Article(id=1239184758765310582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0081, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706889600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773374269429, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1735574400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773374269429, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773374269429, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374269429, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239184752507408921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='12', pageStart='2011', pageEnd='2188', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773374267937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374446543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2114, endPage=2126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239184758979220100, articleId=1239184758765310582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Determination of 28 elements in Xianzhuli under different processes by microwave digestion and ICP-MS*, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To determine the contents of 28 elements in Xianzhuli under processes of dry distillation and fire preparation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluate the rationality of the current temperature used in the dry distillation process as well as whether the preparation process of commercial samples conforms to the traditional or modern one.

Methods:

The samples of Xianzhuli were pre-treated with nitric acid before microwave digestion. The contents of 28 elements in 59 batches of Xianzhuli samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the methodology was investigated.

Results:

The standard curve of 28 elements had a good linear relationship with r≥0.999 2. The detection limits were 0.007 1-1.249 5 ng·mL-1, the RSDs for precision, repeatability and repeatability tests were 0.30%-3.5%, 0.69%-6.4% and 1.1%-3.3%, respectively and the recovery rates were 88.6%-105.5% with RSDs ranged from 1.0% to 3.2%. The contents of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Rb in 59 batches of Xianzhuli were high, and the contents of heavy metal elements did not exceed the limit requirements. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples prepared by dry distillation and fire preparation were clustered into one class. By principal component analysis, 7 principal components were obtained, and the cumulative variance rate was 75.6%. Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Rb, Cd, Ba, Tl and Pb were identified as the characteristic elements of Xianzhuli.

Conclusion:

Based on the contents of beneficial and harmful elements, it is found that the contents of toxic and harmful elements in the sample processed with 160 ℃ dry distillation are lower than processed with fire preparation. And the contents of beneficial elements are similar in two kinds of samples. This temperature is consistent with the dry distillation process temperature approved by provincial drug regulatory authorities for currently certified enterprises. Most of the commercially available samples meet the requirements of traditional or modern processes, and a few may have quality differences due to different processes. The determination and analysis of heavy metals and other elements in Xianzhuli under different processes can provided scientific basis for safe production and rational use of Xianzhuli.

, correspAuthors=Hui-zheng FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Di ZHU, Yuan-liang WANG, Qi REN, Xiao-wu XIAO, Liang CHANG, Shu-qing LANG, Can-can LI, Hui-zheng FU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239184763580371710, articleId=1239184758765310582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=微波消解-ICP-MS法测定不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素含量*, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)测定鲜竹沥中28种元素的含量,考察干馏和火制2种不同工艺的鲜竹沥元素分布情况,并评价企业目前干馏工艺温度的合理性以及市售样品的制备工艺是否符合传统或现代工艺。

方法:

采用硝酸对鲜竹沥样品进行微波消解前处理,用ICP-MS法测定59批鲜竹沥样品中28种元素含量,并进行方法学考察,结合聚类分析和主成分分析对测定结果进行分析。

结果:

28种元素标准曲线的线性关系良好,r≥0.999 2,检测限在0.007 1~1.249 5 ng·mL-1,精密度RSD在0.30%~3.5%,重复性RSD在0.69%~6.4%,稳定性RSD在1.1%~3.3%,回收率在88.6%~105.5%,RSD在1.0%~3.2%。59批鲜竹沥中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb元素含量较高,重金属元素含量均未超过限度要求。聚类分析结果显示,干馏法和火制法2种工艺制备的样品聚为一类。主成分分析得到7个主成分,累计方差率达75.6%。确定Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Rb、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb元素为鲜竹沥的特征元素。

结论:

综合有益和有害元素的含量发现,干馏160 ℃样品的有毒有害元素含量低于火制法,有益元素含量与火制法相近,该温度与目前经省级药监局认证的企业干馏工艺温度一致。市售样品大部分符合传统或现代工艺的要求,少数可能因工艺不同产生质量差异。通过对不同工艺鲜竹沥中重金属及其他元素的测定和分析,为鲜竹沥的安全生产和合理使用提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=付辉政, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(791)88158676;E-mail:
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Tel:15223464269;E-mail:

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Endem Dis Bull200924(1):81, articleTitle=Trace element barium and human health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218786318995942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=42, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=45, authorNames=张桂妹, 何汝汝, 吴润燕, journalName=微量元素与健康研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张桂妹,何汝汝,吴润燕,等. 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定6种止咳化痰类中草药中的微量元素[J]. 微量元素与健康研究201431(2):42, articleTitle=火焰原子吸收光谱法测定6种止咳化痰类中草药中的微量元素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218786415464938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=42, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=46, authorNames=ZHANG GM, HE RR, WU RY, journalName=Stud Trace Elem Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG GMHE RRWU RY,et al. 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Determination of metal elements in traditional Chinese medicine of reducing phlegm and relieving cough[J]. Chin J Spectrosc Lab201128(5):2555, articleTitle=Determination of metal elements in traditional Chinese medicine of reducing phlegm and relieving cough, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239218781009006853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, awardId=(20223AAG2020), language=CN, fundingSource=*江西省重大科技研发专项“揭榜挂帅”企业需求类项目((20223AAG2020)), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239218771936727916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239218771945116526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, companyId=1239218771936727916, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239218771953505134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, companyId=1239218771936727916, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239218772054168439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239218772062557049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, companyId=1239218772054168439, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang 330029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239218772070945658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, companyId=1239218772054168439, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江西省药品检验检测研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,江西省药品与医疗器械质量工程技术研究中心,南昌 330029)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239218778001690806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cluster analysis tree diagram of 59 batches of Xianzhuli samples, figureFileSmall=ZFahv1KrYUU/b8n0y3vPyA==, figureFileBig=COCpuEWlCBXCofmgKsb0wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218778165268668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=图1, caption=59批鲜竹沥样品聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=ZFahv1KrYUU/b8n0y3vPyA==, figureFileBig=COCpuEWlCBXCofmgKsb0wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218778274320578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The sample of Xianzhuli

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(No.)厂家(manufacturer)批号(lot No.)序号(No.)厂家(manufacturer)批号(lot No.)
S1A干馏120 ℃(dry distillation 120 ℃)S31F20211001
S2干馏140 ℃(dry distillation 140 ℃)S3220211002
S3干馏160 ℃(dry distillation 160 ℃)S3320211003
S4干馏180 ℃(dry distillation 180 ℃)S3420220101
S5干馏200 ℃(dry distillation 200 ℃)S3520220601
S6火制1号(fire preparation 1)S36G221260
S7火制2号(fire preparation 2)S37230657
S8火制3号(fire preparation 3)S38230658
S9火制4号(fire preparation 4)S39230659
S10火制5号(fire preparation 5)S40230660
S11火制6号(fire preparation 6)S41230661
S12火制7号(fire preparation 7)S42H20230104
S13火制8号(fire preparation 8)S4320230306
S14火制9号(fire preparation 9)S44I230106
S15火制10号(fire preparation 10)S45221001
S16B20230515S46221208
S17C230314S47221209
S18230315S48230108
S19230316S49230404
S20230317S50J230123
S21230318S51221202
S22230230S52K230110
S23D230804S53L221110
S24230805S54M230401
S25230806S55230402
S26230807S56230404
S27230808S57230711
S28E2203301S58230803
S292203302S59230804
S302203303
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778349818054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鲜竹沥样品

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(No.)厂家(manufacturer)批号(lot No.)序号(No.)厂家(manufacturer)批号(lot No.)
S1A干馏120 ℃(dry distillation 120 ℃)S31F20211001
S2干馏140 ℃(dry distillation 140 ℃)S3220211002
S3干馏160 ℃(dry distillation 160 ℃)S3320211003
S4干馏180 ℃(dry distillation 180 ℃)S3420220101
S5干馏200 ℃(dry distillation 200 ℃)S3520220601
S6火制1号(fire preparation 1)S36G221260
S7火制2号(fire preparation 2)S37230657
S8火制3号(fire preparation 3)S38230658
S9火制4号(fire preparation 4)S39230659
S10火制5号(fire preparation 5)S40230660
S11火制6号(fire preparation 6)S41230661
S12火制7号(fire preparation 7)S42H20230104
S13火制8号(fire preparation 8)S4320230306
S14火制9号(fire preparation 9)S44I230106
S15火制10号(fire preparation 10)S45221001
S16B20230515S46221208
S17C230314S47221209
S18230315S48230108
S19230316S49230404
S20230317S50J230123
S21230318S51221202
S22230230S52K230110
S23D230804S53L221110
S24230805S54M230401
S25230806S55230402
S26230807S56230404
S27230808S57230711
S28E2203301S58230803
S292203302S59230804
S302203303
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778463064265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear relationship and detection limit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r检测限(detection limit)/(ng·mL-1
Li Y=26.5X+500.999 30.062 4
Be Y=30.6X0.999 30.008 8
Na Y=152.4X+8 2630.999 61.249 5
Mg Y=76.87X+2700.999 60.367 7
Al Y=23.62X+1200.999 90.208 8
K Y=49.19X+6 6550.999 80.372 9
Ca Y=1.3X+13.330.999 40.296 1
V Y=962X+13.330.999 90.008 6
Cr Y=1 235X+1200.999 90.068 8
Mn Y=541.6X+136.70.999 90.097 1
Fe Y=950.1X+9 199.540.999 20.238 0
Co Y=2 177X+400.999 90.007 1
Ni Y=590.8X+1 103.411.0000.167 0
Cu Y=1 664X+246.70.999 90.065 4
Zn Y=223.3X+3 105.70.999 50.124 1
Ga Y=282.97X+6.671.0000.042 7
As Y=185.15X+100.999 90.063 2
Se Y=7.99X1.0000.086 7
Rb Y=444X+401.0000.062 1
Sr Y=614.77X+276.681.0000.091 2
Ag Y=2 729.39X+86.671.0000.044 1
Cd Y=346.43X+3.331.0000.012 7
Cs Y=1 401.49X+46.670.999 90.011 6
Ba Y=286.13X+270.010.999 80.090 5
Hg Y=495.35X+101.0000.016 7
Tl Y=4 866.15X+46.670.999 90.009 2
Pb Y=3 377.56X+3 197.161.0000.061 7
U Y=616.11X+300.999 90.013 3
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778567921870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

线性关系与检测限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r检测限(detection limit)/(ng·mL-1
Li Y=26.5X+500.999 30.062 4
Be Y=30.6X0.999 30.008 8
Na Y=152.4X+8 2630.999 61.249 5
Mg Y=76.87X+2700.999 60.367 7
Al Y=23.62X+1200.999 90.208 8
K Y=49.19X+6 6550.999 80.372 9
Ca Y=1.3X+13.330.999 40.296 1
V Y=962X+13.330.999 90.008 6
Cr Y=1 235X+1200.999 90.068 8
Mn Y=541.6X+136.70.999 90.097 1
Fe Y=950.1X+9 199.540.999 20.238 0
Co Y=2 177X+400.999 90.007 1
Ni Y=590.8X+1 103.411.0000.167 0
Cu Y=1 664X+246.70.999 90.065 4
Zn Y=223.3X+3 105.70.999 50.124 1
Ga Y=282.97X+6.671.0000.042 7
As Y=185.15X+100.999 90.063 2
Se Y=7.99X1.0000.086 7
Rb Y=444X+401.0000.062 1
Sr Y=614.77X+276.681.0000.091 2
Ag Y=2 729.39X+86.671.0000.044 1
Cd Y=346.43X+3.331.0000.012 7
Cs Y=1 401.49X+46.670.999 90.011 6
Ba Y=286.13X+270.010.999 80.090 5
Hg Y=495.35X+101.0000.016 7
Tl Y=4 866.15X+46.670.999 90.009 2
Pb Y=3 377.56X+3 197.161.0000.061 7
U Y=616.11X+300.999 90.013 3
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778685362387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Recovery rates and RSD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
加入量
(added)/ng
测得量
(detected)/ng
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
Li400385.0496.02.1
Be400369.5692.43.2
Na20 00043 770.92102.31.1
Mg400812.02101.11.9
Al400398.9797.02.7
K40 00084 859.41104.41.0
Ca400470.1298.91.3
V400404.11101.02.3
Cr400382.1395.32.8
Mn400550.6693.91.2
Fe400393.4192.12.2
Co400405.25101.32.3
Ni400409.70102.31.4
Cu400395.0297.82.6
Zn400413.6089.61.5
Ga400413.48103.41.9
As400387.9597.01.7
Se400376.6594.01.9
Rb400410.0597.82.1
Sr400420.93104.91.1
Ag400384.2896.01.7
Cd400396.1499.01.6
Cs400374.6293.62.3
Ba400424.82105.51.7
Hg0.20.2199.22.4
Tl400365.5691.41.0
Pb400355.2488.62.7
U400382.7395.72.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778832163037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回收率和RSD(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
加入量
(added)/ng
测得量
(detected)/ng
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
Li400385.0496.02.1
Be400369.5692.43.2
Na20 00043 770.92102.31.1
Mg400812.02101.11.9
Al400398.9797.02.7
K40 00084 859.41104.41.0
Ca400470.1298.91.3
V400404.11101.02.3
Cr400382.1395.32.8
Mn400550.6693.91.2
Fe400393.4192.12.2
Co400405.25101.32.3
Ni400409.70102.31.4
Cu400395.0297.82.6
Zn400413.6089.61.5
Ga400413.48103.41.9
As400387.9597.01.7
Se400376.6594.01.9
Rb400410.0597.82.1
Sr400420.93104.91.1
Ag400384.2896.01.7
Cd400396.1499.01.6
Cs400374.6293.62.3
Ba400424.82105.51.7
Hg0.20.2199.22.4
Tl400365.5691.41.0
Pb400355.2488.62.7
U400382.7395.72.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239218779947847903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of content determination of samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9
Li1.352.061.031.541.412.181.221.990.96
Be---------
Na28 463.6780 308.23130 869.3016 688.6017 960.1859 508.2351 243.8946 672.2053 462.54
Mg176.981 055.46828.831 375.751 689.27600.45923.10811.07802.01
Al25.1920.0819.9159.9392.8520.4443.1621.1422.55
K40 916.5267 841.2457 267.0746 929.3157 251.9556 942.9578 205.4986 439.9270 370.26
Ca60.7479.92110.37191.81127.87115.09115.09151.07172.63
V0.090.310.120.190.140.070.060.060.03
Cr4.0449.5912.1429.5522.131.840.991.641.85
Mn51.10304.06137.94297.46290.13157.32235.15352.59281.67
Fe2 097.345 661.774 477.686 595.494 869.8338.4951.2050.0947.25
Co0.200.530.370.550.500.130.100.050.06
Ni-5.301.395.674.84--0.990.91
Cu2.050.480.680.490.254.515.997.617.82
Zn16.4531.7754.9249.6343.2479.60107.00112.86111.63
Ga-0.06--0.07----
As0.270.550.340.270.350.160.200.070.16
Se0.821.37-0.500.91-0.460.360.91
Rb8.4322.6618.0025.7631.9348.9059.8837.9236.23
Sr1.071.831.973.903.391.862.382.492.64
Ag-------0.190.22
Cd0.020.110.200.370.330.230.230.370.47
Cs0.030.090.110.100.110.200.290.120.13
Ba1.925.164.759.6810.925.227.206.245.84
Hg0.030.02-0.020.03-0.050.030.02
Tl--0.030.010.010.010.01--
Pb0.970.961.141.471.171.151.721.321.24
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S10S11S12S13S14S15S16S17S18
Li1.542.252.120.901.861.861.282.442.25
Be0.020.05--0.04----
Na85 092.3170 054.7051 039.4750 946.0435 597.1554 575.2332 520.3542 875.7937 882.58
Mg332.96558.02644.73873.55821.30648.152 539.911 836.451 428.72
Al4.5813.9218.6828.1916.5619.0348.989.5114.62
K50 115.8561 824.7859 543.1690 484.7585 173.1667 353.17178 340.0681 121.5360 880.04
Ca57.5495.90111.89143.8660.7479.9299.10191.81127.87
V0.220.050.030.050.070.110.360.070.10
Cr0.792.811.681.831.273.6159.080.085.34
Mn74.7280.39122.38205.73179.71181.66658.71189.07109.03
Fe20.9086.42136.71276.1946.43110.531 974.8988.32590.48
Co0.250.080.100.070.110.182.030.040.11
Ni--1.19--15.8663.8112.5038.66
Cu2.857.465.818.067.564.673.191.971.82
Zn47.2951.4293.40110.43101.3590.44106.5418.8815.95
Ga---0.050.100.140.09--
As0.350.120.200.090.230.250.320.200.18
Se0.940.461.030.910.580.830.161.360.73
Rb34.1745.8454.8562.8666.6947.84138.1429.7525.06
Sr1.141.502.142.521.921.644.4211.4310.00
Ag-0.08-------
Cd0.370.230.420.290.330.430.390.120.14
Cs0.340.210.250.230.280.253.820.110.10
Ba3.254.005.188.327.574.879.418.058.53
Hg------0.060.07-
Tl0.18-0.010.010.040.080.030.010.01
Pb1.271.741.902.211.681.53-0.620.85
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S19S20S21S22S23S24S25S26S27
Li1.992.702.632.702.120.772.572.832.12
Be---------
Na36 628.1239 099.3439 680.2039 384.8428 115.6721 506.2521 571.5619 268.9620 060.41
Mg1 695.781 698.751 783.111 874.64634.06561.31499.69408.31447.89
Al4.0524.3132.0615.6815.864.5810.2214.8012.16
K52 252.5059 205.4954 158.7147 567.2624 527.5524 518.8826 038.9222 889.2326 630.88
Ca115.09115.09131.07172.6357.54111.89111.8947.9592.70
V0.070.060.100.040.260.360.350.330.27
Cr0.250.510.450.430.860.870.650.540.25
Mn183.97211.63313.7612.6566.0383.7975.6654.7778.13
Fe34.6527.29113.5329.67111.7382.49119.0593.07228.86
Co0.020.070.030.050.050.020.050.050.04
Ni4.277.5211.085.272.8021.2411.718.283.67
Cu1.201.362.241.501.480.961.361.142.10
Zn15.2515.4622.3020.7220.9914.2417.9217.5719.15
Ga---------
As0.080.070.230.14-0.08--0.07
Se0.310.911.370.270.910.82-0.460.83
Rb22.2624.6522.737.3515.1515.6416.5515.3417.11
Sr12.6312.8615.3913.491.771.501.591.411.94
Ag--------0.06
Cd0.190.200.220.080.050.080.110.100.09
Cs0.080.080.080.080.110.120.140.120.14
Ba11.0811.1815.1718.183.462.922.973.102.80
Hg---------
Tl0.010.010.02------
Pb0.460.520.993.730.450.340.500.650.63
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S28S29S30S31S32S33S34S35S36
Li1.992.382.311.611.801.543.271.932.18
Be---------
Na46 009.2249 019.5147 998.4228 203.2328 378.6629 154.7835 533.9940 975.8944 765.42
Mg676.77839.70922.954 685.314 806.635 060.254 858.686 110.95734.14
Al32.5945.2839.6421.3230.4858.6726.2543.347.40
K43 285.6442 923.2850 952.94169 932.33171 756.08182 154.98204 361.76198 324.0533 664.22
Ca60.74143.86118.28191.81287.71258.94230.17265.3399.10
V0.110.140.190.070.050.140.040.100.49
Cr1.090.360.491.040.941.081.475.871.74
Mn42.7360.0373.80688.59688.97736.48654.05713.28111.58
Fe128.10117.41162.76439.39429.02503.29279.051 403.1270.54
Co0.090.150.160.230.300.270.240.550.10
Ni14.9637.049.355.1988.0726.9721.5118.8824.94
Cu0.190.900.803.192.542.904.758.692.91
Zn73.02123.6086.14145.51145.02172.03291.41187.0834.03
Ga-----0.06---
As0.110.090.180.14-0.160.120.09-
Se0.371.230.460.521.820.460.91-0.71
Rb34.5236.4940.46244.54248.28261.65279.25298.4926.00
Sr1.722.142.428.418.889.559.3711.722.12
Ag---------
Cd0.100.080.060.750.900.910.490.620.16
Cs0.360.310.342.983.213.295.3119.370.24
Ba13.5515.2217.6121.0023.0624.2718.2823.592.96
Hg---0.020.060.02---
Tl0.050.050.040.030.020.040.040.04-
Pb0.270.330.291.761.921.891.751.730.27
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S37S38S39S40S41S42S43S44S45
Li3.601.862.182.953.473.793.152.253.15
Be0.02-------0.08
Na39 714.0233 979.5237 322.5436 103.0338 641.3230 367.7427 016.5072 457.1269 186.00
Mg333.99359.82470.64439.77454.78706.901 416.222 567.784 057.66
Al10.0425.7220.9715.1526.078.634.2331.7134.18
K31 885.3033 248.1533 985.8734 312.9034 091.9135 155.5458 981.02199 363.49248 083.80
Ca290.91249.35278.12278.12319.6879.92127.87255.75316.48
V1.181.191.121.061.020.620.600.110.08
Cr0.730.320.310.290.310.610.437.818.49
Mn73.6680.8180.3662.2753.63152.58221.66407.71646.39
Fe61.36128.57186.5777.6087.68146.98482.362 296.862 998.08
Co0.030.040.050.080.040.060.110.200.35
Ni18.277.9210.6321.73-2.370.843.8110.19
Cu0.840.740.811.630.661.69282.300.570.52
Zn22.5031.0929.7129.6521.9727.62233.5492.93131.67
Ga---------
As-0.090.120.110.12--0.200.28
Se1.820.310.600.740.910.811.820.580.91
Rb21.3421.8125.7420.3525.6636.2638.21119.94185.43
Sr10.089.6911.0010.099.572.103.439.6515.64
Ag------0.13--
Cd0.100.12-0.070.050.150.200.430.97
Cs0.130.080.100.090.700.320.200.581.14
Ba3.054.293.564.433.323.914.9612.3021.55
Hg---------
Tl0.010.020.010.010.01--0.040.07
Pb0.320.430.250.460.350.7416.430.963.20
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S46S47S48S49S50S51S52S53S54
Li1.612.312.442.832.631.933.213.023.15
Be---------
Na58 479.2770 730.2370 221.9053 096.4331 478.0030 532.5477 385.0225 059.4748 146.97
Mg3 252.752 429.242 679.481 650.76305.30430.173 477.753 836.744 970.67
Al29.4232.9527.3132.776.8717.0922.7328.5443.16
K224 870.07187 207.63197 926.79178 923.919 088.6225 879.67268 762.99122 712.4313 119.19
Ca242.96236.56220.58214.19163.04281.32303.69441.16613.79
V0.040.090.10.110.030.030.140.060.13
Cr7.156.537.733.970.040.371.140.70.6
Mn451.54410.44407.95264.238.018.63446.321 356.24229.27
Fe1 962.581 361.232 155.91831.6616.77435.08108.53186.41216.2
Co0.230.210.250.130.020.050.220.130.14
Ni4.356.756.837.827.595.0848.491.1
Cu0.791.210.450.870.731.281.141.450.59
Zn107.0582.9488.7552.012.2425.31139.57129.42100.42
Ga-------0.05-
As0.110.230.250.09-0.050.140.230.25
Se2.281.370.870.440.910.460.720.342.28
Rb152.76108.42113.5373.972.724.13183.57189.09320.5
Sr10.558.328.925.914.746.569.117.9716.45
Ag---------
Cd0.730.430.310.28--0.680.831.69
Cs0.850.590.640.360.040.080.783.180.83
Ba12.959.97118.831.82.9111.716.1355.21
Hg-----0.070.02--
Tl0.050.030.040.02--0.060.030.2
Pb1.320.840.960.760.250.410.632.130.62
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S55S56S57S58S59
Li3.722.181.804.301.99
Be-----
Na47 015.2645 902.8945 388.2345 877.3341 885.82
Mg4 348.594 669.074 091.794 527.544 362.47
Al19.3816.3820.9731.3623.61
K294 833.46292 590.68314 026.32319 460.84329 453.79
Ca578.62476.33543.46476.33441.16
V0.040.040.060.110.06
Cr0.450.230.770.960.33
Mn204.53219.34364.32305.75350.81
Fe147.74166.98358.44165.93125.74
Co0.090.110.160.130.12
Ni1.912.5341.384.168.81
Cu0.280.290.520.490.11
Zn92.9399.3096.2992.1893.69
Ga-----
As0.160.210.250.180.20
Se0.360.910.28-0.36
Rb308.48310.90332.72351.39345.10
Sr14.8714.9814.4413.6013.85
Ag-----
Cd1.491.561.381.561.52
Cs0.880.790.650.920.79
Ba48.1850.2249.8545.1547.53
Hg--0.03--
Tl0.210.230.210.290.26
Pb0.370.491.671.550.85
U-----
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780090454244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

样品含量测定结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S1S2S3S4S5S6S7S8S9
Li1.352.061.031.541.412.181.221.990.96
Be---------
Na28 463.6780 308.23130 869.3016 688.6017 960.1859 508.2351 243.8946 672.2053 462.54
Mg176.981 055.46828.831 375.751 689.27600.45923.10811.07802.01
Al25.1920.0819.9159.9392.8520.4443.1621.1422.55
K40 916.5267 841.2457 267.0746 929.3157 251.9556 942.9578 205.4986 439.9270 370.26
Ca60.7479.92110.37191.81127.87115.09115.09151.07172.63
V0.090.310.120.190.140.070.060.060.03
Cr4.0449.5912.1429.5522.131.840.991.641.85
Mn51.10304.06137.94297.46290.13157.32235.15352.59281.67
Fe2 097.345 661.774 477.686 595.494 869.8338.4951.2050.0947.25
Co0.200.530.370.550.500.130.100.050.06
Ni-5.301.395.674.84--0.990.91
Cu2.050.480.680.490.254.515.997.617.82
Zn16.4531.7754.9249.6343.2479.60107.00112.86111.63
Ga-0.06--0.07----
As0.270.550.340.270.350.160.200.070.16
Se0.821.37-0.500.91-0.460.360.91
Rb8.4322.6618.0025.7631.9348.9059.8837.9236.23
Sr1.071.831.973.903.391.862.382.492.64
Ag-------0.190.22
Cd0.020.110.200.370.330.230.230.370.47
Cs0.030.090.110.100.110.200.290.120.13
Ba1.925.164.759.6810.925.227.206.245.84
Hg0.030.02-0.020.03-0.050.030.02
Tl--0.030.010.010.010.01--
Pb0.970.961.141.471.171.151.721.321.24
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S10S11S12S13S14S15S16S17S18
Li1.542.252.120.901.861.861.282.442.25
Be0.020.05--0.04----
Na85 092.3170 054.7051 039.4750 946.0435 597.1554 575.2332 520.3542 875.7937 882.58
Mg332.96558.02644.73873.55821.30648.152 539.911 836.451 428.72
Al4.5813.9218.6828.1916.5619.0348.989.5114.62
K50 115.8561 824.7859 543.1690 484.7585 173.1667 353.17178 340.0681 121.5360 880.04
Ca57.5495.90111.89143.8660.7479.9299.10191.81127.87
V0.220.050.030.050.070.110.360.070.10
Cr0.792.811.681.831.273.6159.080.085.34
Mn74.7280.39122.38205.73179.71181.66658.71189.07109.03
Fe20.9086.42136.71276.1946.43110.531 974.8988.32590.48
Co0.250.080.100.070.110.182.030.040.11
Ni--1.19--15.8663.8112.5038.66
Cu2.857.465.818.067.564.673.191.971.82
Zn47.2951.4293.40110.43101.3590.44106.5418.8815.95
Ga---0.050.100.140.09--
As0.350.120.200.090.230.250.320.200.18
Se0.940.461.030.910.580.830.161.360.73
Rb34.1745.8454.8562.8666.6947.84138.1429.7525.06
Sr1.141.502.142.521.921.644.4211.4310.00
Ag-0.08-------
Cd0.370.230.420.290.330.430.390.120.14
Cs0.340.210.250.230.280.253.820.110.10
Ba3.254.005.188.327.574.879.418.058.53
Hg------0.060.07-
Tl0.18-0.010.010.040.080.030.010.01
Pb1.271.741.902.211.681.53-0.620.85
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S19S20S21S22S23S24S25S26S27
Li1.992.702.632.702.120.772.572.832.12
Be---------
Na36 628.1239 099.3439 680.2039 384.8428 115.6721 506.2521 571.5619 268.9620 060.41
Mg1 695.781 698.751 783.111 874.64634.06561.31499.69408.31447.89
Al4.0524.3132.0615.6815.864.5810.2214.8012.16
K52 252.5059 205.4954 158.7147 567.2624 527.5524 518.8826 038.9222 889.2326 630.88
Ca115.09115.09131.07172.6357.54111.89111.8947.9592.70
V0.070.060.100.040.260.360.350.330.27
Cr0.250.510.450.430.860.870.650.540.25
Mn183.97211.63313.7612.6566.0383.7975.6654.7778.13
Fe34.6527.29113.5329.67111.7382.49119.0593.07228.86
Co0.020.070.030.050.050.020.050.050.04
Ni4.277.5211.085.272.8021.2411.718.283.67
Cu1.201.362.241.501.480.961.361.142.10
Zn15.2515.4622.3020.7220.9914.2417.9217.5719.15
Ga---------
As0.080.070.230.14-0.08--0.07
Se0.310.911.370.270.910.82-0.460.83
Rb22.2624.6522.737.3515.1515.6416.5515.3417.11
Sr12.6312.8615.3913.491.771.501.591.411.94
Ag--------0.06
Cd0.190.200.220.080.050.080.110.100.09
Cs0.080.080.080.080.110.120.140.120.14
Ba11.0811.1815.1718.183.462.922.973.102.80
Hg---------
Tl0.010.010.02------
Pb0.460.520.993.730.450.340.500.650.63
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S28S29S30S31S32S33S34S35S36
Li1.992.382.311.611.801.543.271.932.18
Be---------
Na46 009.2249 019.5147 998.4228 203.2328 378.6629 154.7835 533.9940 975.8944 765.42
Mg676.77839.70922.954 685.314 806.635 060.254 858.686 110.95734.14
Al32.5945.2839.6421.3230.4858.6726.2543.347.40
K43 285.6442 923.2850 952.94169 932.33171 756.08182 154.98204 361.76198 324.0533 664.22
Ca60.74143.86118.28191.81287.71258.94230.17265.3399.10
V0.110.140.190.070.050.140.040.100.49
Cr1.090.360.491.040.941.081.475.871.74
Mn42.7360.0373.80688.59688.97736.48654.05713.28111.58
Fe128.10117.41162.76439.39429.02503.29279.051 403.1270.54
Co0.090.150.160.230.300.270.240.550.10
Ni14.9637.049.355.1988.0726.9721.5118.8824.94
Cu0.190.900.803.192.542.904.758.692.91
Zn73.02123.6086.14145.51145.02172.03291.41187.0834.03
Ga-----0.06---
As0.110.090.180.14-0.160.120.09-
Se0.371.230.460.521.820.460.91-0.71
Rb34.5236.4940.46244.54248.28261.65279.25298.4926.00
Sr1.722.142.428.418.889.559.3711.722.12
Ag---------
Cd0.100.080.060.750.900.910.490.620.16
Cs0.360.310.342.983.213.295.3119.370.24
Ba13.5515.2217.6121.0023.0624.2718.2823.592.96
Hg---0.020.060.02---
Tl0.050.050.040.030.020.040.040.04-
Pb0.270.330.291.761.921.891.751.730.27
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S37S38S39S40S41S42S43S44S45
Li3.601.862.182.953.473.793.152.253.15
Be0.02-------0.08
Na39 714.0233 979.5237 322.5436 103.0338 641.3230 367.7427 016.5072 457.1269 186.00
Mg333.99359.82470.64439.77454.78706.901 416.222 567.784 057.66
Al10.0425.7220.9715.1526.078.634.2331.7134.18
K31 885.3033 248.1533 985.8734 312.9034 091.9135 155.5458 981.02199 363.49248 083.80
Ca290.91249.35278.12278.12319.6879.92127.87255.75316.48
V1.181.191.121.061.020.620.600.110.08
Cr0.730.320.310.290.310.610.437.818.49
Mn73.6680.8180.3662.2753.63152.58221.66407.71646.39
Fe61.36128.57186.5777.6087.68146.98482.362 296.862 998.08
Co0.030.040.050.080.040.060.110.200.35
Ni18.277.9210.6321.73-2.370.843.8110.19
Cu0.840.740.811.630.661.69282.300.570.52
Zn22.5031.0929.7129.6521.9727.62233.5492.93131.67
Ga---------
As-0.090.120.110.12--0.200.28
Se1.820.310.600.740.910.811.820.580.91
Rb21.3421.8125.7420.3525.6636.2638.21119.94185.43
Sr10.089.6911.0010.099.572.103.439.6515.64
Ag------0.13--
Cd0.100.12-0.070.050.150.200.430.97
Cs0.130.080.100.090.700.320.200.581.14
Ba3.054.293.564.433.323.914.9612.3021.55
Hg---------
Tl0.010.020.010.010.01--0.040.07
Pb0.320.430.250.460.350.7416.430.963.20
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S46S47S48S49S50S51S52S53S54
Li1.612.312.442.832.631.933.213.023.15
Be---------
Na58 479.2770 730.2370 221.9053 096.4331 478.0030 532.5477 385.0225 059.4748 146.97
Mg3 252.752 429.242 679.481 650.76305.30430.173 477.753 836.744 970.67
Al29.4232.9527.3132.776.8717.0922.7328.5443.16
K224 870.07187 207.63197 926.79178 923.919 088.6225 879.67268 762.99122 712.4313 119.19
Ca242.96236.56220.58214.19163.04281.32303.69441.16613.79
V0.040.090.10.110.030.030.140.060.13
Cr7.156.537.733.970.040.371.140.70.6
Mn451.54410.44407.95264.238.018.63446.321 356.24229.27
Fe1 962.581 361.232 155.91831.6616.77435.08108.53186.41216.2
Co0.230.210.250.130.020.050.220.130.14
Ni4.356.756.837.827.595.0848.491.1
Cu0.791.210.450.870.731.281.141.450.59
Zn107.0582.9488.7552.012.2425.31139.57129.42100.42
Ga-------0.05-
As0.110.230.250.09-0.050.140.230.25
Se2.281.370.870.440.910.460.720.342.28
Rb152.76108.42113.5373.972.724.13183.57189.09320.5
Sr10.558.328.925.914.746.569.117.9716.45
Ag---------
Cd0.730.430.310.28--0.680.831.69
Cs0.850.590.640.360.040.080.783.180.83
Ba12.959.97118.831.82.9111.716.1355.21
Hg-----0.070.02--
Tl0.050.030.040.02--0.060.030.2
Pb1.320.840.960.760.250.410.632.130.62
U---------
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
S55S56S57S58S59
Li3.722.181.804.301.99
Be-----
Na47 015.2645 902.8945 388.2345 877.3341 885.82
Mg4 348.594 669.074 091.794 527.544 362.47
Al19.3816.3820.9731.3623.61
K294 833.46292 590.68314 026.32319 460.84329 453.79
Ca578.62476.33543.46476.33441.16
V0.040.040.060.110.06
Cr0.450.230.770.960.33
Mn204.53219.34364.32305.75350.81
Fe147.74166.98358.44165.93125.74
Co0.090.110.160.130.12
Ni1.912.5341.384.168.81
Cu0.280.290.520.490.11
Zn92.9399.3096.2992.1893.69
Ga-----
As0.160.210.250.180.20
Se0.360.910.28-0.36
Rb308.48310.90332.72351.39345.10
Sr14.8714.9814.4413.6013.85
Ag-----
Cd1.491.561.381.561.52
Cs0.880.790.650.920.79
Ba48.1850.2249.8545.1547.53
Hg--0.03--
Tl0.210.230.210.290.26
Pb0.370.491.671.550.85
U-----
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780212089065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The average content of each element under different processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
干馏
(dry distillation)(S1~S5)
火制
(fire preparation)(S6~S15)
Li1.481.69
Be-0.04
Na54 858.0055 819.18
Mg1 025.26701.53
Al43.5920.82
K54 041.2270 645.35
Ca114.14110.37
V0.170.07
Cr23.491.83
Mn216.14187.13
Fe4 740.4286.42
Co0.430.11
Ni4.304.74
Cu0.796.23
Zn39.2090.54
Ga0.060.10
As0.350.18
Se0.900.72
Rb21.3649.52
Sr2.432.02
Ag-0.16
Cd0.210.34
Cs0.090.23
Ba6.495.77
Hg0.030.03
Tl0.020.05
Pb1.141.58
U--
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780325335279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同工艺下各元素的平均含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
含量(content)/(ng·mL-1
干馏
(dry distillation)(S1~S5)
火制
(fire preparation)(S6~S15)
Li1.481.69
Be-0.04
Na54 858.0055 819.18
Mg1 025.26701.53
Al43.5920.82
K54 041.2270 645.35
Ca114.14110.37
V0.170.07
Cr23.491.83
Mn216.14187.13
Fe4 740.4286.42
Co0.430.11
Ni4.304.74
Cu0.796.23
Zn39.2090.54
Ga0.060.10
As0.350.18
Se0.900.72
Rb21.3649.52
Sr2.432.02
Ag-0.16
Cd0.210.34
Cs0.090.23
Ba6.495.77
Hg0.030.03
Tl0.020.05
Pb1.141.58
U--
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780434387185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Eigenvalues,variance contribution rate of principal component factors

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主成分
(principal) commponent)
特征值
(eigenvalue)
贡献率
(contribution rate)/%
累积贡献率
(cumulative contribution rate)/%
17.59827.1327.13
24.19414.9842.11
32.7679.8852.00
42.1327.6159.61
51.6485.8865.49
61.5455.5271.01
71.2854.5975.60
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780539244789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

主成分因子的特征值及方差贡献率

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主成分
(principal) commponent)
特征值
(eigenvalue)
贡献率
(contribution rate)/%
累积贡献率
(cumulative contribution rate)/%
17.59827.1327.13
24.19414.9842.11
32.7679.8852.00
42.1327.6159.61
51.6485.8865.49
61.5455.5271.01
71.2854.5975.60
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780623130872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

The component matrix

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元素
(element)
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6PC7
Li0.226-0.55-0.0260.0910.3750.273-0.2
Be0.2120.076-0.2730.3790.250.275-0.215
Na0.0820.115-0.107-0.6620.049-0.114-0.246
Mg0.9510.0150.120.143-0.026-0.059-0.1
Al0.3520.574-0.0320.1020.105-0.074-0.048
K0.94-0.05-0.01-0.1560.001-0.0390.039
Ca0.809-0.327-0.146-0.0060.1780.0240.153
V-0.343-0.204-0.0470.2920.4750.297-0.027
Cr0.0360.856-0.019-0.0570.3440.0280.04
Mn0.6330.3350.3050.221-0.098-0.059-0.206
Fe0.0420.704-0.048-0.2560.452-0.123-0.132
Co0.2420.8130.0880.1550.1490.0260.015
Ni0.2310.3020.040.628-0.0510.1240.331
Cu-0.097-0.1790.851-0.1130.290.1580.044
Zn0.5740.0910.6580.021-0.172-0.008-0.189
Ga0.0120.5890.087-0.105-0.3190.6120.07
As-0.274-0.6220.2040.547-0.171-0.057-0.002
Se0.014-0.1210.242-0.0430.410.2070.386
Rb0.969-0.0850.0490.033-0.111-0.015-0.008
Sr0.694-0.322-0.1980.1350.2850.0430.04
Ag-0.188-0.1190.585-0.237-0.143-0.2810.2
Cd-0.9240.1330.0220.1930.072-0.034-0.157
Cs-0.432-0.203-0.238-0.4180.1910.1130.483
Ba-0.90.2040.1280.0980.004-0.009-0.148
Hg0.0640.4380.0770.257-0.08-0.280.622
Tl-0.7520.2340.2180.3440.053-0.126-0.165
Pb0.012-0.1320.872-0.1630.2350.135-0.013
U0.061-0.147-0.0150.1790.428-0.771-0.036
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780757348603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184758765310582, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

主成分载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6PC7
Li0.226-0.55-0.0260.0910.3750.273-0.2
Be0.2120.076-0.2730.3790.250.275-0.215
Na0.0820.115-0.107-0.6620.049-0.114-0.246
Mg0.9510.0150.120.143-0.026-0.059-0.1
Al0.3520.574-0.0320.1020.105-0.074-0.048
K0.94-0.05-0.01-0.1560.001-0.0390.039
Ca0.809-0.327-0.146-0.0060.1780.0240.153
V-0.343-0.204-0.0470.2920.4750.297-0.027
Cr0.0360.856-0.019-0.0570.3440.0280.04
Mn0.6330.3350.3050.221-0.098-0.059-0.206
Fe0.0420.704-0.048-0.2560.452-0.123-0.132
Co0.2420.8130.0880.1550.1490.0260.015
Ni0.2310.3020.040.628-0.0510.1240.331
Cu-0.097-0.1790.851-0.1130.290.1580.044
Zn0.5740.0910.6580.021-0.172-0.008-0.189
Ga0.0120.5890.087-0.105-0.3190.6120.07
As-0.274-0.6220.2040.547-0.171-0.057-0.002
Se0.014-0.1210.242-0.0430.410.2070.386
Rb0.969-0.0850.0490.033-0.111-0.015-0.008
Sr0.694-0.322-0.1980.1350.2850.0430.04
Ag-0.188-0.1190.585-0.237-0.143-0.2810.2
Cd-0.9240.1330.0220.1930.072-0.034-0.157
Cs-0.432-0.203-0.238-0.4180.1910.1130.483
Ba-0.90.2040.1280.0980.004-0.009-0.148
Hg0.0640.4380.0770.257-0.08-0.280.622
Tl-0.7520.2340.2180.3440.053-0.126-0.165
Pb0.012-0.1320.872-0.1630.2350.135-0.013
U0.061-0.147-0.0150.1790.428-0.771-0.036
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微波消解-ICP-MS法测定不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素含量*
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朱迪 1, 2 , 汪元亮 2 , 任琦 2 , 肖小武 2 , 常亮 2 , 郎淑琴 1, 2 , 李灿灿 1, 2 , 付辉政 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(12): 2114-2126
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(12): 2114-2126
微波消解-ICP-MS法测定不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素含量*
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朱迪1, 2 , 汪元亮2, 任琦2, 肖小武2, 常亮2, 郎淑琴1, 2, 李灿灿1, 2, 付辉政2, **
作者信息
  • 1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004
  • 2.江西省药品检验检测研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,江西省药品与医疗器械质量工程技术研究中心,南昌 330029
  • Tel:15223464269;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:(791)88158676;E-mail:
Determination of 28 elements in Xianzhuli under different processes by microwave digestion and ICP-MS*
Di ZHU1, 2 , Yuan-liang WANG2, Qi REN2, Xiao-wu XIAO2, Liang CHANG2, Shu-qing LANG1, 2, Can-can LI1, 2, Hui-zheng FU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • 2. Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, Nanchang 330029, China
出版时间: 2024-12-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0081
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目的:

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS法)测定鲜竹沥中28种元素的含量,考察干馏和火制2种不同工艺的鲜竹沥元素分布情况,并评价企业目前干馏工艺温度的合理性以及市售样品的制备工艺是否符合传统或现代工艺。

方法:

采用硝酸对鲜竹沥样品进行微波消解前处理,用ICP-MS法测定59批鲜竹沥样品中28种元素含量,并进行方法学考察,结合聚类分析和主成分分析对测定结果进行分析。

结果:

28种元素标准曲线的线性关系良好,r≥0.999 2,检测限在0.007 1~1.249 5 ng·mL-1,精密度RSD在0.30%~3.5%,重复性RSD在0.69%~6.4%,稳定性RSD在1.1%~3.3%,回收率在88.6%~105.5%,RSD在1.0%~3.2%。59批鲜竹沥中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb元素含量较高,重金属元素含量均未超过限度要求。聚类分析结果显示,干馏法和火制法2种工艺制备的样品聚为一类。主成分分析得到7个主成分,累计方差率达75.6%。确定Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Rb、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb元素为鲜竹沥的特征元素。

结论:

综合有益和有害元素的含量发现,干馏160 ℃样品的有毒有害元素含量低于火制法,有益元素含量与火制法相近,该温度与目前经省级药监局认证的企业干馏工艺温度一致。市售样品大部分符合传统或现代工艺的要求,少数可能因工艺不同产生质量差异。通过对不同工艺鲜竹沥中重金属及其他元素的测定和分析,为鲜竹沥的安全生产和合理使用提供了科学依据。

鲜竹沥  /  干馏和火制  /  微波消解  /  电感耦合等离子体质谱  /  元素
Objective:

To determine the contents of 28 elements in Xianzhuli under processes of dry distillation and fire preparation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluate the rationality of the current temperature used in the dry distillation process as well as whether the preparation process of commercial samples conforms to the traditional or modern one.

Methods:

The samples of Xianzhuli were pre-treated with nitric acid before microwave digestion. The contents of 28 elements in 59 batches of Xianzhuli samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the methodology was investigated.

Results:

The standard curve of 28 elements had a good linear relationship with r≥0.999 2. The detection limits were 0.007 1-1.249 5 ng·mL-1, the RSDs for precision, repeatability and repeatability tests were 0.30%-3.5%, 0.69%-6.4% and 1.1%-3.3%, respectively and the recovery rates were 88.6%-105.5% with RSDs ranged from 1.0% to 3.2%. The contents of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Rb in 59 batches of Xianzhuli were high, and the contents of heavy metal elements did not exceed the limit requirements. The results of cluster analysis showed that the samples prepared by dry distillation and fire preparation were clustered into one class. By principal component analysis, 7 principal components were obtained, and the cumulative variance rate was 75.6%. Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Rb, Cd, Ba, Tl and Pb were identified as the characteristic elements of Xianzhuli.

Conclusion:

Based on the contents of beneficial and harmful elements, it is found that the contents of toxic and harmful elements in the sample processed with 160 ℃ dry distillation are lower than processed with fire preparation. And the contents of beneficial elements are similar in two kinds of samples. This temperature is consistent with the dry distillation process temperature approved by provincial drug regulatory authorities for currently certified enterprises. Most of the commercially available samples meet the requirements of traditional or modern processes, and a few may have quality differences due to different processes. The determination and analysis of heavy metals and other elements in Xianzhuli under different processes can provided scientific basis for safe production and rational use of Xianzhuli.

Xianzhuli  /  dry distillation and fire preparation  /  microwave digestion  /  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  /  element
朱迪, 汪元亮, 任琦, 肖小武, 常亮, 郎淑琴, 李灿灿, 付辉政. 微波消解-ICP-MS法测定不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素含量*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2114 -2126 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0081
Di ZHU, Yuan-liang WANG, Qi REN, Xiao-wu XIAO, Liang CHANG, Shu-qing LANG, Can-can LI, Hui-zheng FU. Determination of 28 elements in Xianzhuli under different processes by microwave digestion and ICP-MS*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2114 -2126 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0081
竹,为禾本科、竹属的多年生草本植物,被称为“世界第二大森林”,我国竹资源的种类、产量、适应性均为世界领先[1]。鲜竹沥系禾本科植物粉绿竹Phyllostachys glauca McCluve、净竹Phyllostachys nuda McClure及同属的数种植物的鲜杆经加热后自然沥出的液体[2],具有清热化痰、镇惊利窍之功效,主要用于肺热咳嗽痰多,壮热烦渴,小儿痰热惊风等[3],有“痰家之圣剂”的美誉[4]。《本草经集注》最早记载了临床上使用竹提取物“竹沥”治疗痰热咳嗽,中风痰盛,破伤风等疾病的临床应用[5]。然而,鲜竹沥的传统制备方法—野外敞开式直接火烤,已不再适应我国社会的发展需求,不符合现行国家产业和环保政策。现代工艺的火制法,以及模拟传统炭火逼制的干馏法(干馏温度150~160 ℃)逐渐成为主流,并被纳入《江西省中药饮片炮制规范》,成为鲜竹沥的法定制备方法。尽管如此,鲜竹沥的生产仍存在使用水蒸气蒸馏和水煮等非法定方法的情况,这种制备工艺的多样性,加之不同企业在用法定方法生产鲜竹沥时工艺和设备的差异,尤其是工艺参数的不一致,对鲜竹沥的品质和稳定性产生了严重影响。
近年来,对鲜竹沥的研究主要集中在化学成分和药理作用方面。现代研究显示,鲜竹沥主要含有酚酸类、黄酮类、氨基酸类、单糖和多糖等成分,具有止咳祛痰、保护支气管粘膜、减少炎性细胞浸润等作用[6]。但在元素研究领域,除了对鲜竹沥中Na、Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca等10种元素进行定量分析外[10],关于其他微量元素、重金属及有害元素的研究仍属空白。中药外源性污染,尤其是重金属及有害元素的污染,对中药的安全性和有效性构成了潜在威胁,给人体健康带来了极大的危害,也是限制中药相关产业出口的重要因素之一,影响着中药的国际化进程[12]。为确保中药饮片的质量与安全,必须对有毒有害元素的含量实施严格控制[16]
本研究在课题组前期对鲜竹沥化学成分研究的基础上,进一步考察干馏和火制2种不同工艺的鲜竹沥元素分布情况,通过元素含量结果评价企业目前干馏工艺温度的合理性以及市售样品的制备工艺是否符合传统或现代工艺。为此,采用ICP-MS法对不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素进行测定,并进行方法学考察,基本涵盖了中药中可能存在的有毒元素和可能威胁人体健康的其他元素,从而为鲜竹沥产品的安全生产和合理使用提供了科学依据。
ETHOS UP微波消解仪(Milestones公司);Lab Tech智能样品处理器(北京莱伯泰科有限公司);7800型ICP-MS电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Agilent公司);SPS4自动进样器(Agilent公司);MilliQ型超纯水仪器(Millipore公司)。
多元素校准标样-2A[含锂(Li)、铍(Be)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)、铝(Al)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镓(Ga)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、铷(Rb)、锶(Sr)、银(Ag)、镉(Cd)、铯(Cs)、钡(Ba)、铅(Pb)、铊(Tl)、铀(U)、钒(V)对照品溶液、汞(Hg)对照品溶液(10 μg·mL-1,批号8500-6940,Agilent公司)],钠(Na)对照品溶液(1 000 μg·mL-1,批号5190-8525,Agilent公司),钾(K)对照品溶液(1 000 μg·mL-1,批号5190-8503,Agilent公司),ICP-MS内标溶液(含Bi、Ge、In、Li6、Lu、Rh、Sc、Tb内标元素,100 μg·mL-1,批号5188-6525,Agilent公司),67%~70%硝酸(Fisher Chemical公司);水为超纯水。
不同干馏温度和火制法2种工艺制备的15批鲜竹沥(编号S1~S15)为课题组委托辖区内鲜竹沥生产企业A制备。另收集不同厂家不同批次的市售样品共44批(编号S16~S59),具体见表1
微波消解程序:0~15 min,温度升高至180 ℃,功率1 800 W,保持10 min,冷却至室温。
ICP-MS工作参数:功率1 600 W,采样深度10 mm,载气流速0.8 L·min-1,辅助气流速0.34 L·min-1,蠕动泵转速0.1 r·min-1,雾化室温度2 ℃,反应模式为氦模式,氦气流速5.0 mL·min-1
精密吸取元素校准标样-2A适量,用2%硝酸稀释并定容至50 mL量瓶中,配制成质量浓度分别为0、10、20、40、50、100、200 ng·mL-1的Li、Be、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Rb、Sr、Ag、Cd、Cs、Ba、Tl、Pb、U系列混合对照品溶液。
取Hg对照品溶液,用2%硝酸溶液稀释并定容到50 mL量瓶中,制得质量浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、2.0 ng·mL-1的系列Hg对照品溶液。
精密吸取Na对照品溶液1 mL,用2%硝酸溶液稀释并定容到50 mL量瓶中,制成质量浓度为20 000 ng·mL-1的溶液。
精密吸取K对照品溶液2 mL,用2%硝酸溶液稀释并定容到50 mL量瓶中,制成质量浓度为40 000 ng·mL-1的溶液。
精密吸取1 mL内标溶液于100 mL量瓶中,用2%硝酸稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得质量浓度为1 μg·mL-1的混合内标溶液。
精密吸取鲜竹沥1 mL,置于微波消解内罐中,加5 mL硝酸后旋紧罐盖,按“2.1”项中微波消解程序条件消解样品。消解完成冷却至室温后取出,缓慢打开罐盖排气,将消解罐放在智能样品处理器中,于110 ℃赶酸至1 mL左右,用超纯水洗涤消解罐和盖子3次,洗液合并至塑料离心管并定容至25 mL,作为供试品溶液。取供试品溶液0.25 mL,用超纯水稀释定容至25 mL作为稀释溶液a,测定Mg、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb。再取上述稀释溶液a 2.5 mL,用超纯水稀释定容至25 mL作为稀释溶液b,测定Na和K。
除不加样品外,按“2.2.3”项下方法制备空白溶液。
内标元素的选择以质量数和电离能相近为原则,选择响应较大的内标元素,以降低基体抑制效应,提高检测准确性。其中7Li、9Be、23Na、24Mg、27Al、39K、43Ca、51V、52Cr、55Mn、56Fe采用内标元素45Sc,59Co、60Ni、63Cu、66Zn、71Ga、75As、78Se、85Rb采用内标元素72Ge,88Sr、107Ag采用内标元素103Rh,111Cd、133Cs、137Ba采用内标元素115In,201Hg、205Tl、208Pb、238U采用内标元素209Bi。
取“2.2.1”项下制备的对照品溶液,按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作参数条件测定,以各待测元素质量浓度为横坐标,响应值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,得到各元素的回归方程及相关系数(r),见表2。结果表明,28种元素的线性关系良好。
取“2.2.4”项下空白溶液连续测定11次,以3倍标准偏差所对应的质量浓度为各待测元素的检测限,见表2
取“2.2.1”项下质量浓度为50 ng·mL-1的混合对照品溶液,0.8 ng·mL-1的Hg对照品溶液按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作条件各连续进样测定6次,记录各元素信号响应值,计算响应值的RSD在0.30%~3.5%,表明方法精密度良好。
精密量取S8号鲜竹沥样品1 mL,按照“2.2.3”项下方法平行制备供试品溶液6份,按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作条件连续进样,记录样品中各元素的质量浓度信号响应值,计算6份样品中上述28种元素的平均含量,依次为1.98、0.029 7、46 630.44、815.45、21.69、86 231.76、149.17、0.052 9、1.6、350.33、49.79、0.052、0.96、7.46、110.43、0.022 5、0.071 0、0.345 0、37.36、2.31、0.192 0、0.361 3、0.118 1、6.02、0.026、0.005 1、1.3、0.002 0 ng·mL-1,RSD分别为2.8%、5.1%、1.3%、0.69%、4.7%、1.1%、2.5%、5.8%、2.9%、1.2%、3.8%、5.3%、4.4%、2.3%、2.5%、4.8%、2.5%、4.1%、1.7%、2.8%、6.2%、3.9%、3.2%、2.9%、3.9%、4.1%、2.2%、6.4%,表明方法重复性良好。
精密量取S8号鲜竹沥样品1 mL,按照“2.2.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作条件在0、2、4、8、12、24 h分别进样测定,计算质量浓度响应值的RSD,结果各元素信号响应值的RSD在1.1%~3.3%,表明供试品在24 h内较为稳定。
精密吸取S8号鲜竹沥样品0.5 mL,共6份,分别精密加入200 ng·mL-1的混合元素对照品溶液2 mL和0.2 ng·mL-1的Hg单元素对照品溶液1 mL,再平行精密吸取6份S8号样品0.5 mL,分别加入20 000 ng·mL-1的Na单元素对照品溶液和40 000 ng·mL-1的K单元素对照品溶液各1 mL,按照“2.2.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作条件进行测定,计算回收率及RSD,结果见表3。回收率平均值在88.6%~105.5%,RSD在1.0%~3.2%,表明回收率良好。
59批鲜竹沥样品按照“2.2.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下ICP-MS工作条件测定,结果见表4。表中“-”表示低于检测限,记为未检出。
不同干馏温度和火制工艺的样品(S1~S15)元素平均含量见表5
将59批鲜竹沥样品的28种元素含量数据导入SPSS 27软件,以样品编号为个案、各元素含量为变量进行系统聚类分析,算法采用组间联接法,测度选择平方欧式距离,得到聚类分析图,见图1。由图1可知,当平方欧式距离为10时,各批次鲜竹沥可分为3类,其中干馏法和火制法的鲜竹沥样品聚为1类,其余样品被分为2类。这种结果的产生考虑可能与鲜竹沥的生产制备工艺有关,用其他制备方法生产出来的鲜竹沥元素含量与法定制备方法存在一定差异。这也反映了市面上鲜竹沥生产工艺多样,制法混乱的问题。
首先对元素含量测定结果进行KMO适合度检验和巴特利特球形检验,得到KMO值为0.641(>0.6),满足主成分分析(PCA)的前提要求,并通过巴特利球形检验(P<0.05),说明适合进行PCA。以特征值>1为标准进行PCA,得到7个主成分,累计方差率可达75.6%。其特征值、贡献率见表6,主成分载荷矩阵见表7
表67可知,第1个主成分的特征值为7.598,累计方差贡献率为27.13%,其中Mg、K、Ca、Rb、Cd、Ba、Tl具有较高载荷;第2个主成分的特征值为4.194,累计方差贡献率为42.11%,其中Cr、Fe、Co元素具有较高载荷;第3个主成分的特征值为2.767,累计方差贡献率为52%,其中Cu和Pb具有较高载荷。前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率达到52%(>50%)[17],因此可确定Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Rb、Cd、Ba、Tl、Pb为鲜竹沥的特征元素。
本研究采用微波消解-ICP-MS法测定不同工艺鲜竹沥中28种元素含量并进行定量分析,操作简便,结果准确可靠,为中药饮片的质量评价提供了新的思路,为鲜竹沥安全性评价和工艺生产研究改进提供参考。
表4可知,59批鲜竹沥中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb含量较高,参考2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则2321中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu测定法中重金属含量限度,均未超过限量要求[18],U元素各批次样品均未检出。进一步分析干馏样品(S1~S5)发现,当干馏温度较低时,除Li、Na、Al、Cu、Se、Hg、Pb外,其余元素含量均偏低,Mg、Rb、Sr、Cd、Ba的含量随温度的升高整体呈上升趋势。与火制样品(S6~S15)相比较发现,当干馏温度为160 ℃(S3)时,Na、Cr、Fe、Co含量高于火制法,Rb、Cd、Cs、Pb含量低于火制法,其余元素含量在2种工艺下接近。通过对火制样品分析可得,不同样品间各元素含量存在显著差异,可能是温度和加热时间的不同所致。对市售样品分析结果表明,大多数样品符合传统或现代工艺的要求。然而,也有少数样品存在质量问题,这可能是由生产工艺的不一致造成的。
表5可知,干馏样品中Mg、Al、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、As、Se、Sr、Ba的平均含量都高于火制样品,除U元素均未检出外,其余元素含量均低于火制样品。
表67的主成分分析结果可知,鲜竹沥的特征元素包括Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Co、Cu、Rb、Cd、Ba、Tl和Pb。这些元素可分为3类:必需元素(Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Fe、Co和Cu),潜在有益元素(Rb)和有害元素(Cd、Tl、Pb和Ba)。其中,Cr对糖脂代谢有重要作用[19];Co对氨基酸、辅酶和蛋白质代谢有显著影响[20];Rb被认为具有抑制破骨细胞分化和促进骨再生的作用,同时能降低高血压,为潜在的有益元素[21];Ba元素虽然在体内主要以离子形式存在,但摄入过量仍会产生毒性[23]
有研究发现,止咳化痰类中药富含Mg、Zn、Mn元素[24]。也有研究指出,Ca、Fe和Mn元素对鲜竹沥的止咳化痰效果至关重要:Ca元素与疏肌解表、促进发汗的功效密切相关;Fe元素能修复体内含铁酶,提高免疫力,防治呼吸道感染;而Mn元素与化痰理气作用相关[24]。干馏160 ℃样品的有害元素含量低于火制法且有益元素含量与火制法相近,该温度与目前经省级药监局认证的企业干馏工艺温度一致。在实际生产过程中,企业需要综合干馏和火制2种工艺的化学成分、理化指标以及有毒有害元素整体情况,优化干馏温度参数并严格把控,以保证产品质量。
中药的安全性直接关系到人们的健康和生命的安全。通过对不同工艺鲜竹沥中重金属及其他元素的测定和分析,为鲜竹沥的安全生产提供了有力支持,同时也推动了我国中药产业向高质量方向发展。这不仅有助于提升公众对中药安全性的认识,还能增强中药在国际市场上的竞争力及影响力。
  • *江西省重大科技研发专项“揭榜挂帅”企业需求类项目((20223AAG2020))
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2024年第44卷第12期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0081
  • 接收时间:2024-02-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-03
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*江西省重大科技研发专项“揭榜挂帅”企业需求类项目((20223AAG2020))
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    1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004
    2.江西省药品检验检测研究院,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,江西省药品与医疗器械质量工程技术研究中心,南昌 330029

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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