Article(id=1239256895647699079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.21, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1712592000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773391468202, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773391468202, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773391468202, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391468202, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239256891017195761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='921', pageEnd='1104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773391467098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391544580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1089, endPage=1096, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239256895974854808, articleId=1239256895647699079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Optimization of determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets*, columnId=1206272758774821315, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Standard Deliberation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a stable and reliable gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, and to optimize extraction conditions by investigating the effects of isopropyl alcohol and thioglycerin on the stability of the tested solution.

Methods:

Separation was achieved on AB-InoWax capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) with polyethylene glycol as the stationary phase. Electron ion(EI) source and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used. Quantitative determination was performed by both external standard and internal standard.

Results:

The addition of thioglycerin could significantly improve the stability of the test solution. NDMA showed good linearity within the concentration range of 0.25-50 ng·mL-1(r>0.999). The detection limit of the method was 0.1 ng·g-1 and the quantification limit of the method was 0.2 ng·g-1. The average recoveries (n=9) were 97.3% and 94.9% while using external standard and internal standard, respectively. Precision, repeatability and stability were good with RSD less than 8%. Ninety batches of metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets were tested. NDMA content in all detected samples were all less than 30% of the acceptable limit set by the National Medical Products Administration and FDA.

Conclusions:

This method shows satisfactory sensibility, specificity, accuracy, stability and durability, which is suitable for quantitative analysis of NDMA in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, providing technical support for the quality and safety of related products.

, correspAuthors=Hui-tai LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zi-yang LIANG, Hui-tai LUO, Qiu-yan ZHANG, Wei-wei LIANG, Zi-hao LIANG, Xi ZHOU, Hui-qin WU, Fang HUANG, Fei-yun HUANG, Xiang-dong LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239256897195397380, articleId=1239256895647699079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺测定方法的优化, columnId=1206272758971953622, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=标准研讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立一种稳定且可靠的气相色谱-串联质谱法测定盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA),同时通过考察异丙醇和硫代甘油2个添加剂对供试品溶液稳定性的影响,确定了最优的提取条件。

方法:

采用聚乙二醇为固定相的AB-InoWax毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),利用电子轰击电离源(EI),在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,分别以外标法和内标法定量。

结果:

添加硫代甘油可显著改善供试品溶液稳定性,NDMA在0.25~50 ng·mL-1浓度范围内有良好的线性(r>0.999),方法检测限为0.1 ng·g-1,方法定量限为0.2 ng·g-1,分别在内标法和外标法计算下,平均加标回收率(n=9)均为97.3%和94.9%,精密度、重复性、稳定性及耐用性的RSD均小于8%。对90批次的盐酸二甲双胍缓释片进行检测,结果均小于国家药品监督管理局以及FDA规定的可接受限度的30%之内。

结论:

本文建立的方法灵敏度高,专属性强,结果准确且稳定性好,适用于盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中NDMA的定量分析,可为有关产品的质量安全提供技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=罗辉泰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tel:(020)88320139;E-mail:
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Tel: (020)88321850;E-mail:

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Effect of alcohols on scavenging efficiencies to hydroxyl radical in UV-Fenton system[J]. China Environ Sci201838(1):202, articleTitle=Effect of alcohols on scavenging efficiencies to hydroxyl radical in UV-Fenton system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239268357829095933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=56, issue=6, pageStart=3386, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=WANG L, LI B, DIONYSIOU DD, journalName=Environ Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG LLI BDIONYSIOU DD,et al. Overlooked formation of H2O2 during the hydroxyl radical-scavenging process when using alcohols as scavengers[J]. Environ Sci Technol202256(6):3386, articleTitle=Overlooked formation of H2O2 during the hydroxyl radical-scavenging process when using alcohols as scavengers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239268343778177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268343782372195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, companyId=1239268343778177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences(China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268343790760804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, companyId=1239268343778177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东省科学院测试分析研究所(中国广州分析测试中心) 广东省化学测量与应急检测技术重点实验室广东省中药质量安全工程技术研究中心,广州 510070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239268343904007018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268343916589932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, companyId=1239268343904007018, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangdong Sinocorp Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516820, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239268343920784238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, companyId=1239268343904007018, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东赛康制药厂有限公司,惠州 516820)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239268350824607954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Growth multiple of NDMA in test solution, figureFileSmall=xzmvGGIAAk9n1inOghw6Yg==, figureFileBig=bNVrE6E83UH9VBno/hGZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351000768726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=图1, caption=供试品溶液中NDMA随时间的增长倍数, figureFileSmall=xzmvGGIAAk9n1inOghw6Yg==, figureFileBig=bNVrE6E83UH9VBno/hGZuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351118209246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Growth multiple of NDMA in test solution under different concentrations of isopropanol, figureFileSmall=LFs9VFp0fns/FIBtnSn23Q==, figureFileBig=Hjfam8hxcS+i5bjoHl9VRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351223066848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=图2, caption=含不同浓度异丙醇(v∶v)下供试品溶液中NDMA随时间的增长倍数, figureFileSmall=LFs9VFp0fns/FIBtnSn23Q==, figureFileBig=Hjfam8hxcS+i5bjoHl9VRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351302758630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Growth multiple of NDMA in test solution under different concentrations of monothioglycerol, figureFileSmall=97wOPuiIQRaFIn5Vg+XNIw==, figureFileBig=firb7Y+aAUeChPxyEjiWAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351378256111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度硫代甘油下供试品溶液中NDMA随时间的增长倍数, figureFileSmall=97wOPuiIQRaFIn5Vg+XNIw==, figureFileBig=firb7Y+aAUeChPxyEjiWAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351566999795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Extraction ion chromatograms of blank solvent (A),reference solution (B),test solution (C) and interference solution (D) (Extraction channel was m/z 74→44. NDMA concentration in the reference solution and interference solution was 1 ng·mL-1 and DMF concentration in interference solution was 1 000 ng·mL-1), figureFileSmall=GamPnWSyAgcJTCYoR9pNHA==, figureFileBig=69rqioqLvUSN9dqLNfvRoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351713800447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=图4, caption=空白溶剂(A)、对照品溶液(B)、供试品溶液(C)及干扰溶液(D)的提取离子流图(提取通道为m/z 74→44,对照品溶液及干扰溶液中NDMA浓度为1 ng·mL-1,干扰溶液中浓度含1 000 ng·mL-1的DMF), figureFileSmall=GamPnWSyAgcJTCYoR9pNHA==, figureFileBig=69rqioqLvUSN9dqLNfvRoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268351814463748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Recoveries and relative standard deviations of NDMA in metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法
(used methods)
本底量
(original content)/(ng·g-1
加入量
(added content)/ng
测得量
(measured content)/(ng·g-1
回收率
(recovery,n=3)/%
平均值
(mean,n=9)/%
RSD/%
内标法(internal standard)11.49418.9493.797.35.6
826.6095.2
1236.10103.1
外标法(external standard)417.2091.994.94.9
824.5792.4
1233.86100.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268351931904272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中NDMA的加标回收率及相对标准偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法
(used methods)
本底量
(original content)/(ng·g-1
加入量
(added content)/ng
测得量
(measured content)/(ng·g-1
回收率
(recovery,n=3)/%
平均值
(mean,n=9)/%
RSD/%
内标法(internal standard)11.49418.9493.797.35.6
826.6095.2
1236.10103.1
外标法(external standard)417.2091.994.94.9
824.5792.4
1233.86100.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239268352061927704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Measured content of NDMA in durability test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法
(used methods)
测得量(measured content)/(ng·g-1
原条件
(original condition)
流速
(flow rate)/(mL·min-1
进样口温度(inlet temperature)/℃初始柱温
(initial column temperature)/℃
0.81.21952053842
内标法(internal standard)26.7727.0327.5226.8227.1826.7726.76
外标法(external standard)26.1226.8426.7326.9326.7026.4626.55
), ArticleFig(id=1239268352204534052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256895647699079, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耐用性试验下NDMA的测得量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法
(used methods)
测得量(measured content)/(ng·g-1
原条件
(original condition)
流速
(flow rate)/(mL·min-1
进样口温度(inlet temperature)/℃初始柱温
(initial column temperature)/℃
0.81.21952053842
内标法(internal standard)26.7727.0327.5226.8227.1826.7726.76
外标法(external standard)26.1226.8426.7326.9326.7026.4626.55
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盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺测定方法的优化
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梁梓洋 1 , 罗辉泰 1, * , 张秋炎 1 , 梁维维 1 , 梁梓豪 1 , 周熙 1 , 吴惠勤 1 , 黄芳 1 , 黄飞云 2 , 罗向东 2
药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2024,44(6): 1089-1096
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药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2024, 44(6): 1089-1096
盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺测定方法的优化
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梁梓洋1 , 罗辉泰1, * , 张秋炎1, 梁维维1, 梁梓豪1, 周熙1, 吴惠勤1, 黄芳1, 黄飞云2, 罗向东2
作者信息
  • 1.广东省科学院测试分析研究所(中国广州分析测试中心) 广东省化学测量与应急检测技术重点实验室广东省中药质量安全工程技术研究中心,广州 510070
  • 2.广东赛康制药厂有限公司,惠州 516820
  • Tel: (020)88321850;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* Tel:(020)88320139;E-mail:
Optimization of determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets*
Zi-yang LIANG1 , Hui-tai LUO1, * , Qiu-yan ZHANG1, Wei-wei LIANG1, Zi-hao LIANG1, Xi ZHOU1, Hui-qin WU1, Fang HUANG1, Fei-yun HUANG2, Xiang-dong LUO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences(China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Measurement and Emergency Test Technology, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China
  • 2.Guangdong Sinocorp Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou 516820, China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.21
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目的:

建立一种稳定且可靠的气相色谱-串联质谱法测定盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA),同时通过考察异丙醇和硫代甘油2个添加剂对供试品溶液稳定性的影响,确定了最优的提取条件。

方法:

采用聚乙二醇为固定相的AB-InoWax毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),利用电子轰击电离源(EI),在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,分别以外标法和内标法定量。

结果:

添加硫代甘油可显著改善供试品溶液稳定性,NDMA在0.25~50 ng·mL-1浓度范围内有良好的线性(r>0.999),方法检测限为0.1 ng·g-1,方法定量限为0.2 ng·g-1,分别在内标法和外标法计算下,平均加标回收率(n=9)均为97.3%和94.9%,精密度、重复性、稳定性及耐用性的RSD均小于8%。对90批次的盐酸二甲双胍缓释片进行检测,结果均小于国家药品监督管理局以及FDA规定的可接受限度的30%之内。

结论:

本文建立的方法灵敏度高,专属性强,结果准确且稳定性好,适用于盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中NDMA的定量分析,可为有关产品的质量安全提供技术支撑。

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片  /  N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)  /  气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)  /  基因毒性杂质  /  硫代甘油
Objective:

To establish a stable and reliable gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, and to optimize extraction conditions by investigating the effects of isopropyl alcohol and thioglycerin on the stability of the tested solution.

Methods:

Separation was achieved on AB-InoWax capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) with polyethylene glycol as the stationary phase. Electron ion(EI) source and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used. Quantitative determination was performed by both external standard and internal standard.

Results:

The addition of thioglycerin could significantly improve the stability of the test solution. NDMA showed good linearity within the concentration range of 0.25-50 ng·mL-1(r>0.999). The detection limit of the method was 0.1 ng·g-1 and the quantification limit of the method was 0.2 ng·g-1. The average recoveries (n=9) were 97.3% and 94.9% while using external standard and internal standard, respectively. Precision, repeatability and stability were good with RSD less than 8%. Ninety batches of metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets were tested. NDMA content in all detected samples were all less than 30% of the acceptable limit set by the National Medical Products Administration and FDA.

Conclusions:

This method shows satisfactory sensibility, specificity, accuracy, stability and durability, which is suitable for quantitative analysis of NDMA in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, providing technical support for the quality and safety of related products.

metformin hydrochloride sustained release tablets  /  N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)  /  gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)  /  genotoxic impurity  /  monothioglycerol
梁梓洋, 罗辉泰, 张秋炎, 梁维维, 梁梓豪, 周熙, 吴惠勤, 黄芳, 黄飞云, 罗向东. 盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中N-亚硝基二甲胺测定方法的优化. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1089 -1096 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.21
Zi-yang LIANG, Hui-tai LUO, Qiu-yan ZHANG, Wei-wei LIANG, Zi-hao LIANG, Xi ZHOU, Hui-qin WU, Fang HUANG, Fei-yun HUANG, Xiang-dong LUO. Optimization of determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (6) : 1089 -1096 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.21
基因毒性杂质(genotoxic impurities,GTIs)是一类在痕量水平即可诱导基因突变和染色体损伤,甚至引发癌症的杂质[1],具有重大的安全风险。基因毒性杂质种类繁多,多数N-亚硝胺化合物已被证实具有致癌作用[2],而世界卫生组织在2020年发布了致癌物清单中[3],有10多种短脂肪链的N-亚硝胺化合物被归入A类致癌物,其中N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA)为2A类致癌物,根据FDA发布关于亚硝胺杂质控制的指南,NDMA的每日摄入限制为96 ng[4]。药品中的NDMA主要来源于药品的生产、运输、储存等过程,其生成途径较多,包括但不限于二甲胺的亚硝化,二甲基甲酰胺的氧化,以及特定药物的降解[5-7]
盐酸二甲双胍是一种用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物,其每日最高剂量可达2 g[8]。早在2019年12月,FDA发布了从降糖药盐酸二甲双胍制剂中检出了NDMA的消息,随后多国陆续开展了相关的检测工作。而在2020年5月,FDA再次宣布在某些盐酸二甲双胍缓释制剂中检出了高于每日摄入限制96 ng的NDMA,并要求相关企业召回相关产品[9]。盐酸二甲双胍具有降血糖,减轻体重,抑制肿瘤发生等多种临床应用,具有重要的地位,为目前治疗2型糖尿病的一线药物,在市场上需求量大,因此需要对盐酸二甲双胍药物中的NDMA进行有效的控制。
目前药物中NDMA的分析方法主要包括有GC-MS法[10]、GC-MS/MS法[11]、HS-GC-MS法[12]、HS-SPME-GC-MS法[13]、HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS法[14]、LC-MS/MS法[15]、LC-HRMS法[16]等,其中GC-MS/MS法因其对NDMA的高灵敏度而常被运用于各类药品的分析中[17]。中国食品药品检定研究院在2019年发布了《盐酸二甲双胍中N-亚硝基二甲胺推荐检测方法》(中检化药函[2019]839号),其中针对缓释片的前处理采用二氯甲烷进行振摇提取后以GC-MS/MS法测定。NDMA在二氯甲烷中有较好的溶解度,而盐酸二甲双胍在二氯甲烷中则几乎不溶,与使用甲醇或乙腈进行提取的方法相比,该法能够避免因供试品溶液中溶解大量二甲双胍而造成的基质效应。景援朝等[18]使用该方法对多种二甲双胍制剂测定,结果发现缓释片NDMA的超标率高达83.3%。然而,Fritzsche等[19]发现,在使用二氯甲烷为溶剂对盐酸二甲双胍缓释片进行提取时,缓释片中残留二甲胺(DMA)与亚硝盐会反应并生成了额外的NDMA而导致测定含量偏高。在实际检测过程中,本实验室也发现使用二氯甲烷提取后制得的供试品溶液稳定性较差,且NDMA的浓度随着放置时间增加出现明显的增长,在分析批中样品较多时,容易造成时间顺序上较后上机分析的样品结果不可靠。因此,本文旨在该方法的基础上进行优化,避免在制备样品时额外产生NDMA,并改善供试品溶液的稳定性,为盐酸二甲双胍缓释片的质量控制提供依据与保障。
7890GC/7000A气相色谱-串联质谱仪、0.22 μm有机微孔滤膜(Agilent公司);BT25S十万分之一电子分析天平(Sartorious公司);涡旋振荡器(IKA公司)。
NDMA对照品(纯度99.8%,批号0326-RB-0053,广州佳途科技股份有限公司),NDMA-13C2D6内标溶液(浓度1 mg·mL-1,批号SDJC-005A,Cambridge Isotope Laboratories公司),甲醇、二氯甲烷、异丙醇(色谱纯,Merck公司),90批盐酸二甲双胍缓释片(广东赛康制药厂有限公司),硫代甘油(分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。
称取硫代甘油适量,用二氯甲烷配制成硫代甘油浓度为100 μg·mL-1的提取液。
精密称取NDMA对照品,用甲醇配制成浓度为1 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液,于4 ℃下保存。精密量取储备液1 mL,置于100 mL量瓶中,用二氯甲烷稀释至刻度,摇匀,得到浓度为10 μg·mL-1的对照品中间液。精密量取NDMA-13C2D6内标溶液100 μL,置于100 mL量瓶中,用二氯甲烷稀释至刻度,摇匀,得到浓度为1 μg·mL-1的内标中间液。精密量取内标中间液10 mL,置于100 mL量瓶中,用二氯甲烷稀释至刻度,摇匀,得到浓度为100 ng·mL-1的内标工作液。精密量取对照品中间液和内标工作液,用“2.1”中的提取液稀释成浓度为0.25、0.5、1、2.5、5、10、25、50 ng·mL-1的系列线性对照品溶液(内标浓度为1 ng·mL-1)。
取盐酸二甲双胍缓释片细粉适量(约相当于盐酸二甲双胍500 mg),精密称定,置50 mL离心管中,精密加入内标工作液100 μL后,再精密加入提取液10 mL,涡旋1 min,以350 次·min-1频率振摇10 min,以8 000 r·min-1离心5 min,上清液以0.22 μm有机滤膜过滤,取续滤液作为供试品溶液。
采用AB-InoWax(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)色谱柱,升温程序为40 ℃保持1 min,以15 ℃·min-1升至160 ℃,以25 ℃·min-1升至230 ℃保持10 min,载气为氦气(纯度≥99.999%),流速为1.0 mL·min-1,进样口温度为200 ℃,进样量为2 μL,进样方式为脉冲不分流进样,脉冲压力为0.172 MPa,0.75 min后打开分流阀和隔垫吹扫。
采用电子轰击电离源(70 eV);离子源温度为250 ℃;传输线温度为260 ℃;碰撞气为氮气(纯度≥99.999%);扫描方式为多反应监测(MRM),质谱参数如下:NDMA的定量离子对为m/z 74→44,定性离子对为m/z 74→42,碰撞能量(CE)分别为5 eV和12 eV;NDMA-13C2D6)的定量离子对为m/z 82→52,CE为6 eV。
取同一批研磨后的样品3份,以二氯甲烷为提取液,按“2.1”项方法制备供试品溶液,同时,以二氯甲烷为提取液,按“2.2”项方法制备浓度为1 ng·mL-1的对照品溶液。本方法中气相色谱运行时间为17 min,柱温箱降温时间约7 min,即循环时间约为24 min,因此在制备供试品溶液时,控制时间以保证每个平行试验间隔约为24 min。在上机测定设定进样序列时,按照空白溶液1份、对照品溶液1份、供试品溶液3份的顺序为1个循环设置,每2 h完成1个循环。由于二氯甲烷具有较强的挥发性,因此加入NDMA-13C2D6作为内标,以校正应溶剂挥发与进样差异带来的不稳定性。以时间为横坐标,峰面积比的增长倍数为纵坐标,作出供试品溶液中NDMA浓度每隔4 h的变化情况,如图1所示,随着放置时间的增加,供试品溶液中NDMA含量呈明显的上升趋势,在20 h后趋于稳定,最高增长倍数达167%。
原料药盐酸二甲双胍采用双氰胺与二甲胺盐酸盐直接合成所得,成品中有二甲胺残留的可能,在EP 11.0中也对盐酸二甲双胍中二甲胺残留规定了0.05%的限度[20]。NDMA的产生途径较多,如二甲胺可在羟基自由基(·OH)存在下,经过一系列反应被氧化成NDMA[21];二甲胺在酸性条件下与亚硝酸盐发生亚硝化反应而生成NDMA[22];二甲双胍可被羟基自由基进攻而降解生成了二甲胺,被进一步氧化成NDMA[23]等。由于二甲双胍的合成工艺中未使用亚硝酸盐等亚硝化试剂及酰胺类溶剂,生产过程中所用到的纯化水对亚硝酸盐也有着较为严格的要求,由原料药及其合成过程引入亚硝胺类杂质的风险较低,因此越来越多的报道表明,二甲双胍系列产品中亚硝胺类杂质的引入与其所用的辅料有着密切的关系[24]。盐酸二甲双胍缓释片所使用的辅料主要有羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和硬脂酸镁,其中,HPMC含有痕量的过氧化物[25],可能会造成药物的降解[26];而CMC-Na则含有亚硝酸盐[27],可能通过与二甲胺发生亚硝化反应而生成NDMA。结合上述资料,在本实验中供试品溶液NDMA浓度随放置时间变长而逐步增加,其可能的原因为,一方面在使用二氯甲烷进行振荡提取的过程中,二甲双胍残留的二甲胺与辅料引入的亚硝酸发生了亚硝化反应而生成NDMA,另一方面,二氯甲烷将部分二甲胺和过氧化物共萃取出来,随着时间推移在供试品溶液中发生了二甲胺的氧化而逐步生成NDMA,直至反应的底物耗尽而NDMA的浓度也到达了平台。
取同一批研磨后的样品9份,分别用含异丙醇(v∶v)0.5%、1%和5%的二氯甲烷作为提取液,按“2.1.3”项方法各制备3份,每4 h进样分析,考察不同浓度异丙醇对供试品溶液中NDMA浓度稳定性的影响,结果见图2。异丙醇为一种效果好且稳定的·OH猝灭剂[28],其α-碳上的氢原子可与·OH反应,生成低反应活性的碳正中心自由基(R·)而使·OH发生猝灭。当提取液中含有0.5%、1%和5%异丙醇时,NDMA的最高增长倍数分别是0 h时的138%、123%和154%,与单独使用二氯甲烷作为提取溶剂时相比有一定的下降趋势,由此推测供试品溶液中NDMA的持续生成可能与·OH相关,且异丙醇可在一定程度上减缓供试品溶液中NDMA的生成。
二甲双胍缓释片中的辅料可能含有过氧化物,可在一定条件下生成·OH,进而与残留的二甲胺反应生成NDMA,而异丙醇的加入可以猝灭·OH,因此表现为NDMA的增长倍数发生下降。然而,醇类在淬灭·OH的过程中会意外产生H2O2及其光解产物·OH[29],使得供试品溶液中留有·OH甚至是H2O2,仍有NDMA继续生成,表现为对供试品溶液中NDMA持续生成的抑制作用不明显。当异丙醇浓度增加至5.0%时,NDMA的增长倍数高于浓度为0.5%和1.0%,其原因可能为异丙醇的浓度增大使得提取液极性增大,二甲双胍在提取液中的溶解度增大,二甲双胍在羟基自由基和过氧化物的作用下发生降解并最终生成了NDMA[23],从而使得增长倍数较低浓度更高。
取同一批研磨后的样品9份,分别以含硫代甘油20、100和200 μg·mL-1的二氯甲烷作为提取液,按“2.1.3”项方法各制备3份供试品溶液,每4 h进样分析,考察不同浓度MTG对供试品溶液中NDMA浓度稳定性的影响,结果见图3。当提取液中硫代甘油的浓度为20、100和200 μg·mL-1时,NDMA的最高增长倍数为120%、110%和112%,与单独使用二氯甲烷作为提取溶剂时相比NDMA的增长倍数有明显的下降。硫代甘油在结构上含有一个巯基(-SH)具有还原性,可与·OH、H2O2以及其他种类的过氧化物进行反应,从而阻断了二甲胺被氧化而生成NDMA的过程,因此在28 h的放置后供试品溶液NDMA增长较低,稳定性得到了提高。此外,硫代甘油结构还含有2个羟基(-OH),能屏蔽进样口处玻璃衬管的活性位点,降低对NDMA的吸附,因此可见硫代甘油浓度在100 μg·mL-1以上时,平行测定的SD值均低于别的实验组。综合上述因素,选择含100 μg·mL-1 硫代甘油的二氯甲烷作为实验中的提取溶剂,并进行后续的方法学验证。
取空白溶剂、对照品溶液、供试品溶液以及干扰溶液,分别按“2.2”项下的色谱与质谱条件进样,结果如图4所示,在空白溶剂和对照品溶液在NDMA处均无明显的干扰物。由于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的同位素峰与NDMA的分子离子峰有着相近的质荷比,在低分辨质谱上无法实现有效的分辨,因此DMF的存在将会干扰NDMA的测定,为了考察本方法条件下NDMA与DMF的分离情况,在供试品溶液中加入NDMA与1 000倍NDMA浓度的DMF作为干扰物,结果表明NDMA与DMF能够实现分离,DMF的存在不影响NDMA的测定。
取NDMA对照品溶液,用二氯甲烷(含100 μg·mL-1硫代甘油)进行逐级稀释,以信噪比(S/N)约为3时的浓度作为检测限,信噪比(S/N)约为10时的浓度作为定量限。取定量限浓度下的NDMA对照品溶液重复进样6次,以NDMA与内标的峰面积比(内标法)或NDMA的峰面积(外标法)计算RSD,结果表明,在内标法和外标法计算下,检测限均为0.1 ng·mL-1,定量限均为0.2 ng·mL-1,RSD分别为3.4%和5.2%,说明本方法的灵敏度高,能够与满足测定的要求。
取“2.1.2”项下的系列对照品溶液,分别按照“2.2”项下的色谱与质谱条件进样分析,对于内标法,以峰面积之比Y为纵坐标,对应的浓度比X为横坐标进行线性回归;对于外标法,以峰面积Y为纵坐标,对应的浓度X为横坐标进行线性回归。结果表明,NDMA在0.2~50 ng·mL-1内线性关系良好,内标法计算下回归方程为Y=1.056X-0.134 0(r=0.999 9),外标法计算下为Y=793.9X-42.98(r=0.999 9)。
取浓度为0.5 ng·mL-1的对照品溶液,按照“2.2”项下的色谱与质谱条件连续进样6次分析,NDMA与内标峰面积之比的RSD为2.7%,NDMA峰面积的RSD为3.7%,NDMA保留时间的RSD为0.025%,表明仪器的精密度良好。
取同一批研磨后的样品6份,分别精密加入100 ng·mL-1的NDMA对照品溶液80 μL,按“2.1.3”项下的方法制备供试溶液,随后按照“2.2”项下的色谱与质谱条件进行分析,NDMA在内标法与外标法计算下平均值(n=6)分别为26.32和24.22 ng·g-1,RSD分别为3.7%和2.9%,表明该方法具有良好的重复性。
取同一批研磨后的样品9份,分别精密加入100 ng·mL-1的NDMA对照品溶液40 μL(50%限度浓度)、80 μL(100%限度浓度)和120 μL(150%限度浓度)各3份,按“2.1.3”项下的方法制备供试溶液并以“2.2”项下的色谱与质谱条件进行分析,并计算相应的回收率,结果见表1。结果表明,无论是内标法还是外标法,都有较好的回收率,本方法具有良好的准确性。
取“2.4.5”项下的供试溶液,于室温(25 ℃)中放置,并于0、4、8、16、20、24 h进样分析,对照品溶液中,NDMA与内标峰面积之比的RSD(n=6)为2.6%,NDMA峰面积的RSD(n=6)为4.3%;供试品溶液中,NDMA与内标峰面积之比的RSD(n=6)为5.3%,NDMA峰面积的RSD(n=6)为5.6%,表明对照品溶液与供试品溶液在24 h内均具有较好的稳定性。
取同一批研磨后的样品6份,分别精密加入100 ng·mL-1的NDMA对照品溶液80 μL,按“2.1.3”项下的方法制备供试溶液。在保持其它条件不变下,分别改变载气流速、进样温度和初始柱温,分别进样对照品溶液和上述的供试品溶液,考察各耐用性条件下NDMA测得量的变化情况,结果如表2所示。本方法在载气流速0.8~1.2 mL·min-1、进样温度195~205 ℃和初始柱温38~42 ℃范围内,供试品中NDMA测得量无明显差异,RSD均小于8%,耐用性良好。
使用本方法对90批次的盐酸二甲双胍缓释片进行检测,测定结果均小于国家药品监督管理局以及FDA规定的可接受限度的30%之内(0.014 4 μg·g-1)。由于NDMA具有不容忽视的基因毒性,对于盐酸二甲双胍这类需要长期使用的药物,超过可接受限度水平的NDMA将会为使用者带来严重的安全健康问题,因此药物生产企业应继续保持对盐酸二甲双胍类产品中NDMA的高度关注与控制。
本研究建立了一种稳定且可靠的气相色谱-串联质谱法测定盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中痕量NDMA的测定方法,该方法具有灵敏度高,专属性强,结果准确且稳定性好的优点,能够满足盐酸二甲双胍缓释片中NDMA的测定,为相关产品的质量控制和日常监管提供相应的技术支撑。
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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    1.广东省科学院测试分析研究所(中国广州分析测试中心) 广东省化学测量与应急检测技术重点实验室广东省中药质量安全工程技术研究中心,广州 510070
    2.广东赛康制药厂有限公司,惠州 516820

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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