Article(id=1239256898487251297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.12, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692201600000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773391468879, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773391468879, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773391468879, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391468879, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239256891017195761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='921', pageEnd='1104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773391467098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391544580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1017, endPage=1023, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239256900110446961, articleId=1239256898487251297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Determination and preliminary risk assessment of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” by isotope-labeled internal standard-UHPLC-MS/MS in combination with QuEChERS method*, columnId=1239256892686520399, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitorin, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To determine the content of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang”, and to carry out the preliminary risk assessment based on the determination results.

Methods:

After optimization of QuEChERS extraction, the content of acrylamide was determined by the method of isotope-labeled internal standard-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (isotope-labeled IS-UHPLC-MS/MS). The determination was carried out with a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) as the stationary phase, gradient elution was carried out with methanol-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, 13C3 acrylamide as the internal standard, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to detect the residual acrylamide.

Results:

The content ranges of acrylamide in 247 batches of samples were 0-26 403 μg·kg-1. These contents exceeded the regulations stipulated by some nations or organizations, and posed certain safety risks in long-term use.

Conclusion:

The method established in this study is rapid, simple, sensitive and reproducible, and will lay a scientific basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” and other genuine medicinal materials.

, correspAuthors=Ying-ni PAN, Cheng ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying ZHOU, Zhe XU, Wen-ting ZHANG, Yue-mei ZHOU, Xiao-ying XU, Wei-liang ZHAO, Ying-ni PAN, Cheng ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239256901410681285, articleId=1239256898487251297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=同位素内标-UHPLC-MS/MS联用QuEChERS法检测“浙八味”等道地药材中丙烯酰胺含量及初步风险评估*, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

以“浙八味”为对象,研究建立中药材中丙烯酰胺含量的通用测定方法,并根据测定结果进行初步风险评估。

方法:

样品经过优化的QuEChERS技术提取后,采用同位素内标-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)法测定丙烯酰胺的含量,以Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为固定相,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以13C3丙烯酰胺为内标,以多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测丙烯酰胺的残留量。

结果:

247批样品中丙烯酰胺的含量范围为0~26 403 μg·kg-1,含量超过部分国家或组织的规定,长期使用存在一定的安全风险。

结论:

本研究所建立的方法快速、简单,具有较好的灵敏度与重复性,为“浙八味”等道地中药材中丙烯酰胺的质量控制和安全性评价提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=潘英妮, 郑成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 郑成 Tel:(0571)86459425;E-mail:;
潘英妮 Tel:(024)43520719;E-mail:
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周颖 Tel: (0571)86459414;E-mail:

徐哲 Tel: 13630902846; E-mail:

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J Sep Sci201538(13):2272, articleTitle=Direct determination of acrylamide in food by gas chromatography with nitrogen chemiluminescence detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239268362035974968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=匿名, journalName=营养学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=匿名. 中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年) [J]. 营养学报202042(6):521, articleTitle=中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239268362132443962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=6, pageStart=521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Anonym, journalName=Acta Nutr Sin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anonym. Report on nutrition and chronic diseases in China(2020)[J]. Acta Nutr Sin202042(6):521, articleTitle=Report on nutrition and chronic diseases in China(2020), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239268356172337809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, awardId=2019010, language=CN, fundingSource=*“浙八味”“新浙八味”炮制品中丙烯酰胺(AM)残留检测研究-浙江省药品监督管理局科技计划项目(2019010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239268347725009193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268347729203499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347725009193, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268347737592107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347725009193, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江省食品药品检验研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,杭州 310052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239268347850838320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268347863421233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347850838320, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268347871809842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347850838320, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.杭州师范大学药学院,杭州 311121)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239268347989250365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268348006027581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347989250365, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268348014416190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, companyId=1239268347989250365, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239268354981155415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Typical chromatograms of acrylamide, figureFileSmall=zv68EG9nENJx/3motCn8aQ==, figureFileBig=b8QMAMFLLeu+aWtX7j+hMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355174093406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=CN, label=图1, caption=丙烯酰胺典型色谱图

A.对照品(reference substance) B.样品(sample) C.内标(internal standard) D.空白样品(blank)

, figureFileSmall=zv68EG9nENJx/3motCn8aQ==, figureFileBig=b8QMAMFLLeu+aWtX7j+hMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268355304116837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Results of recovery of acrylamide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
已知量
(original)/(μg·kg-1)
加入量
(added)/(μg·L-1)
测得量
(measured)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)
n=3)/%
RSD
n=3)/%
669.77254.75899.8291.7 89.76.2
641.16254.75850.3683.4
664.84254.75900.6194.0
694.79407.6 1053.7389.5 90.54.2
642.88407.61 023.1294.8
647.04407.6997.5187.4
661.641 0191 577.7491.3 90.910.2
677.91 0191 681.29100.0
640.321 0191 456.6281.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355413168746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

丙烯酰胺回收率结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
已知量
(original)/(μg·kg-1)
加入量
(added)/(μg·L-1)
测得量
(measured)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)
n=3)/%
RSD
n=3)/%
669.77254.75899.8291.7 89.76.2
641.16254.75850.3683.4
664.84254.75900.6194.0
694.79407.6 1053.7389.5 90.54.2
642.88407.61 023.1294.8
647.04407.6997.5187.4
661.641 0191 577.7491.3 90.910.2
677.91 0191 681.29100.0
640.321 0191 456.6281.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355509637742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Statistics of acrylamide screening data of “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” and new “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang”

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
(variety)
样品批次
(sampl batch)
最小值
(minimal value)/(μg·kg-1)
最大值
(maximum value)/(μg·kg-1)
平均值()/(μg·kg-1)标准差
s
白芍(Paeoniae radix alba)70000
白术(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma)2302 423193.13493.49
炒浙麦冬(Stir fried Ophiopogon japonicus of Zhejiang)3020375111.4
醋延胡索(Corydalis rhizoma with vinegar)2901 063106.45212.09
麸炒白芍(Paeoniae radix alba stir-fried with bran)180663142.17202.07
糠炒白术(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma stir-fried with bran)19010 7191 363.112 501.15
麸炒白术(Atractylodis rhizoma stir-fried with bran)117411 3792 926.273 948.38
糠炒衢枳壳(Quzhou Aurantii fructus stir-fried with bran)3211819 6742 423.913 698.05
覆盆子(Rubi fructus2809 976510.431 865.94
杭菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium1001 307179426.31
酒白芍(Paeoniae radix alba with wine)40000
菊花炭(Chrysanthemum charcoal2475.52.12
灵芝(Ganoderma)8028871.75108.77
延胡索(Corydalis rhizoma13018431.6267.99
衢枳壳(Quzhou Fructus aurantii5020 3845 664.48 777.74
三叶青(Radix tetrastigme7026 4033 771.869 979.4
芦根(Radix linderae502 2039111 014.34
玉米须(Croci stigma90000
玄参(Scrophulariae radix7120759261.14231.93
浙贝母(Eritillariae thunbergii bulbus)30843444.23
浙麦冬(Zhejiang Ophiopgonis radix40000
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355597718129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新老“浙八味”丙烯酰胺筛查数据统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类
(variety)
样品批次
(sampl batch)
最小值
(minimal value)/(μg·kg-1)
最大值
(maximum value)/(μg·kg-1)
平均值()/(μg·kg-1)标准差
s
白芍(Paeoniae radix alba)70000
白术(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma)2302 423193.13493.49
炒浙麦冬(Stir fried Ophiopogon japonicus of Zhejiang)3020375111.4
醋延胡索(Corydalis rhizoma with vinegar)2901 063106.45212.09
麸炒白芍(Paeoniae radix alba stir-fried with bran)180663142.17202.07
糠炒白术(Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma stir-fried with bran)19010 7191 363.112 501.15
麸炒白术(Atractylodis rhizoma stir-fried with bran)117411 3792 926.273 948.38
糠炒衢枳壳(Quzhou Aurantii fructus stir-fried with bran)3211819 6742 423.913 698.05
覆盆子(Rubi fructus2809 976510.431 865.94
杭菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium1001 307179426.31
酒白芍(Paeoniae radix alba with wine)40000
菊花炭(Chrysanthemum charcoal2475.52.12
灵芝(Ganoderma)8028871.75108.77
延胡索(Corydalis rhizoma13018431.6267.99
衢枳壳(Quzhou Fructus aurantii5020 3845 664.48 777.74
三叶青(Radix tetrastigme7026 4033 771.869 979.4
芦根(Radix linderae502 2039111 014.34
玉米须(Croci stigma90000
玄参(Scrophulariae radix7120759261.14231.93
浙贝母(Eritillariae thunbergii bulbus)30843444.23
浙麦冬(Zhejiang Ophiopgonis radix40000
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355698381432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The corresponding relationship between acrylamide content and human toxic effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒害作用
(toxic effect)
含量(content)/(mg·kg-1)
男性(male)女性(female)
神经官能症(neurotic disorder)83.570.8
神经毒性(neurotoxicity)3 480.02 950.0
生殖毒性(reproductive toxicity13 920.011 800.0
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355807433344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

丙烯酰胺含量与人体毒害作用对应关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
毒害作用
(toxic effect)
含量(content)/(mg·kg-1)
男性(male)女性(female)
神经官能症(neurotic disorder)83.570.8
神经毒性(neurotoxicity)3 480.02 950.0
生殖毒性(reproductive toxicity13 920.011 800.0
), ArticleFig(id=1239268355903902341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Determination results of different pretreatment methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法(method)测得量(content)/(μg·kg-1
QuEChERS7 751
Proelut PLS柱(Proelut PLS column)6 729
活性炭柱(Charcoal column)522
Oasis HLB柱(Oasis HLB column)6 435
), ArticleFig(id=1239268356008759945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256898487251297, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同的前处理方法测得结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法(method)测得量(content)/(μg·kg-1
QuEChERS7 751
Proelut PLS柱(Proelut PLS column)6 729
活性炭柱(Charcoal column)522
Oasis HLB柱(Oasis HLB column)6 435
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同位素内标-UHPLC-MS/MS联用QuEChERS法检测“浙八味”等道地药材中丙烯酰胺含量及初步风险评估*
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周颖 1 , 徐哲 3 , 张文婷 1 , 周越美 2 , 徐潇颖 1 , 赵维良 2 , 潘英妮 3, ** , 郑成 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(6): 1017-1023
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(6): 1017-1023
同位素内标-UHPLC-MS/MS联用QuEChERS法检测“浙八味”等道地药材中丙烯酰胺含量及初步风险评估*
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周颖1 , 徐哲3 , 张文婷1, 周越美2, 徐潇颖1, 赵维良2, 潘英妮3, ** , 郑成1, **
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省食品药品检验研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,杭州 310052
  • 2.杭州师范大学药学院,杭州 311121
  • 3.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110000
  • 周颖 Tel: (0571)86459414;E-mail:

    徐哲 Tel: 13630902846; E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 郑成 Tel:(0571)86459425;E-mail:;
潘英妮 Tel:(024)43520719;E-mail:
Determination and preliminary risk assessment of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” by isotope-labeled internal standard-UHPLC-MS/MS in combination with QuEChERS method*
Ying ZHOU1 , Zhe XU3 , Wen-ting ZHANG1, Yue-mei ZHOU2, Xiao-ying XU1, Wei-liang ZHAO2, Ying-ni PAN3, ** , Cheng ZHENG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
  • 2.Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
  • 3.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110000, China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.12
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目的:

以“浙八味”为对象,研究建立中药材中丙烯酰胺含量的通用测定方法,并根据测定结果进行初步风险评估。

方法:

样品经过优化的QuEChERS技术提取后,采用同位素内标-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)法测定丙烯酰胺的含量,以Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)为固定相,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以13C3丙烯酰胺为内标,以多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测丙烯酰胺的残留量。

结果:

247批样品中丙烯酰胺的含量范围为0~26 403 μg·kg-1,含量超过部分国家或组织的规定,长期使用存在一定的安全风险。

结论:

本研究所建立的方法快速、简单,具有较好的灵敏度与重复性,为“浙八味”等道地中药材中丙烯酰胺的质量控制和安全性评价提供了科学依据。

丙烯酰胺  /  浙八味  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱  /  含量测定  /  风险评估  /  QuEChERS
Objective:

To determine the content of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang”, and to carry out the preliminary risk assessment based on the determination results.

Methods:

After optimization of QuEChERS extraction, the content of acrylamide was determined by the method of isotope-labeled internal standard-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (isotope-labeled IS-UHPLC-MS/MS). The determination was carried out with a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) as the stationary phase, gradient elution was carried out with methanol-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, 13C3 acrylamide as the internal standard, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to detect the residual acrylamide.

Results:

The content ranges of acrylamide in 247 batches of samples were 0-26 403 μg·kg-1. These contents exceeded the regulations stipulated by some nations or organizations, and posed certain safety risks in long-term use.

Conclusion:

The method established in this study is rapid, simple, sensitive and reproducible, and will lay a scientific basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” and other genuine medicinal materials.

acrylamide  /  8 famous medicines from Zhejiang  /  ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  content determination  /  risk assessment  /  QuEChERS
周颖, 徐哲, 张文婷, 周越美, 徐潇颖, 赵维良, 潘英妮, 郑成. 同位素内标-UHPLC-MS/MS联用QuEChERS法检测“浙八味”等道地药材中丙烯酰胺含量及初步风险评估*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1017 -1023 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.12
Ying ZHOU, Zhe XU, Wen-ting ZHANG, Yue-mei ZHOU, Xiao-ying XU, Wei-liang ZHAO, Ying-ni PAN, Cheng ZHENG. Determination and preliminary risk assessment of acrylamide in “8 famous medicines from Zhejiang” by isotope-labeled internal standard-UHPLC-MS/MS in combination with QuEChERS method*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1017 -1023 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.12
丙烯酰胺(acrylamide)是一种不饱和酰胺,德国研究人员于1949年首次研发上市,主要用于合成聚丙烯酰胺,作为黏合剂、增强剂、絮凝剂或者食品包装材料而广泛使用。作为一种水溶性物质,丙烯酰胺极易被人体消化道、皮肤等其他组织吸收,在体内外均表现有致突变致癌性。1994年,国际癌症研究中心(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC) 将其列为二类致癌物[1]。2002年瑞典科学家在油炸马铃薯中首次发现丙烯酰胺的存在,由此开启了食品、水质和材料等领域对丙烯酰胺毒性和产生机制的广泛和深入的研究。陆续发现了丙烯酰胺的危害主要有神经毒性[2-4]、基因毒性[5]和生殖毒性[6]等。其中,神经毒性研究广泛而深入,并且有对人类确诊病例的研究,如Lars等[7]和Chen等[8]分别通过对病例的统计学分析和细胞实验验证了丙烯酰胺的神经毒性及毒理作用。同时对丙烯酰胺的产生机制研究表明,以还原糖和天冬酰氨酸等氨基酸通过美拉德反应生成丙烯酰胺,为其主要产生途径[9-10]
我国也已颁布丙烯酰胺相关的食品国家标准[11],但未规定具体品种的限量要求。而中药饮片中丙烯酰胺的检测技术、残留水平、限量标准以及风险评估研究均处在刚刚起步阶段,除了河北大学2010年前后有过相关的硕士研究生论文外[12-15],至今国内外有关中药中丙烯酰胺研究报道较少,中药材大多来源于植物,且很多是“药食同源”品种,类似于食品的高淀粉高蛋白品种较多,大多需经过高温炮制后使用,因此高温炮制工艺带来的丙烯酰胺残留风险客观存在,需要引起研究人员和监管部门的重视。
浙江道地中药材资源丰富,自古以来以“浙八味”(浙贝母、杭白菊、白术、浙麦冬、杭白芍、延胡索、玄参、温郁金) 为代表的浙产道地药材享誉中外。2018年,浙江省确定铁皮石斛、衢枳壳、乌药、三叶青、覆盆子、前胡、灵芝、西红花为新“浙八味”中药材培育品种[16-17],其中白术、白芍、杭白菊、温莪术、浙贝母、延胡索等均以炒制品为习用品,高温炒制工艺是否会造成药材饮片中丙烯酰胺残留?哪些炮制品种丙烯酰胺残留风险较高?如何设置合理的限量要求等等。为此,本研究收集新老“浙八味”为代表的浙产道地药材生品和炮制品,共计247批次样品为研究对象,研究QuEChERS法建立简便通用的净化方法,对丙烯酰胺含量进行检测方法研究,并根据测定结果对其健康风险进行初步评估,为丙烯酰胺这一新兴的中药材中有害物质控制及相关指导原则的制定提供技术支持。
SHIMADZU LC-MS-8050 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱仪(岛津公司),Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)、Milli-Q纯水仪(Millipore公司),XPE205型十万分之一电子分析天平(梅特勒-托利多上海有限公司),QT-1涡旋混合器(上海琪特分析仪器有限公司),Eppendorf 5424型离心机(艾本德公司)。
甲醇、乙腈、甲酸均为色谱纯;氯化钠、无水硫酸钠均为分析纯;水为高纯水;丙烯酰胺对照品(中国计量科学研究院,批号GBW10057)、13C3同位素丙烯酰胺内标溶液(Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,1 mg·mL-1);N-丙基乙二胺Cleanert PSA(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司,粒径40~60 μm);药材及饮片购自上药凯仑(杭州)医药有限公司、浙江英特中药饮片有限公司、杭州华东中药饮片有限公司和亳州市良心药业销售有限公司。
采用Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),柱温为40 ℃,流动相为甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0~2 min,98% A;2~3 min,98% A→2% A;3~3.5 min,2% A),流速为1.0 mL·min-1
电喷雾离子源,正离子扫描方式,电离电压4 kV,离子源温度300 ℃,雾化器流量3 L·min -1,干燥器流量10 L·min -1。监测方式:多反应监测(MRM) 模式。丙烯酰胺定量离子对为[M+H]+m/z 71.90/55.20;内标丙烯酰胺定量离子对为[M+H]+m/z 75.10/58.05。
精密量取13C3丙烯酰胺内标溶液,加乙腈制成每1 mL含10 μg的溶液,即得。
取丙烯酰胺对照品适量,精密称定,加乙腈制成每1 mL含1 mg的溶液,即得。
取样品粉末2 g,精密称定,置50 mL离心管中,加无水硫酸镁4 g、氯化钠0.5 g、水10 mL、乙腈10 mL及内标储备溶液200 μL,涡旋混匀,置摇床上剧烈振荡(450次·min-1)30 min;离心(4 000 r·min-1)10 min,取上清液1 mL,置预置有PSA 0.2 g的离心管中,涡旋混匀,离心(4 000 r·min-1)10 min,取上清液,即得。
不加入样品及内标溶液,在50 mL 离心管中加无水硫酸镁4 g、氯化钠0.5 g、水10 mL,按“2.3.3”项方法制备空白溶液,进样测定,从图1可见空白溶液对丙烯酰胺的测定没有干扰。
分别精密量取上述内标储备溶液及对照品储备液适量,用乙腈稀释并摇匀制成质量浓度分别为5、10、50、200、500、5 000、10 000 μg·L-1含内标质量浓度为100 μg·L-1的系列对照品溶液。分别精密量取上述系列浓度对照品溶液各1 μL,注入液相色谱质谱联用仪,测定相应丙烯酰胺及其内标的峰面积,以各标准系列工作液的丙烯酰胺进样浓度(X,μg·L-1)为横坐标,以丙烯酰胺(m/z 71.90/55.20)和13C3丙烯酰胺内标(m/z 75.10/58.05)的峰面积比Y为纵坐标,进行线性回归,得回归方程:
丙烯酰胺在5.08~10 160 ng·mL-1内线性关系良好,定量限(S/N=10)为5.0 μg·L-1
取“2.4.2”项下质量浓度为200 μg·L-1对照品溶液,连续进样6次,记录丙烯酰胺峰面积,丙烯酰胺的峰面积的RSD为1.8%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取样品(麸白芍,批号20201226)各6份,每份约2 g,精密称定,按“2.3.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液,进样分析,计算丙烯酰胺的含量和RSD,结果丙烯酰胺的平均含量为640.07 μg·kg-1(RSD=2.6%),表明该方法重复性较好。
取样品(麸白芍,批号20201226)各9份约1.0 g,精密称定,分别置50 mL离心管中,精密加入质量浓度为10 000 μg·L-1的对照品溶液250、400、1 000 μL,同“2.3.3”项方法制备,得低(255 μg·L-1)、中(408 μg·L-1)、高(1 019 μg·L-1)3个浓度的供试溶液各3份,进行回收率测定,结果见表1,表明该方法准确性良好。
2019—2021年3年共收集到的247批药品涉及生品、炒制、炒焦、麸炒、醋制和酒制6种炮制方式。按上述方法进行测定,并采用随行质量控制(包括随性空白实验及随行回收试验)来评估方法的可行性,结果均符合残留检测要求。样品涉及浙产常用中药材、中药饮片,从丙烯酰胺测定结果分析,247批样品中161批检出丙烯酰胺,检出率为61.2%。其中检出量1 000 μg·kg-1以下为43.3%,检出量1 000~3 000 μg·kg-1为10.3%,检出量3 000 μg·kg-1以上占比6.8%。
在对同种药材的比较分析中发现,麸炒白术的丙烯酰胺含量(0~10 719 μg·kg-1)显著高于白术(0~2 423 μg·kg-1);麸炒白芍的丙烯酰胺含量(0~663 μg·kg-1)显著高于白芍(均小于1 μg·kg-1)、酒白芍(均小于1 μg·kg-1);延胡索和醋延胡索的丙烯酰胺含量之间以及白芍和酒白芍的丙烯酰胺含量之间没有显著性差异。对于中药材的不同炮制方式来说,高温的炮制方式,如炒制、麸炒、炒焦和烧炭等深度炮制加工,都会使中药材中的丙烯酰胺含量明显提高,而同为高温炮制方法,如醋制、酒制等因特殊溶剂存在并对加工时间、温度等有一定限制的情况下,未发现显著提高中药材中丙烯酰胺的含量(表2)。这也进一步证实了丙烯酰胺来源的机理(高温的炮制方式有利于美拉德反应的发生)[18-25]
风险评估在食品中应用较为广泛,由于药品在膳食结构中属于特殊膳食,其风险评估不同于食品。本研究尝试对“浙八味”及新“浙八味”中丙烯酰胺的风险评估做初步论述。
目前,我国暂未发布过中药材中丙烯酰胺相关的限量标准。FAO和WHO曾在2002年发布《Health Implications of Acrylamide in Food》联合报告,得出单次暴露于大剂量的丙烯酰胺会引起中枢神经系统病变,长期暴露于低水平的丙烯酰胺会导致周围神经的病变的结论。丙烯酰胺引起神经病变的最大无毒性反应剂量(NOAEL)为0.5 mg·(kg·d)-1;生育力改变的最大无毒性反应剂量是神经病变的4倍即2 mg·(kg·d)-1;对人类的最小神经不良影响水平为0.012 mg·kg-1。饮水暴露于丙烯酰胺90 d大鼠试验,经电镜观察神经形态学改变的无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)为0.2 g·(kg·d)-1,生殖和发育毒性的NOAEL为2.0 mg·(kg·d)-1。这也为如何制定中药材中AM的合理限度提供了参考。
本研究收集样品时除传统炮制工艺为趁鲜切片的郁金和制枫斗的铁皮石斛外,针对性选取了新老“浙八味”药材饮片样品,共计14个品种涉及247批不同炮制样品,从丙烯酰胺测定结果分析,247批样品中丙烯酰胺检出率为61.2%。根据中华人民共和国国务院2020年发布的《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2020年)》[26]中男性和女性的平均体重分别为69.6 kg和59.0 kg。中药材饮片以常用服用量的中位数10 g·d-1摄入量进行计算,得到对应的中药材饮片丙烯酰胺含量与人体毒性关系(表3),本次测定的所有样品含量均远未超过上述量值,考虑到丙烯酰胺有一定蓄积性,建议将高温炮制和非高温炮制区别看待,综合AM毒性和暴露量两个因素,结合食品中高温炒制食品限量水平,浙八味中丙烯酰胺限量参考建议值为:(1)不得过1 000 μg·kg-1(非高温炮制);(2)不得过3 000 μg·kg-1(高温炮制)。
来源于植物的中药材,根据药用部位不同,可来自根、茎、花、叶、果实、种子等,基质的复杂为精确高灵敏度分析方法建立带来了极大的挑战,本研究参考各类文献报道,特别是国标GB 5009. 204-2014标准方法,特别同位素内标法结合液质联用仪,借助了液质在痕量分析中的高灵敏度,同时解决了中药复杂基质效应问题。同时创造性地改良优化QuEChERS法,相较于国标和文献报道的单柱和双柱SPE法,大大简化和降低检测成本,具体见表4。同时比较了乙腈-1%甲酸水溶液和甲醇-1%甲酸水溶液2种流动相系统,不同品牌仪器安捷伦6430、AB5500等液质联用仪,以及不同厂家的液相色谱柱,如Kinetex C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)、Agilent Eclipse Plus(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)、ACQUITY UPLC®BEH (100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)等进行耐用性研究,表明正文采用的方法最优,且符合定量检测对耐用性的要求。
本实验采用优化的QuEChERS净化前处理技术,联用同位素内标-超高压液相-质谱法,测定“浙八味”及新“浙八味”共计247批样品中丙烯酰胺的含量,方法简便、准确且重复性好。247批次样品中,经过炒制、麸炒等典型高温炮制工艺的药材,丙烯酰胺含量显著高于未经过高温处理的生药及饮片,同时从检测的数据出发,对丙烯酰胺进行初步风险评估。
作为新兴污染物,丙烯酰胺在中药材中并非普遍存在,仅在某些高温炮制品中有较高的检出率和含量。因此暂不建议制订一致的控制指标或加入品种各论标准,建议作为检测方法和通用技术,方便行业对一些高温炮制的品种进行前瞻性的监测和研究,特别是以炒制为主流炮制方式的传统饮片,如本试验研究的白术、白芍、衢枳壳、延胡索等各类炒制品建议对丙烯酰胺进行检测研究。
  • *“浙八味”“新浙八味”炮制品中丙烯酰胺(AM)残留检测研究-浙江省药品监督管理局科技计划项目(2019010)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.12
  • 接收时间:2023-08-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-17
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*“浙八味”“新浙八味”炮制品中丙烯酰胺(AM)残留检测研究-浙江省药品监督管理局科技计划项目(2019010)
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    1.浙江省食品药品检验研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,杭州 310052
    2.杭州师范大学药学院,杭州 311121
    3.沈阳药科大学,沈阳 110000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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