Article(id=1239256892011237448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693238400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773391467334, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773391467334, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773391467334, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391467334, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239256891017195761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='921', pageEnd='1104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773391467098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391544580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=960, endPage=971, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239256892422279244, articleId=1239256892011237448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Determination of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine by DART-MS/MS method*, columnId=1239256892338393162, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish and optimize a rapid direct analysis of real time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) method for the rapid detection of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine that can be used in forensic toxicology work.

Methods:

A DART ion source was used in conjunction with an API4000 Q Trap mass spectrometer. A DART 12Dip-ItTM autosampling module with a module travel speed of 0.6 mm·s-1, a sample volume of 5 μL, and a gate voltage of 200 V were applied. The mass spectrometry section scans in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. After further optimization, the DART-MS/MS method was validated and applied to real case samples.

Results:

Ethyl acetate was selected as the extractant for liquid-liquid extraction and the temperature of the carrier gas heater was optimized. The method has good selectivity and does not interfere with delayed effects. The linearity was good, and the limits of detection (LODs) for the targets in blood and urine were in the ranges of 0.5-10 ng·mL-1 and 0.2-2 ng·mL-1, respectively. And the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 1-50 ng·mL-1 and 0.5-5 ng·mL-1, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 78.8% to 119%, and the matrix effects ranged from -17.5% to 18.5%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not greater than 14.4% for the high and intermediate concentrations, and not greater than 18.1% at the limits of quantification. This method enables fast and accurate examination of case samples.

Conclusion:

The method is fast and convenient, with good sensitivity, and can be applied to the research and work of rapid detection of toxicants to improve the efficiency of detection.

, correspAuthors=Ying ZHANG, Ji-fen WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fu-bang LIU, Ying ZHANG, Ji-fen WANG, Pei-long ZHOU, Xiao-long HOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239256897468027171, articleId=1239256892011237448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=实时直接分析串联质谱法检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物*, columnId=1239184757708345914, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

优化并建立一种快速检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的实时直接分析串联质谱(direct analysis of real time,DART-MS/MS)方法,使其能够用于法医毒物检验工作。

方法:

使用DART离子源与API4000 Q Trap质谱仪联用;装载DART 12Dip-ItTM自动进样模块,模块移动速度为0.6 mm·s-1,进样量为5 μL,栅极电压为200 V;质谱部分在正离子模式下使用多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描监测。进一步优化DART-MS/MS条件后建立的方法经过方法学验证,并应用于实际案例检材。

结果:

选用乙酸乙酯为萃取剂进行液液萃取,优化载气加热器温度;该方法选择性良好,无延迟效应;线性关系良好,血液和尿液中目标物检测限分别在0.5~10 ng·mL-1和0.2~2 ng·mL-1,定量限分别在1~50 ng·mL-1和 0.5~5 ng·mL-1;回收率在78.8%~119.0%,基质效应在-17.5%~18.5%;高、中浓度的日内、日间精密度与重复性不大于14.4%,定量限不大于18.1%。

结论:

该方法快速简便,灵敏度良好,可应用于毒物快速检验研究与工作,提高检验效率。

, correspAuthors=张瑛, 王继芬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 张瑛 Tel:13910513989;E-mail:;
王继芬 Tel:13691409863;E-mail:
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caption=Variation of mean peak area with carrier gas heater temperature for 12 benzodiazepines, figureFileSmall=IGJ95lfG5GO9q68BZNGsug==, figureFileBig=7unsC0S+vvGs6dds98LNlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268357254476260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=图4, caption=12个苯二氮䓬类药物的平均峰面积随载气加热器温度的变化

A.前6种(first 6) B.后6种(last 6)

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A.回收率(recovery) B.基质效应(matrix effect)

, figureFileSmall=traZOBWRx8VfZ2hrb1+O1g==, figureFileBig=fWuzwjR6EZjr5vTXNJwW7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268357594214897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Recovery and matrix effect of 12 benzodiazepines in urine after treatment with five liquid-liquid extractants, figureFileSmall=7jgOxjcYfefKGqxFaDWVEA==, figureFileBig=EXRertsSB12PxdR8BCNDzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268357720044023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=图6, caption=五种液液萃取剂处理后尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的回收率与基质效应

A.回收率(recovery) B.基质效应(matrix effect)

, figureFileSmall=7jgOxjcYfefKGqxFaDWVEA==, figureFileBig=EXRertsSB12PxdR8BCNDzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268357782958588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Chemical information and mass spectrometric parameters of internal standard and 12 benzodiazepines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
化合物
(compound)
CAS号
(CAS number)
分子式
(molecular formula)
结构式
(structural formula)
母离子
(parent ion)
m/z
子离子
(daughter ions)
m/z
去簇电压
(declustering potential)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
1艾司唑仑(estazolam)29975-16-4C16H11ClN4295.1205.1/267.0*10956/35
2奥沙西泮(oxazepam)604-75-1C15H11ClN2O2287.2104.0*/241.39149/31
3地西泮(diazepam)439-14-5C16H13ClN2O285.1154.1/193.1*10437/45
4氟西泮(flurazepam)17617-23-1C21H23ClFN3O388.2315.1*/317.18333/27
5劳拉西泮(lorazepam)846-49-1C15H10Cl2N2O2321.2228.9/275.1*8942/31
6氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)848-75-9C16H12Cl2N2O2335.1177.2/289.1*9063/30
7普拉西泮(prazepam)2955-38-6C19H17ClN2O325.2140.0/271.0*10054/32
8去甲西泮(nordazepam)1088-11-5C15H11ClN2O271.1140.1*/165.111040/39
9替马西泮(temazepam)846-50-4C16H13ClN2O301.2177.1/255.2*8055/30
10硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)2011-67-8C16H13N3O3296.2221.2/250.1*10148/35
11硝西泮(nitrazepam)146-22-5C15H11N3O3282.1180.1/236.1*10253/35
12溴西泮(bromazepam)1812-30-2C14H10BrN3O316.0182.2*/209.19346/38
13地西泮-D5(内标)
[diazepam-D5
(internal standard)]
65854-76-4C16H8D5ClN2O290.2154.1/198.3*11139/44
), ArticleFig(id=1239268357866844673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

内标物与12个苯二氮䓬类药物的化学信息与质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
化合物
(compound)
CAS号
(CAS number)
分子式
(molecular formula)
结构式
(structural formula)
母离子
(parent ion)
m/z
子离子
(daughter ions)
m/z
去簇电压
(declustering potential)/V
碰撞能量
(collision energy)/eV
1艾司唑仑(estazolam)29975-16-4C16H11ClN4295.1205.1/267.0*10956/35
2奥沙西泮(oxazepam)604-75-1C15H11ClN2O2287.2104.0*/241.39149/31
3地西泮(diazepam)439-14-5C16H13ClN2O285.1154.1/193.1*10437/45
4氟西泮(flurazepam)17617-23-1C21H23ClFN3O388.2315.1*/317.18333/27
5劳拉西泮(lorazepam)846-49-1C15H10Cl2N2O2321.2228.9/275.1*8942/31
6氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)848-75-9C16H12Cl2N2O2335.1177.2/289.1*9063/30
7普拉西泮(prazepam)2955-38-6C19H17ClN2O325.2140.0/271.0*10054/32
8去甲西泮(nordazepam)1088-11-5C15H11ClN2O271.1140.1*/165.111040/39
9替马西泮(temazepam)846-50-4C16H13ClN2O301.2177.1/255.2*8055/30
10硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)2011-67-8C16H13N3O3296.2221.2/250.1*10148/35
11硝西泮(nitrazepam)146-22-5C15H11N3O3282.1180.1/236.1*10253/35
12溴西泮(bromazepam)1812-30-2C14H10BrN3O316.0182.2*/209.19346/38
13地西泮-D5(内标)
[diazepam-D5
(internal standard)]
65854-76-4C16H8D5ClN2O290.2154.1/198.3*11139/44
), ArticleFig(id=1239268357954925062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear relationships,LODs and LOQs of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质
(matrix)
药物
(drug)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1)
线性方程
(linear equation)
rLOD/(ng·mL-1)LOQ/(ng·mL-1)
血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)0.01~1Y=7.102X+0.016 10.998 0510
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.02~1Y=0.471X+0.009 20.990 41020
地西泮(diazepam)0.005~1Y=9.582X+0.032 90.993 325
氟西泮(flurazepam)0.001~0.5Y=69.76X+0.020 400.996 50.51
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)0.01~1Y=2.961X+0.038 200.990 6510
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)0.01~1Y=9.509X+0.044 700.995 5510
普拉西泮(prazepam)0.01~1Y=16.22X+0.100 90.991 6510
去甲西泮(nordazepam)0.05~1Y=2.398X-0.003 2000.999 41050
替马西泮(temazepam)0.005~1Y=16.74X+0.015 100.994 925
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)0.005~1Y=5.858X+0.005 1000.997 025
硝西泮(nitrazepam)0.02~1Y=2.969X+0.008 3000.996 31020
溴西泮(bromazepam)0.01~1Y=2.268X-0.008 9000.994 0210
尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)0.002~1Y=11.74X+0.009 3000.993 90.52
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.005~1Y=1.137X-0.003 0000.990 925
地西泮(diazepam)0.002~1Y=9.842X+0.006 9000.994 00.52
氟西泮(flurazepam)0.000 5~0.5Y=25.28X+0.002 8000.994 50.20.5
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)0.005~0.5Y=11.38X+0.002 3000.991 825
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)0.001~0.5Y=10.63X+0.020 500.993 30.51
普拉西泮(prazepam)0.001~1Y=19.78X+0.014 000.995 80.51
去甲西泮(nordazepam)0.005~1Y=2.940X+0.0032 000.992 215
替马西泮(temazepam)0.002~1Y=18.21X--0.002 9000.994 30.52
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)0.001~1Y=6.599X+0.005 6000.995 20.21
硝西泮(nitrazepam)0.002~1Y=6.938X+0.013 700.995 412
溴西泮(bromazepam)0.002~1Y=2.658X+0.003 0000.996 40.52
), ArticleFig(id=1239268358084948493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的线性关系、LOD和LOQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质
(matrix)
药物
(drug)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1)
线性方程
(linear equation)
rLOD/(ng·mL-1)LOQ/(ng·mL-1)
血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)0.01~1Y=7.102X+0.016 10.998 0510
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.02~1Y=0.471X+0.009 20.990 41020
地西泮(diazepam)0.005~1Y=9.582X+0.032 90.993 325
氟西泮(flurazepam)0.001~0.5Y=69.76X+0.020 400.996 50.51
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)0.01~1Y=2.961X+0.038 200.990 6510
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)0.01~1Y=9.509X+0.044 700.995 5510
普拉西泮(prazepam)0.01~1Y=16.22X+0.100 90.991 6510
去甲西泮(nordazepam)0.05~1Y=2.398X-0.003 2000.999 41050
替马西泮(temazepam)0.005~1Y=16.74X+0.015 100.994 925
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)0.005~1Y=5.858X+0.005 1000.997 025
硝西泮(nitrazepam)0.02~1Y=2.969X+0.008 3000.996 31020
溴西泮(bromazepam)0.01~1Y=2.268X-0.008 9000.994 0210
尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)0.002~1Y=11.74X+0.009 3000.993 90.52
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.005~1Y=1.137X-0.003 0000.990 925
地西泮(diazepam)0.002~1Y=9.842X+0.006 9000.994 00.52
氟西泮(flurazepam)0.000 5~0.5Y=25.28X+0.002 8000.994 50.20.5
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)0.005~0.5Y=11.38X+0.002 3000.991 825
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)0.001~0.5Y=10.63X+0.020 500.993 30.51
普拉西泮(prazepam)0.001~1Y=19.78X+0.014 000.995 80.51
去甲西泮(nordazepam)0.005~1Y=2.940X+0.0032 000.992 215
替马西泮(temazepam)0.002~1Y=18.21X--0.002 9000.994 30.52
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)0.001~1Y=6.599X+0.005 6000.995 20.21
硝西泮(nitrazepam)0.002~1Y=6.938X+0.013 700.995 412
溴西泮(bromazepam)0.002~1Y=2.658X+0.003 0000.996 40.52
), ArticleFig(id=1239268359607480848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Matrix effects,recoveries and RSDs of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质
(matrix)
药物
(drug)
浓度(concentration)/(ng·mL-1)平均回收率
(mean recovery)/%
平均基质效应
(mean matrix effect)/%
回收率RSD
(RSD of recovery)/%
基质效应RSD
(RSD of matrix effect)/%
血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)50096.4-9.110.911.4
5082.8-3.16.111.7
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50084.7-10.910.76.0
5080.7-12.24.37.7
地西泮(diazepam)500102.73.611.44.9
5097.1-3.913.012.3
氟西泮(flurazepam)500119.018.57.84.6
50103.38.112.610.3
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)50083.1-6.310.011.2
5081.5-13.49.77.3
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)50093.8-4.212.38.4
5084.3-9.79.211.9
普拉西泮(prazepam)50095.914.79.34.6
5086.23.713.89.6
去甲西泮(nordazepam)50098.2-6.412.210.8
5081.7-9.95.111.4
替马西泮(temazepam)50089.9-3.88.08.8
5090.1-8.911.912.4
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)50097.7-0.713.412.3
5086.0-16.99.09.6
硝西泮(nitrazepam)50081.4-14.79.510.2
5079.6-11.94.99.7
溴西泮(bromazepam)50087.4-17.513.110.5
5078.8-9.25.19.9
尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)50093.7-5.07.911.2
5087.52.57.48.7
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50095.15.911.112.3
5095.29.711.68.8
地西泮(diazepam)500101.1-1.812.712.2
5098.1-1.510.65.9
氟西泮(flurazepam)500101.2-1.013.912.3
5093.913.013.310.0
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)500107.0-8.511.813.3
5094.15.610.19.6
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)50093.4-5.812.39.3
5082.2-0.507.213.7
普拉西泮(prazepam)50088.40.3012.910.8
5095.71.49.811.8
去甲西泮(nordazepam)50093.9-13.96.313.8
5092.18.75.612.2
替马西泮(temazepam)50099.4-13.511.612.7
5095.10.6011.311.7
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)50086.1-13.611.08.7
5086.8-11.311.910.0
硝西泮(nitrazepam)50092.2-12.511.313.2
5093.9%12.0%13.8%9.8%
溴西泮(bromazepam)50095.0%-5.6%11.4%11.1%
5082.9%3.7%6.4%9.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1239268359771058710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

12个苯二氮䓬类药物在血液与尿液中的基质效应与回收率及RSD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质
(matrix)
药物
(drug)
浓度(concentration)/(ng·mL-1)平均回收率
(mean recovery)/%
平均基质效应
(mean matrix effect)/%
回收率RSD
(RSD of recovery)/%
基质效应RSD
(RSD of matrix effect)/%
血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)50096.4-9.110.911.4
5082.8-3.16.111.7
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50084.7-10.910.76.0
5080.7-12.24.37.7
地西泮(diazepam)500102.73.611.44.9
5097.1-3.913.012.3
氟西泮(flurazepam)500119.018.57.84.6
50103.38.112.610.3
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)50083.1-6.310.011.2
5081.5-13.49.77.3
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)50093.8-4.212.38.4
5084.3-9.79.211.9
普拉西泮(prazepam)50095.914.79.34.6
5086.23.713.89.6
去甲西泮(nordazepam)50098.2-6.412.210.8
5081.7-9.95.111.4
替马西泮(temazepam)50089.9-3.88.08.8
5090.1-8.911.912.4
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)50097.7-0.713.412.3
5086.0-16.99.09.6
硝西泮(nitrazepam)50081.4-14.79.510.2
5079.6-11.94.99.7
溴西泮(bromazepam)50087.4-17.513.110.5
5078.8-9.25.19.9
尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)50093.7-5.07.911.2
5087.52.57.48.7
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50095.15.911.112.3
5095.29.711.68.8
地西泮(diazepam)500101.1-1.812.712.2
5098.1-1.510.65.9
氟西泮(flurazepam)500101.2-1.013.912.3
5093.913.013.310.0
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)500107.0-8.511.813.3
5094.15.610.19.6
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)50093.4-5.812.39.3
5082.2-0.507.213.7
普拉西泮(prazepam)50088.40.3012.910.8
5095.71.49.811.8
去甲西泮(nordazepam)50093.9-13.96.313.8
5092.18.75.612.2
替马西泮(temazepam)50099.4-13.511.612.7
5095.10.6011.311.7
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)50086.1-13.611.08.7
5086.8-11.311.910.0
硝西泮(nitrazepam)50092.2-12.511.313.2
5093.9%12.0%13.8%9.8%
溴西泮(bromazepam)50095.0%-5.6%11.4%11.1%
5082.9%3.7%6.4%9.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1239268359922053653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Precision and repeatability of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物
(drug)
浓度(concentration)/(ng·mL-1)血液(blood)尿液(urine)
精密度(precision),RSD/%重复性
(repeatability)
精密度(precision),RSD/%重复性
(repeatability)
日内
(intra-day)
日间
(inter-day)
平均浓度(average concentration)/(ng·mL-1)RSD/%日内
(intra-day)
日间
(inter-day)
平均浓度(average concentration)/(ng·mL-1)RSD/%
艾司唑仑(estazolam)50010.112.7519.258.39.211.1513.62 7.7
1005.09.1105.298.84.111.9106.68 8.7
LOQ9.016.510.82 10.612.714.82.15 11.2
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50012.812.6490.479.37.08.5486.92 8.0
1007.913.9101.928.17.89.093.00 9.8
LOQ15.717.418.4514.211.515.24.73 12.4
地西泮(diazepam)50010.112.8522.9010.68.310.9528.02 5.9
1006.813.0111.846.89.510.5105.18 7.3
LOQ11.07.75.37 12.59.516.71.12 12.2
氟西泮(flurazepam)5008.112.9494.9411.08.510.9494.72 6.7
1007.08.396.918.86.514.495.95 11.8
LOQ13.117.30.8611.614.215.00.57 16.5
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)5006.213.6477.157.811.012.8523.74 7.6
1009.211.690.728.611.07.9108.59 8.9
LOQ13.516.39.7613.01.017.85.26 13.6
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)5008.611.8498.5810.110.39.8528.64 10.1
1009.011.5104.827.46.08.7108.84 7.3
LOQ13.814.911.3013.712.918.11.17 13.5
普拉西泮(prazepam)5007.811.7508.727.910.111.7515.54 10.9
10010.912.2108.8511.37.812.5102.09 9.9
LOQ12.713.111.058.94.612.41.06 9.8
去甲西泮(nordazepam)5009.28.6482.829.59.38.6522.60 10.0
10010.613.096.7311.68.28.6102.22 6.4
LOQ3.513.349.53 12.99.113.15.39 12.1
替马西泮(temazepam)5007.28.4518.599.111.911.2474.54 9.7
1007.912.098.057.99.313.398.59 7.4
LOQ7.913.34.799.712.111.92.25 11.4
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)5008.012.0519.279.29.59.8505.24 7.5
10010.19.5102.747.111.511.2104.40 11.1
LOQ13.110.45.1813.810.915.51.10 9.2
硝西泮(nitrazepam)5007.712.9499.587.13.210.2526.06 4.0
10012.013.7107.0311.510.612.3107.32 9.2
LOQ9.218.021.5214.316.416.52.25 14.5
溴西泮(bromazepam)5004.911.6517.959.510.212.8504.28 12.4
1007.09.4103.4710.17.113.6101.84 7.7
LOQ13.311.69.829.87.59.81.96 13.7
), ArticleFig(id=1239268360039494169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

12个苯二氮䓬类药物在血液及尿液中的精密度及重复性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物
(drug)
浓度(concentration)/(ng·mL-1)血液(blood)尿液(urine)
精密度(precision),RSD/%重复性
(repeatability)
精密度(precision),RSD/%重复性
(repeatability)
日内
(intra-day)
日间
(inter-day)
平均浓度(average concentration)/(ng·mL-1)RSD/%日内
(intra-day)
日间
(inter-day)
平均浓度(average concentration)/(ng·mL-1)RSD/%
艾司唑仑(estazolam)50010.112.7519.258.39.211.1513.62 7.7
1005.09.1105.298.84.111.9106.68 8.7
LOQ9.016.510.82 10.612.714.82.15 11.2
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)50012.812.6490.479.37.08.5486.92 8.0
1007.913.9101.928.17.89.093.00 9.8
LOQ15.717.418.4514.211.515.24.73 12.4
地西泮(diazepam)50010.112.8522.9010.68.310.9528.02 5.9
1006.813.0111.846.89.510.5105.18 7.3
LOQ11.07.75.37 12.59.516.71.12 12.2
氟西泮(flurazepam)5008.112.9494.9411.08.510.9494.72 6.7
1007.08.396.918.86.514.495.95 11.8
LOQ13.117.30.8611.614.215.00.57 16.5
劳拉西泮(lorazepam)5006.213.6477.157.811.012.8523.74 7.6
1009.211.690.728.611.07.9108.59 8.9
LOQ13.516.39.7613.01.017.85.26 13.6
氯甲西泮(lormetazepam)5008.611.8498.5810.110.39.8528.64 10.1
1009.011.5104.827.46.08.7108.84 7.3
LOQ13.814.911.3013.712.918.11.17 13.5
普拉西泮(prazepam)5007.811.7508.727.910.111.7515.54 10.9
10010.912.2108.8511.37.812.5102.09 9.9
LOQ12.713.111.058.94.612.41.06 9.8
去甲西泮(nordazepam)5009.28.6482.829.59.38.6522.60 10.0
10010.613.096.7311.68.28.6102.22 6.4
LOQ3.513.349.53 12.99.113.15.39 12.1
替马西泮(temazepam)5007.28.4518.599.111.911.2474.54 9.7
1007.912.098.057.99.313.398.59 7.4
LOQ7.913.34.799.712.111.92.25 11.4
硝甲西泮(nimetazepam)5008.012.0519.279.29.59.8505.24 7.5
10010.19.5102.747.111.511.2104.40 11.1
LOQ13.110.45.1813.810.915.51.10 9.2
硝西泮(nitrazepam)5007.712.9499.587.13.210.2526.06 4.0
10012.013.7107.0311.510.612.3107.32 9.2
LOQ9.218.021.5214.316.416.52.25 14.5
溴西泮(bromazepam)5004.911.6517.959.510.212.8504.28 12.4
1007.09.4103.4710.17.113.6101.84 7.7
LOQ13.311.69.829.87.59.81.96 13.7
), ArticleFig(id=1239268360148546078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Detection results of blood and urine specimens from authentic positive cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
服用药物
(type of medication taken)
检材类型
(type of materia)
检出物质
(the substance detected)
C/(ng·mL-1)偏差
(deviation)/%
DART-MS/MSHPLC-HRMS
101艾司唑仑(estazolam)血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)85.474.215.1
102艾司唑仑(estazolam)34.038.1-10.8
103艾司唑仑(estazolam)47.847.80.0
104艾司唑仑(estazolam)23.424.3-3.7
105艾司唑仑(estazolam)33.535.3-5.1
106艾司唑仑(estazolam)36.337.3-2.7
107艾司唑仑(estazolam)24.123.43.0
108艾司唑仑(estazolam)40.637.68.0
109艾司唑仑(estazolam)487.8481.41.3
110艾司唑仑(estazolam)48.141.216.7
111艾司唑仑(estazolam)13.114.9-12.1
112尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)3.12.96.9
113艾司唑仑(estazolam)5.24.515.6
201地西泮(diazepam)血液(blood)地西泮(diazepam)+1.9/
去甲西泮(nordazepam)+8.7/
202地西泮(diazepam)119.1106.711.6
去甲西泮(nordazepam)+7.7/
替马西泮(temazepam)8.27.017.1
301劳拉西泮(lorazepam)血液(blood)劳拉西泮(lorazepam)196.7202.9-3.1
302尿液(urine)劳拉西泮(lorazepam)27.824.812.1
401奥沙西泮(oxazepam)血液(blood)奥沙西泮(oxazepam)226.7246.1-7.9
), ArticleFig(id=1239268360245015075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256892011237448, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

苯二氮䓬类药物阳性血尿检材的检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
服用药物
(type of medication taken)
检材类型
(type of materia)
检出物质
(the substance detected)
C/(ng·mL-1)偏差
(deviation)/%
DART-MS/MSHPLC-HRMS
101艾司唑仑(estazolam)血液(blood)艾司唑仑(estazolam)85.474.215.1
102艾司唑仑(estazolam)34.038.1-10.8
103艾司唑仑(estazolam)47.847.80.0
104艾司唑仑(estazolam)23.424.3-3.7
105艾司唑仑(estazolam)33.535.3-5.1
106艾司唑仑(estazolam)36.337.3-2.7
107艾司唑仑(estazolam)24.123.43.0
108艾司唑仑(estazolam)40.637.68.0
109艾司唑仑(estazolam)487.8481.41.3
110艾司唑仑(estazolam)48.141.216.7
111艾司唑仑(estazolam)13.114.9-12.1
112尿液(urine)艾司唑仑(estazolam)3.12.96.9
113艾司唑仑(estazolam)5.24.515.6
201地西泮(diazepam)血液(blood)地西泮(diazepam)+1.9/
去甲西泮(nordazepam)+8.7/
202地西泮(diazepam)119.1106.711.6
去甲西泮(nordazepam)+7.7/
替马西泮(temazepam)8.27.017.1
301劳拉西泮(lorazepam)血液(blood)劳拉西泮(lorazepam)196.7202.9-3.1
302尿液(urine)劳拉西泮(lorazepam)27.824.812.1
401奥沙西泮(oxazepam)血液(blood)奥沙西泮(oxazepam)226.7246.1-7.9
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实时直接分析串联质谱法检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物*
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刘富邦 1, 2 , 张瑛 2, ** , 王继芬 1, ** , 周沛龙 3 , 侯晓龙 1
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024,44(6): 960-971
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024, 44(6): 960-971
实时直接分析串联质谱法检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物*
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刘富邦1, 2 , 张瑛2, ** , 王继芬1, ** , 周沛龙3, 侯晓龙1
作者信息
  • 1.中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京 100038
  • 2.北京市公安司法鉴定中心,法庭毒物分析公安部重点实验室,北京 100192
  • 3.中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药物研究所,北京 100050
  • Tel: 13468037657;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 张瑛 Tel:13910513989;E-mail:;
王继芬 Tel:13691409863;E-mail:
Determination of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine by DART-MS/MS method*
Fu-bang LIU1, 2 , Ying ZHANG2, ** , Ji-fen WANG1, ** , Pei-long ZHOU3, Xiao-long HOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicol, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
  • 2.School of Criminal Investigation, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
  • 3.Institue of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06
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目的:

优化并建立一种快速检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的实时直接分析串联质谱(direct analysis of real time,DART-MS/MS)方法,使其能够用于法医毒物检验工作。

方法:

使用DART离子源与API4000 Q Trap质谱仪联用;装载DART 12Dip-ItTM自动进样模块,模块移动速度为0.6 mm·s-1,进样量为5 μL,栅极电压为200 V;质谱部分在正离子模式下使用多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描监测。进一步优化DART-MS/MS条件后建立的方法经过方法学验证,并应用于实际案例检材。

结果:

选用乙酸乙酯为萃取剂进行液液萃取,优化载气加热器温度;该方法选择性良好,无延迟效应;线性关系良好,血液和尿液中目标物检测限分别在0.5~10 ng·mL-1和0.2~2 ng·mL-1,定量限分别在1~50 ng·mL-1和 0.5~5 ng·mL-1;回收率在78.8%~119.0%,基质效应在-17.5%~18.5%;高、中浓度的日内、日间精密度与重复性不大于14.4%,定量限不大于18.1%。

结论:

该方法快速简便,灵敏度良好,可应用于毒物快速检验研究与工作,提高检验效率。

实时直接分析  /  血液  /  尿液  /  苯二氮䓬类药物  /  快速检验
Objective:

To establish and optimize a rapid direct analysis of real time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) method for the rapid detection of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine that can be used in forensic toxicology work.

Methods:

A DART ion source was used in conjunction with an API4000 Q Trap mass spectrometer. A DART 12Dip-ItTM autosampling module with a module travel speed of 0.6 mm·s-1, a sample volume of 5 μL, and a gate voltage of 200 V were applied. The mass spectrometry section scans in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. After further optimization, the DART-MS/MS method was validated and applied to real case samples.

Results:

Ethyl acetate was selected as the extractant for liquid-liquid extraction and the temperature of the carrier gas heater was optimized. The method has good selectivity and does not interfere with delayed effects. The linearity was good, and the limits of detection (LODs) for the targets in blood and urine were in the ranges of 0.5-10 ng·mL-1 and 0.2-2 ng·mL-1, respectively. And the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 1-50 ng·mL-1 and 0.5-5 ng·mL-1, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 78.8% to 119%, and the matrix effects ranged from -17.5% to 18.5%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not greater than 14.4% for the high and intermediate concentrations, and not greater than 18.1% at the limits of quantification. This method enables fast and accurate examination of case samples.

Conclusion:

The method is fast and convenient, with good sensitivity, and can be applied to the research and work of rapid detection of toxicants to improve the efficiency of detection.

direct analysis of real time  /  blood  /  urine  /  benzodiazepines  /  rapid detection
刘富邦, 张瑛, 王继芬, 周沛龙, 侯晓龙. 实时直接分析串联质谱法检验血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 960 -971 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06
Fu-bang LIU, Ying ZHANG, Ji-fen WANG, Pei-long ZHOU, Xiao-long HOU. Determination of 12 benzodiazepines in blood and urine by DART-MS/MS method*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (6) : 960 -971 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06
苯二氮䓬类药物是一类与GABA-A受体相互作用产生安眠镇静效果的中枢神经系统抑制剂[1-2],该类药物副作用相对较小且种类繁多,在患有失眠、焦虑等神经系统症状的患者群体中流传甚广。但苯二氮䓬类药物的快速安眠镇静功效与一定的成瘾性,使得其易出现在自杀、抢劫、迷奸、药驾等各类案件中[3-5]
在摄入苯二氮䓬类药物后,原药会经人体的吸收出现在服药者的血液和尿液中,原药经肝脏代谢后也会产生代谢物,有些代谢物可以比原药在人体中保存时间更长,因此可作为代谢标志物同时进行检测[6]。如地西泮经代谢可能产生的去甲西泮同少量的替马西泮与奥沙西泮是具有精神活性的苯二氮䓬类药物[7]。同时检测几种相关的苯二氮䓬类药物也可以更准确地推断服用药物的种类与时间。
目前检验苯二氮䓬类药物的生物基质主要是血液和尿液,生物基质中苯二氮䓬类药物的检验方法主要是气相色谱-质谱联用法[8-9]与液相色谱-质谱联用法[10-12]。Banaszkiewicz等[8]使用液液萃取前处理后,结合气相色谱-串联质谱法建立了血液中28个苯二氮䓬类物质的检验方法,检测限(limit of detection,LOD)与定量限(limit of quantification,LOQ)分别为0.09~0.66 ng·mL-1和1~10 ng·mL-1。Szabolcs等 [10]使用固相萃取法处理样品后采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法检验血液和尿液中40个苯二氮䓬类物质与3个其他安眠药物,所建立的方法经过了充分验证并对300多个样本进行了常规分析,分析效果令人满意。
实时直接分析串联质谱法(direct analysis of real time-tandem mass spectrometry,DART-MS/MS)是将实时直接分析(direct analysis of real time,DART)电离源与串联质谱联用,实现分析物的实时、快速、准确分析,目前在药毒物分析领域已经有一些应用[13-17]。Ji等 [13]使用沉淀蛋白法与DART-MS/MS相结合建立了血液中23个合成大麻素的快速、简便、有效的检验方法。而Liu等 [14]在固相萃取法处理血浆后使用DART-MS/MS检测地西泮,实现了仅需25 μL血浆的定量检验。
本文以血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物为检验目标,利用DART-MS/MS法,实现了较为快速、简便、绿色的分析检验。建立的方法得到了充分验证与实践应用,可用于提高公安实战中案件的检验效率。
API4000 Q Trap四极杆-线性离子阱质谱与电喷雾离子源(AB Sciex公司);实时直接分析离子源(Ion Sense公司);漩涡混合器(Talboys公司);SIGMA 3-30K高速冷冻离心机(Sigma公司)。
对照品普拉西泮、地西泮、去甲西泮、硝西泮、艾司唑仑、劳拉西泮、氟西泮、奥沙西泮、硝甲西泮、溴西泮、替马西泮、氯甲西泮和100 μg·mL-1地西泮-D5内标溶液购自上海原思标物科技有限公司,纯度≥99%。表1为苯二氮䓬类药物与内标物的相关信息。
乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷、无水乙醚(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);甲醇(色谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司)。
血液:北京市公安司法鉴定中心提供;尿液:健康志愿者提供。
该方法使用DART离子源,通过VAPUR接口与质谱联用,离子源载气出口与质谱接口入口的距离为1.6 cm。使用DART 12Dip-ItTM自动进样模块,进样时使用移液器移取待测样品溶液5 μL至玻璃棒底端,模块移动速度为0.6 mm·s-1。DART电离模式为正离子模式,进样检测时使用氦气作为载气,待机时使用氮气作为载气。DART的气体流速默认为3 L·min-1,放电时栅极电压为200 V。经优化将载气加热器温度确定为400 ℃。
质谱使用API4000 Q Trap四极杆-线性离子阱质谱仪。扫描模式为正离子模式,电喷雾电压为5 500 V,入口电压为10 V,碰撞出口电压为14 V。使用多反应监测(MRM)模式,每个离子的驻留时间(dwell time)为50 ms,其他参数默认。各目标物离子质荷比、去簇电压和碰撞能量等优化后的参数如表1所示。典型谱图如图1所示,可见本法具有同时检测该13个物质的能力。
分别称取苯二氮䓬类对照品5 mg置于5 mL量瓶中,使用甲醇稀释并定容成为1.0 mg·mL-1标准储备液。根据实验需要使用甲醇稀释配制成其他浓度标准溶液。取100 μg·mL-1地西泮-D5内标溶液使用甲醇稀释10倍,制备成10 μg·mL-1地西泮-D5内标溶液备用。
方法学验证中的各浓度添加样品通过将混合标准溶液与空白基质(血液或尿液)以1∶4的比例混合并振荡混匀制备。
向离心管中加入血液或尿液样品300 μL和 10 μg·mL-1地西泮-D5溶液10 μL,涡旋振荡30 s,再加入蛋白沉淀剂或萃取剂690 μL,涡旋振荡30 s后超声(频率40 kHz,功率1 000 W)5 min,以14 000 r·min-1高速离心5 min后提取上清液供仪器分析。通过考察基质效应和回收率确定乙酸乙酯为最佳萃取溶剂。
数据使用Analysis 1.5.2(AB SCIEX公司)软件查询并输出,主要使用Microsoft Excel (Microsoft公司,美国)软件处理。使用SPSS Statistics 26.0(IBM公司,美国)软件进行方差齐性检验和线性回归。
使用该方法检测空白血液和尿液样品与加入内标的空白样品溶液,未发现明显待测物信号。检测1 μg·mL-1血液和尿液标准溶液后紧接着检测空白血液和尿液样品,未发现存在待测物信号。因此该方法选择性良好,不存在延迟效应干扰。选择性与延迟效应实验中空白基质样品的代表性谱图如图2所示。
按照“2.2”项方法制备1 000、500、200、100、50、20、10、5、2、1、0.5 ng·mL-1系列浓度血液和尿液标准样品,每个浓度制备6个样品并按照“2.1”项方法进行检测,待测物与内标峰面积之比的平均值,用1/X作为权重系数进行加权线性回归,得回归方程与相关系数(r),结果见表2
按照“2.2”项方法制备0.2、0.1 ng·mL-1的低浓度添加供试溶液各3份,使信噪比S/N≥10为LOQ,S/N≥3为LOD,LOD和LOQ结果见表2,该方法检测血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的质量浓度在0.5~1 000 ng·mL-1线性关系良好。
准备6个不同来源的空白血液和尿液,一组配制高、低2种浓度的添加样品,前处理后检测;第二组先对空白血液和尿液进行前处理,再添加相同量对照品后检测;第三组配制同浓度的标准溶液并进样检测。A为对照品的峰面积与内标峰面积的比值,a为第一组,b为第二组,c为第三组,回收率=Aa/Ab×100%,基质效应=(Ab/Ac-1)×100%。按照上述方法计算后得该方法检测血液与尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的基质效应与回收率及RSD,见表3。由表3可得,用该方法检测血液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物时回收率为78.8%~119%,基质效应为-17.5%~18.5%;而检测尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物时回收率为82.2%~107%,基质效应为-13.9%~13%,基质效应与回收率的RSD均不大于13.9%,显然回收率和基质效应均符合定量的方法学验证要求。
采用LOQ、中、高3种浓度的添加样品,在早、中、晚分别进样检测,同样的操作连续进行5 d。使用同一天早、中、晚3个时间段的样品检测结果计算RSD,考察日内精密度;使用连续5 d的样品检测结果计算RSD,考察日间精密度;使用同批次的6个样品数据计算RSD考察重复性。血液与尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的精密度及重复性信息如表4所示。
表4可得血液和尿液中高、中浓度的12个苯二氮䓬类药物的日内、日间精密度与重复性均小于等于14.4%,LOQ处的日内、日间精密度与重复性均小于等于18.1%,符合定量分析的稳定性要求。
使用DART-MS/MS分析了疑似摄入苯二氮䓬类药物的64个真实案件检材,其中在18个案件检材中检出艾司唑仑等苯二氮䓬类药物。典型案例阳性检测结果图如图3所示。在使用DART-MS/MS法检验后,又使用高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(HPLC-HRMS)进行了检验以验证DART-MS/MS法的检验结果准确度。结果证明,使用DART-MS/MS方法与HPLC-HRMS法所得结果相似,以液质联用法为标准方法,DART-MS/MS法定量结果的偏差在-12.1%~17.1%。由201及202号检材的检验结果可知,HPLC-HRMS法检测地西泮与去甲西泮的LOQ略低,但DART-MS/MS法的灵敏度已足够用于日常案件的快速检验,且更加快速、简便、环保。相关阳性案件检材的具体检验结果如表5所示。
安装电喷雾离子源,将100 ng·mL-1标准溶液直接输注进样,正离子模式下在50~500 Da范围内全扫描采集待测物的质谱信号并根据[M+H]+的质荷比确定母离子,通过二级质谱扫描确定子离子,使用MRM模式优化离子对的DP和CE值。优化得出的质谱参数如表2所示。
在建立方法时DART离子源能够优化的参数相对较少,如离子源位置、模块移速、栅极电压等参数大都具有普适性,可以沿用默认参数,针对不同化合物需要进行优化的参数主要是载气加热器温度。
根据“2.1”设置仪器参数,分别取100 ng·mL-1苯二氮䓬类药物标准溶液在载气加热器温度在100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500 ℃时分别进样6次检测,得出12个苯二氮䓬类药物的平均峰面积随载气加热器温度的变化结果如图4所示。
结果表明,12个目标物分别在载气加热器温度350、400、450 ℃时所得的峰面积最高。综合考虑12个目标物的检验结果,选择400 ℃作为载气加热器温度。
按照“2.2”所述前处理方法分别处理添加样品,通过观察峰形并计算基质效应与回收率考察了乙腈作为蛋白沉淀剂的处理效果并考察了乙酸乙酯、无水乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、正己烷作为萃取剂的萃取效果。当乙腈作为蛋白沉淀剂时基质抑制作用较强且峰形不佳,故不采用乙腈进行处理。5种液液萃取剂处理血液、尿液后的回收率与基质效应如图56所示。
结果表明,血液及尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物在使用乙酸乙酯作为萃取剂进行液液萃取后检测得出的峰高、峰形良好,回收率与基质效应最佳且均能符合定量要求。因此,本研究选用乙酸乙酯对血液或尿液中的12个苯二氮䓬类药物进行液液萃取。
血液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物LOD在1~10 ng·mL-1,LOQ在1~50 ng·mL-1;尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物LOD在0.2~2 ng·mL-1,LOQ在0.5~5 ng·mL-1,与文献中所记载液质联用方法的LOD、LOQ相差不大[8-12],能够满足定性定量要求和实际应用需求。其中尿液中苯二氮䓬类药物的LOD和LOQ较低,这可能是由于尿液中有较高浓度的氨,会增强电离强度[18]
由于这些苯二氮䓬类药物之间存在代谢母体与产物的关系,在含有地西泮的样品中也检出了去甲西泮和替马西泮,虽未检出奥沙西泮(奥沙西泮需要经过去甲基化与羟基化2次代谢反应产生,浓度较低),可以说明服用了地西泮。而401号只检出高浓度奥沙西泮,未检出地西泮,说明是服用了奥沙西泮。104号血液与112号尿液、108号血液与113号尿液、301号血液与302号尿液均系同一案件检材,而血液检材中的苯二氮䓬类药物浓度均远高于尿液检材,一定程度上说明了艾司唑仑及劳拉西泮血液检材的检验价值较尿液检材高。
苯二氮䓬类药物之间存在互为代谢产物的关系,建立与使用分析方法应当同时分析其药物、代谢物及来源物质,以准确判断服用药物种类。本研究应用DART-MS/MS建立了血液和尿液中12个苯二氮䓬类药物的快速检验方法,经验证该方法在特异性、灵敏度、准确性等方面均能满足实战分析要求,且已应用于真实案例样品并与液质联用法进行了充分比较与讨论,可为毒物毒品快速筛查与检验研究与工作提供参考。
  • *公安部科技强警基础工作专项项目(2021JC32)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06
  • 接收时间:2023-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29
基金
*公安部科技强警基础工作专项项目(2021JC32)
作者信息
    1.中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京 100038
    2.北京市公安司法鉴定中心,法庭毒物分析公安部重点实验室,北京 100192
    3.中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药物研究所,北京 100050

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** 张瑛 Tel:13910513989;E-mail:;
王继芬 Tel:13691409863;E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.06
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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