Article(id=1239184754608763506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0272, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713801600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773374268437, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1735574400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773374268437, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773374268437, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374268437, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239184752507408921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='12', pageStart='2011', pageEnd='2188', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773374267937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374446543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2105, endPage=2113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239184758396220028, articleId=1239184754608763506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Determination of related substances and impurity profile in peramivir injection by HPLC-CAD, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish an HPLC-CAD method for the determination of related substances in peramivir injection and to analyze the impurity profile.

Methods:

Welch Ultimate Polar RP column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) was used with 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate solution (pH adjusted to 4.6 with formic acid) -acetonitrile (95∶5) as mobile phase A and mobile phase A-acetonitrile (50∶50) as mobile phase B under gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. Column temperature was 30 ℃. CAD atomizer temperature was 50 ℃, acquisition frequency was 5 Hz and filter was 3.6 s. The degradation pathway and impurity structure of peramivir were estimated by LC-MS/MS.

Results:

The separation between peramivir and the impurities was good. The mass concentration of peramivir and 7 impurities showed good linear relationships with the peak area in the ranges of 0.2-12 μg·mL-1. The limits of quantitation were 4.32-12.8 ng, and the limits of detection were 2.16-6.44 ng. The average recovery (n=9) of impurity Ⅲ was 96.2%, RSD was 1.8%. The control solution and the test product solution were stable for 102 hours at room temperature. After fine-tuning the parameters of liquid chromatography, there was no influence on the detection results of related substances. Based on LC-MS/MS, the structure and possible degradation pathway of the degraded related substances were deduced.

Conclusion:

This method is accurate, reliable and specific for the determination of related substances in peramivir injection, and provides a basis for the establishment of quality standards for this variety.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-jie HAN, Hai-jiao BAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Si-meng FANG, Xi-yu DUAN, Yu-rong SUI, Xin LU, Xiao-jie HAN, Hai-jiao BAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239184766700942182, articleId=1239184754608763506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质及杂质谱解析, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质,并对降解杂质进行杂质谱解析。

方法:

采用Welch Ultimate Polar RP柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm),以5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵溶液(用甲酸调pH至4.6)-乙腈(B)(95∶5)为流动相A,流动相A-乙腈(50∶50)为流动相B,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,CAD雾化器温度50 ℃,采集频率5 Hz,滤光片3.6 s。通过LC-MS/MS,推测帕拉米韦的降解途径及杂质结构。

结果:

帕拉米韦与各杂质之间分离度良好,帕拉米韦与7个杂质的质量浓度约在0.2~12 μg·mL-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,定量限为4.32~12.8 ng,检测限为2.16~6.44 ng;杂质Ⅲ的平均回收率(n=9)为96.2%,RSD为1.8%;对照溶液和供试品溶液在室温条件下放置102 h内稳定;微调液相色谱参数后,对有关物质的检测结果无影响。根据LC-MS/MS,推测了降解杂质的结构及可能的降解途径。

结论:

该方法用于测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质准确、可靠,专属性强,为建立该品种质量标准提供研究基础。

, correspAuthors=韩晓捷, 白海娇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩晓捷 Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:
白海娇 Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:
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Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:

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1.杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ) 2.杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ) 3.帕拉米韦(peramivir) 4.杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ) 5.杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ) 6.杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ) 7.杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ) 8.杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)

, figureFileSmall=cU2QHwlYGsMjI93VuaH78Q==, figureFileBig=px33HHn0DNRyz8PP3D9TVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218778647621745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram of forced degradation test of peramivir injection, figureFileSmall=fqmzhdhiqIljd25bfnOj1w==, figureFileBig=va8o7cpXlUmG2Ikbe7jgEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218778731507833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=图2, caption=帕拉米韦注射液强制降解试验色谱图

A.未降解(undegraded sample) B.光照降解(light degradation) C.氧化降解(oxidation degradation) D.酸降解(acid degradation) E.碱降解(base degradation) F.加热降解(heat degradation)

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The structural formula,molecular formula and relative molecular mass(Mr) of peramivir and related substances

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化合物(compound)结构式(structure)分子式(molecular formula) Mr
帕拉米韦(peramivir)C15H28N4O4328.21
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)C13H26N4O3286.20
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)C13H24N4O2268.19
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)C15H28N4O4328.21
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)C14H26N2O4286.19
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)C15H26N4O3310.20
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)C15H27N3O5329.19
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)C15H27N3O5329.19
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780392452252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

帕拉米韦及其有关物质的结构式、分子式及相对分子质量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物(compound)结构式(structure)分子式(molecular formula) Mr
帕拉米韦(peramivir)C15H28N4O4328.21
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)C13H26N4O3286.20
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)C13H24N4O2268.19
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)C15H28N4O4328.21
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)C14H26N2O4286.19
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)C15H26N4O3310.20
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)C15H27N3O5329.19
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)C15H27N3O5329.19
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780484726946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Gradient elution table

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t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
AB
01000
51000
400100
450100
461000
551000
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780568613030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

洗脱程序表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
AB
01000
51000
400100
450100
461000
551000
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780648304813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Linearity of peramivir and impurities

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化合物
(compound)
线性方程
(linear equation)
r线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1)
校正因子
(correction factor)
帕拉米韦(peramivir) Y=0.079 2X+0.012 70.999 20.216~10.8041.0
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ) Y=0.038 7X-0.003 400.999 40.252~12.5932.0
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ) Y=0.023 5X+0.004 400.999 90.639~15.9713.4
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ) Y=0.056 2X+0.008 500.999 50.252~12.6081.4
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ) Y=0.068 0X+0.015 40.999 00.247~12.3611.2
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ) Y=0.033 0X+0.006 90.999 50.385~19.2722.4
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ) Y=0.069 6X+0.002 60.999 80.243~12.1511.1
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ) Y=0.076 9X+0.007 80.999 40.256~12.8221.0
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780761551024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

帕拉米韦及杂质的线性结果

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化合物
(compound)
线性方程
(linear equation)
r线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·mL-1)
校正因子
(correction factor)
帕拉米韦(peramivir) Y=0.079 2X+0.012 70.999 20.216~10.8041.0
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ) Y=0.038 7X-0.003 400.999 40.252~12.5932.0
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ) Y=0.023 5X+0.004 400.999 90.639~15.9713.4
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ) Y=0.056 2X+0.008 500.999 50.252~12.6081.4
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ) Y=0.068 0X+0.015 40.999 00.247~12.3611.2
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ) Y=0.033 0X+0.006 90.999 50.385~19.2722.4
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ) Y=0.069 6X+0.002 60.999 80.243~12.1511.1
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ) Y=0.076 9X+0.007 80.999 40.256~12.8221.0
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780883185844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

LOQ and LOD of Peramivir and impurities

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化合物
(compound)
定量限(LOQ)检测限(LOD)
浓度(concentration)/%质量(mass)/ng浓度(concentration)/%质量(mass)/ng
帕拉米韦(peramivir)0.0114.320.0052.16
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)0.0135.040.0062.52
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)0.03212.80.0166.44
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)0.0135.040.0062.52
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)0.0124.940.0062.47
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)0.0197.700.0103.85
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)0.0124.860.0062.43
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)0.0135.120.0062.56
), ArticleFig(id=1239218781004820663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

帕拉米韦及杂质的定量限和检测限结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
定量限(LOQ)检测限(LOD)
浓度(concentration)/%质量(mass)/ng浓度(concentration)/%质量(mass)/ng
帕拉米韦(peramivir)0.0114.320.0052.16
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)0.0135.040.0062.52
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)0.03212.80.0166.44
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)0.0135.040.0062.52
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)0.0124.940.0062.47
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)0.0197.700.0103.85
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)0.0124.860.0062.43
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)0.0135.120.0062.56
), ArticleFig(id=1239218781097095356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Sample determination results

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化合物
(compound)
含量(content)/%拟定限度
(limited)
批号(lot No.)2023112001批号(lot No.)2023112002批号(lot No.)2023112003
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)0.060.060.06≤0.15%
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)NDNDND≤0.15%
单个未知杂质(other individual impurity)0.010.010.01≤0.15%
总杂质(total impurities)0.070.070.07≤0.5%
), ArticleFig(id=1239218781222924483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754608763506, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

样品测定结果

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化合物
(compound)
含量(content)/%拟定限度
(limited)
批号(lot No.)2023112001批号(lot No.)2023112002批号(lot No.)2023112003
杂质Ⅰ(impurity Ⅰ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅱ(impurity Ⅱ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅲ(impurity Ⅲ)0.060.060.06≤0.15%
杂质Ⅳ(impurity Ⅳ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅴ(impurity Ⅴ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅵ(impurity Ⅵ)NDNDND≤0.15%
杂质Ⅶ(impurity Ⅶ)NDNDND≤0.15%
单个未知杂质(other individual impurity)0.010.010.01≤0.15%
总杂质(total impurities)0.070.070.07≤0.5%
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HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质及杂质谱解析
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房思萌 , 段玺玉 , 隋玉荣 , 鲁鑫 , 韩晓捷 * , 白海娇 *
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(12): 2105-2113
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(12): 2105-2113
HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质及杂质谱解析
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房思萌 , 段玺玉, 隋玉荣, 鲁鑫, 韩晓捷* , 白海娇*
作者信息
  • 天津市药品检验研究院,天津 300070
  • Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*韩晓捷 Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:
白海娇 Tel:(022)23374073;E-mail:
Determination of related substances and impurity profile in peramivir injection by HPLC-CAD
Si-meng FANG , Xi-yu DUAN, Yu-rong SUI, Xin LU, Xiao-jie HAN* , Hai-jiao BAI*
Affiliations
  • Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin 300070, China
出版时间: 2024-12-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0272
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目的:

建立HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质,并对降解杂质进行杂质谱解析。

方法:

采用Welch Ultimate Polar RP柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm),以5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵溶液(用甲酸调pH至4.6)-乙腈(B)(95∶5)为流动相A,流动相A-乙腈(50∶50)为流动相B,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.8 mL·min-1,柱温30 ℃,CAD雾化器温度50 ℃,采集频率5 Hz,滤光片3.6 s。通过LC-MS/MS,推测帕拉米韦的降解途径及杂质结构。

结果:

帕拉米韦与各杂质之间分离度良好,帕拉米韦与7个杂质的质量浓度约在0.2~12 μg·mL-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,定量限为4.32~12.8 ng,检测限为2.16~6.44 ng;杂质Ⅲ的平均回收率(n=9)为96.2%,RSD为1.8%;对照溶液和供试品溶液在室温条件下放置102 h内稳定;微调液相色谱参数后,对有关物质的检测结果无影响。根据LC-MS/MS,推测了降解杂质的结构及可能的降解途径。

结论:

该方法用于测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质准确、可靠,专属性强,为建立该品种质量标准提供研究基础。

帕拉米韦注射液  /  高效液相色谱  /  电喷雾检测器  /  杂质谱解析  /  有关物质
Objective:

To establish an HPLC-CAD method for the determination of related substances in peramivir injection and to analyze the impurity profile.

Methods:

Welch Ultimate Polar RP column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) was used with 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate solution (pH adjusted to 4.6 with formic acid) -acetonitrile (95∶5) as mobile phase A and mobile phase A-acetonitrile (50∶50) as mobile phase B under gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1. Column temperature was 30 ℃. CAD atomizer temperature was 50 ℃, acquisition frequency was 5 Hz and filter was 3.6 s. The degradation pathway and impurity structure of peramivir were estimated by LC-MS/MS.

Results:

The separation between peramivir and the impurities was good. The mass concentration of peramivir and 7 impurities showed good linear relationships with the peak area in the ranges of 0.2-12 μg·mL-1. The limits of quantitation were 4.32-12.8 ng, and the limits of detection were 2.16-6.44 ng. The average recovery (n=9) of impurity Ⅲ was 96.2%, RSD was 1.8%. The control solution and the test product solution were stable for 102 hours at room temperature. After fine-tuning the parameters of liquid chromatography, there was no influence on the detection results of related substances. Based on LC-MS/MS, the structure and possible degradation pathway of the degraded related substances were deduced.

Conclusion:

This method is accurate, reliable and specific for the determination of related substances in peramivir injection, and provides a basis for the establishment of quality standards for this variety.

peramivir injection  /  HPLC  /  electrospray detector  /  impurity profile analysis  /  related substances
房思萌, 段玺玉, 隋玉荣, 鲁鑫, 韩晓捷, 白海娇. HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质及杂质谱解析. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2105 -2113 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0272
Si-meng FANG, Xi-yu DUAN, Yu-rong SUI, Xin LU, Xiao-jie HAN, Hai-jiao BAI. Determination of related substances and impurity profile in peramivir injection by HPLC-CAD[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2105 -2113 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0272
帕拉米韦,化学名称为(1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-(乙酰氨基)-2-乙基丁基]-4-胍基-2-羟基环戊烷羧酸三水合物,分子式为C15H28N4O4·3H2O[1]。帕拉米韦是BioCryst公司开发的以流感病毒表面糖蛋白神经氨酸酶为作用靶点的新型环戊烷类抗流感病毒制剂,是世界首个静脉给药制剂[2-3]。2013年12月FDA接受了BioCryst公司的新药注册申请(NDA),并于2014年12月批准上市。2013年4月,国家药品监督管理局批准了广州南新的抗流感新药帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液,现有临床试验数据证明其对甲型和乙型流感有效。帕拉米韦是第一个批准的静脉应用的神经氨酸酶抑制剂,可用于各年龄段人群。
帕拉米韦原料药及制剂的质量标准尚未被各国药典收载。经查阅文献,帕拉米韦有多种合成路线,目前各企业根据合成工艺及质量研究结果制定相应的质量标准[4-6]。由于帕拉米韦的分子结构无生色基团,从其紫外谱图可知,其最大吸收波长在208 nm左右,因此,如采用紫外检测器需在低波长条件下进行检测,导致流动相、缓冲盐、离子对试剂等均对有关物质检测,但HPLC-UV方法中不同杂质的校正因子不同,按不加校正因子的主成分对照法计算,存在杂质量计算不准确的情况,对试验结果有较大影响[7-10]。国家药品监督管理局批准的帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液标准(标准号YBH00862017)中有关物质项下未规定已知杂质,本研究建立了高效液相色谱法-电喷雾检测器法,结合帕拉米韦的工艺过程和降解途径,对表1中7个已知杂质进行定量测定。电子喷雾检测器(CAD)是通用型检测器,检测器的响应值不依赖于被测物质的化学结构,只与被测物质的进样质量有关,具有较高的响应一致性[11-12]。通过系统的方法学验证,本法测定准确、可靠,专属性强,可为帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质测定提供一种新的检测方法。
Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000型高效液相色谱仪和CoronaVeo RS电喷雾检测器,Chromeleon色谱工作站;Thermo Fisher Vanquish UPLC-Orbitrap Exploris 480高分辨质谱仪;Mettler Toledo XS205十万分之一分析天平。
帕拉米韦对照品(中国食品药品检定研究院,批号101260-202203,含量85.0%),帕拉米韦注射液(天津某企业提供,规格60 mL∶300 mg,批号2023112001、2023112002、2023112003),对照品杂质Ⅰ(批号20210901,含量96.13%)、杂质Ⅱ(批号20210902,含量99.36%)、杂质Ⅲ(批号20210801,含量98.25%)、杂质Ⅳ(批号20220401,含量99.93%)、杂质Ⅴ(批号20210401,含量99.96%)、杂质Ⅵ(批号20220301,含量95.90%)和杂质Ⅶ(批号20211101,含量98.11%)均来源于深圳市恒丰万达医药科技有限公司,乙腈(液质级,天津康科德公司);甲酸铵及甲酸(液质级,Fisher Scientific公司),水为Millipore超纯水。
采用Welch Ultimate Polar RP(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱;以5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵(用甲酸调pH至4.6)-乙腈(95∶5)为流动相A,以流动相A-乙腈(50∶50)为流动相B,梯度洗脱(见表2),进样体积20 μL,流速0.8 mL·min-1柱温30 ℃;Corona电喷雾检测器:采集频率5 Hz,过滤常数3.6 s,温度50 ℃,氮气压力0.41 MPa。
称取氯化钠540 mg,加水60 mL溶解,摇匀,即得。
精密量取帕拉米韦注射液10 mL,加水稀释至25 mL,制成2 mg·mL-1的供试品溶液。
精密量取供试品溶液3 mL,置20 mL量瓶中,加水稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取1 mL,置100 mL量瓶中,加水稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为对照溶液。
精密称取帕拉米韦对照品20 mg,置10 mL量瓶中,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为帕拉米韦对照品溶液。
精密称取对照品杂质Ⅰ、杂质Ⅱ、杂质Ⅲ、杂质Ⅳ、杂质Ⅴ、杂质Ⅵ和杂质Ⅶ适量,分别加水制成0.6 mg·mL-1的杂质对照品溶液。
精密称取帕拉米韦对照品20 mg,置10 mL量瓶中,加水适量溶解,分别精密量取各杂质对照品溶液0.05 mL,加水稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得。
分别取空白溶剂(水)、空白辅料溶液、帕拉米韦对照品溶液、杂质对照品溶液、系统适用性溶液、对照溶液及供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样,记录色谱图。空白溶剂、空白辅料不干扰帕拉米韦的有关物质测定,系统适用性溶液中出峰顺序依次为杂质Ⅰ、杂质Ⅱ、帕拉米韦、杂质Ⅲ、杂质Ⅳ、杂质Ⅴ、杂质Ⅵ、杂质Ⅶ,各峰之间的最小分离度为2.0,帕拉米韦的拖尾因子为1.3,帕拉米韦峰理论塔板数为91 119,均符合要求。典型色谱图见图1
取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,加水稀释至10 mL,摇匀,作为未降解样品。强制降解样品溶液配制方法如下:(1)加热降解:取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,70 ℃加热8 h,放冷,加水稀释至10 mL;(2)酸降解:取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,加5 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL,70 ℃加热1 h后,加5 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL,放冷,加水稀释至10 mL;(3)碱降解:取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,加5 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL,70 ℃加热1 h后,加5 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL,放冷,加水稀释至10 mL;(4)氧化降解:取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,加30%过氧化氢溶液1 mL,70 ℃加热0.5 h,放冷,加水稀释至10 mL;(5)光照降解:取帕拉米韦注射液4 mL,于(4 500±500)lx条件下放置110 d,加水稀释至10 mL。降解试验色谱图见图2
结果表明,帕拉米韦注射液在加热、光照条件下较为稳定,在酸、碱、氧化条件下易降解。在酸性条件下,主要降解产物为杂质Ⅰ;在碱性条件下,主要降解产物为杂质Ⅲ、杂质Ⅳ和杂质Ⅵ。
精密称取帕拉米韦、杂质Ⅰ、杂质Ⅱ、杂质Ⅲ、杂质Ⅳ、杂质Ⅴ、杂质Ⅵ和杂质Ⅶ的对照品适量,加水稀释制成质量浓度约为12、6、2、1、0.6、0.2 μg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样,记录色谱图,以峰面积对质量浓度进行线性回归,计算回归方程,校正因子采用斜率比值法计算,结果见表3
取“2.5”项下混合对照品溶液,用水稀释至信噪比(S/N)约为10∶1相对应的浓度,为定量限试验用溶液;用溶剂稀释至信噪比约为3∶1相对应的浓度,为检测限试验用溶液,测得的帕拉米韦及杂质的定量限和检测限结果见表4
取批号为2023112001的帕拉米韦注射液,按“2.2.2”项下方法平行配制6份供试品溶液,按“2.2.3”项下方法配制对照溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进样,记录色谱图,按加校正因子的自身稀释对照法进行计算,样品中仅检出杂质Ⅲ,其检出量均值为0.06%,RSD为3.8%。
分别取“2.7”项下新配制的对照溶液和供试品溶液(批号2023112001),分别于室温条件下放置0、6、12、24、48、72、102 h,进样测定,计算各成分峰面积RSD,结果显示在对照溶液中主峰峰面积RSD为1.2%;供试品溶液主峰及杂质Ⅲ的峰面积RSD分别为1.3%、3.8%,结果显示对照溶液和供试品溶液稳定性良好。
精密量取批号为2023112001的帕拉米韦注射液适量,分别精密加入杂质Ⅲ对照品溶液,使得加入杂质Ⅲ的浓度分别为0.012%、0.12%、0.18%的溶液各3份,制成9份终浓度为2 mg·mL-1的供试品溶液。在上述色谱条件下进样,记录色谱图。杂质Ⅲ的测得量要扣除按“2.7”项下测定的基础供试品中杂质Ⅲ的含量,按加校正因子的自身稀释对照法计算,9份样品的杂质Ⅲ的回收率在94.0%~100.1%,均值为96.2%,RSD为1.8%。
分别考察了高效液相色谱系统参数变化和样品制备系统参数变化的耐用性。高效液相色谱系统参数考察包括流动相中乙腈的比例±1%、流动相pH±0.1、流速±0.1 mL·min-1、柱温±2 ℃。各条件下系统适用性试验符合要求,杂质测定结果RSD<5%,色谱图杂质谱特征一致,高效液相色谱系统数耐用性良好。
取3批帕拉米韦注射液供试品,按“2.2.2”项下方法分别制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”项下色谱条件进行测定,记录峰面积,以加校正因子的主成分自身对照法计算样品中杂质含量,结果见表5
离子源为ESI,正、负离子模式检测,喷雾电压3 400 V(正离子模式)、2 000 V(负离子模式),鞘气35 Arb,辅助气10 Arb;吹扫气0 Arb,离子管传输温度320 ℃,CID碰撞能40%,扫描范围(m/z)50~1 500,RF Lens 50%。
酸降解产生了保留时间(RT)为4.7 min的杂质,在正离子扫描模式下检测到其准分子离子峰[M+H]+m/z 287.21,通过Compound Discoverer软件预测其分子式为C13H26N4O3。对其进行碰撞裂解得到相关的二级碎片离子m/z 270.18,推测为准分子离子[M+H]+发生裂解,脱去1个羟基后得到[M+H-OH]+m/z 270.18的碎片离子。经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为杂质Ⅰ,质谱图见图3(A)
碱降解产生了RT为18.5、18.9、20.7 min的杂质,在正离子扫描模式下检测到RT 18.5 min、RT 18.9 min杂质的其准分子离子峰[M+H]+分别为m/z 329.22和287.20,通过Compound Discoverer软件预测其分子式为C15H28N4O4和C14H26N2O4。在正离子模式下对RT 18.5 min的杂质进行碰撞裂解,得到相关的二级碎片离子m/z 270.17,推测其准分子离子[M+H]+脱去1个羟基后又脱去1个乙酰基得到[M+H-CO-CH3-OH]+,通过查阅相关文献,该杂质为帕拉米韦的光学异构体杂质Ⅲ[13-14],质谱图见图3(B);在正离子模式下对RT 18.9 min的杂质进行碰撞裂解,得到相关的二级碎片离子m/z 270.17,为[M+H-OH]+,推测其碎裂途径同杂质Ⅰ,为杂质Ⅰ的同分异构体,经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为杂质Ⅳ,质谱图见图3(C)
在负离子扫描模式下检测到RT 20.7 min杂质的准分子离子峰分别[M-H]-m/z 327.20,通过Compound Discoverer软件预测其分子式为C15H27N3O5。对其进行碰撞裂解得到相关的二级碎片离子m/z 285.18,推测为其准分子离子[M-H]-发生裂解,脱酰胺后得到[M-H-CO-NH2]-m/z 285.18的碎片离子,经对照品比对后,鉴定该化合物为杂质Ⅵ,质谱图见图3(D)
杂质Ⅵ可能为帕拉米韦在碱性条件下,发生胍基水解反应生成酰胺基;杂质Ⅳ可能为杂质Ⅵ进一步降解,酰胺键水解而生成,杂质Ⅳ也是帕拉米韦合成过程的工艺杂质;杂质Ⅱ可能为帕拉米韦在酸性条件下脱水脱乙酰的产物;杂质Ⅰ为帕拉米韦在酸性条件下脱乙酰的产物;杂质Ⅲ为帕拉米韦在碱性条件下,其母环1位的羧甲基发生部分消旋而产生的非对映异构体。此外,推测杂质Ⅴ可能为帕拉米韦脱水产物[15],杂质Ⅶ为杂质Ⅵ在碱性条件下的羧甲基发生部分消旋的产物,推测的帕拉米韦的降解途径见图4
本试验考察了水-乙腈、乙酸铵-乙腈和甲酸铵-乙腈等流动相体系,无缓冲盐的体系,帕拉米韦峰拖尾严重,需在流动相中添加缓冲盐。考虑到CAD检测器的适用性,优先考察具有挥发性的甲酸铵和乙酸铵,甲酸铵体系的背景噪音约为同等浓度时乙酸铵体系的10%,且2个缓冲盐-乙腈体系中杂质保留时间和分离度结果基本一致,故采用甲酸铵体系。甲酸铵的浓度考察了5、10、20 mmol·L-1,随着浓度的增大,帕拉米韦峰的对称性变好,但检测器的噪音增大,最终流动相采用5 mmol·L-1甲酸铵体系。考察了流动相中水相的pH 3.0~6.0,当pH在4.0以下时,主峰后的杂质与主峰分不开,当pH在5.0以上时,杂质Ⅲ与杂质Ⅳ、杂质Ⅴ和杂质Ⅵ不能达到基线分离,经考察,水相的pH为4.6±0.1时,各峰之间分离度符合规定。
本试验考察了色谱柱Welch Ultimate Polar RP(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm)和Agilent Zorbax Bonus RP(250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm),均可得到一致的分离效果和检测结果,采用其他C18色谱柱时,易出现主峰与杂质Ⅲ峰分不开,杂质Ⅲ峰与杂质Ⅳ峰分不开,或杂质Ⅳ峰与杂质Ⅴ峰分不开的情况。由于相对保留时间为1.0~1.3的降解杂质较多,有些C18柱会出现相邻色谱峰分不开的情况,故系统适用性试验规定了以上杂质的分离度应符合要求。
从帕拉米韦的结构可知,帕拉米韦有5个手性中心,理论上共有31个非对映异构体和1个对映异构体,需要在不同的步骤建立合适的分析方法对光学异构体进行控制。对映异构体可采用手性柱对其进行分离,需在原料药成品质量标准中进行控制。帕拉米韦的非对映异构体产生的途径较复杂,可能为起始原料的非对映异构体参与反应,也可能在合成过程中发生变旋。从目前的研究看,在中间体(帕拉米韦酯化物)对光学异构体进行控制,可以最大限度地减少在后续步骤中对光学异构体杂质控制的难度[16]。帕拉米韦在酸、碱条件下也会出现空间构型的变化,尤其是母环1位手性羧酸易部分消旋,其光学异构体在该色谱条件下可以被有效检出和分离,而光学异构体的绝对构型还需要进一步探讨和研究。
本文建立了HPLC-CAD法测定帕拉米韦注射液的有关物质,与目前报道的文献方法相比,该方法操作简便,专属性强,灵敏度高,重现性好,具有一定的可行性和实用性,易于推广和应用,可为帕拉米韦注射液的质量控制和评价提供研究参考。
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2024年第44卷第12期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0272
  • 接收时间:2024-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23
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    天津市药品检验研究院,天津 300070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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