Article(id=1239256891625369841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.01, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706112000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773391467243, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1719676800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773391467243, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773391467243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391467243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239256891017195761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='921', pageEnd='1104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773391467098, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773391544580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239257216084144254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239256891017195761, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=921, endPage=928, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239256892023828724, articleId=1239256891625369841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Analysis of the volatile oil composition of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods by GC-MS combining with retention index*, columnId=1239256891872833779, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysi, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To compare the differences of the volatile oil components of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods by GC-MS combined with retention index.

Methods:

Volatile oil of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff were extracted using steam distillation, salting-out assisted steam distillation and enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation. The chemical components of volatile oil extracted by different methods were analyzed by GC-MS combined with retention index, while the relative contents of volatile oil components were calculated by peak area normalization method.

Results:

Among the three extraction methods, the extraction rate of volatile oil was as follows, enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation > salting-out assisted steam distillation ≈ steam distillation method. The most comprehensive types of volatile oil were extracted by salting-out assisted steam distillation, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation, and finally by steam distillation. The main types of the volatile oil components of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods were basically unchanged, but the relative contents of various compounds were different. A total of 47 compounds were identified from the volatile oil extracted with the three methods, including 35 common compounds. The main chemical structural types of these compounds were terpenes, terpenes, terpenoids, aromatics and aliphatics, among which the higher content compounds were β-bisabolene(17.25%-19.42%), caryophyllene oxide (12.90%-15.70%), 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl) benzene (5.02%-9.36%) and β-pinene (5.31%-6.62%).

Conclusion:

The chemical composition types and relative contents of the volatile oil of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods are different, but the differences are not significant. The results can provide reference for the selection of suitable extraction methods and further utilization of volatile oil from Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff.

, correspAuthors=Rui LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mei-ling CHENG, Yan SUN, Rui LIU, Yin-li WANG, Yuan-peng HAO, Xue-mei QIN, Miao-rong PEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239256893428920576, articleId=1239256891625369841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=GC-MS结合保留指数分析不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油成分*, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法结合保留指数比较不同方法提取羊红膻挥发油成分异同。

方法:

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取羊红膻挥发油,通过GC-MS结合保留指数分析上述不同方法提取挥发油的化学成分,并采用峰面积归一化法计算挥发油成分相对含量。

结果:

3种提取方法的挥发油提取率大小顺序为酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、水蒸气蒸馏法。盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油种类最多,其次为酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法,最后为水蒸气蒸馏法。不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油主成分种类基本不变,但各类化合物的相对含量有变化。3种方法提取出的挥发油共鉴定出47个化合物,共有化合物35个,主要包括萜烯类、萜醚类、萜醇类、芳香族类和脂肪族类,其中含量较高的化合物有β-红没药烯(17.25%~19.42%)、石竹素(12.90%~15.70%)、1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯(5.02%~9.36%)和β-蒎烯(5.31%~6.62%)。

结论:

不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油的化学成分种类及相对含量有一定的差异,但差异不大。研究结果可为提取羊红膻挥发油选择适宜提取方法及进一步的开发利用提供参考。

, correspAuthors=刘瑞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel:15333512182;E-mail:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=CN, label=图1, caption=C7~C40正构烷烃混合对照品和不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油总离子流图

A.C7~C40正构烷烃混合对照品(C7~C40 n-alkane mixed control) B.T1 C.T2 D.T3

, figureFileSmall=9ObADnkXuEOhanm+zT1LJw==, figureFileBig=ZDfQDsMYFglUGj9cHiJQOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268348660347027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different extraction methods on the types of volatile oil from Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff, figureFileSmall=ZVlIh2b70wrg6rpffZKmEg==, figureFileBig=W+v48WGe5e73uKImMYDqSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268348727455900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同提取方法对羊红膻挥发油种类的影响, figureFileSmall=ZVlIh2b70wrg6rpffZKmEg==, figureFileBig=W+v48WGe5e73uKImMYDqSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268348811341986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Different volatile oil extractors, figureFileSmall=OiPJ/rek4BABToJDgOvETA==, figureFileBig=o+vCf5yNBYjDUH/06ETaDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268348920393895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同的挥发油提取器, figureFileSmall=OiPJ/rek4BABToJDgOvETA==, figureFileBig=o+vCf5yNBYjDUH/06ETaDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239268349012668589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Volatile oil extraction rate of three methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取方法
(extraction method)
挥发油量
(amount of volatile oil)/mL
提取率
(Extraction rate)/%
T10.300.25
T20.300.25
T30.400.33
), ArticleFig(id=1239268350480674997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3种方法挥发油提取率(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取方法
(extraction method)
挥发油量
(amount of volatile oil)/mL
提取率
(Extraction rate)/%
T10.300.25
T20.300.25
T30.400.33
), ArticleFig(id=1239268350602309823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Chemical composition and relative content of volatile oil from Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
tR/min化合物
(compound)
RIRI*相对含量(relative content)/%
T1T2T3
15.42α-蒎烯(α-pinene)9389380.731.061.03
26.03桧烯(sabinene)9779730.501.130.24
36.10β-蒎烯(β-pinene)982979[18]6.626.135.31
46.26月桂烯(myrcene)992992-1.701.33
56.824-异丙基甲苯(p-cymene)1 0281 0260.260.450.34
66.89右旋柠檬烯(D-limonene)1 0331 030[19]4.105.044.08
76.94桉叶油醇(eucalyptol)1 0361 038-0.290.37
87.16(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene)1 0501 051-0.410.25
97.36γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)1 0631 0640.230.660.45
107.83萜品油烯(terpinolene)1 0931 093--0.21
117.94正十一烷(undecane)1 1001 1003.053.723.69
128.02正壬醛(nonanal)1 1051 102-0.19-
138.68青枝烯(geijerene)1 1481 1502.374.741.90
148.88(E)-2-壬醛((E)-2-nonenal)1 1601 162-0.37-
159.02松香芹酮(pinocarvone)1 1691 164-0.27-
169.244-萜烯醇(terpinen-4-ol)1 1831 178-0.230.32
179.45α-松油醇(α-terpineol)1 1961 200-0.230.51
189.58桃金娘烯醇(myrtenol)1 2041 201[20]0.330.470.33
1910.092-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚(2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole)1 2301 2331.321.640.90
2011.341,2,3,6-四甲基双环[2.2.2]辛-2,5-二烯(1,2,3,6-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene)1 295/-0.220.37
2111.91(EE)-2,4-癸二烯醛((EE)-2,4-decadienal)1 3191 318-0.230.21
2213.52α-古巴烯(α-copaene)1 3831 3820.440.490.44
2313.91β-长叶蒎烯(β-longipinene)1 3971 4050.220.280.27
2414.81石竹烯(caryophyllene)1 4271 4235.464.974.14
2515.06β-古巴烯(β-copaene)1 4341 4330.330.380.50
2615.76(E)-β-金合欢烯((E)-β-farnesene)1 4571 4594.483.242.66
2715.84葎草烯(humulene)1 4591 4560.520.430.41
2816.74大根香叶烯D(germacrene D)1 4871 4873.404.573.82
2917.04(ZE)-α-法尼烯((ZE)-α-farnesene)1 4961 4961.451.581.88
3017.26双环大根香叶烯(bicyclogermacrene)1 5031 5010.600.981.00
3117.66β-红没药烯(β-bisabolene)1 5131 51119.4217.2518.33
3218.16δ-杜松烯(δ-cadinene)1 5261 5280.340.380.63
3318.38日缬草素(kessane)1 5321 5370.380.470.33
3420.25桉油烯醇(spathulenol)1 5811 5822.382.473.38
3520.48石竹素(caryophyllene oxide)1 5881 58915.7012.9012.96
3621.16喇叭烯氧化物-(Ⅱ)(ledene oxide-(Ⅱ))1 605/3.633.344.78
3721.89(E)-环氧化法尼烯((E)-farnesene epoxide)1 6221 6241.651.470.65
3822.5510,10-二甲基-2,6-二亚甲基双环[7.2.0]十一烷-5β-醇(10,10-dimethyl-2,6-dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecan-5β-ol)1 6381 6441.470.611.27
3923.901-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯(1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl)benzene)1 6711 6845.525.029.36
4024.46香木兰烯氧化物(1)(aromadendrene oxide-(1))1 683/0.28--
4124.644(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇(4(15),5,10(14)-germacratrien-1-ol)1 6891 6955.053.925.45
4226.32(5R)-2-甲基-5-(5-甲基-1-亚甲基-4-己烯基)-2-环己烯-1-酮((5R)-2-methyl-5-(5-methyl-1-methylene-4-hexenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one)1 7341 7341.271.041.57
4327.58香木兰烯氧化物(2)(aromadendrene oxide-(2))1 771/0.350.410.74
4429.52新植二烯(neophytadiene)1 8421 8400.550.330.47
4529.61(4-甲氧基-2-丙-1-烯基苯基)-2-甲基丁酸酯((4-methoxy-2-prop-1-enylphenyl)-2-methylbutanoate)1 8461 8460.370.220.30
4629.65植酮(phytone)1 8481 8470.380.240.35
4730.782-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-(3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯基丁酸酯(butanoic acid,2-methyl-,4-methoxy-2-(3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl ester)1 8991 8994.193.551.86
萜烯类(terpene)48.8450.6846.98
萜醇类(terpene alcohols)9.237.9311.26
萜醚类(terpene ethers)21.9918.8819.83
萜酮类(terpene ketones)1.271.041.57
萜醛类(terpenaldehydes)-0.27-
芳香族类(aromatics)11.6610.8812.76
脂肪族类(aliphatics)6.3510.046.99
总计(total)99.3499.7299.39
), ArticleFig(id=1239268350707167431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239256891625369841, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

羊红膻挥发油中化学成分及相对含量(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
tR/min化合物
(compound)
RIRI*相对含量(relative content)/%
T1T2T3
15.42α-蒎烯(α-pinene)9389380.731.061.03
26.03桧烯(sabinene)9779730.501.130.24
36.10β-蒎烯(β-pinene)982979[18]6.626.135.31
46.26月桂烯(myrcene)992992-1.701.33
56.824-异丙基甲苯(p-cymene)1 0281 0260.260.450.34
66.89右旋柠檬烯(D-limonene)1 0331 030[19]4.105.044.08
76.94桉叶油醇(eucalyptol)1 0361 038-0.290.37
87.16(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene)1 0501 051-0.410.25
97.36γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)1 0631 0640.230.660.45
107.83萜品油烯(terpinolene)1 0931 093--0.21
117.94正十一烷(undecane)1 1001 1003.053.723.69
128.02正壬醛(nonanal)1 1051 102-0.19-
138.68青枝烯(geijerene)1 1481 1502.374.741.90
148.88(E)-2-壬醛((E)-2-nonenal)1 1601 162-0.37-
159.02松香芹酮(pinocarvone)1 1691 164-0.27-
169.244-萜烯醇(terpinen-4-ol)1 1831 178-0.230.32
179.45α-松油醇(α-terpineol)1 1961 200-0.230.51
189.58桃金娘烯醇(myrtenol)1 2041 201[20]0.330.470.33
1910.092-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚(2-isopropyl-5-methylanisole)1 2301 2331.321.640.90
2011.341,2,3,6-四甲基双环[2.2.2]辛-2,5-二烯(1,2,3,6-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene)1 295/-0.220.37
2111.91(EE)-2,4-癸二烯醛((EE)-2,4-decadienal)1 3191 318-0.230.21
2213.52α-古巴烯(α-copaene)1 3831 3820.440.490.44
2313.91β-长叶蒎烯(β-longipinene)1 3971 4050.220.280.27
2414.81石竹烯(caryophyllene)1 4271 4235.464.974.14
2515.06β-古巴烯(β-copaene)1 4341 4330.330.380.50
2615.76(E)-β-金合欢烯((E)-β-farnesene)1 4571 4594.483.242.66
2715.84葎草烯(humulene)1 4591 4560.520.430.41
2816.74大根香叶烯D(germacrene D)1 4871 4873.404.573.82
2917.04(ZE)-α-法尼烯((ZE)-α-farnesene)1 4961 4961.451.581.88
3017.26双环大根香叶烯(bicyclogermacrene)1 5031 5010.600.981.00
3117.66β-红没药烯(β-bisabolene)1 5131 51119.4217.2518.33
3218.16δ-杜松烯(δ-cadinene)1 5261 5280.340.380.63
3318.38日缬草素(kessane)1 5321 5370.380.470.33
3420.25桉油烯醇(spathulenol)1 5811 5822.382.473.38
3520.48石竹素(caryophyllene oxide)1 5881 58915.7012.9012.96
3621.16喇叭烯氧化物-(Ⅱ)(ledene oxide-(Ⅱ))1 605/3.633.344.78
3721.89(E)-环氧化法尼烯((E)-farnesene epoxide)1 6221 6241.651.470.65
3822.5510,10-二甲基-2,6-二亚甲基双环[7.2.0]十一烷-5β-醇(10,10-dimethyl-2,6-dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecan-5β-ol)1 6381 6441.470.611.27
3923.901-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯(1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl)benzene)1 6711 6845.525.029.36
4024.46香木兰烯氧化物(1)(aromadendrene oxide-(1))1 683/0.28--
4124.644(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇(4(15),5,10(14)-germacratrien-1-ol)1 6891 6955.053.925.45
4226.32(5R)-2-甲基-5-(5-甲基-1-亚甲基-4-己烯基)-2-环己烯-1-酮((5R)-2-methyl-5-(5-methyl-1-methylene-4-hexenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one)1 7341 7341.271.041.57
4327.58香木兰烯氧化物(2)(aromadendrene oxide-(2))1 771/0.350.410.74
4429.52新植二烯(neophytadiene)1 8421 8400.550.330.47
4529.61(4-甲氧基-2-丙-1-烯基苯基)-2-甲基丁酸酯((4-methoxy-2-prop-1-enylphenyl)-2-methylbutanoate)1 8461 8460.370.220.30
4629.65植酮(phytone)1 8481 8470.380.240.35
4730.782-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-(3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯基丁酸酯(butanoic acid,2-methyl-,4-methoxy-2-(3-methyloxiranyl)phenyl ester)1 8991 8994.193.551.86
萜烯类(terpene)48.8450.6846.98
萜醇类(terpene alcohols)9.237.9311.26
萜醚类(terpene ethers)21.9918.8819.83
萜酮类(terpene ketones)1.271.041.57
萜醛类(terpenaldehydes)-0.27-
芳香族类(aromatics)11.6610.8812.76
脂肪族类(aliphatics)6.3510.046.99
总计(total)99.3499.7299.39
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GC-MS结合保留指数分析不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油成分*
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程美玲 1, 2 , 孙艳 1, 2 , 刘瑞 1, 2, ** , 王颖莉 3 , 郝渊鹏 4 , 秦雪梅 2, 4 , 裴妙荣 1
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(6): 921-928
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(6): 921-928
GC-MS结合保留指数分析不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油成分*
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程美玲1, 2 , 孙艳1, 2, 刘瑞1, 2, ** , 王颖莉3, 郝渊鹏4, 秦雪梅2, 4, 裴妙荣1
作者信息
  • 1.山西中医药大学 中药与食品工程学院,晋中 030619
  • 2.山西中医药大学 太行本草研究院,晋中 030619
  • 3.山西中医药大学 实验管理中心,晋中 030619
  • 4.山西大学 中医药现代研究中心,太原 030006
  • Tel: 18797151135;E-mail:

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** Tel:15333512182;E-mail:
Analysis of the volatile oil composition of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods by GC-MS combining with retention index*
Mei-ling CHENG1, 2 , Yan SUN1, 2, Rui LIU1, 2, ** , Yin-li WANG3, Yuan-peng HAO4, Xue-mei QIN2, 4, Miao-rong PEI1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
  • 2.Taihang Herbal Research Institute, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
  • 3.Experiment Management Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
  • 4.Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
出版时间: 2024-06-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.01
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目的:

气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法结合保留指数比较不同方法提取羊红膻挥发油成分异同。

方法:

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取羊红膻挥发油,通过GC-MS结合保留指数分析上述不同方法提取挥发油的化学成分,并采用峰面积归一化法计算挥发油成分相对含量。

结果:

3种提取方法的挥发油提取率大小顺序为酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、水蒸气蒸馏法。盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油种类最多,其次为酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法,最后为水蒸气蒸馏法。不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油主成分种类基本不变,但各类化合物的相对含量有变化。3种方法提取出的挥发油共鉴定出47个化合物,共有化合物35个,主要包括萜烯类、萜醚类、萜醇类、芳香族类和脂肪族类,其中含量较高的化合物有β-红没药烯(17.25%~19.42%)、石竹素(12.90%~15.70%)、1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯(5.02%~9.36%)和β-蒎烯(5.31%~6.62%)。

结论:

不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油的化学成分种类及相对含量有一定的差异,但差异不大。研究结果可为提取羊红膻挥发油选择适宜提取方法及进一步的开发利用提供参考。

羊红膻  /  挥发油  /  气相色谱-质谱联用  /  保留指数  /  盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法  /  酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法
Objective:

To compare the differences of the volatile oil components of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods by GC-MS combined with retention index.

Methods:

Volatile oil of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff were extracted using steam distillation, salting-out assisted steam distillation and enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation. The chemical components of volatile oil extracted by different methods were analyzed by GC-MS combined with retention index, while the relative contents of volatile oil components were calculated by peak area normalization method.

Results:

Among the three extraction methods, the extraction rate of volatile oil was as follows, enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation > salting-out assisted steam distillation ≈ steam distillation method. The most comprehensive types of volatile oil were extracted by salting-out assisted steam distillation, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation, and finally by steam distillation. The main types of the volatile oil components of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods were basically unchanged, but the relative contents of various compounds were different. A total of 47 compounds were identified from the volatile oil extracted with the three methods, including 35 common compounds. The main chemical structural types of these compounds were terpenes, terpenes, terpenoids, aromatics and aliphatics, among which the higher content compounds were β-bisabolene(17.25%-19.42%), caryophyllene oxide (12.90%-15.70%), 1-(3-methyl-2-butenoxy)-4-(1-propenyl) benzene (5.02%-9.36%) and β-pinene (5.31%-6.62%).

Conclusion:

The chemical composition types and relative contents of the volatile oil of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods are different, but the differences are not significant. The results can provide reference for the selection of suitable extraction methods and further utilization of volatile oil from Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff.

Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff  /  volatile oil  /  GC-MS  /  retention index  /  salting-out assisted steam distillation  /  enzymatic hydrolysis-assisted steam distillation
程美玲, 孙艳, 刘瑞, 王颖莉, 郝渊鹏, 秦雪梅, 裴妙荣. GC-MS结合保留指数分析不同方法提取的羊红膻挥发油成分*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (6) : 921 -928 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.01
Mei-ling CHENG, Yan SUN, Rui LIU, Yin-li WANG, Yuan-peng HAO, Xue-mei QIN, Miao-rong PEI. Analysis of the volatile oil composition of Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff extracted with different methods by GC-MS combining with retention index*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (6) : 921 -928 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.06.01
羊红膻(Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff),别名羊洪膻、六月寒,为伞形科茴芹属缺刻叶茴芹的干燥全草[1],收载于2015年版《陕西省药材标准》[2],为2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的正心降脂片的君药[3],具有温中散寒、补养气血、补肾壮阳、活血化瘀的功效,主要分布在陕西、山西、河北及东北等地区。羊红膻具有扩张冠脉、降低冠脉阻力、减少心肌耗氧量、降压降脂、提高动物耐缺氧能力和提高免疫等作用[4-6],临床对于冠心病、高血压和克山病均有良好的功效,国医大师雷忠义与其心血管病课题研究组对羊红膻进行了数年的临床和实验研究[7],并以擅长应用羊红膻治疗冠心病等心血管疾病而远近闻名。
中药中各种化学成分是其发挥功效的物质基础。现代研究表明,羊红膻药材中主要含有挥发油、有机酸、苯丙素、黄酮、香豆素和其他等类化合物[8-11],但目前对羊红膻挥发油的报道较少。Suleimen等[12]对羊红膻的地上部分和根部的挥发油成分进行分析鉴定,并发现其具有较好的抗氧化活性。王长岱等[10]采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对羊红膻根中的挥发油进行了化学成分研究,鉴定了18个成分,其中含酸和酚类成分较多。
中药挥发油的常用提取方法有水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法、有机溶剂萃取法、同时蒸馏萃取法等。晏小霞等[13]采用5种方法提取益智果实挥发油;闫玺镁等[14]采用3种提取方法分析川芎挥发油成分差异,均表明采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取出的化合物种类最多。盐析辅助和酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法是近年来发展的新型挥发油提取技术[15],向水中加入一定浓度无机盐可增加植物组织细胞内外渗透压,使挥发油在水中的溶解度降低;纤维素酶能破坏植物细胞壁,使挥发性成分更易渗出,从而提高挥发油提取率。故本研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法、盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法、酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取羊红膻挥发油,并通过GC-MS结合保留指数(retention index,RI)分析其化学成分,以更全面地鉴定羊红膻挥发油中化学成分,对进一步开发利用羊红膻药材提供研究基础。
Agilent 8890-7000E型气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Agilent公司),DE-100 g型多功能粉碎机(浙江红景天工贸有限公司),KQ-250DE型超声波清洗仪(昆山市超声仪器有限公司),FA224型十万分之一电子天平(上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司)。
无水硫酸钠、氯化钠(天津市北辰方正试剂公司),柠檬酸钠(天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司),柠檬酸(天津化学试剂有限公司),以上试剂均为分析纯。纤维素酶(50 U·mg-1,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司),正己烷(色谱纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司),C7~C40正构烷烃混合对照品(Sigma-Aldrich公司)。
羊红膻采集于陕西省延安市黄龙县,经山西中医药大学中药与食品工程学院裴香萍教授鉴定为伞形科茴芹属植物羊红膻(Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff)的带根全草。
参照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(四部)通则“2204挥发油测定法”甲法[16]并略作修改进行提取。取羊红膻药材,粉碎成粗粉。取120.0 g于2 000 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10倍量的蒸馏水与沸石数粒,摇匀,浸泡2 h后置电热套中缓缓加热至沸,保持微沸状态直至挥发油测定器中油量不再增加。提取结束后,停止加热,静置分层,读取挥发油量,计算产率。收集挥发油并加入适量无水硫酸钠干燥,吸取上层挥发油8 μL,加入正己烷1 600 μL溶解,用0.22 μm有机微孔滤膜过滤,4 ℃保存,待测。
提取步骤同“2.1.1”项,仅将蒸馏水换为5%氯化钠溶液。
取羊红膻药材粗粉120.0 g于2 000 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10倍量的pH 4.8柠檬酸缓冲液,再加入1%原料质量的纤维素酶与沸石数粒,混匀,水浴50 ℃浸泡2 h,间歇震荡,浸泡结束后置电热套中缓缓加热至沸,余下步骤同“2.1.1”。
GC条件:HP-5MS毛细管柱(15 m×250 μm×0.25 μm),载气为He,流量为1.0 mL·min-1,进样量为1 μL,分流比为10 ∶1,进样口温度为260 ℃,程序升温(初始温度为50 ℃,保持1 min,以10 ℃·min-1升温至126 ℃,再以2 ℃·min-1升温至160 ℃,然后以8 ℃·min-1升温至220 ℃,最后以50 ℃·min-1升温至300 ℃,保持1 min)。
MS条件:电子轰击离子源(EI),电子能量为70 eV,离子源温度为230 ℃,溶剂延迟时间为3.5 min,四极杆温度为150 ℃,检测范围m/z为45~500。
将C7~C40正构烷烃混合对照品与不同提取方法得到的挥发油样品按“2.2”项条件进行GC-MS测定,得到其总离子流图(图1)。根据各正构烷烃的保留时间与线性升温公式计算样品中各组分的保留指数[17],计算公式为:
式中tx、tn、tn+1分别为被分析组分和碳原子处于nn+1之间的正构烷烃(tn<tx<tn+1)流出峰的保留时间。
将总离子流图中各色谱峰积分并提取峰质谱图,再将得到的质谱图与NIST17质谱图库进行检索匹配,同时将计算出的各组分RI值与网站(https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/cas-ser/)的RI*值进行对比,以质谱相似度及保留指数接近度最高的化合物为最佳鉴定结果,采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对含量。
挥发油提取率公式:
3种方法的挥发油提取率结果见表1,与水蒸气蒸馏法相比,盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法未提高挥发油提取率,而用酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取率提高了32%。
在3种方法提取的羊红膻挥发油中共鉴定出47个化合物,包括萜烯类19个、萜醚类7个、萜醇类6个、萜醛类1个、萜酮类1个、芳香族类5个、脂肪族类8个。其中盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(T2)提取出化合物种类最多,为45个;其次为酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(T3),鉴定出43个化合物;水蒸气蒸馏法(T1)鉴定出的化合物种类最少,为36个,结果见图2
羊红膻挥发油中萜烯类化合物占比最大(46.98%~50.68%),其中相对含量较高的为β-红没药烯(17.25%~19.42%)、β-蒎烯(5.31%~6.62%)、石竹烯(4.14%~5.46%)、右旋柠檬烯(4.08%~5.04%)、大根香叶烯D(3.40%~4.57%)和(E)-β-金合欢烯(2.66%~4.48%);其次为萜醚类化合物(18.88%~21.99%),其中石竹素(12.90%~15.70%)和喇叭烯氧化物-(Ⅱ)(3.34%~4.78%)相对含量较高;芳香族类化合物(10.88%~12.76%)中相对含量较高的有1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯(5.02%~9.36%)和2-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-(3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯基丁酸酯(1.86%~4.19%);萜醇化合物(7.93%~11.26%)中4(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇(3.92%~5.45%)和桉油烯醇(2.38%~3.38%)相对含量较高;脂肪族类化合物(6.35%~10.04%)中相对含量较高的有正十一烷(3.05%~3.72%)和青枝烯(1.90%~4.74%);其他类化合物总含量均在5%以下,结果见表2
将3种方法提取的挥发油中均能鉴定到的化合物归为共有化合物,由表2可知,有35个共有化合物,包括16个萜烯、5个萜醚、4个萜醇、1个萜酮、5个芳香族、4种脂肪族化合物。其中含量较高的化合物为β-红没药烯、石竹素、1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、β-蒎烯、石竹烯、4(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇、右旋柠檬烯、大根香叶烯D、喇叭烯氧化物-(Ⅱ)、正十一烷和(E)-β-金合欢烯。
3种方法提取的挥发油共有成分中,与T1提取的挥发油相比,T2提取的挥发油中仅脂肪族类化合物的相对含量增高,其他类化合物相对含量均下降;T3提取的挥发油中萜醇、萜酮、芳香族和脂肪族类化合物相对含量升高,其他类化合物相对含量降低。
与T1提取的挥发油相比,T2与T3提取的挥发油中β-红没药烯、石竹素、β-蒎烯、石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯相对含量均下降,大根香叶烯D和正十一烷相对含量均升高;1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、4(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇和喇叭烯氧化物-(Ⅱ)在T2提取的挥发油中相对含量下降,但在T3提取的挥发油中相对含量上升;T2提取的挥发油中右旋柠檬烯的相对含量上升,在T3提取的挥发油中其相对含量则下降。
不同方法提取的挥发油中特有化合物的相对含量均低于0.5%,仅在T1提取的提取的挥发油中鉴定出的化合物为香木兰烯氧化物(1)(0.28%),仅在T2提取的挥发油鉴定出的3种化合物均为醛类化合物,分别为正壬醛(0.19%)、反-2-壬醛(0.37%)、松香芹酮(0.27%),仅在T3提取的挥发油鉴定出的化合物为萜品油烯(0.21%)。月桂烯、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯、1,2,3,6-四甲基双环[2.2.2]辛-2,5-二烯、桉叶油醇、4-萜烯醇、α-松油醇、(EE)-2,4-癸二烯醛7个化合物未在T1法检出,但在T2与T3法均可检出,除月桂烯相对含量大于1%,其余6个化合物相对含量均低于0.5%。由此可知,盐析辅助和酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油虽然种类比水蒸气蒸馏法多,但这些化合物相对含量都较低。
由于植物挥发油中普遍存在同分异构体,因此仅通过目标峰的质谱图与NIST17库检索匹配难以对成分进行准确定性。RI是把目标化合物的保留值用前后2个接近它的正构烷烃的保留时间来标定,为GC定性指标的一种参数,仅与柱温和固定相性质有关,具有良好的重现性与准确度[17],可用于辅助GC-MS技术鉴定同分异构体。
表2所示,羊红膻挥发油中主要含分子式为C10H16、C15H24的烯萜类化合物,表中C10H16存在8种同分异构体,C15H24存在11种同分异构体,通过检索匹配NIST2017质谱图库,虽然能快速鉴定分析化合物,但结果不一定准确,而使用RI辅助GC-MS定性能有效降低误判率。如表2中保留时间为17.04 min的色谱峰,经检索NIST2017质谱图库,匹配度较高的2个化合物分别为顺式-α-佛手柑油烯(cis-α-bergamotene)(RI*1 415)和(ZE)-α-法尼烯(RI*1 496),而计算该峰的RI值为1 496,故判断该化合物为(ZE)-α-法尼烯。保留时间为19.52 min色谱峰,经检索分析,匹配度较高的两个化合物分别为植物醇(RI*2 122)和新植二烯(RI*1840),而该峰的RI计算值为1 842,故判断该化合物为新植二烯。
本研究在实验中发现,使用图3中挥发油提取器B比挥发油提取器A提取出的低沸点化合物种类更多,相对含量更高,推测可能因为提取器A中水蒸气和挥发油向上蒸馏的位置离提取器收集挥发油的管口距离更近,温度相对较高,导致沸点低的化合物可能因未冷凝完全而挥发。经与《中华人民共和国药典》(四部)通则“2204挥发油测定法”[16]比对,挥发油提取器B更符合药典规定。因此后续实验均统一采用提取器B进行。
不同方法提取的挥发油提取率在0.25%~0.33%,略低于王长岱等[10]论文中的结果(0.355%)。另外与水蒸气蒸馏法相比,盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法并未提高挥发油得率,推测可能是由于羊红膻挥发油中多为小极性成分,本身在水中的溶解度不大,而盐析作用主要通过减少挥发油在水中的溶解度,使得溶出的化合物更多,所以采用盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法虽然提取出的化合物种类更多,但由于多提取出来的成分相对含量基本都在0.5%以下,相对含量较低,所以挥发油提取率未明显增加。而酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法能破坏植物细胞壁,使挥发性成分更易溶出,所以相比于水蒸气蒸馏法,挥发油提取率提高了32%,化合物种类提高了19%。
3种方法提取的羊红膻挥发油成分种类数量多少顺序为盐析辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(45个)、酶解辅助水蒸气蒸馏法(43个)、水蒸气蒸馏法(36个),共鉴定出47个化合物,其中35个为共有化合物,β-红没药烯、石竹素、1-(3-甲基-2-丁烯氧基)-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、β-蒎烯等化合物相对含量较高。3种方法提取的挥发油主成分种类基本不变,主要包括萜类(萜烯、萜醚、萜醇、萜醛、萜酮)、芳香类和脂肪族类化合物,但各类化合物的相对含量有变化,与T1挥发油相比,T2挥发油萜烯、萜醛、脂肪族类化合物相对含量升高,其余化合物相对含量降低,T3挥发油萜烯、萜醚类化合物相对含量降低,其余化合物相对含量增高。
实验中研究挥发油时,由于药材来源、萃取溶剂、提取方法、辅助提取方式、仪器等因素均会导致提取的挥发油成分或提取率有差异[19-20]。Suleimen等[12]同时采用蒸馏萃取法和正己烷萃取分别提取了羊红膻地上部分和根部的挥发油,共鉴定出74个化合物,其中α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、正十一烷、青枝烯、(EE)-2,4-癸二烯醛、α-古巴烯、大根香叶烯D、(ZE)-α-法尼烯、β-红没药烯、日缬草素、石竹素、4(15),5,10(14)-大根香叶三烯-1-醇和2-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-(3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯基丁酸酯等14个化合物与本文鉴定化合物相同。在该文中,2-甲基-4-甲氧基-2-(3-甲基环氧乙烷基)苯基丁酸酯在羊红膻根中的相对含量高达29.5%,地上部分仅为0.4%,而本文所用样品为全草(带根),该化合物的相对含量为1.86%~4.19%,研究结果基本相符。另外,本文鉴定的化合物正十一烷、(E)-β-金合欢烯、β-红没药烯、石竹烯4个化合物与王长岱等[10]研究结果相符,但王长岱等[10]研究中羊红膻根中含量最高的化合物为2,4-二甲基-6-烯丙基苯酚,NIST数据库中未收载其质谱图,经与Pubchem数据库收载的质谱图仔细比对,并未在样品中鉴定到该化合物,是由于分析研究用样品来源不同,取材部位不同导致?还是其他原因还需进一步研究。
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    1.山西中医药大学 中药与食品工程学院,晋中 030619
    2.山西中医药大学 太行本草研究院,晋中 030619
    3.山西中医药大学 实验管理中心,晋中 030619
    4.山西大学 中医药现代研究中心,太原 030006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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