Article(id=1239231275505087060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0805, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703001600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773385359883, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1725033600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385359883, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385359883, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385359883, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239231265254207730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1285', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385357440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385579800, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239232197937393856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239232197937393857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1365, endPage=1372, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239231276641743523, articleId=1239231275505087060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Development of a novel high-throughput method for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines, columnId=1206272756979659107, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To develop a novel and efficient assay for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines,and to compare the results with the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) 2020 edition.

Methods:

Vaccine samples were added directly into headspace vials without any pretreatment and tested after mixed with a new derivatization reagent,1% p-toluenesulfonic acid-ethanol solution (1% TsOH-EtOH solution). The concentration of the reagent,the dosage and the optimal derivatization conditions (headspace incubation temperature and time) were tested and confirmed. A DB-624 gas capillary column was used with temperature programming. The detector was a hydrogen-ion flame detector (FID) and the sample was injected in headspace.

Results:

The linear range was 0.25-100 μg·mL-1r=0.999 5),the detection limit and the quantification limit were 0.10 μg·mL-1 and 0.25 μg·mL-1,respectively. The recovery rates of several kinds of vaccines were all over 94%,and the RSDs were all less than 6%,which were in line with the requirements of specificity,precision and durability. There were no significant differences between the results of multiple batches and those determined by ChP 2020 methods.

Conclusion:

In this paper,a novel derivatization reagent (1% TsOH-EtOH solution) was developed and validated for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines,which is simple,efficient and can achieve high-throughput detection. The method can just solve the problems in other current detection methods. The method of derivatization headspace gas chromatography for the determination of free formaldehyde content is applicable to vaccines and other biologics,and provide a reference for chemicals,traditional Chinese medicine and excipients.

, correspAuthors=Wen-dong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-li LI, Min LI, Yi-xing MA, Hong JI, Xiao-yue ZHU, huan HE, Wen-dong LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239231278860530398, articleId=1239231275505087060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=疫苗中游离甲醛含量新型高通量检测方法的建立, columnId=1206272757600416118, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=生物检定, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立一种新型高通量检测方法,用于测定疫苗中游离甲醛含量,并与2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)方法进行结果比对。

方法:

疫苗样品不经任何前处理,直接加入顶空瓶中与衍生化试剂1%对甲基苯磺酸-乙醇溶液(1%TsOH-EtOH溶液)混合后进行测定。考察了衍生化试剂浓度、用量及最佳衍生化条件(顶空孵育温度和时间)。采用DB-624气相毛细管柱,顶空进样,程序升温,检测器为氢离子火焰检测器(FID)。

结果:

线性范围为0.25~100 μg·mL-1r=0.999 5),检测限和定量限分别为0.10 μg·mL-1和0.25 μg·mL-1;多种疫苗加样回收率均在94%以上,RSD均低于6%,专属性、精密度及耐用性均符合要求。多批次检测结果均与药典方法测定结果无显著差异。

结论:

开发并验证了1种新型衍生化试剂(1%TsOH-EtOH溶液)用于疫苗中游离甲醛含量的测定,简捷高效,并可实现高通量检测。该方法既可以解决2020年版《中国药典》方法中的多种溶液配制,检验步骤多以及检验周期较长的问题,又可以解决独立衍生化前处理操作带来的工作量的增加与检验效率的降低,可用于疫苗等生物制品复杂基质中的游离甲醛的测定,对于化学药品、中药及辅料中的游离甲醛的测定也有参考意义。

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Tel:15110023161;E-mail:

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A.空白(blank) B. 5.0 μg·mL-1对照品(5.0 μg·mL-1 reference substance) C.二乙氧基甲烷定位(dimethoxymethane localization) D.甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)供试品[inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine(human diploid cell) test] E.A企业Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)供试品[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (Vero cells) test of manufacturer A] F.流感病毒裂解疫苗供试品[inactivated influenza vaccine (Split Virion) test] G.重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)供试品[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) test] H.重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)供试品[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) test] I. B企业Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)供试品[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (Vero cells) test of manufacturer B]

, figureFileSmall=1FJDneTEm5vBNwrVVwrHMQ==, figureFileBig=OHu6Z2v9REXUna1xZ4+EqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239231284829025264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231275505087060, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Recovery results of formaldehyde determination

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疫苗类型
(vaccine type)
原有量
(original)/(μg·mL-1
加标量
(spiked)/(μg·mL-1
测得加标量
(measured)/(μg·mL-1
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)
[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell)]
26.885.04.4889.694.84.8
4.5190.1
4.4789.5
109.4794.7
9.4694.6
9.4694.6
2525.29101.2
25.21100.8
24.6598.6
甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)
[inactivated hepatitis A vaccine(human diploid cell)]
05.04.4889.795.65.4
4.5190.2
4.5290.3
109.5395.3
9.4894.8
9.4694.6
2525.53102.1
25.42101.7
25.43101.7
流感病毒裂解疫苗[inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion)]05.04.5691.295.54.5
4.4989.7
4.5791.5
109.4794.7
9.5895.8
9.4694.6
2525.30101.2
25.03100.1
25.1382100.6
Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业
B[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from SabinStrains (Vero cells) of manufacturer B]
17.685.04.5090.095.14.6
4.5190.2
4.5991.8
109.4494.4
9.3593.4
9.4394.3
2525.24101.0
25.11100.4
25.03100.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239231284917105654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231275505087060, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甲醛测定的回收率结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疫苗类型
(vaccine type)
原有量
(original)/(μg·mL-1
加标量
(spiked)/(μg·mL-1
测得加标量
(measured)/(μg·mL-1
回收率
(recovery)/%
平均回收率
(average recovery)/%
RSD/%
重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)
[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell)]
26.885.04.4889.694.84.8
4.5190.1
4.4789.5
109.4794.7
9.4694.6
9.4694.6
2525.29101.2
25.21100.8
24.6598.6
甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)
[inactivated hepatitis A vaccine(human diploid cell)]
05.04.4889.795.65.4
4.5190.2
4.5290.3
109.5395.3
9.4894.8
9.4694.6
2525.53102.1
25.42101.7
25.43101.7
流感病毒裂解疫苗[inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion)]05.04.5691.295.54.5
4.4989.7
4.5791.5
109.4794.7
9.5895.8
9.4694.6
2525.30101.2
25.03100.1
25.1382100.6
Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业
B[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from SabinStrains (Vero cells) of manufacturer B]
17.685.04.5090.095.14.6
4.5190.2
4.5991.8
109.4494.4
9.3593.4
9.4394.3
2525.24101.0
25.11100.4
25.03100.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239231285021963256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231275505087060, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of sample test results with pharmacopoeial method results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
样品
(sample)
批号
(batch No.)
检测结果
(test result)/(μg·mL-1
相对偏差
(relative deviation)/%
本法
(this method)
药典方法
(ChP method)
1甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)[inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (human diploid cell)]202208059--\
2202208060--\
3202208061--\
4202210155--\
5Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业A[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabinstrains (Vero cells) of manufacturer A]202210156--\
6202210157--\
7流感病毒裂解疫苗[inactivated influenza vaccine (Split Virion)]T202207015--\
8T202207016--\
9T202207017--\
10重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)]2022100481.710.9913.33
112022100511.671.0112.31
122022100531.631.0111.74
13重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell)]H202205YB1526.1327.671.43
14H202206YB1626.2728.071.66
15H202206YB1727.1027.600.46
1620220500617.8718.510.88
17Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业B[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (Vero cells) of manufacturer B]20220500717.5618.230.94
1820220500816.1918.323.09
), ArticleFig(id=1239231285156180990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231275505087060, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样品检测结果与药典方法结果比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
样品
(sample)
批号
(batch No.)
检测结果
(test result)/(μg·mL-1
相对偏差
(relative deviation)/%
本法
(this method)
药典方法
(ChP method)
1甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)[inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (human diploid cell)]202208059--\
2202208060--\
3202208061--\
4202210155--\
5Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业A[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabinstrains (Vero cells) of manufacturer A]202210156--\
6202210157--\
7流感病毒裂解疫苗[inactivated influenza vaccine (Split Virion)]T202207015--\
8T202207016--\
9T202207017--\
10重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)]2022100481.710.9913.33
112022100511.671.0112.31
122022100531.631.0111.74
13重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)[recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell)]H202205YB1526.1327.671.43
14H202206YB1626.2728.071.66
15H202206YB1727.1027.600.46
1620220500617.8718.510.88
17Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)企业B[inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (Vero cells) of manufacturer B]20220500717.5618.230.94
1820220500816.1918.323.09
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疫苗中游离甲醛含量新型高通量检测方法的建立
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李玉立 , 李珉 , 马一星 , 纪宏 , 朱晓月 , 何欢 , 李文东 *
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2024,44(8): 1365-1372
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药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2024, 44(8): 1365-1372
疫苗中游离甲醛含量新型高通量检测方法的建立
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李玉立 , 李珉, 马一星, 纪宏, 朱晓月, 何欢, 李文东*
作者信息
  • 北京市药品检验研究院(北京市疫苗检验中心) 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室中药成分分析与生物评价北京市重点实验室,北京 102206
  • Tel:15110023161;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* Tel:18010281105;E-mail:
Development of a novel high-throughput method for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines
Yu-li LI , Min LI, Yi-xing MA, Hong JI, Xiao-yue ZHU, huan HE, Wen-dong LI*
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute for Drug Control(Beijing Center for Vaccine Control),NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drug,Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102206,China]
出版时间: 2024-08-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0805
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目的:

建立一种新型高通量检测方法,用于测定疫苗中游离甲醛含量,并与2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)方法进行结果比对。

方法:

疫苗样品不经任何前处理,直接加入顶空瓶中与衍生化试剂1%对甲基苯磺酸-乙醇溶液(1%TsOH-EtOH溶液)混合后进行测定。考察了衍生化试剂浓度、用量及最佳衍生化条件(顶空孵育温度和时间)。采用DB-624气相毛细管柱,顶空进样,程序升温,检测器为氢离子火焰检测器(FID)。

结果:

线性范围为0.25~100 μg·mL-1r=0.999 5),检测限和定量限分别为0.10 μg·mL-1和0.25 μg·mL-1;多种疫苗加样回收率均在94%以上,RSD均低于6%,专属性、精密度及耐用性均符合要求。多批次检测结果均与药典方法测定结果无显著差异。

结论:

开发并验证了1种新型衍生化试剂(1%TsOH-EtOH溶液)用于疫苗中游离甲醛含量的测定,简捷高效,并可实现高通量检测。该方法既可以解决2020年版《中国药典》方法中的多种溶液配制,检验步骤多以及检验周期较长的问题,又可以解决独立衍生化前处理操作带来的工作量的增加与检验效率的降低,可用于疫苗等生物制品复杂基质中的游离甲醛的测定,对于化学药品、中药及辅料中的游离甲醛的测定也有参考意义。

疫苗  /  顶空气相色谱法  /  游离甲醛  /  衍生化  /  高通量  /  药典方法比对
Objective:

To develop a novel and efficient assay for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines,and to compare the results with the method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) 2020 edition.

Methods:

Vaccine samples were added directly into headspace vials without any pretreatment and tested after mixed with a new derivatization reagent,1% p-toluenesulfonic acid-ethanol solution (1% TsOH-EtOH solution). The concentration of the reagent,the dosage and the optimal derivatization conditions (headspace incubation temperature and time) were tested and confirmed. A DB-624 gas capillary column was used with temperature programming. The detector was a hydrogen-ion flame detector (FID) and the sample was injected in headspace.

Results:

The linear range was 0.25-100 μg·mL-1r=0.999 5),the detection limit and the quantification limit were 0.10 μg·mL-1 and 0.25 μg·mL-1,respectively. The recovery rates of several kinds of vaccines were all over 94%,and the RSDs were all less than 6%,which were in line with the requirements of specificity,precision and durability. There were no significant differences between the results of multiple batches and those determined by ChP 2020 methods.

Conclusion:

In this paper,a novel derivatization reagent (1% TsOH-EtOH solution) was developed and validated for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines,which is simple,efficient and can achieve high-throughput detection. The method can just solve the problems in other current detection methods. The method of derivatization headspace gas chromatography for the determination of free formaldehyde content is applicable to vaccines and other biologics,and provide a reference for chemicals,traditional Chinese medicine and excipients.

vaccine  /  headspace gas chromatography  /  free formaldehyde  /  derivatization  /  high throughput  /  ChP methods comparison
李玉立, 李珉, 马一星, 纪宏, 朱晓月, 何欢, 李文东. 疫苗中游离甲醛含量新型高通量检测方法的建立. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (8) : 1365 -1372 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0805
Yu-li LI, Min LI, Yi-xing MA, Hong JI, Xiao-yue ZHU, huan HE, Wen-dong LI. Development of a novel high-throughput method for the determination of free formaldehyde content in vaccines[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (8) : 1365 -1372 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0805
甲醛是有强烈刺激性的致癌物质,其醛基具有还原作用,可与蛋白质与核酸的羟基、巯基作用,导致蛋白及核酸发生变性,从而使病毒失去致病能力但保留其抗原活性,因此被作为灭活剂广泛应用于甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗、流感疫苗等病毒和细菌类疫苗的生产[1]。甲醛是细胞原浆毒物,为众多疾病的主要诱因,严重危害人体健康,国际癌症研究所(IARC)、美国环境保护局(EPA)及WHO已将甲醛确认为是对人体有毒害、致癌、致畸性作用的化学物质和环境污染物[2]
2020年版《中国药典》三部[3]收录的54种预防性疫苗中,进行游离甲醛控制的疫苗品种有21种,占比为39%,限度从10 μg·mL-1至200 μg·mL-1。游离甲醛的检测方法为2020年版《中国药典》四部通则3207游离甲醛测定法[4],该通则收录了2种方法,均为比色法,第一法为品红亚硫酸比色法,第二法为乙酰丙酮比色法。2种方法的原理均为游离甲醛通过特定反应生成有色物质,采用特定波长进行游离甲醛检测,在一定程度上解决了残留甲醛的质控问题,但均存在专属性不强,前处理时间长,自动化程度不足及无法高通量检测的问题。
针对以上测定方法的不足,多篇文献报道[5-11]建立了离线或在线衍生化高效液相色谱法,用于食品、疫苗及药品中残留甲醛的测定,该方法虽然提高了灵敏度和自动化程度,但衍生化处理仍存在前处理时间较长,衍生化试剂与疫苗样品中的残留蛋白、抗原蛋白、佐剂均会进入液相色谱系统,易导致色谱柱的堵塞和污染,影响方法的稳定性与寿命[1]。杨英超等[1]和纪宏等[5]建立了衍生化直接进样气相色谱法测定疫苗中的游离甲醛,但仍无法规避衍生化处理时间较长及需要有机溶剂提取的问题。冯雪等[2]采用顶空气相色谱法测定流感疫苗中游离甲醛,仅考察了流感病毒裂解疫苗,未对其他疫苗品种进行考察。
通过查阅大量文献[5-15],本研究选定多种衍生化试剂进行方法开发,最终确认1%TsOH-EtOH溶液为目标试剂。通过多次试验考察,确认样品与该试剂1 :3比例混合后,甲醛在对甲基苯磺酸的催化作用下可与乙醇缩合,转化为二乙氧基甲烷。该反应在顶空瓶保温过程中即可发生,无需额外增加人工操作衍生化步骤。因此,操作极为简便,只需将疫苗样品加入顶空瓶中,与目标试剂混合后即可直接测定。
采用该方法对甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)、流感病毒裂解疫苗、重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)、重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)中的游离甲醛进行测定,对其中4种疫苗进行了方法学考察,并与2020年版《中国药典》方法进行比对,确认该方法对于各类疫苗中游离甲醛的测定具有良好的灵敏度、专属性和准确度,由于不需要前期单独的衍生化处理和提取,极大地提高了检验效率且适用于高通量的检测需求。
Agilent 8890气相色谱仪(FID检测器),7697A顶空进样器(安捷伦公司),DB-624气相毛细管柱(安捷伦公司,30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm),XA205型十万分之一分析天平(梅特勒公司)。
水中甲醛溶液标准物质(北京北方伟业计量技术研究院,批号20211118,含量10 mg·mL-1);乙醇(现代东方(北京)科技发展有限公司,批号2201120119,含量95%);TsOH(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号20131016,含量≥99.0%);二乙氧基甲烷(Key Organics Limited,批号122283,含量≥95%);Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(A企业,批号202210155、202210156、202210157;B企业,批号202205006、202205007、202205008);甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)(C企业,批号202208059、202208060、202208061);流感病毒裂解疫苗(D企业,批号T202207015、T202207016、T202207017)重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)(E企业,批号202210048、202210051、202210053);重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)(F企业,批号H202205YB15、H202206YB16、H202206YB17)。
色谱柱:采用DB-624气相毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm);柱温:程序升温,起始温度40 ℃,恒温保持10 min,以20 ℃·min-1升至180 ℃,保持5 min;进样口温度:140 ℃;检测器:氢离子火焰检测器(FID);检测器温度:260 ℃;载气:N2;流速:3.0 mL·min-1。顶空进样,分流比5:1,顶空瓶平衡温度70 ℃,平衡时间为60 min,定量环温度90 ℃,传输线温度为100 ℃,进样时间1 min。
取TsOH适量,加乙醇配制成1%的TsOH-EtOH溶液,即得。
取水中甲醛溶液标准物质,用水稀释制成质量浓度为0.25、0.5、1.0、5.0、25、50、75、100 μg·mL-1的甲醛溶液,作为对照品线性溶液,分别取1 mL加入到顶空瓶中,再分别加入衍生化试剂3 mL,摇匀,加盖密封。
精密量取各个品种的疫苗样品1 mL,置顶空瓶中,再加入衍生化试剂3 mL,摇匀,加盖密封,即得。
在顶空瓶中精密加入水1 mL,再加入衍生化试剂3 mL,摇匀,加盖密封。
精密称取二乙氧基甲烷适量,加水溶解制成25 μg·mL-1溶液,取4 mL于顶空瓶中,加盖密封。
取“2.2.2”项下的对照品线性溶液,“2.2.3”项下的供试品溶液,“2.2.4”项下的空白溶液,“2.2.5”项下的衍生化产物定位溶液,按照“2.1”项下的方法进样测定,记录色谱图,结果见图1。由结果可以看出,空白溶剂无干扰,甲醛衍生化产物峰与相邻峰的分离度符合规定。
取“2.2.2”项下对照品线性溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件分别进样,以浓度X为横坐标,峰面积值Y为纵坐标,进行线性回归,回归方程为
结果表明,在0.25~100 μg·mL-1浓度范围内,峰面积与浓度线性关系良好。
取质量浓度为25 μg·mL-1对照品线性溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件连续进样6次。结果峰面积的RSD为1.5%,表明该方法的精密度良好。
取乙肝疫苗样品(批号H202205YB16),按“2.2.3”项下方法平行配制6份供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样测定。检测结果分别为26.27、26.33、26.33、26.59、26.35、26.72 μg·mL-1,RSD为0.69%,表明该方法的重复性良好。
取3批乙肝疫苗样品(批号H202205YB15、H202205YB16、H202205YB17),分别在3个日期(2023.03.17,2023.03.20,2023.03.21)进行测定,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样。结果3批样品检测结果的RSD分别为0.92%、0.89%、2.2%,表明该方法的中间精密度良好。
取标准曲线浓度最低点溶液逐级稀释后进样,记录色谱图,按信噪比为3:1判断检测限为0.10 μg·mL-1S/N=4.67),按信噪比10:1判断定量限为0.25 μg·mL-1S/N=10.52)。
精密量取4个品种的一批次的疫苗样品各0. 5 mL,置顶空瓶中,精密加入水中甲醛溶液标准物质稀释制成的浓度分别为5.0、10、25 μg·mL-1的甲醛标准溶液各0.5 mL,每个浓度平行配制3份,分别加入衍生化试剂3 mL,摇匀,作为加样回收测试溶液。同时取该批次疫苗样品1 mL,加入衍生化试剂3 mL,平行配制3份,作为供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样,测定甲醛含量。结果见表1。重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)、甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、流感病毒裂解疫苗及Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(企业B)甲醛的平均回收率分别为94.8%、95.6%、95.5%、95.1%,RSD分别为4.8%、5.4%、4.5%与4.6%,符合2020年版《中国药典》9101分析方法验证指导原则的要求。
对顶空瓶平衡温度(65、70与75 ℃)进行考察,结果甲醛衍生化产物色谱峰面积均基本一致。采用平衡温度70 ℃,对平衡时间(50、60、70 min)进行考察,结果甲醛衍生化产物色谱峰面积均基本一致。
对升温程序的起始柱温(38、40、42 ℃)进行考察,结果甲醛衍生化产物色谱峰出峰良好,保留时间略有差异,与相邻色谱峰的分离度均符合规定。
对DB-WAX毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.50 μm)和DB-624毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm)进行考察,结果甲醛衍生化产物色谱峰保留时间为2.1 min,与相邻色谱峰分离度符合规定。
对供试品溶液与衍生化试剂(1:1、1:3、1:5)进行考察,结果表明比例为1:3与1:5时衍生化产物的色谱峰基本一致,均大于1:1衍生化产物色谱峰,因此,本方法采用供试品溶液与衍生化试剂1:3比例进行检测。
分别取甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、流感病毒裂解疫苗、重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)、重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)及Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(企业A与企业B)各3批,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样分析,同时采用2020年版《中国药典》通则3207游离甲醛测定法第二法进行测定,结果比对见表2
表2可看出,甲型肝炎灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)、Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(企业A)与流感病毒裂解疫苗中游离甲醛的2种方法检测结果均为未检出;重组乙型肝炎疫苗(酿酒酵母)由于游离甲醛含量较低,2种方法检测结果偏差略大;重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)与Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)(企业B)中游离甲醛的2种方法测定结果的相对偏差均小于4%,以上数据比对结果表明,本研究方法与药典方法,均可满足对游离甲醛的质控要求。
2020年版《中国药典》四部收载的2种方法,原理均为游离甲醛与相关化合物反应生成有色物质,进行比色法测定,均需配制多种溶剂且步骤较为烦琐,不同铝佐剂配方的疫苗产品测定时需增加离心步骤进行处理[14];同时,对于高通量大批次的游离甲醛测定存在检验效率不足的问题。文献采用的液相色谱法[6-11]、顶空与直接进样气相色谱法[1-25]均需要进行衍生化处理,且部分衍生化处理后还需要采用提取溶剂进行提取。因此,开发一种高通量的游离甲醛检测方法具有积极的意义。
本方法开发初期,拟建立非衍生化的顶空气相色谱法进行游离甲醛的控制,在方法验证中发现,甲醛标准物质(甲醛水溶液)和样品(疫苗基质中甲醛)在相同顶空条件下逸出程度不同。方法学考察中线性、回收率、精密度均满足要求,但在样品检测中发现疫苗样品中的游离甲醛含量测定结果明显低于药典方法。
相关文献[16-21]指出,游离甲醛在溶液环境中存在聚合、弱作用力结合以及游离甲醛与结合甲醛共存的稳定态。疫苗基质中有大量的磷酸盐、蛋白等多种物质基础,与甲醛存在氢键等弱作用力的结合,影响其逸出;同时,游离甲醛与结合甲醛共存的平衡态需要相关反应不断消耗游离甲醛,破坏平衡状态方可准确测定。
综合以上原因,本研究为解除游离甲醛的聚合、结合作用,分别采用了加酸碱破坏、去蛋白试剂及离心等多种处理方式,均无法解决直接顶空分析结果偏低的情况,基于该结果,必须引入相关反应破坏游离甲醛与结合甲醛的平衡态,才能准确地进行游离甲醛的质控。
通过多种衍生化反应的筛选,最终确认1%TsOH-EtOH溶液为目标试剂,甲醛在甲基苯磺酸的催化作用下可与乙醇缩合,完全转化为二乙氧基甲烷。该反应在顶空瓶保温过程中即可发生,无需额外增加人工衍生化步骤,极大提升了检验效率,可满足企业与检验机构高通量检测的需求。
2020年版《中国药典》三部收载的疫苗有22个品种进行游离甲醛控制,限度最低为不得过10 μg·mL-1,最高为不得过200 μg·mL-1。本研究新建的检测方法的线性范围参考了2020年版《中国药典》四部3207“游离甲醛测定法”第二法的线性范围(0.25~100 μg·mL-1),大于第一法线性范围(1.0~4.0 μg·mL-1),同时根据现有收载品种的甲醛控制限度,本方法适用性良好,可以满足游离甲醛质控要求。
本研究新建的疫苗中游离甲醛含量的新型高通量检测方法,既可以解决药典方法中的多种溶剂配制,步骤多以及周期长的问题,又可以解决衍生化前处理操作导致的工作量增加与检验效率降低的问题,不仅可用于疫苗等生物制品复杂基质中游离甲醛的测定,也可用于化学药品、中药及辅料中游离甲醛的定量分析,为游离甲醛的质量控制提供了新的高通量解决方案。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0805
  • 接收时间:2023-12-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-08-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-20
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    北京市药品检验研究院(北京市疫苗检验中心) 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室中药成分分析与生物评价北京市重点实验室,北京 102206

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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