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Article(id=1239250709523255438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239250701583446236, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1711382400000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773389993314, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1714406400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773389993314, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773389993314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773389993314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239250701583446236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='553', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773389991422, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773390513217, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239252890213209050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239250701583446236, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239252890213209051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239250701583446236, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=610, endPage=619, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239250709967851672, articleId=1239250709523255438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on the specific component of Cassia auriculata L. leaves based on the technology of UPLC-Q TOF MS and the detection method of Cassia auriculata L. leaves adulterated in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves*, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To evaluate the chemical composition difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves by high-resolution mass spectrometry and omics analysis, so as to establish the detection method of Cassia auriculata L. leaves adulterated in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves.

Methods:

The positive and negative MSE data of 13 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and 9 batches of Cassia auriculata L. leaves were collected by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q TOF MS). The mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-1% acetic acid(B). The column temperature was 30 ℃. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1. Injection volume was 1 μL. The mass range was m/z 50-1 200. The chemical composition difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves were processed by the omics analysis QI software based on the orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA) after the negative MSE data were obtained. One out of seven specific components from Cassia auriculata L. leaves was separated and identified. A method with the specific component as the reference substance for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves was established by UPLC, and it was used in 27 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples and 3 batches of laboratory-made positive samples.

Results:

Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves were significantly different from each other. The specific component separated from Cassia auriculata L. leaves was identified as kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside. In the method for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves by UPLC, the precision(RSD=1.3%), repeatability(RSD=1.3%) and stability(RSD=0.58%) met the requirements. No kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside was detected in 23 out of 27 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples, but it was detected in 4 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples and 3 batches of positive samples made in the laboratory.

Conclusion:

In this study, the difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves is distinguished clearly based on the technology of UPLC-Q TOF MS and OPLS-DA. The specific component of Cassia auriculata L. leaves is separated and identified. A method for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves is established by UPLC, and it provides the basis for quality control and quality standard improvement of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves. The technology is helpful to solve the problem of adulteration identification of traditional Chinese medicine.

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目的：

采用高分辨质谱及组学分析技术分析狭叶番泻叶及耳叶番泻叶化学成分差异，并建立狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的快速检查方法。

方法：

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)，分别采集13批狭叶番泻叶和9批耳叶番泻叶的正谱和负谱MSE数据。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm)色谱柱，柱温30 ℃，以乙腈(A)-1%乙酸(B)为流动相，流速0.3 mL·min-1，进样体积1 μL；采集质量范围为m/z 50~1 200。运用组学分析软件QI对狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶负谱数据进行正交偏最小二乘法判别分析，筛选出7个耳叶番泻叶特征性成分，并对其中的1个主要特征性成分进行了分离鉴定。进一步以主要特征性成分为指标性成分建立了快速检查狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC方法，并应用于27批狭叶番泻叶样品及3批自制阳性样品的测定。

结果：

狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶的化学成分差异显著，经鉴定耳叶番泻叶中特有成分为kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside。在狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC检查方法中，该特有成分的精密度(RSD=1.3%)、重复性(RSD=1.3%)和稳定性(RSD=0.58%)均符合要求。27批狭叶番泻叶样品中23批未检出kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside；4批狭叶番泻叶样品及3批自制阳性样品中检出kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside。

结论：

本研究应用UPLC-Q TOF MS技术结合OPLS-DA分析方法成功将狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶进行了区分，分离并鉴定出耳叶番泻叶的主要特征性成分，并建立了快速筛查狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC方法，为狭叶番泻叶的质量控制及质量标准的完善提供了依据，为中药材掺伪鉴别研究提供了思路和方法。

, correspAuthors=郑新元, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel：(022)23513806；E-mail：
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Tel：(022)23513806；E-mail：

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Study on the quality evaluation of Fukangbao oral liquid based on the technology of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal，2021，41(6)：1100, articleTitle=Study on the quality evaluation of Fukangbao oral liquid based on the technology of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239250725205758837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=10, issue=12, pageStart=3041, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ASTITI MA, JITTMITTRAPHAP A, LEAUNGWUTIWONG P, journalName=Foods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ASTITI MA，JITTMITTRAPHAP A，LEAUNGWUTIWONG P，et al. LC-Q TOF-MS/MS based molecular networking approach for the isolation of α-glucosidase inhibitors and virucidal agents from Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt[J]. Foods，2021，10(12)：3041, articleTitle=LC-Q TOF-MS/MS based molecular networking approach for the isolation of α-glucosidase inhibitors and virucidal agents from Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239250721086952154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, awardId=NMPAJGKX-2023-078, language=CN, fundingSource=*中国药品监管科学行动计划第二批重点项目(NMPAJGKX-2023-078), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239250721196004063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, awardId=2020-W25, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市市场监督管理委员会课题(2020-W25), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239250721296667366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, awardId=RS2024Z006, language=CN, fundingSource=国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239250712211804430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239250712220193039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, companyId=1239250712211804430, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Tianjin Institute for Drug and Control, Tianjin 300070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239250712224387344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, companyId=1239250712211804430, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.天津市药品检验研究院，天津 300070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239250712316662042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239250712325050651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, companyId=1239250712316662042, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239250712329244956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, companyId=1239250712316662042, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.天津中医药大学中医药研究院，天津 301617)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239250718658450009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=BPI chromatograms of samples in positive mode, figureFileSmall=s9FfS5Z8XuaGek7+bag1RQ==, figureFileBig=tMwqNpmqurJzmVuTj9zO4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239250718767501919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样品正离子模式BPI图

A.狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)　B.耳叶番泻叶(Cassia auriculata L. leaves)

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A.狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)　B.耳叶番泻叶(Cassia auriculata L. leaves)

, figureFileSmall=cZzo+R6xcOZF5JoU3Kj6bw==, figureFileBig=wrhv6ymI5SGeejyRW2l8FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239250719228875379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scoreplot of OPLS-DA(negative mode), figureFileSmall=dznXEuBf2diUrXF/vOqvFw==, figureFileBig=laNZh7WJi0PqHBTWvLRb5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239250719316955770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=CN, label=图3, caption=OPLS-DA得分散点图(负离子模式)

F.狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)　E.耳叶番泻叶(Cassia auriculata L. leaves)

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F.狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)　E.耳叶番泻叶(Cassia auriculata L. leaves)

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A.对照品(reference substance)　B.耳叶番泻叶样品(sample of Cassia auriculata L. leaves)　C. 1号样品(sample 1)　D. 28号样品(sample 28)

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1. 30号样品(sample 30)　2. 29号样品(sample 29)　3. 28号样品(sample 28)　4. 4号样品(sample 4)　5. 9号样品(sample 9)　6. 13号样品(sample 13)　7. 25号样品(sample 25)

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1H-NMR、13C-NMR and HMBC data assignment of characteristic component 4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)		δ1H的异核多碳相关谱
（HMBC）
13C-NMR13C-NMR[15]1H-NMR*1H-NMR[15]*
黄酮类化合物(flavonoids)
2158.54159---
3134.68134.6---
4179.42179.3---
5163.21163.1---
699.8499.86.19 br s6.19 d (1.93)105.94(10)，94.83(8)
7165.75165.6---
894.8394.86.38 br s6.39 d (1.87)159.05(9)，105.94(10)，99.84(6)
9159.05158.4---
10105.94105.9---
1’123.22123.1---
2’132.31132.28.04 d (8.5)8.04 d (8.88)161.33(4’)，158.54(2)，132.31(6’)
3’116.19116.16.88 d (8.5)6.88 d (8.89)161.33(4’)，123.22(1’)，116.19(5’)
4’161.33161.3---
5’116.19116.16.88 d (8.5)6.88 d (8.89)161.33(4’)，123.22(1’)，116.19(3’)
6’132.31132.28.04 d (8.5)8.04 d (8.88)161.33(4’)，158.54(2)，132.31(2’)
葡萄糖(glucose)
1100.86100.85.43 d (7.5)5.43 d (7.50)134.68(3)，78.67(glc-5)，78.14(glc-3)
278.9378.93.59 m3.58 m110.65(apio-1)，100.86(glc-1)
378.1478.64.02 m3.52 d (9.10)-
471.9271.83.19 m3.22 d (9.18)78.67(glc-5)，78.14(glc-3)
578.67773.52 m3.30 m-
668.3968.33.30，3.78 m3.30 m，3.80 dd (9.78，5.08)-
鼠李糖(rhamnose)
1102.29102.34.45 s4.47 s72.32(rha-2)，72.15(rha-3)，69.77(rha-5)，68.39(glc-6)
272.3272.13.46 m3.58 m73.88(rha-4)
372.1572.23.56 m3.46 dd (9.45，3.36)73.88(rha-4)
473.8873.83.23 m3.26 d (5.69)72.15(rha-3)
569.7769.73.4 m3.39 m-
617.8917.81.07 d (6.1)1.07 d (6.21)69.77(rha-5)，73.88(rha-4)
芹糖(apiose)
1110.65110.65.45 br s5.46 d (7.64)80.99(apio-3)，78.93(glc-2)，75.64(apio-4)
277.1178.13.28 s4.04 s-
380.9980.7---
475.6475.63.69，4.04 m3.69 s，4.08 d (9.55)66.41(apio-5)
566.4166.33.74，3.64 m3.63 d(11.48)，3.75 d(13.63)80.99(apio-3)，77.11(apio-2)
), ArticleFig(id=1239250720659133126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4号特征成分的1H-NMR、13C-NMR和HMBC数据归属(CD3OD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)		δ1H的异核多碳相关谱
（HMBC）
13C-NMR13C-NMR[15]1H-NMR*1H-NMR[15]*
黄酮类化合物(flavonoids)
2158.54159---
3134.68134.6---
4179.42179.3---
5163.21163.1---
699.8499.86.19 br s6.19 d (1.93)105.94(10)，94.83(8)
7165.75165.6---
894.8394.86.38 br s6.39 d (1.87)159.05(9)，105.94(10)，99.84(6)
9159.05158.4---
10105.94105.9---
1’123.22123.1---
2’132.31132.28.04 d (8.5)8.04 d (8.88)161.33(4’)，158.54(2)，132.31(6’)
3’116.19116.16.88 d (8.5)6.88 d (8.89)161.33(4’)，123.22(1’)，116.19(5’)
4’161.33161.3---
5’116.19116.16.88 d (8.5)6.88 d (8.89)161.33(4’)，123.22(1’)，116.19(3’)
6’132.31132.28.04 d (8.5)8.04 d (8.88)161.33(4’)，158.54(2)，132.31(2’)
葡萄糖(glucose)
1100.86100.85.43 d (7.5)5.43 d (7.50)134.68(3)，78.67(glc-5)，78.14(glc-3)
278.9378.93.59 m3.58 m110.65(apio-1)，100.86(glc-1)
378.1478.64.02 m3.52 d (9.10)-
471.9271.83.19 m3.22 d (9.18)78.67(glc-5)，78.14(glc-3)
578.67773.52 m3.30 m-
668.3968.33.30，3.78 m3.30 m，3.80 dd (9.78，5.08)-
鼠李糖(rhamnose)
1102.29102.34.45 s4.47 s72.32(rha-2)，72.15(rha-3)，69.77(rha-5)，68.39(glc-6)
272.3272.13.46 m3.58 m73.88(rha-4)
372.1572.23.56 m3.46 dd (9.45，3.36)73.88(rha-4)
473.8873.83.23 m3.26 d (5.69)72.15(rha-3)
569.7769.73.4 m3.39 m-
617.8917.81.07 d (6.1)1.07 d (6.21)69.77(rha-5)，73.88(rha-4)
芹糖(apiose)
1110.65110.65.45 br s5.46 d (7.64)80.99(apio-3)，78.93(glc-2)，75.64(apio-4)
277.1178.13.28 s4.04 s-
380.9980.7---
475.6475.63.69，4.04 m3.69 s，4.08 d (9.55)66.41(apio-5)
566.4166.33.74，3.64 m3.63 d(11.48)，3.75 d(13.63)80.99(apio-3)，77.11(apio-2)
), ArticleFig(id=1239250720780767950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Concentration of KR in sample

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样品编号(sample No.)样品组成(sample composition)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1)
4狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.01
9狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)0.84
13狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.07
25狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.80
28狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9∶1)4.50
29狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9.5∶0.5)2.34
30狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9.8∶0.2)0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1239250720914985685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239250709523255438, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样品中KR的浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号(sample No.)样品组成(sample composition)浓度(concentration)/(μg·mL-1)
4狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.01
9狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)0.84
13狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.07
25狭叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves)1.80
28狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9∶1)4.50
29狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9.5∶0.5)2.34
30狭叶番泻叶-耳叶番泻叶(Cassia angustifolia Vahl-Cassia auriculata L. leaves)(9.8∶0.2)0.95
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基于UPLC-Q TOF MS的狭叶番泻叶伪品耳叶番泻叶的特征成分发现及掺伪鉴别研究*
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车爽 1 , 周军 1 , 杨文志 2 , 李晓航 2 , 赵晨 1 , 郑新元 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(4): 610-619
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(4): 610-619
基于UPLC-Q TOF MS的狭叶番泻叶伪品耳叶番泻叶的特征成分发现及掺伪鉴别研究*
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车爽1 , 周军1, 杨文志2, 李晓航2, 赵晨1, 郑新元1, **
作者信息
  • 1.天津市药品检验研究院，天津 300070
  • 2.天津中医药大学中医药研究院，天津 301617

    • Tel：(022)23513806；E-mail：

通讯作者:

** Tel：(022)23513806；E-mail：
Study on the specific component of Cassia auriculata L. leaves based on the technology of UPLC-Q TOF MS and the detection method of Cassia auriculata L. leaves adulterated in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves*
Shuang CHE1 , Jun ZHOU1, Wen-zhi YANG2, Xiao-hang LI2, Chen ZHAO1, Xin-yuan ZHENG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Tianjin Institute for Drug and Control, Tianjin 300070, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
出版时间: 2024-04-30 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08
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摘要
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目的：

采用高分辨质谱及组学分析技术分析狭叶番泻叶及耳叶番泻叶化学成分差异，并建立狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的快速检查方法。

方法：

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)，分别采集13批狭叶番泻叶和9批耳叶番泻叶的正谱和负谱MSE数据。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm)色谱柱，柱温30 ℃，以乙腈(A)-1%乙酸(B)为流动相，流速0.3 mL·min-1，进样体积1 μL；采集质量范围为m/z 50~1 200。运用组学分析软件QI对狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶负谱数据进行正交偏最小二乘法判别分析，筛选出7个耳叶番泻叶特征性成分，并对其中的1个主要特征性成分进行了分离鉴定。进一步以主要特征性成分为指标性成分建立了快速检查狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC方法，并应用于27批狭叶番泻叶样品及3批自制阳性样品的测定。

结果：

狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶的化学成分差异显著，经鉴定耳叶番泻叶中特有成分为kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside。在狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC检查方法中，该特有成分的精密度(RSD=1.3%)、重复性(RSD=1.3%)和稳定性(RSD=0.58%)均符合要求。27批狭叶番泻叶样品中23批未检出kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside；4批狭叶番泻叶样品及3批自制阳性样品中检出kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside。

结论：

本研究应用UPLC-Q TOF MS技术结合OPLS-DA分析方法成功将狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶进行了区分，分离并鉴定出耳叶番泻叶的主要特征性成分，并建立了快速筛查狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC方法，为狭叶番泻叶的质量控制及质量标准的完善提供了依据，为中药材掺伪鉴别研究提供了思路和方法。

狭叶番泻叶  /  耳叶番泻叶  /  山柰酚3-O-(2”-O-阿哌呋喃基)芸香苷  /  超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间串联质谱  /  正交偏最小二乘法判别分析  /  掺伪鉴别  /  质量评价  /  比较研究
Objective:

To evaluate the chemical composition difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves by high-resolution mass spectrometry and omics analysis, so as to establish the detection method of Cassia auriculata L. leaves adulterated in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves.

Methods:

The positive and negative MSE data of 13 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and 9 batches of Cassia auriculata L. leaves were collected by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q TOF MS). The mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)-1% acetic acid(B). The column temperature was 30 ℃. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1. Injection volume was 1 μL. The mass range was m/z 50-1 200. The chemical composition difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves were processed by the omics analysis QI software based on the orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA) after the negative MSE data were obtained. One out of seven specific components from Cassia auriculata L. leaves was separated and identified. A method with the specific component as the reference substance for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves was established by UPLC, and it was used in 27 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples and 3 batches of laboratory-made positive samples.

Results:

Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves were significantly different from each other. The specific component separated from Cassia auriculata L. leaves was identified as kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside. In the method for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves by UPLC, the precision(RSD=1.3%), repeatability(RSD=1.3%) and stability(RSD=0.58%) met the requirements. No kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside was detected in 23 out of 27 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples, but it was detected in 4 batches of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves samples and 3 batches of positive samples made in the laboratory.

Conclusion:

In this study, the difference of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves and Cassia auriculata L. leaves is distinguished clearly based on the technology of UPLC-Q TOF MS and OPLS-DA. The specific component of Cassia auriculata L. leaves is separated and identified. A method for the detection of adulterated Cassia auriculata L. leaves in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves is established by UPLC, and it provides the basis for quality control and quality standard improvement of Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves. The technology is helpful to solve the problem of adulteration identification of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves  /  Cassia auriculata L. leaves  /  kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside  /  UPLC-Q TOF MS  /  orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis  /  adulteration identification  /  quality valuation  /  comparative study
车爽, 周军, 杨文志, 李晓航, 赵晨, 郑新元. 基于UPLC-Q TOF MS的狭叶番泻叶伪品耳叶番泻叶的特征成分发现及掺伪鉴别研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (4) : 610 -619 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08
Shuang CHE, Jun ZHOU, Wen-zhi YANG, Xiao-hang LI, Chen ZHAO, Xin-yuan ZHENG. Study on the specific component of Cassia auriculata L. leaves based on the technology of UPLC-Q TOF MS and the detection method of Cassia auriculata L. leaves adulterated in Cassia angustifolia Vahl leaves*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (4) : 610 -619 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08
正文
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番泻叶，异名旃那叶、泻叶、泡竹叶，为豆科植物狭叶番泻Cassia angustifolia Vahl或尖叶番泻Cassia acutifolia Delile的干燥小叶；性甘、苦、寒，归大肠经；有泻热行滞、通便利水之功效，主治热结积滞、便秘腹痛、水肿胀满[1]。番泻叶属于外来药材[2]，狭叶番泻主产于红海以东至印度一带，现盛栽于印度南端丁内未利。尖叶番泻主产于埃及的尼罗河中上游地区，现今我国云南、海南、广西、广东等地有引进栽培[3]。番泻叶药理作用清晰明确，主要集中在泻下、抗菌、保护胃黏膜等方面[4-5]，因此在临床中多用来清洁肠道，治疗急性细菌性痢疾，胆囊炎和胆结石，以及腹部手术后恢复等[6]。随着临床的广泛应用，市场对番泻叶的需求逐渐加大。但是番泻叶药材主要来源于进口，由于地缘差异、文化差异以及缺少国际间通用的鉴别标准等诸多原因，导致番泻叶伪品流入我国市场，例如耳叶番泻叶、紫穗槐叶、罗布麻叶等[7]造成用药安全隐患。
耳叶番泻叶又名圆叶番泻叶，为豆科植物耳叶番泻Cassia auriculata L.的干燥叶，常掺杂于狭叶番泻叶中[8]，本单位在进口检验中发现部分批次狭叶番泻叶中掺有耳叶番泻叶，且掺入量较大。耳叶番泻叶在印度多用于治疗糖尿病、哮喘、风湿病、痢疾、皮肤病和代谢紊乱。主要化学成分包括生物碱、蒽醌、黄酮苷等，其临床应用与番泻叶存在较大差异，不宜混用[9]。现有文献报道，关于狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶的差异鉴别，主要从性状[7]、理化鉴别[10]、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别[11]等来进行。对于二者化学成分差异的研究甚少，有文献报道耳叶番泻叶中几乎不含有番泻苷A、B、C、D[12]，但对于耳叶番泻叶的特有成分未见报道。现有研究均较为落后，对于番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶现象只能从药材性状、理化鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别方面进行判断，检验结果的准确性易受检验者的经验等主观因素影响，缺少更加科学准确的的鉴别手段，制成制剂后更加难以将二者准确区分。近年来，超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS)技术及组学分析技术的联合应用越来越多地用于中药分析领域[13-14]，该方法可以得到大量的中药化学成分信息数据，并进行快速的统计分析，相对于传统数据处理方法更加简便、快捷、全面。本研究通过UPLC-Q-TOF MS技术及组学分析手段，对狭叶番泻叶及耳叶番泻叶化学成分进行研究，寻找到能准确区分二者的差异性成分kaempferol 3-O-(2”-O-apiofuranosyl) rutinoside(以下简称“KR”)，并以KR为对照，建立快速检查狭叶番泻叶掺伪耳叶番泻叶的方法。
1　高分辨质谱及组学分析技术
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1.1　仪器与试剂
1.1.1　仪器
Waters ACQUITY UPLC I-Class超高效液相色谱仪(Waters公司)；Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF高分辨质谱仪(Waters公司)，配备ESI离子源；SHIMADZAU LC-30AD UPLC超高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司)；Progenesis QI软件(Waters公司)；UNIFI软件(Waters公司)，MassLynxTM4.1质谱工作站软件(Waters公司)，Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm)(Agilent公司)；Milli-Q超纯水系统(Mill-pore公司)。
1.1.2　药物与试剂
乙腈、甲醇、冰乙酸均为色谱纯，水为超纯水。狭叶番泻叶样品为天津市药品检验研究院日常进口检验样品挑选杂质后的部分，经鉴定为豆科植物狭叶番泻的干燥小叶；耳叶番泻叶样品为从上述狭叶番泻叶样品中挑拣出，经鉴定为豆科植物耳叶番泻的干燥叶。1~13号样品为狭叶番泻叶样品，14~22号样品为耳叶番泻叶样品。
1.2　方法与结果
1.2.1　供试品溶液的制备
取本品，粉碎，取0.1 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇50 mL，称量，超声处理(功率250 W，频率40 kHz)30 min，再称量，用50%甲醇补足减失的量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
1.2.2　色谱-质谱条件
采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm)色谱柱，以乙腈(A)-1%乙酸(B)为流动相，梯度洗脱(0~8 min，95%B→87%B；8~20 min，87%B；20~40 min，87%B→80%B)，流速0.3 mL·min-1，柱温30 ℃，进样体积1 μL。采用电喷雾离子化ESI模式采集正谱和负谱MSE数据，采集质量范围为m/z 50~1 200，离子源温度为110 ℃，雾化气温度为450 ℃，脱溶剂气体流量为800 L·h-1，毛细管电压为3.0 kV(ESI+)和2.6 kV(ESI-)，锥孔电压为40 V，碰撞电压为20~45 V，校正物质为亮氨酸脑啡肽(LE，ESI+ 556.277 1/ESI- 554.261 5)。在上述色谱-质谱条件下，样品总离子流BPI图见图1、2。
1.2.3　数据分析与结果
取13批次狭叶番泻叶及9批次耳叶番泻叶的供试品溶液，按照“1.2.2”项下色谱-质谱条件进样分析，将得到的质谱数据导入组学分析软件Progenesis QI(EZinfo 3.2)，通过峰对齐、峰分组等处理对样本数据进行分析，因负离子模式所得信息可覆盖正离子模式，故采用负离子模式下狭叶番泻叶与耳叶番泻叶数据进行OPLS-DA，得到样本得分散点图(图3)及S-plot图(图4)。结果：①负离子模式OPLS-DA结果表明狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶的组内聚集度不高，分散明显，质量存在较大差异。②S-plot图(图4)展示了离散程度不同的化合物，图中离散程度越大代表该化合物在不同组别样品中含量的差异性越大，也是实验研究中更应关注的重点。本研究依据S-plot图分析筛选出初步差异成分，即耳叶番泻叶的特征成分。③QI进一步分析共筛选出耳叶番泻叶特有而狭叶番泻叶不含有的7个特征成分(质荷比分别为950.240 0、741.544 4、925.218 8、725.551 1、867.210 6、887.231 0、755.426 8)，编号为1~7。
1.3　耳叶番泻叶特征成分的专属性验证
采用SHIMADZU LC-30AD超高效液相色谱仪，按“1.2.2”项下UPLC条件对得到的结果进一步验证，检测波长270 nm，图5为13批狭叶番泻叶样品和1批耳叶番泻叶样品的UPLC图，结果表明来源于耳叶番泻叶中的4号特征成分在狭叶番泻叶中均未检出，且4号特征成分有较强紫外吸收，易于检测，利于后续掺伪检查方法的建立。因此，本研究对4号特征成分进行分离鉴定，并以此成分为对照，建立狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC检查方法。
2　4号特征成分的提取分离及鉴定
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采用高分辨质谱仪对4号特征成分进行鉴定，确定相对分子质量为726.1，分子式为C32H38O19，查阅数据库及文献未得到匹配数据。然后对该特征成分进行提取分离，将耳叶番泻叶甲醇提取液通过制备液相色谱仪进行分离[采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(250 mm×9.4 mm，5 μm)色谱柱，柱温25 ℃，以乙腈-1%乙酸(20∶80)为流动相，流速2.0 mL·min-1，检测波长270 nm，进样体积1 mL，收集10~11 min流出液]，得到了纯度>98%的单体化合物，经核磁共振分析(该单体化合物用氘代甲醇溶解后干燥，采用Bruker AVANCE Ⅲ-500 MHz核磁共振波谱仪进行测定)，得到其1H-NMR(500 MHz，CD3OD)、13C-NMR(125 MHz，CD3OD)和HMBC谱数据，见表1。
该化合物的1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据与文献报道[15]的已知化合物6的数据进行对比，基本一致，故鉴定此化合物为KR，该化合物首次在耳叶番泻叶中被发现，其结构图见图6。
3　狭叶番泻叶及自制阳性样品中KR的UPLC检查方法建立及结果分析
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3.1　样品来源
耳叶番泻叶样品为从狭叶番泻叶中挑选出。狭叶番泻叶样品均来自于日常进口检验样品，编号1~27（其中1号样品为耳叶番泻叶阴性样品，即该狭叶番泻叶为人工挑选出，不掺杂耳叶番泻叶；2~27为普通狭叶番泻叶样品，可能掺有耳叶番泻叶）。自制耳叶番泻叶阳性样品为取1号样品粉末与耳叶番泻叶粉末适量，制成不同比例(9∶1，9.5∶0.5，9.8∶0.2)的混合物，编号28~30。
3.2　对照品溶液的制备
取KR对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 mL含KR 0.055 mg的溶液，即得。
3.3　供试品溶液的制备
取“3.1”项下样品粉末0.5 g，按“1.2.1”项下方法制备供试品溶液。
3.4　色谱条件及系统适用性
采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm)色谱柱，柱温30 ℃，以乙腈-1%乙酸(12∶88)为流动相，流速0.3 mL·min-1，检测波长270 nm，进样体积1 μL。理论板数按KR峰计算应不低于5 000。对照品及典型样品色谱图见图7。由色谱图可见，KR在1号样品(阴性样品)中未检出，在28~30号样品(自制阳性样品)中可检出，该成分可作为狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶检查的目标成分。
3.5　检测限
将对照品溶液用甲醇逐级稀释，以信噪比为3∶1时的进样浓度为检测限(LOD)，结果该方法检测限为0.825 μg·mL-1。
3.6　方法学验证
3.6.1　精密度试验
取28号样品适量，按“3.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液，按“3.4”项下色谱条件连续进样分析6次，测得KR的峰面积，计算峰面积的RSD为1.3%，表明仪器精密度良好。
3.6.2　重复性试验
取28号样品适量，按“3.3”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液，按“3.4”项色谱条件分析。计算KR含量及其RSD。结果KR的含量(n＝6)为0.432 0 mg·g-1，RSD为1.3%，表明该方法重复性良好。
3.6.3　稳定性试验
取28号样品适量，按“3.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液，按“3.4”项色谱条件分别于溶液制备后0、4、8、12、18、24 h进样分析。结果KR峰面积的RSD为0.58%，表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
3.7　测定结果
取1~30号样品，分别按“3.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液，按“3.4”项下条件进样测定。结果23批狭叶番泻叶样品中未检出KR，4批狭叶番泻叶样品(4、9、13、25号)和3批自制阳性样品(28~30号)中检出KR，由外标法计算得该7批阳性样品的供试品溶液浓度见表2，浓度均高于检测限，其色谱图见图8。其中4、9、13号狭叶番泻叶样品与30号自制阳性样品数值接进，提示耳叶番泻叶掺入量接近2%；25号狭叶番泻叶样品与29号自制阳性样品数值接近，提示耳叶番泻叶掺入量接近5%。结果表明，当混入量>2%时，该方法可以快速准确地检测出狭叶番泻叶中是否掺有耳叶番泻叶，从而实现狭叶番泻叶掺伪耳叶番泻叶的快速鉴别。
4　结论
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本研究应用UPLC-Q TOF MS技术及组学分析方法对狭叶番泻叶和耳叶番泻叶的差异性成分进行分析，为了使化学成分有较好的峰形，在流动相中加入了1%的乙酸，采集时选择正离子和负离子模式进行扫描，因负离子模式所得信息可覆盖正离子模式，故采用负离子模式下狭叶番泻叶与耳叶番泻叶数据进行组学分析。结果发现了7个耳叶番泻叶特有而狭叶番泻叶不含有的特征成分，选择其中含量较高且有较好紫外吸收的4号特征成分作为目标化合物，通过提取分离得到了其单体化合物，进一步采用高分辨质谱及核磁手段确定该化合物为KR，其余特征成分的鉴定分析工作正在进行。该化合物是首次在耳叶番泻叶中被发现得到，为耳叶番泻叶的特征性成分。
本研究还以KR为对照，建立了狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶的UPLC检查方法。在实验中考察了不同提取溶剂(30%甲醇、50%甲醇、70%甲醇、甲醇)的提取效率，发现用50%的甲醇超声提取时，可将KR提取完全；比较了不同流动相系统(甲醇-水、乙腈-水)，发现乙腈-水系统洗脱能力较强，在此基础上为优化峰形，加入1%乙酸，并比较乙腈-1%乙酸以不同比例洗脱时KR的分离情况，发现使用乙腈-1%乙酸(12∶88)为流动相时KR峰形对称，与杂质峰分离较好；同时对检测波长(230、254、270、290 nm)进行了考察，发现KR在270 nm下色谱峰响应较高。该检查方法的建立为日常检查狭叶番泻叶中掺伪耳叶番泻叶提供了更加科学的依据。
采用UPLC-Q TOF MS结合组学分析技术寻找正品和伪品的差异化合物，进一步以差异化合物为目标成分建立掺伪鉴别方法，该方法具有准确性和高效性，可为中药材的质量评价研究提供新思路。
基金
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  • *中国药品监管科学行动计划第二批重点项目(NMPAJGKX-2023-078)
  • 天津市市场监督管理委员会课题(2020-W25)
  • 国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006)
文献
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2024-04-30
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  • 修回日期：2024-03-26
基金
*中国药品监管科学行动计划第二批重点项目(NMPAJGKX-2023-078)
天津市市场监督管理委员会课题(2020-W25)
国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006)
作者信息
    1.天津市药品检验研究院，天津 300070
    2.天津中医药大学中医药研究院，天津 301617

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** Tel：(022)23513806；E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.04.08
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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