Article(id=1239231274062246412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0663, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696953600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773385359539, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1725033600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773385359539, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773385359539, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385359539, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239231265254207730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='1285', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773385357440, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773385579800, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239232197937393856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239232197937393857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239231265254207730, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1343, endPage=1347, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239231275807076974, articleId=1239231274062246412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Application of low-field and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride, columnId=1239148838318043851, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a low-field and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride. To compare the differences between the results of method validation and sample content.

Methods:

Using deuterated water as the solvent and maleic acid as the internal standard,method validation of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was accomplished with both 80 MHz low-field NMR and 500 MHz high-field NMR instruments. The content of pyridoxine hydrochloride was also determined.

Results:

The linearity of pyridoxine hydrochloride was good in the range of 10-30 mg·mL-1,and the linear correlation coefficients were 0.999 8 and 0.999 6 for the low-field and high-field NMR,respectively. RSDs of the low-field and high-field NMR measurements were 1.4% and 0.040%,respectively. The contents were 100.4% and 100.8%,which were in agreement with the results from the mass balance method (100.0%). And the repeatability RSD was 0.20%. For the same concentration of the sample,the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of high-field NMR was about 100 times that of low-field NMR,and the half-peak width was 1/15 of that of low-field NMR.

Conclusion:

Both low-field and high-field NMR instruments gave accurate results in the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride content. However,low-field NMR was only suitable for compounds with simple structures. In the actual content determination,it is necessary to choose the appropriate instrument according to the structure and solubility of the sample to be tested.

, correspAuthors=Yang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Heng-ting PU, Jing LIU, Hui XU, Yang LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239231277300249297, articleId=1239231274062246412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=低场与高场核磁共振技术在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中的应用*, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立低场与高场核磁共振技术测定盐酸吡哆辛的含量,比较分析方法学验证结果和样品含量测定结果的差异。

方法:

分别使用80 MHz低场核磁共振仪和500 MHz高场核磁共振仪,以氘代水为溶剂,马来酸为内标,用氢核磁共振定量法进行分析方法学验证,并测定盐酸吡哆辛含量。

结果:

盐酸吡哆辛在10~30 mg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,低场与高场核磁共振仪测定线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 6;5次测定结果精密度,低场和高场核磁共振仪的RSD分别为1.4%和0.040%;含量测定结果为100.4%和100.8%,与质量平衡法结果(100.0%)基本一致,重复性RSD均为0.20%。对相同浓度样品,高场核磁共振信噪比(S/N)约为低场核磁共振的100倍,半峰宽为低场核磁的1/15。

结论:

低场与高场核磁共振仪在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中均能得到准确的结果,但低场核磁共振仪只适用于结构较简单的化合物。实际含量测定过程中,需要根据待测样品结构及溶解性选择适当的仪器。

, correspAuthors=刘阳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
** Tel:13811709856;E-mail:
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DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130675, articleTitle=Validated quantitative 19F-NMR technique for the determination of ticagrelor:a novel method for fluorochemicals detection, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239231283570734016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, awardId=GJJS-2022-4-2, language=CN, fundingSource=*中检院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-4-2), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239231278902473442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239231278910862051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, companyId=1239231278902473442, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239231278919250660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, companyId=1239231278902473442, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.烟台大学 药学院,烟台 264005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239231279028302571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239231279036691180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, companyId=1239231279028302571, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239231279045079789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, companyId=1239231279028302571, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239231281645548454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure of pyridoxine hydrochloride, figureFileSmall=L21WZT4RewS2VZ+GwrCptQ==, figureFileBig=eKeoA/qEg+XRPPQKu2/mkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239231281716851629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, language=CN, label=图1 , caption=盐酸吡哆辛结构, figureFileSmall=L21WZT4RewS2VZ+GwrCptQ==, figureFileBig=eKeoA/qEg+XRPPQKu2/mkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239231283327464374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Signals of pyridoxine hydrochloride and internal standard with low-field NMR (A) and high-field NMR(B), figureFileSmall=qBPehZj6m5l+jhuRaVZQSg==, figureFileBig=k6QiVPPN1M8txxLO7f51NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239231283432321976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239231274062246412, language=CN, label=图2 , caption=低场(A)和高场(B)核磁共振仪测定盐酸吡哆辛与内标响应信号

1.样品(sample) 2.内标(internal standard)

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低场与高场核磁共振技术在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中的应用*
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濮恒婷 1, 2 , 刘静 2 , 许卉 1 , 刘阳 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(8): 1343-1347
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(8): 1343-1347
低场与高场核磁共振技术在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中的应用*
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濮恒婷1, 2 , 刘静2, 许卉1, 刘阳2, **
作者信息
  • 1.烟台大学 药学院,烟台 264005
  • 2.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
  • Tel:15305157191;E-mail:

通讯作者:

** Tel:13811709856;E-mail:
Application of low-field and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride
Heng-ting PU1, 2 , Jing LIU2, Hui XU1, Yang LIU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Yantai University,Yantai 264005
  • 2.National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Beijing 102629
出版时间: 2024-08-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0663
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目的:

建立低场与高场核磁共振技术测定盐酸吡哆辛的含量,比较分析方法学验证结果和样品含量测定结果的差异。

方法:

分别使用80 MHz低场核磁共振仪和500 MHz高场核磁共振仪,以氘代水为溶剂,马来酸为内标,用氢核磁共振定量法进行分析方法学验证,并测定盐酸吡哆辛含量。

结果:

盐酸吡哆辛在10~30 mg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,低场与高场核磁共振仪测定线性相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 6;5次测定结果精密度,低场和高场核磁共振仪的RSD分别为1.4%和0.040%;含量测定结果为100.4%和100.8%,与质量平衡法结果(100.0%)基本一致,重复性RSD均为0.20%。对相同浓度样品,高场核磁共振信噪比(S/N)约为低场核磁共振的100倍,半峰宽为低场核磁的1/15。

结论:

低场与高场核磁共振仪在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中均能得到准确的结果,但低场核磁共振仪只适用于结构较简单的化合物。实际含量测定过程中,需要根据待测样品结构及溶解性选择适当的仪器。

低场核磁共振仪  /  高场核磁共振仪  /  氢核磁共振定量  /  盐酸吡哆辛  /  含量测定  /  方法学验证
Objective:

To establish a low-field and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride. To compare the differences between the results of method validation and sample content.

Methods:

Using deuterated water as the solvent and maleic acid as the internal standard,method validation of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was accomplished with both 80 MHz low-field NMR and 500 MHz high-field NMR instruments. The content of pyridoxine hydrochloride was also determined.

Results:

The linearity of pyridoxine hydrochloride was good in the range of 10-30 mg·mL-1,and the linear correlation coefficients were 0.999 8 and 0.999 6 for the low-field and high-field NMR,respectively. RSDs of the low-field and high-field NMR measurements were 1.4% and 0.040%,respectively. The contents were 100.4% and 100.8%,which were in agreement with the results from the mass balance method (100.0%). And the repeatability RSD was 0.20%. For the same concentration of the sample,the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of high-field NMR was about 100 times that of low-field NMR,and the half-peak width was 1/15 of that of low-field NMR.

Conclusion:

Both low-field and high-field NMR instruments gave accurate results in the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride content. However,low-field NMR was only suitable for compounds with simple structures. In the actual content determination,it is necessary to choose the appropriate instrument according to the structure and solubility of the sample to be tested.

low-field NMR  /  high-field NMR  /  quantitative hydrogen NMR  /  pyridoxine hydrochloride  /  determination  /  methodological validation
濮恒婷, 刘静, 许卉, 刘阳. 低场与高场核磁共振技术在盐酸吡哆辛含量测定中的应用*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (8) : 1343 -1347 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0663
Heng-ting PU, Jing LIU, Hui XU, Yang LIU. Application of low-field and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (8) : 1343 -1347 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0663
盐酸吡哆辛又名盐酸维生素B6(图1),是一种水溶性维生素,在人体内以磷酸酯的形式存在,是人体内某些辅酶的组成成分,参与多种代谢反应[1],尤其在氨基酸合成与分解过程中发挥重要作用。临床上应用盐酸吡多辛制剂防治妊娠呕吐[2]和放射治疗引起的呕吐,其含量分析通常采用高效液相色谱法[3-4]、荧光分光光度法[5]和紫外分光光度法[6]等,但是这些方法需要使用高纯度的盐酸吡哆辛对照品,采取适当前处理和校正等措施,分析流程相对烦琐,耗时长,故而发展无需对照品且简便快速的含量测定方法十分必要。
氢核磁共振定量(qNMR)试验中每个响应信号的积分面积直接与结构中对应的质子的摩尔数成正比,通过内标法可以快速计算出待测物的含量。qNMR无需对照品,是一种有效、快速、简便的含量测定方法,通常使用300 MHz以上核磁共振波谱仪测定,此类高场核磁共振试验可同时提供化合物的结构信息以及定量结果,已经广泛应用于药学[7]、化工[8]、环境科学[9]和化学分析[10]等领域。但是高场核磁共振仪体积大,维护成本高,并且操作相对复杂,限制了高场核磁共振仪的应用。近年来,低场台式核磁共振波谱仪开始越来越多受到关注,虽然其分辨率及灵敏度均较低,但低场核磁波谱仪使用永磁体,具有体积小、价格低、无需液氮液氦等优点,已经开始应用于食品科学[11]、制药[12]、过程与反应监测[13]、代谢组学[14]和毒品定性定量[15]分析等领域,在药物研究中的应用主要集中在与掺假有关的质量控制上,在药物含量测定方面的应用目前较少。
本实验同时采用低场与高场核磁共振仪测定盐酸吡哆辛含量,比较分析方法学验证结果与实际含量测定结果差异,并与质量平衡法结果对比,明确低场核磁共振测定药物含量的关键影响因素,探索使用低场核磁共振仪测定化学药物含量的可行性与适用范围。
SpinsolveTM80ULTRA台式核磁共振谱仪(Magritek公司);Avance 500 MHz型核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker公司);实验控制软件Spinsolve 2.1.5(Magritek公司),TopSpin3.6.5(Bruker公司);数据处理软件MestReNova 14.0.0(Mestrelab research);XP205天平(十万分之一,Mettler Toledo公司);KQ-500DB超声波清洗器(40 kHz,500 W,昆山市超声仪器有限公司)。
盐酸吡哆辛对照品(含量100%,批号100116-202307,中国食品药品检定研究院);去离子水(18.2 MΩ,实验室自制);氘代水(含量99.9%,批号M0731,Cambridge Isotope Laboratories,Inc.);马来酸(含量99%,批号A0279525,ACROS ORGANICS)。
精密称取适量盐酸吡哆辛和内标物质马来酸,置同一离心管中,用约1 mL氘代水溶解,取溶液约0.6 mL转入5 mm核磁管中备用。
采用90°脉冲,在恒温(25 ℃)下获取1H核磁共振谱。具体试验参数:采集(AQ)时间3.2 s,弛豫时间(D1)1 min;扫描次数(NS)16次,结果如图2-A所示。
采用90°脉冲,在恒温(25 ℃)下获取1H核磁共振谱。具体试验参数:采集(AQ)时间3.27 s,弛豫时间(D1)45 s;扫描次数(NS)16次,结果如图2-B所示。
分别精密称取盐酸吡哆辛样品10、15、20、24、30 mg和马来酸内标5 mg(5份),以氘代水为溶剂,按“2.1”项下方法配制溶液,使对照品溶液质量浓度约为10、15、20、24、30 mg·mL-1,固定内标溶液浓度约为5 mg·mL-1。按“2.2”项下条件,分别用低场核磁共振波谱仪和高场核磁共振波谱仪测定氢谱,记录响应信号积分面积,以δ约8.06处样品信号和δ约6.30处内标信号积分的面积比为纵坐标,样品和内标的质量比为横坐标做线性回归,低场核磁和高场核磁的回归方程分别为
证明在低场和高场核磁中,盐酸吡哆辛溶液质量浓度在10~30 mg·mL-1范围内线性关系均良好。
取“2.3”项下浓度约为20 mg·mL-1的同一份对照品溶液,按“2. 2”项下试验条件,分别用低场核磁和高场核磁连续测定5次,记录积分面积,计算δ约8.06处样品信号和δ约6.30处内标信号的积分面积比值。低场核磁结果显示RSD=1.4%,高场核磁结果显示RSD=0.040%,2种方法的重复进样精密度良好。
分别精密称取盐酸吡哆辛20 mg和马来酸内标5 mg,以氘代水为溶剂,按“2. 1”项下方法配制5份对照品溶液,其中盐酸吡哆辛供对照品溶液质量浓度约为20 mg·mL-1,内标溶液质量浓度约为5 mg·mL-1,按公式(1)计算盐酸吡哆辛含量[19]
其中:As为盐酸吡哆辛的信号积分面积,ns为盐酸吡哆辛参与含量计算的氢原子数(ns=1),Ms为盐酸吡哆辛的相对分子质量(205.64 g·mol-1),Ar为内标马来酸信号积分面积,nr为内标中包含的氢原子数(nr=2),Mr为内标物质的相对分子质量(116.07 g·mol-1),ms为称取盐酸吡哆辛的质量,mr为称取的内标物质的质量,Pr为内标的质量百分含量(Pr=99%)。
经计算,低场台式核磁波谱仪测得样品中盐酸吡哆辛的含量分别为100.5%、100.4%、100.3%、100.6%和100.2%,平均含量为100.4%,RSD为0.20%;高场核磁波谱仪测得样品中盐酸吡哆辛的含量分别为100.8%、100.6%、100.7%、101.0%和100.8%,平均含量为100.8%,RSD为0.20%。结果表明,低场和高场核磁定量试验的重复性均较好。
取“2.3”项下浓度为20 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液,按“2.2”项下试验条件,分别在0、8、12 h进行高场核磁氢谱测定,计算溶液中盐酸吡哆辛的含量分别为100.8%、100.8%和100.8%,表明溶液在室温放置12 h稳定。
本品高效液相色谱纯度为100.0%,按照质量平衡法公式,本品含量=(100.0%-炽灼残渣%-干燥失重%)×HPLC纯度=(100%-0.04%-0%)×100.0%=100.0%,台式核磁共振定量法得到的结果为100.4%(RSD=0.20%,n=5),高场核磁共振定量法的结果为100.8%(RSD=0.20%,n=5),与质量平衡法结果基本一致。
低场和高场的核磁谱图信号峰的化学位移基本一致,但是由于低场核磁分辨率较低,在δ 4.0~5.0之间的样品峰和氘代水残留的水峰重叠,而高场核磁谱图能够将2组峰分离,并且具有较高信噪比和较小的半峰宽。在用台式核磁定量遇到核磁谱图重叠的情况时,需要找到一个分离较好的单独定量峰,其他重叠峰对定量结果的影响较小。
核磁共振采用内标法定量时,合适的内标物质和溶剂十分重要,直接影响定量结果的准确性。一般要求所选内标物质满足纯度高、化学惰性、易溶于所选溶剂等要求[16],同时选择与内标物质均具有高溶解度的氘代溶剂。本实验在测定盐酸吡哆辛含量初期,采用1,4-二硝基苯为内标,氘代DMSO为溶剂,发现内标和样品定量峰之间的距离大约为δ 0.3,经过计算发现定量的结果与质量平衡法相差较大;进一步分析发现,当2个定量峰位移之差小于δ 0.5时,2个定量峰达不到基线分离,积分结果相互干扰导致不准确,当应用低场核磁技术进行含量测定时,需要仔细选择合适的内标物,而在高场核磁共振技术中则无此限制。
为了解决内标与样品定量信号之间分离度的问题,使用马来酸为内标,氘代DMSO为溶剂,结果显示马来酸与样品峰之间基线不平,影响定量的准确性。最后选择氘代水为溶剂,马来酸为内标,内标和样品定量峰之间相差δ 1.77,同时马来酸内标峰和样品峰之间基线平稳,定量结果与质量平衡法、高场核磁定量结果比较,准确性较好。由此可见,在低场台式核磁定量中,由于其较低的分辨率,需特别注意内标和溶剂的选择。
核磁共振仪器参数的设置直接影响核磁定量的结果,最主要影响测定结果准确性的参数为纵向弛豫时间(T1)。本次实验分别通过台式核磁和高场核磁测定样品的T1,低场和高场核磁的T1分别为6.08 s和6.03 s,证明低场台式核磁测定的T1具有较高的准确性。由于定量试验中参数D1通常设定为不低于T1的5倍才可以保证大于99%的被激发原子回到基态[17-19],从而满足核磁共振定量的要求,所以本次实验D1设置为大于30 s。
通过手动比较高场核磁和台式核磁的半峰宽和信噪比,浓度在10~30 mg·mL-1范围内,低场核磁中样品定量峰的半峰宽约为δ 0.04~δ 0.07,高场核磁中样品的半峰宽约为低场的1/15。低场信噪比约为50:1~90:1,高场样品信噪比约为低场的100倍。
低场核磁共振仪与高场核磁共振仪均可用于盐酸吡多辛的含量测定,分析方法学验证试验结果表明2种方法均能够满足常规含量测定的要求,测定结果与质量平衡法基本一致。由于磁场强度原因,低场核磁共振仪的灵敏度与分辨率明显要劣于高场核磁共振仪,为了保证定量的准确性,在使用低场核磁共振仪进行测定时可能需要更高的样品称样量以及仔细选择内标物质来保证定量峰不互相干扰。同时,对于一些分子结构复杂的化合物,如果峰重叠严重,可能必须利用二维或解卷积技术来解决,或者使用高场核磁共振仪才可以准确定量。
但低场核磁共振仍然拥有轻便、易于维护、成本低以及操作简单等优点,使其在药物质量控制和新药研发等领域中有独特的应用前景,包括对相对简单化合物的质量监测、有机反应实时监测以及化学教育等。低场与高场核磁共振仪可以依据各自特点,综合使用,推动核磁技术在药物分析领域的发展和应用。
  • *中检院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-4-2)
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2024年第44卷第8期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2023-0663
  • 接收时间:2023-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-08-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11
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*中检院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-4-2)
作者信息
    1.烟台大学 药学院,烟台 264005
    2.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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