Article(id=1239238141345845788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0482, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1706284800000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773386996827, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1722355200000, pubDateStr=2024-07-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773386996827, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773386996827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773386996827, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239238136711139764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1105', pageEnd='1284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773386995723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387118529, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1267, endPage=1275, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239238141568143917, articleId=1239238141345845788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Molecular DNA identification of adulteration in processed Chinese herbal medicine containing whole scorpions, columnId=1239173809106899293, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Quality Contro, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish an effective method for detecting the components of Lychas mucronatus and investigating instances of adulteration with whole scorpions in Chinese patent medicines.

Methods:

Thirty Chinese patent medicines containing whole scorpion components, as documented in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, were collected. DNA was extracted, and differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) gene sequences were compared. Specific primers for the identification of Mesobuthus martensii and Lychas mucronatus DNA were designed. Annealing temperature, cycle number, Taq polymerase, and DNA concentration were optimized to establish the most suitable PCR identification system and conditions. The optimal PCR conditions for distinguishing the sharp-tailed wolf scorpion were finally determined to be an annealing temperature of 52 ℃, 36 cycles, 2×PCR Mix Taq enzyme, and 1 μL of DNA template. The developed method was applied to identify the presence of Centruroides gracilis components in 30 commercially available Chinese patent medicines.

Results:

Gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of authentic DNA bands specific to the Mesobuthus martensii in all 30 whole scorpion-containing Chinese patent medicines. Eighteen medicines (60%) showed a single specific DNA band between 100-250 bp, indicative of Lychas mucronatus, while the blank control exhibited no bands. Sequencing of the PCR products containing the identified Lychas mucronatus -specific bands, after TA cloning, revealed sequences with high similarity (92%-98%) to the reference sequences of Lychas mucronatus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the obtained sequences belonged to the same lineage as Lychas mucronatus and were distinct from the Mesobuthus martensii. Therefore, the presence of a single band around 120 bp indicates the identification of Lychas mucronatus.

Conclusion:

The presence of Lychas mucronatus components mixed with authentic scorpion materials in Chinese patent medicines indicates a need for strengthened supervision. The method established in this study enables the rapid and accurate detection of Lychas mucronatus components in Chinese patent medicines. This is beneficial for improving the quality control of whole scorpion-containing Chinese patent medicines, providing assurance for their clinical applications.

, correspAuthors=Chun-xue YOU, Chao JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bao-li DUAN, Chun-xue YOU, Chao JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239238143539466926, articleId=1239238141345845788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=中成药中全蝎掺伪DNA分子鉴定*, columnId=1239148842025799861, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=质量分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立有效检出中成药中细尖狼蝎成分的方法,检测获得中成药中全蝎掺伪情况。

方法:

收集《中华人民共和国药典》收载的30种含全蝎成分的中成药,提取DNA,比对线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列差异,分别设计全蝎源性和细尖狼蝎源性特异性鉴别引物并对退火温度、循环次数、Taq酶以及DNA浓度进行优化,最终确定细尖狼蝎最适PCR鉴别条件包括退火温度52 ℃,循环数为36,Taq酶为2×PCR Mix,DNA模板为1 μL,通过建立的中成药中细尖狼蝎成分检出方法对市售30种中成药中全蝎投料情况进行鉴定。

结果:

经凝胶电泳检测,30个全蝎成分中成药均检出正品东亚钳蝎特有DNA条带,18种中成药(60%)在100~250 bp可见单一细尖狼蝎特异性DNA条带,空白对照无条带。对检出细尖狼蝎特异性条带的PCR产物进行TA克隆后测序,序列均与细尖狼蝎参考序列具有很高的相似性(92%~98%),系统发育结果表明获得的序列均与细尖狼蝎为同一支系而与东亚钳蝎不同,因此在120 bp左右出现单一条带可鉴定为细尖狼蝎。

结论:

中成药中全蝎投料存在以细尖狼蝎掺伪全蝎投料的现象,需要加强监管。本研究建立的方法可以快速准确检出中成药中细尖狼蝎成分,有利于完善全蝎中成药的质量控制方法,为其临床应用提供保障。

, correspAuthors=尤春雪, 蒋超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** 尤春雪 Tel:17302270087;E-mail:
蒋超 Tel:15201185624;E-mail:
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Tel:15822942460;E-mail:

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A new method based on PCR-RFLP for identification of root of Liriope spicata[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal202343(11): 1974, articleTitle=A new method based on PCR-RFLP for identification of root of Liriope spicata, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239238156491477178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=1547, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=KUMAR S, STECHER G, LI M, journalName=Mol Biol Evol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMAR SSTECHER GLI M, et al. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms[J]. 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M.DL2000 Marker P.全蝎对照药材(Scorpion control medicinal herbs) 1.小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills) 2.小儿至宝丸(Xiaoer Zhibao pills) 3.小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder) 4.止痛化癥片(Zhitong Huazheng tablets) 5.止痛化癥胶囊(Zhitong Huazheng capsules) 6.中风回春丸(Zhongfeng Huichun pills) 7.中风回春片(Zhongfeng Huichun tablets) 8.牛黄千金散(Niuhuang Qianjin powder) 9.牛黄镇惊丸(Niuhuang Zhenjing pills) 10.复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment) 11.再造丸(Zaizao pills) 12.脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills) 13.脉络舒通颗粒(Mailuo Shutong granules) 14.活血壮筋丸(Huoxue Zhuangjin pills) 15.培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules) 16.脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules) 17.通痹片(Tongbi tablets);18.通痹胶囊(Tongbi capsules) 19.医痫丸(Yixian pills) 20.麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules) 21.麝香抗栓丸(Shexiang Kangshuan pills) 22.风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets) 23.复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets) 24.清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills) 25.腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules) 26.中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills) 27.八宝惊风散(Babao Jingfeng powder) 28.醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia) 29.醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi) 30.人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills) N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=uTZ0CkBktzm8uE7SI7mGZg==, figureFileBig=/rDUBgb1bK08fVdpu7R5zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238148560049096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Identification results of Lychas mucronatus components in proprietary Chinese medicine, figureFileSmall=hu3KJdojq7aOu6w6oNeJeg==, figureFileBig=5qnUIpqYzejN3qSZ+c5PIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238148673295313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中成药中细尖狼蝎成分鉴别的结果

M.DL2000 Marker P.全蝎对照药材(Scorpion control medicinal herbs) 1.细尖狼蝎药材(Lychas mucronatus medicine) 2.小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills) 3.小儿至宝丸(Xiaoer Zhibao pills) 4.小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder) 5.止痛化癥片(Zhitong Huazheng tablets) 6.止痛化癥胶囊(Zhitong Huazheng capsules) 7.中风回春丸(Zhongfeng Huichun pills) 8.中风回春片(Zhongfeng Huichun tablets) 9.牛黄千金散(Niuhuang Qianjin powder) 10.牛黄镇惊丸(Niuhuang Zhenjing pills) 11.复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment) 12.再造丸(Zaizao pills) 13.脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills) 14.脉络舒通颗粒(Mailuo Shutong granules) 15.活血壮筋丸(Huoxue Zhuangjin pills) 16.培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules) 17.脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules) 18.通痹片(Tongbi tablets) 19.通痹胶囊(Tongbi capsules) 20.医痫丸(Yixian pills) 21.麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules) 22.麝香抗栓丸(Shexiang Kangshuan pills) 23.风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets) 24.复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets) 25.清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills) 26.腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules) 27.中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills) 28.八宝惊风散(Babao Jingfeng powder) 29.醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia) 30.醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi) 31.人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills) N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=hu3KJdojq7aOu6w6oNeJeg==, figureFileBig=5qnUIpqYzejN3qSZ+c5PIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150208410582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Results of TA clonal plaque of Lychas mucronatus component in proprietary Chinese medicine, figureFileSmall=a1Gp4hWKj4bR2aKeBoCspw==, figureFileBig=IKBKR+0VK7sK6snSVrPbWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150317462495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中成药中细尖狼蝎成分TA克隆菌斑结果

A.细尖狼蝎DNA克隆后菌斑图谱(plaque map after DNA cloning of Lychas mucronatus) B-M.DL2000 Marker 1~4.小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills) N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=a1Gp4hWKj4bR2aKeBoCspw==, figureFileBig=IKBKR+0VK7sK6snSVrPbWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150413931492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Phylogenetic tree for cloning and sequencing of PCR amplification products of proprietary Chinese medicines containing whole scorpion components, figureFileSmall=f8Ntr6bZuyyk3KuY0zhKJA==, figureFileBig=jASI6QasWs3GWZTH48dR8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150497817577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图5, caption=含全蝎成分中成药PCR扩增产物克隆测序的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=f8Ntr6bZuyyk3KuY0zhKJA==, figureFileBig=jASI6QasWs3GWZTH48dR8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150661395440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of annealing temperature on the identification results of Lychas mucronatus components in proprietary Chinese medicine, figureFileSmall=CoL2NxlXKmeYAgMmyOeL8w==, figureFileBig=7x6d2MXgNj0zPJgpOg1SaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150762058743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图6, caption=退火温度对中成药中细尖狼蝎成分鉴别结果的影响

M.DL2000 marker P.全蝎对照药材(Scorpion control medicinal herbs) 1.细尖狼蝎药材(Lychas mucronatus medicine) 2.小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills) 3.复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment) 4.腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules) 5.醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia) N.空白(blank)

, figureFileSmall=CoL2NxlXKmeYAgMmyOeL8w==, figureFileBig=7x6d2MXgNj0zPJgpOg1SaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150850139131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of cycle number on the identification results of Lychas mucronatus components in proprietary Chinese medicines, figureFileSmall=RvukW8Af9x+geJRZNvRzgA==, figureFileBig=fsdgLa7NljtwW+vR5potFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238150934025218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图7, caption=循环数对中成药中细尖狼蝎成分鉴别结果的影响

M、P、1~5、N.同图6(same as Fig.6)

, figureFileSmall=RvukW8Af9x+geJRZNvRzgA==, figureFileBig=fsdgLa7NljtwW+vR5potFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238151038881796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of different enzymes on the identification results of Lychas mucronatus components in proprietary Chinese medicines, figureFileSmall=jVHAw1LFxWJ57UVKvi6fQA==, figureFileBig=YWp2vB6zlewAFSFQgw9WlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238151168905228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同酶对中成药中细尖狼蝎成分鉴别结果的影响

M、P、1~5、N.同图6(same as Fig.6)

, figureFileSmall=jVHAw1LFxWJ57UVKvi6fQA==, figureFileBig=YWp2vB6zlewAFSFQgw9WlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238151252791314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of DNA concentration on the identification results of Lychas mucronatus components in proprietary Chinese medicines, figureFileSmall=YoLIYGc3HIQ3MIwEx4jlTw==, figureFileBig=clpCmu/u3n0WuCmyGAw5QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238151353454615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=图9, caption=DNA浓度对中成药中细尖狼蝎成分鉴别结果的影响

M、P、1~5、N.同图6(same as Fig.6)

, figureFileSmall=YoLIYGc3HIQ3MIwEx4jlTw==, figureFileBig=clpCmu/u3n0WuCmyGAw5QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238151458312220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Contains scorpion proprietary Chinese medicine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
样品编号
(sample No.)
样品名称
(sample information)
全蝎成分比例
(proportion of scorpion composition)/%
123022701小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills)18.87
223022702小儿至宝丸(Xiaoer Zhibao pills)3.62
323022703小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder)25.29
423022704止痛化癥片(Zhitong Huazheng tablets)5.02
523022705止痛化癥胶囊(Zhitong Huazheng capsules)5.02
623022706中风回春丸(Zhongfeng Huichun pills)1.11
723022707中风回春片(Zhongfeng Huichun tablets)1.11
823022708牛黄千金散(Niuhuang Qianjin powder)12.99
923022709牛黄镇惊丸(Niuhuang Zhenjing pills)12.93
1023022710复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment)10.64
1123022711再造丸(Zaizao pills)18.12
1223022713脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills)2.41
1323022714脉络舒通颗粒(Mailuo Shutong granules)2.42
1423022715活血壮筋丸(Huoxue Zhuangjin pills)4.94
1523022716培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules)2.88
1623022717脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules)3.24
1723022718通痹片(Tongbi tablets)1.42
1823022719通痹胶囊(Tongbi capsules)1.42
1923022720医痫丸(Yixian pills)2.46
2023022722麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules)3.27
2123022723麝香抗栓丸(Shexiang Kangshuan pills)0.96
2223022724风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets)6.86
2323022725复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets)0.39
2423022726清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills)1.14
2523022727腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules)6.8
2623022728中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills)0.56
2723022729八宝惊风散(Babao Jingfeng powder)2.03
2823022730醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia)0.63
2923022731醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi)0.63
3023022732人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills)1.95
), ArticleFig(id=1239238151546392610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

含全蝎中成药

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
样品编号
(sample No.)
样品名称
(sample information)
全蝎成分比例
(proportion of scorpion composition)/%
123022701小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills)18.87
223022702小儿至宝丸(Xiaoer Zhibao pills)3.62
323022703小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder)25.29
423022704止痛化癥片(Zhitong Huazheng tablets)5.02
523022705止痛化癥胶囊(Zhitong Huazheng capsules)5.02
623022706中风回春丸(Zhongfeng Huichun pills)1.11
723022707中风回春片(Zhongfeng Huichun tablets)1.11
823022708牛黄千金散(Niuhuang Qianjin powder)12.99
923022709牛黄镇惊丸(Niuhuang Zhenjing pills)12.93
1023022710复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment)10.64
1123022711再造丸(Zaizao pills)18.12
1223022713脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills)2.41
1323022714脉络舒通颗粒(Mailuo Shutong granules)2.42
1423022715活血壮筋丸(Huoxue Zhuangjin pills)4.94
1523022716培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules)2.88
1623022717脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules)3.24
1723022718通痹片(Tongbi tablets)1.42
1823022719通痹胶囊(Tongbi capsules)1.42
1923022720医痫丸(Yixian pills)2.46
2023022722麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules)3.27
2123022723麝香抗栓丸(Shexiang Kangshuan pills)0.96
2223022724风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets)6.86
2323022725复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets)0.39
2423022726清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills)1.14
2523022727腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules)6.8
2623022728中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills)0.56
2723022729八宝惊风散(Babao Jingfeng powder)2.03
2823022730醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia)0.63
2923022731醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi)0.63
3023022732人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills)1.95
), ArticleFig(id=1239238151642861606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of sequencing results after detection and transformation of competent components of Lychas mucronatus in proprietary Chinese medicines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
样品编号
(sample No.)
样品名称
(sample information)
数量
(quantity)
GenBank同源性
(GenBank homology)
1230227X细尖狼蝎药材(Lychas mucronatus medicine)593.02%、92.31%、92.25%、93.02%、93.03%
223022701小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills)196.90%
323022703小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder)193.03%
423022710复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment)193.02%
523022711再造丸(Zaizao pills)193.02%
623022713脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills)193.02%
723022716培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules)197.67%
823022717脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules)493.02%、97.67%、93.02%、93.02%
923022718通痹片(Tongbi tablets)198.41%
1023022720医痫丸(Yixian pills)396.90%、97.67%、97.67%
1123022722麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules)293.02%、93.02%
1223022724风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets)393.02%、93.02%、93.02%
1323022725复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets)193.02%
1423022726清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills)197.67%
1523022727腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules)297.67%、91.47%
1623022728中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills)593.02%、96.85%、97.67%、97.67%、97.67%
1723022730醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia)193.02%
1823022731醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi)393.02%、97.67%、97.67%
1923022732人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills)293.02%、93.02%
), ArticleFig(id=1239238151718359081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238141345845788, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中成药中细尖狼蝎成分检测转化感受态后测序结果比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
(No.)
样品编号
(sample No.)
样品名称
(sample information)
数量
(quantity)
GenBank同源性
(GenBank homology)
1230227X细尖狼蝎药材(Lychas mucronatus medicine)593.02%、92.31%、92.25%、93.02%、93.03%
223022701小儿七珍丸(Xiaoer Qizhen pills)196.90%
323022703小儿惊风七里散(Xiaoer Jingfeng Qili powder)193.03%
423022710复方牵正膏(Fufang Qianzheng ointment)193.02%
523022711再造丸(Zaizao pills)193.02%
623022713脉络舒通丸(Mailuo Shutong pills)193.02%
723022716培元通脑胶囊(Peiyuan Tongnao capsules)197.67%
823022717脑心通胶囊(Naoxintong capsules)493.02%、97.67%、93.02%、93.02%
923022718通痹片(Tongbi tablets)198.41%
1023022720医痫丸(Yixian pills)396.90%、97.67%、97.67%
1123022722麝香风湿胶囊(Shexiang Fengshi capsules)293.02%、93.02%
1223022724风湿马钱片(Fengshi Maqian tablets)393.02%、93.02%、93.02%
1323022725复方夏天无片(Fufang Xiatianwu tablets)193.02%
1423022726清眩治瘫丸(Qingxuan Zhitan pills)197.67%
1523022727腰痛宁胶囊(Yaotongning capsules)297.67%、91.47%
1623022728中风再造丸(Zhongfeng Zaizao pills)593.02%、96.85%、97.67%、97.67%、97.67%
1723022730醒脑再造胶囊-甲(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Jia)193.02%
1823022731醒脑再造胶囊-乙(Xingnao Zaizao capsules-Yi)393.02%、97.67%、97.67%
1923022732人参再造丸(Renshen Zaizao pills)293.02%、93.02%
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中成药中全蝎掺伪DNA分子鉴定*
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段宝丽 1, 2 , 尤春雪 2, ** , 蒋超 1, **
药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024,44(7): 1267-1275
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药物分析杂志 | 质量分析 2024, 44(7): 1267-1275
中成药中全蝎掺伪DNA分子鉴定*
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段宝丽1, 2 , 尤春雪2, ** , 蒋超1, **
作者信息
  • 1.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室 中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京 100700
  • 2.天津农学院 动物科学与动物医学学院 天津市农业动物繁育与健康养殖重点实验室,天津 300392
  • Tel:15822942460;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** 尤春雪 Tel:17302270087;E-mail:
蒋超 Tel:15201185624;E-mail:
Molecular DNA identification of adulteration in processed Chinese herbal medicine containing whole scorpions
Bao-li DUAN1, 2 , Chun-xue YOU2, ** , Chao JIANG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
  • 2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
出版时间: 2024-07-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0482
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目的:

建立有效检出中成药中细尖狼蝎成分的方法,检测获得中成药中全蝎掺伪情况。

方法:

收集《中华人民共和国药典》收载的30种含全蝎成分的中成药,提取DNA,比对线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列差异,分别设计全蝎源性和细尖狼蝎源性特异性鉴别引物并对退火温度、循环次数、Taq酶以及DNA浓度进行优化,最终确定细尖狼蝎最适PCR鉴别条件包括退火温度52 ℃,循环数为36,Taq酶为2×PCR Mix,DNA模板为1 μL,通过建立的中成药中细尖狼蝎成分检出方法对市售30种中成药中全蝎投料情况进行鉴定。

结果:

经凝胶电泳检测,30个全蝎成分中成药均检出正品东亚钳蝎特有DNA条带,18种中成药(60%)在100~250 bp可见单一细尖狼蝎特异性DNA条带,空白对照无条带。对检出细尖狼蝎特异性条带的PCR产物进行TA克隆后测序,序列均与细尖狼蝎参考序列具有很高的相似性(92%~98%),系统发育结果表明获得的序列均与细尖狼蝎为同一支系而与东亚钳蝎不同,因此在120 bp左右出现单一条带可鉴定为细尖狼蝎。

结论:

中成药中全蝎投料存在以细尖狼蝎掺伪全蝎投料的现象,需要加强监管。本研究建立的方法可以快速准确检出中成药中细尖狼蝎成分,有利于完善全蝎中成药的质量控制方法,为其临床应用提供保障。

中成药  /  全蝎  /  东亚钳蝎  /  细尖狼蝎  /  聚合酶链式反应  /  分子鉴定  /  TA克隆  /  系统发育树
Objective:

To establish an effective method for detecting the components of Lychas mucronatus and investigating instances of adulteration with whole scorpions in Chinese patent medicines.

Methods:

Thirty Chinese patent medicines containing whole scorpion components, as documented in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, were collected. DNA was extracted, and differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) gene sequences were compared. Specific primers for the identification of Mesobuthus martensii and Lychas mucronatus DNA were designed. Annealing temperature, cycle number, Taq polymerase, and DNA concentration were optimized to establish the most suitable PCR identification system and conditions. The optimal PCR conditions for distinguishing the sharp-tailed wolf scorpion were finally determined to be an annealing temperature of 52 ℃, 36 cycles, 2×PCR Mix Taq enzyme, and 1 μL of DNA template. The developed method was applied to identify the presence of Centruroides gracilis components in 30 commercially available Chinese patent medicines.

Results:

Gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of authentic DNA bands specific to the Mesobuthus martensii in all 30 whole scorpion-containing Chinese patent medicines. Eighteen medicines (60%) showed a single specific DNA band between 100-250 bp, indicative of Lychas mucronatus, while the blank control exhibited no bands. Sequencing of the PCR products containing the identified Lychas mucronatus -specific bands, after TA cloning, revealed sequences with high similarity (92%-98%) to the reference sequences of Lychas mucronatus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the obtained sequences belonged to the same lineage as Lychas mucronatus and were distinct from the Mesobuthus martensii. Therefore, the presence of a single band around 120 bp indicates the identification of Lychas mucronatus.

Conclusion:

The presence of Lychas mucronatus components mixed with authentic scorpion materials in Chinese patent medicines indicates a need for strengthened supervision. The method established in this study enables the rapid and accurate detection of Lychas mucronatus components in Chinese patent medicines. This is beneficial for improving the quality control of whole scorpion-containing Chinese patent medicines, providing assurance for their clinical applications.

Chinese patent medicine  /  Buthus martensii  /  Mesobuthus. martensii  /  Lychas mucronatus  /  polymerase chain reaction  /  molecular identification  /  TA clone  /  phylogenetic tree
段宝丽, 尤春雪, 蒋超. 中成药中全蝎掺伪DNA分子鉴定*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (7) : 1267 -1275 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0482
Bao-li DUAN, Chun-xue YOU, Chao JIANG. Molecular DNA identification of adulteration in processed Chinese herbal medicine containing whole scorpions[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (7) : 1267 -1275 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0482
中成药已失去绝大多数性状和显微鉴别特征,其投料基原的鉴定一直是中药鉴定的难点问题,尤其是含动物药材中成药的鉴定更是中药鉴定的瓶颈问题。全蝎是中成药中常用药味,基原为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎(Buthus martensii Karsch)的干燥体,具有息风镇痉、通络解毒、攻毒散结的功效[1]。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)收载了35个含有全蝎药材的中成药处方。全蝎为有毒药材,主要毒性成分为毒囊蛋白[2],其毒囊尺寸、蛋白含量及Na+/K+毒素肽等均优于其他蝎类[3]。细尖狼蝎(Lychas mucronatus Fabricius)为钳蝎科狼蝎属物种,是东南亚地区钳蝎科的优势种,已通过合法或不合法手段流入我国药材市场[4]。市场调查结果表明,超过30%的全蝎药材中存在混伪情况,混伪品均为细尖狼蝎[5]。全蝎药材或饮片形态相对完整,易与混伪品区分,尤其是全蝎尾节只有1个毒齿,而细尖狼蝎具有明显的亚毒齿结构[6];但对于已失去形态和显微鉴别特征的全蝎中成药,目前仍缺乏有效的真伪鉴别手段。目前全蝎中成药是否存在混伪风险不明,混伪比例不清。
DNA分子鉴定技术凭借其稳定准确、不受外观形态影响的特点,已逐步用于中药材、配方颗粒及中成药投料基原鉴定[7-15]。为全面调研中成药中全蝎混伪情况,本研究收集了30个含全蝎成分中成药,并建立有效DNA分子鉴别方法。发现30个全蝎成分中成药均检出正品东亚钳蝎特有DNA条带,但其中18种中成药(60%)检出细尖狼蝎成分,表明目前中成药中全蝎存在较大混伪风险,需要加强监管。
全蝎对照药材(中国食品药品检定研究院,批号121044-201104),细尖狼蝎药材经中国中医科学院蒋超副研究员鉴定(购自河南许昌,编号2207001W)。中成药购自不同药店,样品保存于天津农学院(表1)。
S1000TM型PCR仪(BIO RAD公司);ChemiDOCXRS+型凝胶成像仪(BIO RAD公司);AX224ZH/E型电子天平,感量0.000 1 g(奥豪斯仪器有限公司);ZSBB-712型恒温水槽(二海智城分析仪器制造有限公司);Blue pard®电热恒温培养箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司);新华牌LMQ.C型立式灭菌器(山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司);蛋白电泳转印系统(BIO RAD公司);JY-SPGT型电泳槽(北京君意东方电泳设备有限公司)。
Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System(Promega生物公司,批号A2361),2×T5 super Mix(擎科生物技术有限公司,批号TSE005),2×MightyAmp Taq(Takara公司,批号R071A),2×M5 PCR Mix(北京聚合美生物技术有限公司,批号MF164),2×I5HifiTaq Mix(MClab公司,批号I5HM-100),Trans 2K DNA Marker(北京全式金生物技术有限公司,批号BM101),pTOPO-T连接试剂盒(北京聚合美生物技术有限公司,批号MF019),大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞(北京聚合美生物技术有限公司,批号MF038)。
取市售中成药样品丸剂0.1 g,散剂、片剂和胶囊粉末0.05 g,膏药1 cm2(除去盖衬,剪碎),用于DNA提取。使用Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System试剂盒,依据说明书步骤进行操作,模板DNA溶液置-20 ℃冰箱中保存备用。
比对全蝎、细尖狼蝎及其伪品CO Ⅰ序列,寻找细尖狼蝎差异位点,为保证设计出的引物能适用于细尖狼蝎原动物、药材及中成药,调整使预期扩增产物片段大小不超过200 bp,差异SNP位点位于上游或下游引物3′末端。最终设计细尖狼蝎特异性PCR鉴别引物XJ.F 5′-TCTGTTGATTTAACTATTTTCAG-3′,XJ.R 5′-AATAAAGGAACTCGCTCCAT-3′,预期PCR产物长度约120 bp,见图1。全蝎特异性PCR鉴别引物:QX.F 5′-GGAGATTGGAATACCTGGAG-3′和QX.F 5′-GGAGCCACCACCATCAAC-3′,预期PCR产物长度约150 bp,引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。
使用细尖狼蝎鉴别引物XJ.F/R对全蝎对照药材、细尖狼蝎药材及中成药DNA进行如下考察,①退火温度:50、52、54、56 ℃;②PCR循环数:34、36、38、40个循环;③Taq种类:2×T5 super Mix,2×MightyAmp Taq,2×M5 PCR Mix和I5 Hifi Taq;④DNA模板量:3、10、30、90 ng对PCR鉴别结果稳定性的影响。筛选出最适鉴别条件,对中成药中细尖狼蝎进行位点特异性PCR鉴别。将PCR反应扩增得到的细尖狼蝎特异性DNA片段的产物与载体连接,连接产物转入DH5α感受态细胞中,进行克隆转化。使用全蝎对照药材、细尖狼蝎药材及上述中成药DNA进行扩增,初始PCR反应体系25 μL(包含2×M5 PCR Mix 12.5 μL,全蝎特异性引物QX.F/R各0.25 μL,DNA模板1 μL,双蒸灭菌水11 μL)。PCR初始反应参数:95 ℃预变性5 min,循环反应38次(95 ℃变性30 s,54 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s),72 ℃延伸5 min。PCR反应结束后,取反应产物10 μL点样于CelRed核酸染料染色的1.5%琼脂糖凝胶上,190 V电压条件下电泳25 min,置BIO RAD凝胶成像系统观测。
室温下建立10 μL体系(纯化后的PCR产物4 μL、pTOPO-TA 1 μL、10x Enhancer 1 μL、灭菌水补齐),室温连接10 min,转化到事先解冻的感受态细胞100 μL中,加入连接液5 μL轻轻混匀,室温放置10 min,加LB培养基(不含抗生素)800 μL,37 ℃ 180 r·min-1振荡培养30 min;为得到较多克隆,3 000 r·min-1离心1 min,吸弃掉部分上清,保留100 μL,轻弹悬浮菌体,取全部菌液涂板(含氨苄青霉素100 μg·mL-1),过夜培养。
挑取氨苄阳性平皿中单一菌落使用通用引物M13F/M13R(M13.F 5′-GTAAAACGACGGCCAG-3′,M13.R 5′-CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC-3′)进行菌粒PCR,菌粒PCR反应体系包括2×M5 PCR Mix 12.5 μL,通用引物M13F/M13R(10 μmol·μL-1)各0.25 μL,单一菌粒1个,无菌双蒸水补齐。PCR反应参数:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 30 s,52 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s;72 ℃ 5 min;4 ℃保存。PCR产物进行电泳检测,转化成功的PCR产物,送北京华大基因进行一代测序。
登录美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center of Biotechnology Information,NCBI)网站Genbank数据库中下载的蝎的序列(钳蝎科Buthidae:东亚钳蝎,登录号为MN729555.1、JF700146.1、JF700145.1;细尖狼蝎,登录号为JN018211.1、JN018210.1、JN018153.1;半蝎科Hemiscorpiidae:澳链尾蝎Liocheles australasiae,登录号为MF983622.1、JN018157.1)和之前收集蝎样本COⅠ序列(钳蝎科:东亚钳蝎,样品编号为2207007、2207008、2022SDHZ01、2022HB01;条斑钳蝎Mesobuthus eupeus,样品编号为2022TB001~3、2022TB005、2022TB007;博乐正钳蝎Mesoduthus bolensis,样品编号为2022XJCJ01。豚蝎科Chaerilidae:迪邦豚蝎Chaerilus dibangvalleycus,样品编号为20210706108~111、20210706130、20210708143。真蝎科Euscorpiidae:库氏真蝎Euscorpiops kubani作为外类群,样品编号为20220715001)与中成药中细尖狼蝎一代测序Blast比对成功的结果,使用MEGA-X[16]软件,构建NJ系统发育树。
对中成药中全蝎成分进行鉴定,结果30种中成药均能扩增出与全蝎对照药材一致的特异性鉴别条带,阴性对照无条带,见图2
使用本方法对30种中成药进行鉴定,以检测含有细尖狼蝎成分的中成药,结果经PCR凝胶电泳发现,有18个样本与细尖狼蝎药材在相应的位置上均可扩增出单一特异性鉴别条带,空白对照无条带,见图3
经克隆转化后进行菌粒PCR见图4-A,PCR扩增后进行电泳,克隆成功会在260 bp处出现单一明亮条带,见图4-B。将测序结果与GenBank中的细尖狼蝎完整基因组序列(NC_072215.1)匹配结果均在92%以上,具体结果见表2。证明克隆得到的片段是目的片段。
NJ系统发育树支持(BS=87)中成药TA克隆获得的序列与细尖狼蝎为同一种,但物种之间可能存在个体差异,如图5,此外系统发育树圈图显示细尖狼蝎与全蝎药材均聚类在同一大枝进一步证实同为钳蝎科物种,且与其他物种均不在同一分支,由此可以证明中成药中细尖狼蝎伪品真实存在。
使用细尖狼蝎特异性鉴别引物进行PCR扩增,分别设置退火温度50、52、54、56 ℃,结果表明在50~52 ℃时,小儿七珍丸、复方牵正膏、腰痛宁胶囊及醒脑再造胶囊-甲在100~250 bp可见单一细尖狼蝎特异性DNA条带,全蝎对照药材及阴性对照在此温度内均未扩增出条带,54~56 ℃时退火温度过高,样本扩增较弱,见图6。选择PCR退火温度为52 ℃。
分别选用34、36、38、40个循环进行考察,结果表明在34个和36个循环时小儿七珍丸、复方牵正膏、腰痛宁胶囊及醒脑再造胶囊-甲均在100~250 bp可见单一细尖狼蝎特异性DNA条带,38个循环中2、3和5泳道条带有点模糊,40个循环中2和5泳道有点模糊,但均符合正确鉴别结果,全蝎对照药材和阴性对照在此范围内均未扩增,见图7。为确保结果的稳定性和准确性,选择36个循环进行PCR反应。
使用2×T5 super Mix、2×M5 PCR Mix、2×I5 HifiTaq Mix和2×MightyAmp Taq进行试验,结果表明,由于不同公司酶活力不同导致其扩增条带的亮度有明显差异,在2×T5 super Mix和2×MightyAmp Taq中扩增效果不佳,没有获得扩增样品;在2×I5 HifiTap Mix中部分样品扩增条带较暗;其中2×M5 PCR Mix Trp扩增条带较好,见图8,因此选择2×M5 PCR Mix Taq酶作为鉴别全蝎配方颗粒PCR酶。
对25 μL PCR反应体系中的模板DNA用量进行了考察,分别设置3、10、30、90 μg·μL-1的DNA模板(DNA量分别为3、10、30、90 ng),结果表明3~90 μg·μL-1均能扩增,浓度越高反而抑制了条带的扩增,见图9。选择25 μL体系中加入1 μL(30 μg·μL-1)作为最优模板浓度。
根据以上结果,确定细尖狼蝎PCR鉴别的条件反应体系包括2×PCR Mix 12.5 μL,全蝎配方颗粒鉴别引物(10 μmol·μL-1)各0.25 μL,DNA模板1 μL,无菌双蒸水11 μL。PCR反应参数:95 ℃预变性5 min,循环反应36次(95 ℃变性30 s,52 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s),72 ℃延伸5 min。
30种中成药中含全蝎比例在25.29%~0.39%,其中含量在10%以上有6个,含量在10%~5%有4个,含量在5%~1%有15个,含量在1%以下有5个。其中18个中成药检出含有细尖狼蝎成分,4个含量在10%以上,占比为66.7%。2个含量在10%~5%,占比为50%。8个含量在5%~1%,占比为53.3%。4个在1%以下,占比为80%。结果表明,细尖狼蝎是中成药中全蝎主要混伪品,细尖狼蝎属于钳蝎科物种,与东亚钳蝎形态极为相似。全蝎药材在运输过程中难免会受到挤压破坏形态影响鉴别,且中成药属于大批量生产药品,其生产链长,体系复杂,原药材需求量大,全蝎原药材伪品情况严重,采购过程中难免会出现误采的情况,影响中成药的质量。
本文通过全蝎、细尖狼蝎和其他物蝎种差异位点设计扩增片段<200 bp的特异性鉴别引物,成功在100~250 bp扩增出单一DNA条带,可用于中成药中细尖狼蝎成分的鉴别。并且对影响PCR方法的循环次数、退火温度、Taq酶种类、DNA模板浓度等相关影响因素进行了考察,依据最佳鉴别条件对中成药进行检测,对检出细尖狼蝎特异性条带的PCR产物进行TA克隆后测序,序列均与细尖狼蝎参考序列有很强的相似性(92%~98%),系统发育树结果显示获得的序列均与细尖狼蝎为同一支系而与东亚钳蝎不同,建立了一种适用于中成药中细尖狼蝎成分的鉴别方法。结果显示,30个全蝎成分中成药均检出正品东亚钳蝎特有DNA条带,18种中成药(60%),在100~250 bp可见单一细尖狼蝎特异性DNA条带。该方法可以有效地鉴别出细尖狼蝎成分,达到鉴别的效果,为含有全蝎成分中成药质量控制提供一种安全便捷的方法。
  • * 国家自然科学基金项目(83073972)
  • 中国中医科学院中药资源中心自主选题研究项目(ZZXT202212)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0482
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-07-31
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  • 修回日期:2024-01-27
基金
* 国家自然科学基金项目(83073972)
中国中医科学院中药资源中心自主选题研究项目(ZZXT202212)
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    1.道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室 中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京 100700
    2.天津农学院 动物科学与动物医学学院 天津市农业动物繁育与健康养殖重点实验室,天津 300392

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** 尤春雪 Tel:17302270087;E-mail:
蒋超 Tel:15201185624;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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