Article(id=1239238139596829318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0789, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702051200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773386996411, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1722355200000, pubDateStr=2024-07-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773386996411, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773386996411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773386996411, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239238136711139764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1105', pageEnd='1284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773386995723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387118529, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239238651851370910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239238136711139764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1154, endPage=1160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239238141287133843, articleId=1239238139596829318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Optimization of HPLC with cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus by molecular design and response surface method, columnId=1239148838318043851, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish high-performance liquid chromatography method using cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus, providing a basis for quality control of Corni Fructus.

Methods:

Molecular design and response surface method were used to optimize the determination method of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus. Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted as the stationary phase, the mobile phase was 3 mmol·L-1 γ-cyclodextrin solution (contained 0.05% phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (60∶40), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detecting wavelength was 210 nm.

Results:

The resolution of chromatographic peaks of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was 3.81. Linearities were good in the range of 400-4 000 ng for ursolic acid and in the range of 200-2 000 ng for oleanolic acid. The RSDs for precision, reproducibility, and stability were less than 1.4%, 1.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. The recovery rates were 98.5% (RSD=1.7%) and 99.1% (RSD=2.0%). The contents of ursolic acid in three batches of Corni Fructus were 2.66 mg·g-1, 2.35 mg·g-1 and 2.91 mg·g-1, and those of oleanolic acid were 0.83 mg·g-1, 0.78 mg·g-1and 1.12 mg·g-1, respectively.

Conclusion:

This method is simple, accurate, reliable, and environmental friendly, and can be used as a quality control for Corni Fructus.

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目的:

建立以环糊精为流动相添加剂的高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸中熊果酸和齐墩果酸,为山茱萸的质量控制提供依据。

方法:

运用分子设计和效应面法优化山茱萸中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量测定的方法,采用安捷伦Eclipse XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-3 mmol·L-1 γ-环糊精溶液(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长210 nm。

结果:

熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度为3.81,熊果酸进样量在400~4 000 ng,齐墩果酸进样量在200~2 000 ng范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7和0.999 9),精密度RSD≤1.4%,重现性RSD≤1.8%,稳定性RSD≤1.7%,回收率分别为98.5%(RSD=1.7%)和99.1%(RSD=2.0%),3批山茱萸药材中熊果酸含量分别为2.66、2.35和2.91 mg·g-1,齐墩果酸含量分别为0.83、0.78和1.12 mg·g-1

结论:

该方法简便,准确可靠,且经济环保,可作为山茱萸的质量控制方法。

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Tel:(029)88219391;E-mail:

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J Sep Sci201235(24):3469, articleTitle=Analysis and retention behavior of isoflavone glycosides and aglycones in Radix Astragali by HPLC with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239238150434910235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, awardId=2019SF-277, language=CN, fundingSource=* 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019SF-277), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239238143069713114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238143115850464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, companyId=1239238143069713114, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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1.熊果酸(ursolic acid) 2.齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid)

, figureFileSmall=hng3I3z/PhSf/t6Wpr48SQ==, figureFileBig=kvnxmazKWSgN5NJDLfpnFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238148320982005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The factors and levels of Box-Behnken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素
(factor)
水平(level)
-101
A/(mmol·L-1)123
B/%556065
C/%0.050.100.15
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Box-Behnken试验设计因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素
(factor)
水平(level)
-101
A/(mmol·L-1)123
B/%556065
C/%0.050.100.15
), ArticleFig(id=1239238148560056322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Box-Behnken experimental design and results

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试验号(number)ABC分离度(R)
1-1-102.12
21-104.21
3-1101.55
41102.92
5-10-11.52
610-13.73
7-1011.72
81013.63
90-1-13.67
1001-12.94
110-113.49
120112.52
130003.10
140003.07
150003.12
160003.13
170003.08
), ArticleFig(id=1239238148669108231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号(number)ABC分离度(R)
1-1-102.12
21-104.21
3-1101.55
41102.92
5-10-11.52
610-13.73
7-1011.72
81013.63
90-1-13.67
1001-12.94
110-113.49
120112.52
130003.10
140003.07
150003.12
160003.13
170003.08
), ArticleFig(id=1239238150195834891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of variance

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来源(source)自由度(df)平方和(sum of squares,SS)均方(mean square,MS)FP
模型(model)99.831.0962.93<0.000 1
A17.187.18413.78<0.000 1
B11.581.5891.27<0.000 1
C10.031 30.031 31.800.221 6
AB10.129 60.129 67.470.029 2
AC10.022 50.022 51.300.292 4
BC10.014 40.014 40.829 60.392 7
A210.862 10.862 149.670.000 2
B210.011 60.011 60.668 60.440 5
C210.000 00.000 00.001 50.970 0
残差(residual)70.121 50.017 4
失拟性(lack of fit)30.118 90.039 660.970.000 9
纯误性(pure error)40.002 60.000 7
总离性(total)169.95
), ArticleFig(id=1239238150304886805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239238139596829318, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源(source)自由度(df)平方和(sum of squares,SS)均方(mean square,MS)FP
模型(model)99.831.0962.93<0.000 1
A17.187.18413.78<0.000 1
B11.581.5891.27<0.000 1
C10.031 30.031 31.800.221 6
AB10.129 60.129 67.470.029 2
AC10.022 50.022 51.300.292 4
BC10.014 40.014 40.829 60.392 7
A210.862 10.862 149.670.000 2
B210.011 60.011 60.668 60.440 5
C210.000 00.000 00.001 50.970 0
残差(residual)70.121 50.017 4
失拟性(lack of fit)30.118 90.039 660.970.000 9
纯误性(pure error)40.002 60.000 7
总离性(total)169.95
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分子设计和效应面法优化环糊精流动相添加法测定山茱萸中的熊果酸和齐墩果酸*
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杨若朦 1 , 田军 1 , 李蕴哲 2
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(7): 1154-1160
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(7): 1154-1160
分子设计和效应面法优化环糊精流动相添加法测定山茱萸中的熊果酸和齐墩果酸*
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杨若朦1 , 田军1, 李蕴哲2
作者信息
  • 1.西安文理学院,西安 710065
  • 2.西安交通大学,西安 710061
  • Tel:(029)88219391;E-mail:

Optimization of HPLC with cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus by molecular design and response surface method
Ruo-meng YANG1 , Jun TIAN1, Yun-zhe LI2
Affiliations
  • 1. Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • 2.Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
出版时间: 2024-07-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0789
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目的:

建立以环糊精为流动相添加剂的高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸中熊果酸和齐墩果酸,为山茱萸的质量控制提供依据。

方法:

运用分子设计和效应面法优化山茱萸中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量测定的方法,采用安捷伦Eclipse XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-3 mmol·L-1 γ-环糊精溶液(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长210 nm。

结果:

熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度为3.81,熊果酸进样量在400~4 000 ng,齐墩果酸进样量在200~2 000 ng范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7和0.999 9),精密度RSD≤1.4%,重现性RSD≤1.8%,稳定性RSD≤1.7%,回收率分别为98.5%(RSD=1.7%)和99.1%(RSD=2.0%),3批山茱萸药材中熊果酸含量分别为2.66、2.35和2.91 mg·g-1,齐墩果酸含量分别为0.83、0.78和1.12 mg·g-1

结论:

该方法简便,准确可靠,且经济环保,可作为山茱萸的质量控制方法。

环糊精  /  流动相添加法  /  分子设计  /  效应面法  /  熊果酸  /  齐墩果酸  /  山茱萸
Objective:

To establish high-performance liquid chromatography method using cyclodextrin as a mobile phase additive for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus, providing a basis for quality control of Corni Fructus.

Methods:

Molecular design and response surface method were used to optimize the determination method of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus. Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was adopted as the stationary phase, the mobile phase was 3 mmol·L-1 γ-cyclodextrin solution (contained 0.05% phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile (60∶40), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detecting wavelength was 210 nm.

Results:

The resolution of chromatographic peaks of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was 3.81. Linearities were good in the range of 400-4 000 ng for ursolic acid and in the range of 200-2 000 ng for oleanolic acid. The RSDs for precision, reproducibility, and stability were less than 1.4%, 1.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. The recovery rates were 98.5% (RSD=1.7%) and 99.1% (RSD=2.0%). The contents of ursolic acid in three batches of Corni Fructus were 2.66 mg·g-1, 2.35 mg·g-1 and 2.91 mg·g-1, and those of oleanolic acid were 0.83 mg·g-1, 0.78 mg·g-1and 1.12 mg·g-1, respectively.

Conclusion:

This method is simple, accurate, reliable, and environmental friendly, and can be used as a quality control for Corni Fructus.

cyclodextrin  /  mobile phase addition method  /  molecular design  /  effect surface methodology  /  ursolic acid  /  oleanolic acid  /  Corni Fructus
杨若朦, 田军, 李蕴哲. 分子设计和效应面法优化环糊精流动相添加法测定山茱萸中的熊果酸和齐墩果酸*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (7) : 1154 -1160 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0789
Ruo-meng YANG, Jun TIAN, Yun-zhe LI. Optimization of HPLC with cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive for the determination of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Corni Fructus by molecular design and response surface method[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (7) : 1154 -1160 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0789
山茱萸为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉,是传统的中药材,在我国应用历史悠久。中医认为山茱萸具有补益肝肾、收涩固脱的功效,用于眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸痛、阳痿遗精、遗尿尿频、崩漏带下、大汗虚脱和内热消渴。现代药理学研究表明,山茱萸具有提高免疫、抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖、保肝作用等生物活性[1-4]。山茱萸的化学成分非常复杂,主要有环烯醚萜苷、三萜酸、多糖、多酚、维生素等[5-6]。其中三萜酸化合物有熊果酸和齐墩果酸,《中华人民共和国药典》自2005年版以来一直以熊果酸作为质量标记物来鉴别山茱萸。熊果酸和齐墩果酸为同分异构体,二者在常用的高效液相色谱固定相上的保留相似,分离比较困难[7-8]
环糊精(cyclodextrin)是直链淀粉在由芽孢杆菌产生的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶作用下生成的一系列环状低聚糖,具有“外亲水,内疏水”的筒状结构,作为高效液相色谱流动相添加剂,可与分析物分子产生包合作用,降低分析物的保留,改善同分异构体的分离[9],甚至用于手性对映体的拆分[10-11]。环糊精流动相添加高效液相色谱法的分离效果受环糊精的种类、环糊精的用量、有机相的比例等因素影响[12-13]。本研究拟采用分子设计方法代替试验操作,优选流动相添加剂环糊精的种类;采用效应面法分析流动相中环糊精用量、有机相比例等因素对熊果酸和齐墩果酸分离的影响;以此为基础,建立环糊精流动相添加HPLC法测定山茱萸中的熊果酸和齐墩果酸,为山茱萸质量控制提供新方法。该方法使用Autodock 4.2进行分子设计模拟分析物与环糊精的包和作用,不仅能从理论上解释流动相中环糊精的作用,同时还具有高效、经济和绿色环保的特点。
LC-10A高效液相色谱仪(岛津公司),包括LC-10Avp泵,SPD-10Avp检测器,LC solution色谱工作站;AB135-S十万分之一电子分析天平(梅特勒-托利多公司)。
对照品熊果酸(批号110742-201823,供含量测定用)、齐墩果酸(批号110709-202109,供含量测定用)购自中国食品药品检定研究院,γ-CD购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,乙腈、甲醇为色谱纯(TEDIA公司),水为三蒸水(实验室自制),其他试剂均为分析纯(西安化学试剂厂)。山茱萸药材(批号230607、230701、230702)购自西安市中药店,经西安交通大学牛晓峰教授鉴定为山茱萸科植物山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉,符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定。
采用安捷伦Eclipse XDB C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-3 mmol·L-1 γ-环糊精溶液(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25 ℃,检测波长210 nm,进样量10 μL。
取熊果酸和齐墩果酸的对照品适量,精密称定,置于同一量瓶中,加甲醇制成每1 mL含熊果酸2.00 mg和齐墩果酸1.00 mg的混合对照品储备液。精密吸取上述对照品储备液1 mL,置于10 mL量瓶中,加甲醇稀释成每1 mL含熊果酸200 μg和齐墩果酸100 μg的混合对照品溶液。
取山茱萸药材,60 ℃干燥24 h,粉碎,过筛(60目)。取药材粉末约1 g,精密称定,置于索氏提取器中,加乙醚100 mL 35 ℃提取8 h,40 ℃水浴挥干乙醚,残渣用甲醇8 mL溶解,置于10 mL量瓶中,加甲醇定容,摇匀,即得。
本研究使用Autodock 4.2进行分子设计模拟,选择流动相中环糊精的种类。α-CD、β-CD、γ-CD三维立体结构取自剑桥晶体库(https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/),熊果酸和齐墩果酸三维立体结构取自pubchem网站(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)。客体分子结构中可旋转的单键、非极性氢原子等均依照Autodock程序默认值未做改动。分子对接在立方体格子中进行,其长、宽、高均为126 Å,格子间隔为0.375 Å,对接计算采用Lamarckian遗传算法。使用LigPlot+程序分析复合物中主客体之间作用情况。
熊果酸和齐墩果酸分别与α-CD分子设计模拟图见图1,熊果酸和齐墩果酸与α-CD的空腔不匹配,不能进入α-CD的空腔而形成包合物。熊果酸和齐墩果酸分别与β-CD和γ-CD分子设计模拟图见图23,熊果酸和齐墩果酸沿着环糊精的大口端方向进入环糊精的疏水空腔内,可形成主客分子的包合物。熊果酸和齐墩果酸羟基上的氢原子与环糊精的氧原子之间,以及二者碳基上的氧原子与环糊精羟基上的氢原子均能形成稳定的氢键;另外,环糊精内部是疏水的,熊果酸和齐墩果酸进入空腔后,与环糊精间形成疏水作用。氢键作用与疏水作用共同维持齐墩果酸(或熊果酸)与β-CD(或γ-CD)的包合物的稳定性。
图2所示,齐墩果酸28-位羧基上的氢原子和氧原子分别与β-CD糖苷键上的氧原子和羟基上的氢原子形成2个氢键,熊果酸28-位羧基上的氢原子与β-CD氧原子之间形成2个氢键。如图3所示,齐墩果酸28-位羧基上的氢原子和氧原子分别与γ-CD中葡萄糖2,3位羟基上的氧原子和氢原子形成2个氢键,其3-位羟基上的氢原子与γ-CD中葡萄糖6位羟基上的氧原子形成1个氢键;熊果酸28-位羧基上的氢原子和氧原子分别与γ-CD中葡萄糖2,3位羟基上的氧原子和氢原子形成3个氢键,其3-位羟基上的氢原子与γ-CD中葡萄糖6位羟基上的氧原子形成1个氢键。由此可见,熊果酸和齐墩果酸与γ-CD的氢键作用强于β-CD,熊果酸与γ-CD的作用强于齐墩果酸。因此,可选择γ-CD作为流动相添加剂。
以熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度为指标,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选取γ-环糊精浓度(A,mmol·L-1)、有机相比例(B,%)以及磷酸的用量(C,%)为自变量。因素与水平见表1,试验安排及结果见表2
以熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度为因变量,采用Design-Expert 13软件对表3的结果进行二次多项式拟合,得到3个因素与响应值(Y)的数学模型:Y=3.10+0.947 5A-0.445 0B-0.062 5C-0.180 0AB-0.075 0AC-0.060 0BC-0.452 5A2+0.052 5B2+0.002 5C2。数学模型拟合度(R2=0.987 8)极佳,差异性极显著(P<0.001),具有良好的预测性。
在数学模型中,各自变量的方差分析结果(表3)表明,一次项AB具有极显著性差异(P<0.000 1);交互项差异中AB具有显著性差异(P<0.05),二次项A2具有极显著性差异(P=0.000 2),其他项不显著。
采用Design-Expert 13软件,依据所拟合的模型,绘制不同因素间的效应面图,见图4。随着γ-CD浓度的增大,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度逐渐增加,但是γ-CD浓度达到3 mmol·L-1时,分离度增加的幅度极小;随着有机相乙腈浓度的增加,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度逐渐减少;磷酸的浓度对熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度几乎没有影响。考虑到γ-CD在整个体系的溶解性,以及过低有机相浓度会增加分析时间,选取色谱条件流动相为乙腈-3 mmol·L-1环糊精溶液(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)。
依据数学模型,在选取的色谱条件下,熊果酸和齐墩果酸分离度的预测值为3.74。按上述色谱条件,重复进样分析混合对照品溶液3次。熊果酸和齐墩果酸的色谱图见图5,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度为3.81,RSD(n=3)为1.4%,与预测值相对误差为1.84%。
精密量取熊果酸和齐墩果酸混合对照品溶液及供试品溶液各10 μL,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样分析,记录色谱图。结果显示,山茱萸供试品溶液色谱图中在与混合对照品溶液色谱图相应的位置上有相同的色谱峰,熊果酸和齐墩果酸达到基线分离,分离度为3.81,见图5
精密量取“2.2.1”项下混合对照品溶液2、4、8、12、16和20 μL,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样分析,记录色谱图及峰面积。以峰面积(Y)为纵坐标,进样量(X,ng)为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。结果齐墩果酸进样量在200~2 000 ng、熊果酸进样量在400~4 000 ng范围内线性关系良好,线性方程分别为
精密量取“2.2.1”项下混合对照品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件连续进样6次,测定熊果酸和齐墩果酸色谱峰峰面积。结果熊果酸和齐墩果酸二者峰面积的RSD均<1.4%,精密度良好。
精密称取同一批山茱萸药材(批号230607)5份,分别按“2.2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样分析,记录熊果酸和齐墩果酸的峰面积,并计算二者含量。结果熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均含量(n=5)分别为(2.66±0.12) mg·g-1和(0.83±0.07) mg·g-1,RSD均<1.8%,重复性良好。
精密量取供试品溶液,于溶液制备后0、2、4、6和8 h分别进样10 μL,记录熊果酸和齐墩果酸的峰面积,计算RSD。结果熊果酸和齐墩果酸峰面积的RSD均<1.7%,二者在8 h内稳定。
精密称取山茱萸药材(批号230607)粉末0.5 g,加入“2.2.1”项下混合对照品储备液0.5 mL,按“2.2.2”项下方法制备供试溶液,然后按“2.1”项下的色谱条件进样分析,计算加样回收率。结果熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均回收率分别为98.5%(RSD=1.7%)和99.1%(RSD=2.0%),回收率良好。
取市售山茱萸药材3批(批号230607、230701、230702),分别按“2.2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下的色谱条件进样分析,计算含量。测定结果显示,3批山茱萸药材中熊果酸的含量分别为2.66、2.35和2.91 mg·g-1,齐墩果酸的含量分别为0.83、0.78和1.12 mg·g-1
环糊精通常含有6~12个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元,使用较多的是含有6、7、8个葡萄糖单元的分子,分别称为α-CD、β-CD、γ-CD。环糊精中各葡萄糖单元均以1,4-糖苷键结合,形成具有略呈锥形的中空圆筒立体环状结构,在其空腔内由于受到C-H键的屏蔽作用形成了疏水区,像酶一样提供1个疏水的结合部位,因此环糊精作为主体可以包合各种适当的客体[14-15]。熊果酸和齐墩果酸与β-CD和γ-CD空腔大小匹配,能进入空腔,形成包合物,并与环糊精产生疏水作用;而α-CD空腔较小,熊果酸和齐墩果酸不能进入α-CD空腔而形成包合物。环糊精中空圆筒外侧上端(较大开口端)由C2和C3的仲羟基构成,下端(较小开口端)由C6的伯羟基构成,具有亲水性,能与客分子的极性基团(如羟基、羰基、氨基等)形成氢键,提高包合物稳定性。如“2.3”项下所述,熊果酸和齐墩果酸与β-CD均形成2个氢键,熊果酸和齐墩果酸与γ-CD分别形成3个氢键和4个氢键。由此可见,熊果酸和齐墩果酸与γ-CD的氢键作用强于β-CD,熊果酸与γ-CD的作用强于齐墩果酸。
在反相液相色谱中,环糊精作为流动相添加剂,能与分析物形成主客分子包合物,不仅可增加分析物的极性和水溶性,提高分析物在流动相中的分配,还能通过分析物与环糊精间的作用,如疏水作用和氢键作用,减少分析物与固定相间的作用,从而降低分析物在固定相上保留,使分析物的保留时间大幅度降低[16-17]。熊果酸和齐墩果酸为五环三萜类化合物,疏水性强,在反相固定相上保留极强。当以3 mmol·L-1 γ-CD为流动相[乙腈-水(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)]添加剂,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的保留时间从约60 min分别缩短到23、27 min左右。在以乙腈-水(含0.05%磷酸)(60∶40)为流动相时,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的保留时间基本相同,色谱峰重叠。在水相中加入γ-CD为流动相添加剂后,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离得到改善;当γ-CD为3 mmol·L-1时,熊果酸和齐墩果酸色谱峰的分离度达到3.81。熊果酸和齐墩果酸均能和γ-CD形成包合物,γ-CD作为流动相添加剂,能同时降低熊果酸和齐墩果酸在固定相上的保留;由于熊果酸与γ-CD的作用强于齐墩果酸,因此熊果酸在固定相上先被洗脱下来,保留时间较小,色谱峰位于齐墩果酸之前。
Box-Behnken效应面法优化结果表明,随着有机相乙腈比例的增加,熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离度逐渐变小。其原因是,当有机相的比例增加,出峰时间变短,在色谱柱上的保留时间缩短,不利于熊果酸和齐墩果酸的分离。当有机相的比例降低,熊果酸和齐墩果酸保留时间延长,与γ-CD之间的作用时间变长,分离度增加。但若有机相乙腈用量过小,熊果酸和齐墩果酸在固定相上的保留时间过长,会造成二者色谱峰扩散严重。
  • * 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019SF-277)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0789
  • 接收时间:2023-12-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-07-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-09
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* 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019SF-277)
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    1.西安文理学院,西安 710065
    2.西安交通大学,西安 710061
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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