Article(id=1239238142625116859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0431, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700582400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773386997133, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1722355200000, pubDateStr=2024-07-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773386997133, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773386997133, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773386997133, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239238136711139764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1105', pageEnd='1284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773386995723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387118529, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1113, endPage=1124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239238143736607499, articleId=1239238142625116859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Application of LC-MS in the analysis of therapeutic oligonucleotide drugs, columnId=1206272756614754650, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Review & Monography, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Therapeutic oligonucleotides (OGNs) drugs are artificially synthesized single or double stranded short nucleic acids, typically 15 to 30 base pairs in length. OGNs have been rapidly developed as new therapeutic drugs with increasing attention in the discovery and development of drugs concerning various disease fields. Compared with Europe and America, there are currently no other OGNs drugs listed in China, except for Spinraza, which has been approved for marketing as an orphan drug. The development of OGNs in China started relatively late and is still in its early stages of development. However, the OGNs drug market in China is anticipated to grow quickly due to the country’s large population, high patient demand, ongoing support for the development of oligonucleotide drugs in the future, and the steady maturation of related technologies by domestic businesses. Because of their special physicochemical characteristics, OGNs drugs are challenging to design biological analysis techniques. Currently, there are few reports on quantitative analysis methods for oligonucleotide drugs in China. Therefore, the development of sensitive and reliable bioanalysis methods for oligonucleotides is the key to investigate oligonucleotides’ pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) can quantify OGNs and their metabolites concurrently, compared with traditional ELISA approaches. Numerous benefits come with using LC-MS, in particular, the extensive use of high-resolution mass spectrometry allows for the identification of metabolites, which provides details on base composition and sequence structure, in addition to quantitative information about target oligonucleotides. It has now emerged as the go-to technique for OGN quantitative analysis. The application of LC-MS in the identification of therapeutic oligonucleotide medicines is the primary focus of this paper, which also discusses its benefits and drawbacks. Lastly, it looks at the LC-MS development trend for oligonucleotide detection, which includes a lower detection level and potential general methods.
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治疗性寡核苷酸(oligonucleotides,OGNs)药物是人工化学合成的短单链或双链核酸,长度通常为15~30个碱基对。OGNs作为一种新的治疗药物正在迅速发展,并在各种疾病领域的药物发现和开发中受到越来越多的关注。与欧美相比,除Spinraza (nusinersen)作为孤儿药在中国获批上市外,暂无其他OGNs药物在国内上市。国内OGNs药物开发起步较晚,仍然处于发展初期,但由于国内患者群体基数较大,需求较多,未来伴随OGNs药物开发的持续推进,以及国内企业相应技术的逐步成熟,我国OGNs药物市场有望迎来快速发展。OGNs药物由于其独特的理化性质,生物分析方法开发难度大,目前,国内关于OGNs药物定量分析方法的报道还很少。开发一种灵敏可靠的方法来表征生物样品中的OGNs是研究其药代动力学和药效学性质的关键。相对于传统的ELISA法,LC-MS法可以同时定量完整OGNs及其代谢物,特别是高分辨质谱的广泛应用不仅可以提供目标OGNs的定量信息,还可以对代谢物进行鉴定,提供碱基组成、序列结构等信息,目前已成为OGNs定量分析的首选方法。本文主要描述了LC-MS在治疗性OGNs药物检测中的应用,并阐述了其优点和局限性,最后探讨了LC-MS用于检测OGNs的发展趋势,即更低的检测水平和潜在的通用方法。
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1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China
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1.山东绿叶制药有限公司 先进药物递释系统全国重点实验室, 烟台264003
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730, bio={"content":"
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2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147725390803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730)])]), Author(id=1239238148111266793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239238148232901618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238148111266793, language=EN, stringName=Ni WU, firstName=Ni, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239238148329370615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238148111266793, language=CN, stringName=吴妮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239238147712807888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147717002195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147725390803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730)])]), Author(id=1239238148442616830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239238148564250629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238148442616830, language=EN, stringName=Wan-lin XI, firstName=Wan-lin, middleName=null, lastName=XI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239238148673302535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238148442616830, language=CN, stringName=席婉琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239238147712807888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147717002195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147725390803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730)])]), Author(id=1239238150195834892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239238150309081107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238150195834892, language=EN, stringName=Bao-qi ZHAI, firstName=Bao-qi, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239238150413938714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238150195834892, language=CN, stringName=翟宝祺, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.山东绿叶制药有限公司 先进药物递释系统全国重点实验室, 烟台264003)])]), Author(id=1239238150506213411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1239238150590099497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238150506213411, language=EN, stringName=Xiao LI, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yantai 264003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1239238150644625454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, authorId=1239238150506213411, language=CN, stringName=李皛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238147725390803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, companyId=1239238147712807888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医院临床药理学研究中心疑难重症和罕见病国家重点实验室 国家药品监督管理局药物临床研究与评价重点实验室 创新药物临床PK和PD研究北京重点实验室,北京 100730)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239238153043767477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Precursor-ion scan of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide PF-ODN(A) and product ion scan of the m/z 591 ([M-13H]13-) charge state precursor ion(B), figureFileSmall=hwC7LLL0+Xyig+KcJNNwiQ==, figureFileBig=Sx5ODgg3oo50h48UcF1d1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238153127653565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
PF-ODN前体离子扫描图(A)和多电荷前体离子[M-13H]13-(m/z 591)的子离子扫描图(B), figureFileSmall=hwC7LLL0+Xyig+KcJNNwiQ==, figureFileBig=Sx5ODgg3oo50h48UcF1d1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238154788597958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Full scan mass spectrum of mipomersen(A) and product ion scan mass spectrum of mipomersen(B), figureFileSmall=vQvpRmsZlHC1Lqqi2ppkSg==, figureFileBig=35kywFURr9YuhlGgE6QzpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238154922815691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
Mipomersen全扫描质谱图(A)和mipomersen子离子扫描质谱图(B), figureFileSmall=vQvpRmsZlHC1Lqqi2ppkSg==, figureFileBig=35kywFURr9YuhlGgE6QzpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238155061227726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
List of FDA- and EMA-approved OGNs drugs and reported bioanalytical methods (until April 2023)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 (ctegory) | 药物名称 (drug name) | 开发商 (developer) | 获批上市时间 (FDA/EMA approval year) | 核苷酸长度 (length)/nt | 生物分析方法 (bioanalysis method) |
|---|
| ASO | Fomivirsen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 1998 | 21 | CGE-UV |
| Mipomersen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 2013 | 20 | CGE-UV,ELISA,LC-MS |
| Eteplirsen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2016 | 30 | LC-FL,LC-UV*[7] |
| Nusinersen(诺西那生钠注射液) | Ionis Pharmaceuticals/Biogen | 2016 | 18 | ECL,ELISA |
| Defibrotide | Jazz Pharmaceuticals | 2016 | NA | LC-UV,LC-MS |
| Inotersen | Akcea Therapeutics and Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 2018 | 20 | ELISA |
| Volanesorsen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals/Akcea | 2019 | 20 | ELISA,LC-MS,LSC |
| QALSODY | Biogen MA Inc. | 2023 | 20 | ELISA*[8] |
| Golodirsen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2019 | 25 | LC-MS |
| Viltolarsen | NS Pharma | 2020 | 21 | LC-MS |
| Casimersen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2021 | 22 | LC-MS*[9] |
| siRNA | Patisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2018 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +21 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-fluorescence,LC-MS*,ELISA*[10] |
| Givosiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2019 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Inclisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals/Novartis | 2021 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Lumasiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2020 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Vutrisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2022 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| 适配子(aptamer) | Pegaptanib | OSI Pharmaceuticals | 2004 | 28 | LC-UV,ELISA |
), ArticleFig(id=1239238155140919506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
FDA/EMA批准上市治疗性OGNs药物所用生物分析方法列表(截至2023年4月)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 (ctegory) | 药物名称 (drug name) | 开发商 (developer) | 获批上市时间 (FDA/EMA approval year) | 核苷酸长度 (length)/nt | 生物分析方法 (bioanalysis method) |
|---|
| ASO | Fomivirsen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 1998 | 21 | CGE-UV |
| Mipomersen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 2013 | 20 | CGE-UV,ELISA,LC-MS |
| Eteplirsen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2016 | 30 | LC-FL,LC-UV*[7] |
| Nusinersen(诺西那生钠注射液) | Ionis Pharmaceuticals/Biogen | 2016 | 18 | ECL,ELISA |
| Defibrotide | Jazz Pharmaceuticals | 2016 | NA | LC-UV,LC-MS |
| Inotersen | Akcea Therapeutics and Ionis Pharmaceuticals | 2018 | 20 | ELISA |
| Volanesorsen | Ionis Pharmaceuticals/Akcea | 2019 | 20 | ELISA,LC-MS,LSC |
| QALSODY | Biogen MA Inc. | 2023 | 20 | ELISA*[8] |
| Golodirsen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2019 | 25 | LC-MS |
| Viltolarsen | NS Pharma | 2020 | 21 | LC-MS |
| Casimersen | Sarepta Therapeutics | 2021 | 22 | LC-MS*[9] |
| siRNA | Patisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2018 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +21 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-fluorescence,LC-MS*,ELISA*[10] |
| Givosiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2019 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Inclisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals/Novartis | 2021 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Lumasiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2020 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| Vutrisiran | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2022 | 21 (正义链,sense strand) +23 (反义链,antisense strand) | LC-HRMS |
| 适配子(aptamer) | Pegaptanib | OSI Pharmaceuticals | 2004 | 28 | LC-UV,ELISA |
), ArticleFig(id=1239238155245777109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Comparison of analytical methods for therapeutic OGNs
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分析方法(assay) | 优势(strength) | 局限性(limitation) |
|---|
| ELISA | 高灵敏度(high sensitivity) (100 pg·mL-1 LOQ) | 线性范围窄(通常为20~50倍)(narrow calibration range,usually 20-50 fold) |
| 无需样品前处理(组织样品除外) [no sample cleanup or extraction (except for tissues)] | 需要特定的捕获/检测探针,目标寡核苷酸通常需要足够长(通常>20 mer),以允许捕获探针和检测探针稳定地结合到分子的不同部分(needs specific capture/detection of probes,the target oligonucleotide usually needs to be long enough (usually >20 mer) to allow both the capture probe and the detection probe to bind stably to different parts of the molecule) |
| 高通量(high throughput) | 不能区分完整药物和截断的代谢物(does not differentiate between intact and truncated metabolites) |
| LC-MS | 高特异性(high specificity) | 灵敏度低于ELISA,LOQ通常为5~10 ng·mL-1(less sensitive compared with ELISA,LOQ usually 5-10 ng·mL-1) |
| 线性范围宽,可达3个数量级(wide calibration range,up to three orders of magnitude) | 样品前处理耗时,检测通量较低(sample preparation can be time consuming and have less throughput) |
| 可鉴定及定量代谢物(identification and quantification of truncated metabolites) | OGNs药物的亲水性使得在常规反相柱上提取和色谱保留非常困难(this hydrophilic property makes extracting and chromatographically retaining these molecules on conventional reversed-phase column extremely difficult) |
| LC-MS法更适合定量相对分子质量较小的OGNs(LC-MS is especially advantageous for quantifying relatively small OGNs therapeutics) | 灵敏度随OGNs药物长度的增加而降低(the sensitivity decreases when the size of an OGNs increases) |
), ArticleFig(id=1239238155371606237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
对比2种常用的治疗性OGNs生物分析方法
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 分析方法(assay) | 优势(strength) | 局限性(limitation) |
|---|
| ELISA | 高灵敏度(high sensitivity) (100 pg·mL-1 LOQ) | 线性范围窄(通常为20~50倍)(narrow calibration range,usually 20-50 fold) |
| 无需样品前处理(组织样品除外) [no sample cleanup or extraction (except for tissues)] | 需要特定的捕获/检测探针,目标寡核苷酸通常需要足够长(通常>20 mer),以允许捕获探针和检测探针稳定地结合到分子的不同部分(needs specific capture/detection of probes,the target oligonucleotide usually needs to be long enough (usually >20 mer) to allow both the capture probe and the detection probe to bind stably to different parts of the molecule) |
| 高通量(high throughput) | 不能区分完整药物和截断的代谢物(does not differentiate between intact and truncated metabolites) |
| LC-MS | 高特异性(high specificity) | 灵敏度低于ELISA,LOQ通常为5~10 ng·mL-1(less sensitive compared with ELISA,LOQ usually 5-10 ng·mL-1) |
| 线性范围宽,可达3个数量级(wide calibration range,up to three orders of magnitude) | 样品前处理耗时,检测通量较低(sample preparation can be time consuming and have less throughput) |
| 可鉴定及定量代谢物(identification and quantification of truncated metabolites) | OGNs药物的亲水性使得在常规反相柱上提取和色谱保留非常困难(this hydrophilic property makes extracting and chromatographically retaining these molecules on conventional reversed-phase column extremely difficult) |
| LC-MS法更适合定量相对分子质量较小的OGNs(LC-MS is especially advantageous for quantifying relatively small OGNs therapeutics) | 灵敏度随OGNs药物长度的增加而降低(the sensitivity decreases when the size of an OGNs increases) |
), ArticleFig(id=1239238155484852449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
LC-MS instrument and chromatographic separation conditions of HILIC-LC-MS method for quantitative analysis of OGNs drugs
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 (number) | 分析物 (analyte) | 生物基质 (matrix) | 样品制备 (sample preparation) | 流动相 (mobile phase) | 保留时间 (retention time)/min | 色谱柱 (LC column) | 液质联用系统 (LC-MS instrument) | LOQ |
|---|
| 1 | 18 mer OGNs (18 mer OGNs)[23] | 人血浆 (human plasma) | SPE | 含0.02%氢氧化铵的10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱(0.02% ammonium hydroxide in 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate and acetonitrile,gradient elution) | 3.75 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) | Waters超高效液相色谱,Sciex 6500+三重四极杆质谱(Waters Acquity UPLC system,Sciex 6500+ triple quadrupole) | 10 nmol·L-1 |
| 2 | 15~30 mer OGNs (15-30 mer OGNs)[24] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 初始流动相稀释(diluted using initial mobile phase ) | 超纯水(A)-乙腈(B)-100 mmol·L-1乙酸铵水溶液(C),pH 5.8,梯度洗脱[milli-Q H2O(A)-acetonitrile(B)-100 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(C),pH 5.8. gradient elution] | 0~15 | PEEK ZIC®-HILIC (100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm) | 安捷伦HP1050高效液相色谱,Waters Micromass® LCT Premier XE ESI-TOF质谱(Agilent HP1050 HPLC system,Waters ESI-TOF mass spectrometer (Micromass® LCT Premier XE)) | 2.5 pmol·L-1 |
| 3 | DNA,RNA OGNs (DNA and RNA OGNs)[25] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 使用流动相A稀释(diluted using mobile phase) | 流动相A由70%的乙腈与500 mmol·L-1乙酸铵或甲酸铵水溶液组成,流动相B由30%的乙腈与500 mmol·L-1乙酸铵或甲酸铵水溶液组成,梯度洗脱(mobile phase A was composed of 70% acetonitrile buffered with 500 mmol·L-1 aqueous ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,and mobile phase B was composed of 30% ACN buffered with aqueous ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,gradient elution) | 2~20 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide (150 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm,130 Å pore size) | Waters Acquity I-class超高效液相色谱,Thermo Q Exactive三重四极杆质谱(Waters Acquity I-class ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system,Thermo Q Exactive Hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer) | 2.0 pmol·L-1 |
| 4 | 硫代OGNs及其代谢物(PS-OGNs,OL1,OL8)[26] | 人血浆 (human plasma) | 苯酚-氯仿(1∶1) LLE [LLE using phenol-chloroform (1∶1)] | 乙腈-10~15 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液(pH=6.7) (56∶44),等度洗脱[acetonitrile/H2O containing 10-15 mmol·L-1 of ammonium formate(pH=6.7) (56∶44),isocratic elution] | 10 | TSK gel Amide-80 (150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm) | 安捷伦1100高效液相色谱-安捷伦6410三重四极杆质谱(Agilent 1100 HPLC-Agilent 6410 Triple Quad) | 142×10-9 |
| 5 | 3种17 mer ASO(three 17 mer ASO)[27] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 超纯水稀释(diluted using milli-Q water) | 流动相A:乙腈-水(80∶20)(含25 mmol·L-1乙酸铵),流动相B:乙腈-水(40∶60)(含25 mmol·L-1乙酸铵),梯度洗脱[mobile phases A and B contained 25 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (unadjusted pH) in acetonitrile-water (80∶20) (A) or acetonitrile- water (40∶60) (B),gradient elution] | 10 | Luna HILIC (150 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 μm,200 Å) | Thermo高效液相色谱及Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap质谱(Thermo Scientific LC-UV,Thermo Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer) | 不适用 (not applicable) |
| 6 | 22 mer RNA OGNs及其代谢物(22 mer RNA OGN and metabolites)[28] | 食蟹猴血浆 (cynomolgus plasma) | SPE | 含0.05%氨水的10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱(0.05% NH4OH in 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate and acetonitrile,gradient elution) | 4~5 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) | Waters超高效液相色谱,Sciex 6500+三重四极杆质谱,Sciex ZenoTOF 7600质谱(Waters Acquity UPLC,Sciex 6500+triple-quadrupole,Sciex ZenoTOF 7600) | 500 pmol·L-1 |
| 7 | DNA及RNA OGNs,硫代OGNs(DNA,RNA OGNs,PS-OGNs)[29] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 流动相A稀释 (diluted using mobile phase) | 流动相A:水-乙腈(70∶30) (含不同浓度乙酸铵或甲酸铵);流动相B:水-乙腈(30∶70) (含不同浓度乙酸铵或甲酸铵),梯度洗脱(mobile phase A consisted of 70∶30 H2O-acetonitrile with various concentrations of ammonium acetate or ammonium formate and mobile phase B consisted of 30∶70 H2O-acetonitrile with various concentrations of ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,gradient elution) | 2~30 | PEEK Shodex HILIC pak VN-50 column (150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm,100 Å pore size) | Thermo Ultimate 3000超高效液相色谱系统,Waters Synapt G2-S飞行时间质谱(Thermo Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system,Waters Synapt G2-S time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer) | 41-191 nmol·L-1 |
| 8 | 4种不同长度OGNs;21 mer,23 mer硫代OGNs(4 OGNs of various lengths;21 mer,23 mer PS-OGNs)[30-31] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 乙腈-甲醇 (75∶25)溶液稀释 [diluted with acetonitrile-methanol (75∶25)] | 5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵水溶液(A,pH 5.8)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate in water(A,pH 5.8)-acetonitrile(B),gradient elution) | 18.7~22.8 | Luna HILIC column (150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm),TSK gel Amide-80 column (150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm) | 安捷伦1200毛细管液相色谱,安捷伦7500cx 等离子体质谱;Thermo LTQ线性阱质谱(Agilent Technologies 1200 capillary HPLC system,Agilent 7500cx ICPMS;Thermo LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer) | 0.55 pmol·L-1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1239238155602292967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238142625116859, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
HILIC-LC-MS方法定量分析OGNs药物所用液质联用系统及色谱分离条件
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 (number) | 分析物 (analyte) | 生物基质 (matrix) | 样品制备 (sample preparation) | 流动相 (mobile phase) | 保留时间 (retention time)/min | 色谱柱 (LC column) | 液质联用系统 (LC-MS instrument) | LOQ |
|---|
| 1 | 18 mer OGNs (18 mer OGNs)[23] | 人血浆 (human plasma) | SPE | 含0.02%氢氧化铵的10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱(0.02% ammonium hydroxide in 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate and acetonitrile,gradient elution) | 3.75 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) | Waters超高效液相色谱,Sciex 6500+三重四极杆质谱(Waters Acquity UPLC system,Sciex 6500+ triple quadrupole) | 10 nmol·L-1 |
| 2 | 15~30 mer OGNs (15-30 mer OGNs)[24] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 初始流动相稀释(diluted using initial mobile phase ) | 超纯水(A)-乙腈(B)-100 mmol·L-1乙酸铵水溶液(C),pH 5.8,梯度洗脱[milli-Q H2O(A)-acetonitrile(B)-100 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(C),pH 5.8. gradient elution] | 0~15 | PEEK ZIC®-HILIC (100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm) | 安捷伦HP1050高效液相色谱,Waters Micromass® LCT Premier XE ESI-TOF质谱(Agilent HP1050 HPLC system,Waters ESI-TOF mass spectrometer (Micromass® LCT Premier XE)) | 2.5 pmol·L-1 |
| 3 | DNA,RNA OGNs (DNA and RNA OGNs)[25] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 使用流动相A稀释(diluted using mobile phase) | 流动相A由70%的乙腈与500 mmol·L-1乙酸铵或甲酸铵水溶液组成,流动相B由30%的乙腈与500 mmol·L-1乙酸铵或甲酸铵水溶液组成,梯度洗脱(mobile phase A was composed of 70% acetonitrile buffered with 500 mmol·L-1 aqueous ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,and mobile phase B was composed of 30% ACN buffered with aqueous ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,gradient elution) | 2~20 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide (150 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm,130 Å pore size) | Waters Acquity I-class超高效液相色谱,Thermo Q Exactive三重四极杆质谱(Waters Acquity I-class ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system,Thermo Q Exactive Hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer) | 2.0 pmol·L-1 |
| 4 | 硫代OGNs及其代谢物(PS-OGNs,OL1,OL8)[26] | 人血浆 (human plasma) | 苯酚-氯仿(1∶1) LLE [LLE using phenol-chloroform (1∶1)] | 乙腈-10~15 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液(pH=6.7) (56∶44),等度洗脱[acetonitrile/H2O containing 10-15 mmol·L-1 of ammonium formate(pH=6.7) (56∶44),isocratic elution] | 10 | TSK gel Amide-80 (150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm) | 安捷伦1100高效液相色谱-安捷伦6410三重四极杆质谱(Agilent 1100 HPLC-Agilent 6410 Triple Quad) | 142×10-9 |
| 5 | 3种17 mer ASO(three 17 mer ASO)[27] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 超纯水稀释(diluted using milli-Q water) | 流动相A:乙腈-水(80∶20)(含25 mmol·L-1乙酸铵),流动相B:乙腈-水(40∶60)(含25 mmol·L-1乙酸铵),梯度洗脱[mobile phases A and B contained 25 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (unadjusted pH) in acetonitrile-water (80∶20) (A) or acetonitrile- water (40∶60) (B),gradient elution] | 10 | Luna HILIC (150 mm×2.1 mm,3.0 μm,200 Å) | Thermo高效液相色谱及Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap质谱(Thermo Scientific LC-UV,Thermo Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer) | 不适用 (not applicable) |
| 6 | 22 mer RNA OGNs及其代谢物(22 mer RNA OGN and metabolites)[28] | 食蟹猴血浆 (cynomolgus plasma) | SPE | 含0.05%氨水的10 mmol·L-1甲酸铵水溶液和乙腈,梯度洗脱(0.05% NH4OH in 10 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate and acetonitrile,gradient elution) | 4~5 | Waters Acquity UPLC BEH Amide(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm) | Waters超高效液相色谱,Sciex 6500+三重四极杆质谱,Sciex ZenoTOF 7600质谱(Waters Acquity UPLC,Sciex 6500+triple-quadrupole,Sciex ZenoTOF 7600) | 500 pmol·L-1 |
| 7 | DNA及RNA OGNs,硫代OGNs(DNA,RNA OGNs,PS-OGNs)[29] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 流动相A稀释 (diluted using mobile phase) | 流动相A:水-乙腈(70∶30) (含不同浓度乙酸铵或甲酸铵);流动相B:水-乙腈(30∶70) (含不同浓度乙酸铵或甲酸铵),梯度洗脱(mobile phase A consisted of 70∶30 H2O-acetonitrile with various concentrations of ammonium acetate or ammonium formate and mobile phase B consisted of 30∶70 H2O-acetonitrile with various concentrations of ammonium acetate or ammonium formate,gradient elution) | 2~30 | PEEK Shodex HILIC pak VN-50 column (150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm,100 Å pore size) | Thermo Ultimate 3000超高效液相色谱系统,Waters Synapt G2-S飞行时间质谱(Thermo Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system,Waters Synapt G2-S time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer) | 41-191 nmol·L-1 |
| 8 | 4种不同长度OGNs;21 mer,23 mer硫代OGNs(4 OGNs of various lengths;21 mer,23 mer PS-OGNs)[30-31] | 不适用 (not applicable) | 乙腈-甲醇 (75∶25)溶液稀释 [diluted with acetonitrile-methanol (75∶25)] | 5 mmol·L-1乙酸铵水溶液(A,pH 5.8)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate in water(A,pH 5.8)-acetonitrile(B),gradient elution) | 18.7~22.8 | Luna HILIC column (150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm),TSK gel Amide-80 column (150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm) | 安捷伦1200毛细管液相色谱,安捷伦7500cx 等离子体质谱;Thermo LTQ线性阱质谱(Agilent Technologies 1200 capillary HPLC system,Agilent 7500cx ICPMS;Thermo LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer) | 0.55 pmol·L-1 |
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