Comparison and optimization of content determination method for morphine sulfate suppositories*, columnId=1206272758774821315, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Standard Deliberation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To optimize the content determination method of morphine sulfate suppositories, which had high toxicity of extraction solvent and poor specificity and generality of chromatographic conditions.

Methods:

The optimization of the preparation method for the test solution was to prepare the test solution by ice bath freezing and n-heptane extraction, and to compare the content determination results of the test solution prepared by the United States Pharmacopeia method (extracted with trichloromethane). The optimization of chromatographic conditions for content determination was based on the comprehensive comparison of United States Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia and YBH specification. Symmetry C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was finally used. The mobile phase was 0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 0.202% sodium heptane sulfonate (containing 0.1% triethylamine, adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid) -methanol (70∶30). The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 284 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL.

Results:

The content measured by ice bath freezing method was relatively low, while the content measured by n-heptane extraction and trichloromethane extraction was basically consistent, indicating that n-heptane could be used as extraction solvent instead of halogenated alkane. The linear range of morphine sulfate was 2.12-105.94 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9), and the LOQ was 10.60 ng. The RSD values of system precision, repeatability, intermediate precision and stability were all less than 2%. The average recoveries were 98.6%-99.6% and RSD was 0.21%-0.66%. After forced degradation, the main peak of the tested solution could be separated from the degraded impurities, with good specificity. By changing the flow rate, column temperature, pH value, mobile phase ratio and column brand, the main peak could be well separated from each impurity peak, with good robustness.

Conclusions:

This study optimized the determination method for morphine sulfate suppositories. The preparation of the test solution used n-heptane instead of the highly toxic haloalkane, and meanwhile improved the chromatographic conditions, enhanced the environmental protection, specificity and applicability of the method. It can be used for the content determination of morphine sulfate suppositories.

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目的:

针对硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法中萃取溶剂毒性较高以及色谱条件专属性、通用性欠佳的问题进行优化。

方法:

供试品溶液制备方法的优化是采用冰浴冷冻法和正庚烷萃取法制备供试品溶液,并与美国药典方法(三氯甲烷萃取)制备的供试品溶液进行含量测定结果的比较。含量测定色谱条件的优化是在综合比较美国药典、英国药典以及YBH标准的基础上,最终采用Symmetry C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以含0.202%庚烷磺酸钠的0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,用磷酸调节pH至2.5)-甲醇(70∶30)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为284 nm,进样体积为20 μL。

结果:

采用冰浴冷冻法测得的含量偏低,而正庚烷萃取与三氯甲烷萃取的含量测定结果基本一致,说明可采用正庚烷替代卤代烷烃作为萃取溶剂。采用新建色谱方法,硫酸吗啡的线性范围为2.12~105.94 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),定量限为10.60 ng;系统精密度、重复性、中间精密度、稳定性的RSD均小于2%;平均回收率为98.6%~99.6%,RSD为0.21%~0.66%;供试品溶液经强制降解后主峰与各降解杂质均能够实现良好的分离,专属性良好;通过改变流速、柱温、pH、流动相比例以及色谱柱品牌,均能够实现主峰与各杂质峰的良好分离,耐用性良好。

结论:

本研究优化了硫酸吗啡栓的含量测定方法,供试品溶液的制备采用正庚烷代替了高毒性的卤代烷烃,同时改善了色谱条件,提高了方法的环保性、专属性和适用性,可用于硫酸吗啡栓含量的测定。

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** Tel:18009710829;E-mail:
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Environ Poll Control201638(10):72, articleTitle=Pollution characters and health risk assessment of VHCs in ambient air in Zhengzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239268361058702116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=531, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=窦艳丽, 张乃斌, 陈真, journalName=药物分析杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=窦艳丽,张乃斌,陈真,等. 对乙酰氨基酚栓国家药品评价性抽检工作中发现的问题及解决方案[J]. 药物分析杂志202242(3):531, articleTitle=对乙酰氨基酚栓国家药品评价性抽检工作中发现的问题及解决方案, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239268361125810984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=531, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=DOU YL, ZHANG NB, CHEN Z, journalName=Chin J Pharm Anal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOU YLZHANG NBCHEN Z,et al. 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Chin J Pharm Anal200929(8):1364, articleTitle=RP-HPLC determination of clotrimazole suppositories, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239268356700820138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, awardId=青科发规[2022]84号, language=CN, fundingSource=*青海省2022年第3批新开科技计划项目(青科发规[2022]84号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239268348026999103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268348035387712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, companyId=1239268348026999103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268348043776321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, 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journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=System suitability chromatogram under USP-NF 2023 chromatographic conditions, figureFileSmall=e+Qbx6UlKELfWQP0z9mDPw==, figureFileBig=54uRp50pXAdrn1JTvDfzNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268353408291401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=图1, caption=USP-NF 2023色谱条件下系统适用性图谱, figureFileSmall=e+Qbx6UlKELfWQP0z9mDPw==, figureFileBig=54uRp50pXAdrn1JTvDfzNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268353567674961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=System suitability chromatogram under BP 2023 chromatographic conditions, figureFileSmall=OtsZ4YA1TQncDafLdKkyIA==, figureFileBig=+fjz2oeRyOtPy+bLV517qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355115373146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, 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chromatogram under optimized chromatographic conditions, figureFileSmall=3zez7FnqWYnAQxk/09vL6A==, figureFileBig=sIR0rS8/3OwyDY7uT0x+sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355513832047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=图4, caption=优化后色谱条件下系统适用性图谱, figureFileSmall=3zez7FnqWYnAQxk/09vL6A==, figureFileBig=sIR0rS8/3OwyDY7uT0x+sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355601912438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Specificity chromatograms, figureFileSmall=mSIVMnr89sf5NIT2RGzSgA==, figureFileBig=3vfOqxKreoIeREPTJO27Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355694187127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=图5, caption=专属性色谱图, figureFileSmall=mSIVMnr89sf5NIT2RGzSgA==, figureFileBig=3vfOqxKreoIeREPTJO27Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355799044734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Content determination results obtained using different preparation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample number)
含量(assay)/%
冰浴冷冻法(ice bath freezing method)正庚烷萃取法(n-heptane extraction method)参照方法(reference method)
B194.898.497.9
B293.497.898.2
B393.799.298.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355903902338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采用不同供试品制备方法得到的含量测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(sample number)
含量(assay)/%
冰浴冷冻法(ice bath freezing method)正庚烷萃取法(n-heptane extraction method)参照方法(reference method)
B194.898.497.9
B293.497.898.2
B393.799.298.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356004565639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of chromatographic conditions for content determination of morphine sulfate suppositories in different specification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比条件
(contrast conditions)
USP-NF
2023
BP
2023
YBH标准
(YBH specification)
色谱条件(chromatographic condition)取庚烷磺酸钠5.5 g,加水700 mL溶解,加入300 mL甲醇和10 mL冰醋酸;流速:1.5 mL·min-1;柱温:30 ℃;检测波长:284 nm;色谱柱:C18柱,4.6 mm×250 mm。(dissolve 5.5 g of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate in 700 mL of water,and add 300 mL of methanol and 10 mL of glacial acetic acid;flow rate:1.5 mL·min-1;column temperature:30 ℃;detector:284 nm;column:4.6 mm×250 mm,C18)60%甲醇溶液(含0.005 mol·L-1丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠和0.01 mol·L-1醋酸钠)用冰醋酸调节pH至5.5;流速:2.0 mL·min-1;柱温:室温;检测波长:285 nm;色谱柱:Nucleosil C18柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm),C18柱适合。[0.005 mol·L-1 dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 0.01 mol·L-1 sodium acetate in methanol (60%) adjusted to pH 5.5 with glacial acetic acid;flow rate:2.0 mL·min-1;column temperature:room temperature;detector:285 nm;column:Nucleosil C18(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm)]甲醇-庚烷磺酸钠醋酸溶液(取庚烷磺酸钠2.02 g,加水适量溶解,加冰醋酸5 mL,加水稀释至1 000 mL,摇匀)(50∶50);检测波长:233 nm;色谱柱:C18柱。 [(dissolve 2.02 g of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate in water,and add 5 mL of glacial acetic acid,dilute to 1 000 mL with water-methol (50∶50);detector:233 nm;column:C18]
含量限度范围
(acceptance criteria)
90.0%~110.0%95.0%~105.0%95.0%~105.0%
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356113617550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同质量标准中硫酸吗啡栓含量测定色谱条件对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比条件
(contrast conditions)
USP-NF
2023
BP
2023
YBH标准
(YBH specification)
色谱条件(chromatographic condition)取庚烷磺酸钠5.5 g,加水700 mL溶解,加入300 mL甲醇和10 mL冰醋酸;流速:1.5 mL·min-1;柱温:30 ℃;检测波长:284 nm;色谱柱:C18柱,4.6 mm×250 mm。(dissolve 5.5 g of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate in 700 mL of water,and add 300 mL of methanol and 10 mL of glacial acetic acid;flow rate:1.5 mL·min-1;column temperature:30 ℃;detector:284 nm;column:4.6 mm×250 mm,C18)60%甲醇溶液(含0.005 mol·L-1丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠和0.01 mol·L-1醋酸钠)用冰醋酸调节pH至5.5;流速:2.0 mL·min-1;柱温:室温;检测波长:285 nm;色谱柱:Nucleosil C18柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm),C18柱适合。[0.005 mol·L-1 dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 0.01 mol·L-1 sodium acetate in methanol (60%) adjusted to pH 5.5 with glacial acetic acid;flow rate:2.0 mL·min-1;column temperature:room temperature;detector:285 nm;column:Nucleosil C18(4.6 mm×100 mm,5 μm)]甲醇-庚烷磺酸钠醋酸溶液(取庚烷磺酸钠2.02 g,加水适量溶解,加冰醋酸5 mL,加水稀释至1 000 mL,摇匀)(50∶50);检测波长:233 nm;色谱柱:C18柱。 [(dissolve 2.02 g of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate in water,and add 5 mL of glacial acetic acid,dilute to 1 000 mL with water-methol (50∶50);detector:233 nm;column:C18]
含量限度范围
(acceptance criteria)
90.0%~110.0%95.0%~105.0%95.0%~105.0%
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356218475157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of recovery test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
(levels)/%
测得量
(detected)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
808.218.1198.898.60.21
8.208.0798.4
8.178.0698.7
10010.2110.0798.699.00.66
10.1510.1299.7
10.3310.1898.6
12012.2512.27100.299.60.52
12.2012.1299.3
12.3012.2199.3
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356310749850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回收率试验结果(n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
(levels)/%
测得量
(detected)/mg
加入量
(added)/mg
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
808.218.1198.898.60.21
8.208.0798.4
8.178.0698.7
10010.2110.0798.699.00.66
10.1510.1299.7
10.3310.1898.6
12012.2512.27100.299.60.52
12.2012.1299.3
12.3012.2199.3
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356394635935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of robustness

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条件
(condition)
参数
(parameter)
主峰与杂质F的分离度
(separation of main peak from impurity F)
流速(flow rate)/(mL·min-10.82.5
1.22.2
柱温(column temperature)/℃252.3
352.3
pH2.32.4
2.72.4
流动相比例(mobile phase composition)68∶322.2
72∶282.7
色谱柱(column)SHIM-PACK GIST C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)1.6
THERMO Hypersil GOLD C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)1.7
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356491104930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256900173361525, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

耐用性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条件
(condition)
参数
(parameter)
主峰与杂质F的分离度
(separation of main peak from impurity F)
流速(flow rate)/(mL·min-10.82.5
1.22.2
柱温(column temperature)/℃252.3
352.3
pH2.32.4
2.72.4
流动相比例(mobile phase composition)68∶322.2
72∶282.7
色谱柱(column)SHIM-PACK GIST C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)1.6
THERMO Hypersil GOLD C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)1.7
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硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法的比较和优化*
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吕蓓蓓 1, 2, 3 , 张敏娟 1, 2, 3, ** , 魏文芝 1, 2, 3 , 陈学艳 1, 2, 3
药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2024,44(6): 1097-1104
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药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2024, 44(6): 1097-1104
硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法的比较和优化*
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吕蓓蓓1, 2, 3 , 张敏娟1, 2, 3, ** , 魏文芝1, 2, 3, 陈学艳1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.青海省药品检验检测院,西宁 810016
  • 2.国家药品监督管理局中药(藏药)质量控制重点实验室,西宁 810016
  • 3.青海省中藏药现代化研究重点实验室,西宁 810016
  • Tel: 18997292064;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel:18009710829;E-mail:
Comparison and optimization of content determination method for morphine sulfate suppositories*
Bei-bei LÜ1, 2, 3 , Min-juan ZHANG1, 2, 3, ** , Wen-zhi WEI1, 2, 3, Xue-yan CHEN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China
  • 2.NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan Medicine, Xining 810016, China
  • 3.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Modernization of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Xining 810016, China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22
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目的:

针对硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法中萃取溶剂毒性较高以及色谱条件专属性、通用性欠佳的问题进行优化。

方法:

供试品溶液制备方法的优化是采用冰浴冷冻法和正庚烷萃取法制备供试品溶液,并与美国药典方法(三氯甲烷萃取)制备的供试品溶液进行含量测定结果的比较。含量测定色谱条件的优化是在综合比较美国药典、英国药典以及YBH标准的基础上,最终采用Symmetry C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以含0.202%庚烷磺酸钠的0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,用磷酸调节pH至2.5)-甲醇(70∶30)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为284 nm,进样体积为20 μL。

结果:

采用冰浴冷冻法测得的含量偏低,而正庚烷萃取与三氯甲烷萃取的含量测定结果基本一致,说明可采用正庚烷替代卤代烷烃作为萃取溶剂。采用新建色谱方法,硫酸吗啡的线性范围为2.12~105.94 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),定量限为10.60 ng;系统精密度、重复性、中间精密度、稳定性的RSD均小于2%;平均回收率为98.6%~99.6%,RSD为0.21%~0.66%;供试品溶液经强制降解后主峰与各降解杂质均能够实现良好的分离,专属性良好;通过改变流速、柱温、pH、流动相比例以及色谱柱品牌,均能够实现主峰与各杂质峰的良好分离,耐用性良好。

结论:

本研究优化了硫酸吗啡栓的含量测定方法,供试品溶液的制备采用正庚烷代替了高毒性的卤代烷烃,同时改善了色谱条件,提高了方法的环保性、专属性和适用性,可用于硫酸吗啡栓含量的测定。

硫酸吗啡栓  /  冰浴  /  萃取  /  三氯甲烷  /  正庚烷  /  优化  /  含量测定  /  高效液相色谱
Objective:

To optimize the content determination method of morphine sulfate suppositories, which had high toxicity of extraction solvent and poor specificity and generality of chromatographic conditions.

Methods:

The optimization of the preparation method for the test solution was to prepare the test solution by ice bath freezing and n-heptane extraction, and to compare the content determination results of the test solution prepared by the United States Pharmacopeia method (extracted with trichloromethane). The optimization of chromatographic conditions for content determination was based on the comprehensive comparison of United States Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia and YBH specification. Symmetry C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was finally used. The mobile phase was 0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 0.202% sodium heptane sulfonate (containing 0.1% triethylamine, adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid) -methanol (70∶30). The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 284 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL.

Results:

The content measured by ice bath freezing method was relatively low, while the content measured by n-heptane extraction and trichloromethane extraction was basically consistent, indicating that n-heptane could be used as extraction solvent instead of halogenated alkane. The linear range of morphine sulfate was 2.12-105.94 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9), and the LOQ was 10.60 ng. The RSD values of system precision, repeatability, intermediate precision and stability were all less than 2%. The average recoveries were 98.6%-99.6% and RSD was 0.21%-0.66%. After forced degradation, the main peak of the tested solution could be separated from the degraded impurities, with good specificity. By changing the flow rate, column temperature, pH value, mobile phase ratio and column brand, the main peak could be well separated from each impurity peak, with good robustness.

Conclusions:

This study optimized the determination method for morphine sulfate suppositories. The preparation of the test solution used n-heptane instead of the highly toxic haloalkane, and meanwhile improved the chromatographic conditions, enhanced the environmental protection, specificity and applicability of the method. It can be used for the content determination of morphine sulfate suppositories.

morphine sulfate suppositories  /  ice bath  /  extraction  /  trichloromethane  /  n-heptane  /  optimization  /  content determination  /  high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)
吕蓓蓓, 张敏娟, 魏文芝, 陈学艳. 硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法的比较和优化*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1097 -1104 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22
Bei-bei LÜ, Min-juan ZHANG, Wen-zhi WEI, Xue-yan CHEN. Comparison and optimization of content determination method for morphine sulfate suppositories*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1097 -1104 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22
吗啡是一种经典而强效的麻醉性镇痛药,对晚期癌痛、手术后疼痛、严重外伤、内脏绞痛等多种原因引起的疼痛作用明显[1-3]。晚期癌症患者的疼痛发生率可高达50%[4],疼痛对癌症患者的躯体、心理及社会人际关系等方面均有不同程度影响,甚至导致严重的精神症状,如自杀倾向等[5]。不能口服给药控制疼痛的患者,特别是因伴有恶心、呕吐、胃肠道梗阻、精神状态改变时,采用直肠给药更为适合。已有文献[6-7]报道,与口服、注射给药相比,栓剂直肠给药不仅解决了许多癌症患者吞咽困难的服药问题,而且避免肝脏首关效应,毒副作用降低。
硫酸吗啡栓最早由普渡制药公司(Purdue Pharma Std)研发,并于1995年在加拿大上市,适应症为剧烈疼痛[8],目前该剂型已有国产药品上市。硫酸吗啡栓质量标准收载于《英国药典》2023 版(BP 2023)[9]、《美国药典》2023 版(USP-NF 2023)[10]以及国家食品药品监督管理局标准YBH02582008[11](YBH标准)中。其主要杂质为伪吗啡(杂质B)、奥列巴文(杂质C)、吗啡酮(杂质E)、可待因(杂质A)、10-羟基吗啡(杂质D)以及吗啡氮氧化物(杂质F)[9]。通过比较研究发现,上述3个质量标准中的含量测定法均为高效液相色谱法,其中BP 2023含量测定方法的专属性不高,主峰与杂质E无法基线分离,且该方法色谱条件中的离子对试剂以及色谱柱并不常见,方法普及性不高;USP-NF 2023含量测定方法在测定过程中压力超过400 bar,常规液相色谱难以承受,需要使用更高耐压范围的液相色谱;YBH标准含量测定方法中主峰与杂质D、F、E存在共洗脱现象,无法基线分离,专属性较差。
为了建立一个更加简便、通用、专属性强的硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法,采用庚烷磺酸钠-磷酸盐-甲醇洗脱系统在高效液相色谱仪中进行等度洗脱,杂质D、F、主峰、杂质E、A、C、B依次出峰,且分离良好。相较于BP 2023以及USP-NF 2023中含量测定方法,该方法使用的试剂更加普遍易得,在不同液相色谱仪以及色谱柱之间切换均有良好的耐用性。
另外,在供试品溶液制备过程中,USP-NF 2023及YBH标准中采用三氯甲烷-0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液体系进行供试品的萃取制备,BP 2023中则采用二氯甲烷-0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液体系。虽然卤代烷烃是实验室常用的有机溶剂,但其毒性问题越来越受到关注。其中三氯甲烷具有致癌性、生殖毒性和光毒性[12-13],二氯甲烷具有致癌性和特异性靶器官毒性[12],二者都会造成温室效应,破坏臭氧层[14]。为了尽量减少卤代烷烃带来的健康和环境问题,降低高毒性试剂的使用频率,采用冰浴冷冻法[15-17]、正庚烷萃取法进行供试品溶液的制备,并与USP-NF 2023中的含量测定方法进行对比研究。采用冰浴冷冻法虽然简便环保,但含量测定结果偏低;而采用正庚烷萃取法可有效提取出药物成分,分离栓剂中的脂肪性基质,替代原方法中高毒性的三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷。
综上,本研究对硫酸吗啡栓含量测定的色谱条件和供试品制备方法进行了系统的改进和优化,可为硫酸吗啡栓含量测定方法的提高提供参考。
Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪(二极管阵列检测器;Agilent公司);Waters e2695 型高效液相色谱仪(二极管阵列检测器;Waters公司);PB-21 型酸度计(Sartorious公司);CP 225 D型十万分之一电子天平(Sartorious公司);KQ-500 DE型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);THZ-82A水浴恒温震荡器(常州金坛良友仪器有限公司);Milli-Q Advantage A 10 超纯水系统(Merck millipore公司)。
硫酸吗啡对照品(批号171238-201708,以(C17H19NO3)2·H2SO4·5H2O计,含量87.3%)、杂质A对照品(批号171203-201808,以C18H21NO3·H3PO4·1/2H2O计,含量96.9%)购于中国食品药品检定研究院,对照品杂质B(批号6-KPA-114-1,含量98.0%)、杂质C(批号3-AMA-37-2,含量99.6%)、杂质D(批号1-YSS-125-4,含量98.0%)、杂质E(批号6-RGP-114-1,含量95.8%)、杂质F(批号1-JBZ-90-1,含量98.0%)购于TORONTO RESEARCH CHEMICALS INC.,硫酸吗啡栓(样品编号B1、B2、B3,A企业,3批次规格均为20 mg),甲醇为色谱纯,水为超纯水,其他试剂均为分析纯。
取杂质A、B、C、D、E、F和硫酸吗啡对照品各适量,加0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液溶解并稀释制成每1 mL中约含杂质A、B、C、D、E、F各10 μg、硫酸吗啡50 μg的溶液,作为系统适用性溶液。
取硫酸吗啡对照品适量,精密称定,加0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液溶解并定量稀释制成每1 mL中约含50 μg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。
取本品10粒,精密称定,切碎,混匀,精密称取适量(约相当于硫酸吗啡10 mg),置分液漏斗中,加正庚烷20 mL,振摇使基质溶解,加入0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液20 mL,轻微振摇,静置,待辅料粉末落入水层后,将水层及辅料粉末转移到200 mL量瓶中。继续用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液振摇提取正庚烷层3次,每次20 mL,合并提取液至200 mL量瓶中,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液作为供试品溶液。
采用简单环保的冰浴冷冻法或换用更加安全低毒的正庚烷替代卤代烷烃进行供试品的制备,并选择USP-NF 2023中的供试品制备方法作为参照方法进行对比研究。
取硫酸吗啡栓10粒,精密称定,切碎,混匀,精密称取适量(约相当于硫酸吗啡10 mg),置200 mL量瓶中,加0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液适量,在60 ℃水浴中超声(200 W,40 kHz)30 min,然后在60~70 ℃水浴振荡器中振摇1 h,放冷,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,置于冰浴中放置2 h后,直接趁冷滤过。待续滤液达到室温后再进行分析测定。
取上述切碎混匀的栓剂,精密称取适量(约相当于硫酸吗啡10 mg),置分液漏斗中,照“2.3”项方法制备供试品溶液。
照USP-NF 2023中硫酸吗啡栓含量测定的提取方法,取上述切碎混匀的栓剂,精密称取适量(约相当于硫酸吗啡10 mg),置分液漏斗中,加三氯甲烷20 mL与0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液20 mL,振摇使栓剂溶解。转移三氯甲烷层,水层再用三氯甲烷20 mL进行提取,合并三氯甲烷层。用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液提取三氯甲烷层2次,每次20 mL,合并水层至200 mL量瓶中,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液作为供试品溶液。
取上述3种制备方法得到的供试品溶液按“5.1”项下色谱条件进样分析,采用外标法计算含量,结果采用冰浴冷冻法测得的含量偏低,正庚烷萃取法与参照方法的含量测定结果基本一致,如表1所示。说明冰浴冷冻法并不能完全提取出有效成分,而正庚烷可替代卤代烷烃作为萃取溶剂。
BP 2023、USP-NF 2023与YBH标准的色谱条件在流动相组成、仪器参数、色谱柱规格等方面均有一定差异,详见表2
取系统适用性溶液,照表2中各质量标准的色谱条件分别进行测定,结果在USP-NF 2023色谱条件下柱压超过400 bar,一般液相色谱难以承受,更换150 mm的C18柱,流速不变,压力也达到了260 bar左右,故该方法对仪器的要求比较苛刻。采用150 mm的C18柱进行测定,主峰保留时间为13.1 min,各相邻杂质间能够较好地分离,如图1所示。
在BP 2023色谱条件下,主峰保留时间为2.7 min,主峰与杂质E无法基线分离,如图2所示。另外,该方法使用的离子对试剂丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠以及10 cm长度的色谱柱并不常见,专属性和普适性欠佳。
在YBH标准色谱条件下,设定流速为1.0 mL·min-1,进样体积为20 μL,柱温为30 ℃,色谱柱为Symmetry C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),主峰保留时间为2.8 min,杂质D、F、E与主峰存在共洗脱现象,无法基线分离,专属性较差,如图3所示。
Symmetry C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);以含0.202%庚烷磺酸钠的0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.1%三乙胺,用磷酸调节pH至2.5)-甲醇(70∶30)为流动相,检测波长为284 nm,柱温为30 ℃,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,进样体积为20 μL。
取对照品溶液连续进样6针,峰面积的RSD为0.080%,理论板数按主峰计算,均值为8 382,系统精密度良好。取系统适用性溶液进行测定,结果各杂质之间以及主峰与相邻杂质之间均能实现良好的分离,其中杂质F与主峰的分离度为2.5,说明杂质不干扰主峰含量测定结果,如图4所示。
取切碎的硫酸吗啡栓适量,相当于硫酸吗啡10 mg,置分液漏斗中,加入正庚烷20 mL,待样品溶解后,加入0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液20 mL,轻微振摇,静置,待辅料粉末落入水层后,将水层及辅料粉末转移到100 mL量瓶中。继续用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液(20 mL)提取正庚烷层3次,合并水层置100 mL量瓶,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,得破坏试验供试品储备液。精密量取上述储备液5 mL,置10 mL量瓶中,进行不同条件下的降解试验:(1)加1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液2 mL,放置24 h后,加1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液2 mL,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得酸破坏溶液;(2)加1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液2 mL,放置24 h后,加1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液2 mL,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得碱破坏溶液;(3)加30%过氧化氢溶液2 mL,放置24 h,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得氧化破坏溶液;(4)样品置沸水浴加热1 h,放冷,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得高温破坏溶液;(5)于4 500 lx光照箱中放置24 h,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得光照破坏溶液;(6)用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,得未破坏溶液。取上述6种溶液,照“5.1”项下的色谱条件进行测定,典型色谱图见图5。结果硫酸吗啡栓在酸和光照破坏条件下未检出降解杂质,在碱、氧化、高温破坏条件下主要检出杂质B,杂质峰均能与主峰良好分离,表明该方法专属性良好。
取硫酸吗啡对照品适量,精密称定,置100 mL量瓶中,加0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液溶解并稀释至刻度,制成每1 mL中含硫酸吗啡约100 μg的溶液,作为线性储备液。精密量取线性储备液0.2、0.5、1、2、5、8 mL,置10 mL量瓶中,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至刻度,得系列线性溶液。取上述线性溶液及线性储备液进行测定,以峰面积A为纵坐标,浓度(C,μg·mL-1)为横坐标进行线性回归,得回归方程:
线性范围在2.12~105.94 μg·mL-1呈良好线性关系。
取对照品溶液,用0.01 mol·L-1盐酸溶液逐步稀释,计算硫酸吗啡的定量限(S/N=10)。结果硫酸吗啡的定量限为10.60 ng。
配制6份供试品溶液进行重复性考察,结果6份供试品含量测定结果的均值为98.9%,RSD为0.63%,表明该方法重复性良好。在不同日期,换用不同液相色谱仪,重新配制6份供试品溶液进行中间精密度考察,结果含量测定均值为98.5%,RSD为0.48%,表明该方法中间精密度良好。
取硫酸吗啡栓剂辅料,按处方比例分别称取3份空白辅料(每份相当于60 mg硫酸吗啡空白辅料量),然后分别加入处方量80%、100%、120%的硫酸吗啡原料,于45 ℃水浴中融化并不断搅拌,取出,在冷却过程中不断搅拌,避免分层。待样品凝固后,用小刀切碎,混合均匀,每个水平取3份样品,照“2.3”项下方法制备供试品并计算回收率。结果各水平的回收率为98.6%~99.6%,RSD为0.21%~0.66%,证明准确度良好,见表3
分别取硫酸吗啡对照品溶液及供试品溶液于0、2、4、6、8、12、18、24 h进行测定,考察硫酸吗啡峰面积的变化,结果硫酸吗啡对照品溶液及供试品溶液在24 h内主峰面积RSD分别为0.24%、0.44%,说明对照品溶液及供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
通过略微改变流速、柱温、pH、流动相比例以及换用不同色谱柱来考察方法的耐用性。结果,系统适用性溶液在色谱条件参数微小变动的情况下,主峰与最难分离的杂质F之间的分离度均符合要求,说明耐用性良好,见表4
硫酸吗啡在210~230 nm以及284 nm的波长处均有吸收,但辅料混合脂肪酸甘油酯以及聚山梨酯80在低波长处均有吸收,故选择284 nm作为检测波长,避免辅料干扰。
硫酸吗啡可溶于水,需选择与水不混溶的有机溶剂将目标成分与样品基质分离。通过考察乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正庚烷3种溶剂,发现乙醚和乙酸乙酯在提取过程中极易乳化,故最终选择正庚烷作为萃取溶剂。
USP-NF 2023和YBH标准中采用庚烷磺酸钠作为离子对试剂,BP 2023中采用丁二酸二辛酯磺酸钠作为离子对试剂,为使色谱条件具有更好的适用性,采用更加普遍易得的庚烷磺酸钠进行试验。
USP-NF 2023的色谱条件系统压力过大可能是庚烷磺酸钠的用量偏大所致。为了降低液相色谱仪的压力,提高色谱柱的使用寿命,将离子对试剂的用量进行了调整,当浓度为0.202%时能够实现良好的分离。
  • *青海省2022年第3批新开科技计划项目(青科发规[2022]84号)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22
  • 接收时间:2024-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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*青海省2022年第3批新开科技计划项目(青科发规[2022]84号)
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    1.青海省药品检验检测院,西宁 810016
    2.国家药品监督管理局中药(藏药)质量控制重点实验室,西宁 810016
    3.青海省中藏药现代化研究重点实验室,西宁 810016

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.22
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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