Article(id=1239184754529063462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712678400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773374268418, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1735574400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773374268418, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773374268418, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374268418, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239184752507408921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='12', pageStart='2011', pageEnd='2188', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773374267937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374446543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2051, endPage=2063, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239184758429766243, articleId=1239184754529063462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on cleavage regularity and characteristic ions of six anthocyanins under ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry positive mode electric spray*, columnId=1206272756333736276, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To analyze the fragmentation rule and pathway of pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvinidol under UHPLC-QTOF-MS positive mode electric spray, identify the characteristic product ions of six anthocyanins, and provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of mass spectrometry database and detection methods.

Methods:

The chromatographic conditions were as follows: chromatographic column, Fusion-RPC18 (50 mm×2.0 mm, 4 μm), mobile phase 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and methanol (B), gradient elution (0-1 min, 95%A; 1-5 min, 95%A→10%A; 5-6 min, 1%A; 6-7 min, 95%A), flow rate 0.3 mL·min-1, column temperature 40 ℃, and injection volume 10 μL. The mass spectrometry conditions were as follows: TOF MS-IDA MS/MS, curtain gas, 0.20 MPa, collision gas CAD 7 MPa, IS voltage, 5 500 V/-4500 V, ion source temperature, 500 ℃, nebulizer gas, GAS1, 0.38 MPa, auxiliary, GAS2, 0.48 MPa, DP voltage, ±60 V, fragmentation voltage, (35±15) V, and time 0.2 s. Under the condition of positive mode of electrospray, the mass spectrometry data of six anthocyanins were measured. According to the pyrylium ions formed by the 2-phenylchromogenic structure of anthocyanins, and combined with the auxiliary analysis of the mass spectrometer database, the possible product ions were deduced.

Results:

The results showed that the six anthocyanins mainly undergo cleavage reactions on the pyranium ring, ultimately generating intermediate ions of pyrogallol and benzyl alcohol. On the other way, it occured α cracking, σ cracking causes the loss of functional groups on the ring, ultimately resulting in the formation of Chain hydrocarbons without functional groups.

Conclusion:

The research results can provide support for the mass spectrometry characteristic ion data of six anthocyanins, which can be used to establish ion library data for anthocyanin products and also provide reference for the development and research of detection methods.

, correspAuthors=Nan-feng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zi-fan CHEN, Ying DONG, Shao-ling CHI, Shao-feng ZHENG, Ling-chao LUO, Guo-sheng WANG, Nan-feng ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239184765853684574, articleId=1239184754529063462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基于超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱正模式电喷雾下6个花色素裂解规律和特征离子研究*, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

分析花葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素、矮牵牛素和锦葵色素在超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q TOF MS)正模式电喷雾下的裂解规律和途径,推导出6个花色素的特征产物离子,为建立质谱库以及检测方法提供理论依据。

方法:

采用Fusion-RPC18(50 mm×2.0 mm,4 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,95%A;1~5 min,95%A→10%A;5~6 min,10%A;6~7 min,95%A),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温箱温度40 ℃,进样体积10 μL。TOF MS-IDA MS/MS,CUR帘气0.20 MPa,碰撞气CAD为7 MPa,IS电压5 500 V/-4 500 V,离子源温度500 ℃,雾化气GAS1为0.38 MPa,辅助气GAS2为0.48 MPa,DP电压±60 V,裂解电压(35±15)V,累计时间0.2 s。在电喷雾正模式条件下,测得6个花色素的质谱数据,根据花色素的2-苯基色原烯结构形成的吡喃鎓离子,结合质谱仪数据库的辅助分析,推导出可能的产物离子。

结果:

6个花色素主要发生2种类型反应,一种是吡喃鎓环上发生裂解反应,最终均生成苯三酚和苄醇中间离子;另一种是发生α裂解以及σ裂解丢失环上的基团,最终生成不含基团的链烃。

结论:

该研究结果可以作为6个花色素的质谱特征离子特征数据的支撑,用于建立花色素产物离子库数据,也为检测方法开发研究提供参考。

, correspAuthors=张南峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:13560208500;E-mail:
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Tel:13794730179;E-mail:

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journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the structure of pelargonidin and other anthocyanin, figureFileSmall=gmGSi6mBX6QsuZAMfK9twQ==, figureFileBig=relZYz1BXqIbk70rbslD/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781017395462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图1, caption=花葵素等其他花色素结构示意图, figureFileSmall=gmGSi6mBX6QsuZAMfK9twQ==, figureFileBig=relZYz1BXqIbk70rbslD/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781126447371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of pelargonidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=p5ZQTxShFvE3qY5oq5pAug==, figureFileBig=T31HA88sGTSO2ij58Y7X7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781231304975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图2, caption=花葵素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=p5ZQTxShFvE3qY5oq5pAug==, figureFileBig=T31HA88sGTSO2ij58Y7X7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781336162578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of pelargonidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=DlamV0CZP6WNBVxMjhcAZA==, figureFileBig=XGV4YDM1xLaWImbsNstOkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781428437268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图3, caption=花葵素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=DlamV0CZP6WNBVxMjhcAZA==, figureFileBig=XGV4YDM1xLaWImbsNstOkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781537489177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of cyanidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=uC3NvydqMM79PCB6HqZKZQ==, figureFileBig=QUWwQklStu8OHCXUtHWIyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781646541086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图4, caption=矢车菊素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=uC3NvydqMM79PCB6HqZKZQ==, figureFileBig=QUWwQklStu8OHCXUtHWIyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781768175906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of cyanidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=pzjAy11tSQOwCXQSeQCuzg==, figureFileBig=k1l397gHFxvXxwAkkUdxLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781856256295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图5, caption=矢车菊素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=pzjAy11tSQOwCXQSeQCuzg==, figureFileBig=k1l397gHFxvXxwAkkUdxLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218781944336684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of delphinidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=rb7715Jvn66zbEVcW25M3g==, figureFileBig=ffeWNPmO2W8ASAp1h0c1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782032417073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图6, caption=飞燕草素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=rb7715Jvn66zbEVcW25M3g==, figureFileBig=ffeWNPmO2W8ASAp1h0c1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782120497462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of delphinidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=HKCwyihfKqvHK0yMd8cPgg==, figureFileBig=UMaC0daCCNfEci4DAR2f9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782246326586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图7, caption=飞燕草素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=HKCwyihfKqvHK0yMd8cPgg==, figureFileBig=UMaC0daCCNfEci4DAR2f9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782384738622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of peonidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=+OllmDfm6fP1TJUCX+seIQ==, figureFileBig=8Sy1rk6FuzcMuOWoeQVRYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782531539267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图8, caption=芍药素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=+OllmDfm6fP1TJUCX+seIQ==, figureFileBig=8Sy1rk6FuzcMuOWoeQVRYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782669951305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of peonidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=Ty7V7+fbs3QVvpPK05lkgg==, figureFileBig=Hp3vN6uRGnp20PEzJf4qTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782774808912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图9, caption=芍药素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=Ty7V7+fbs3QVvpPK05lkgg==, figureFileBig=Hp3vN6uRGnp20PEzJf4qTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218782955163992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of petunidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=imk/wPBGRHKhA4JyIVXykQ==, figureFileBig=EZ+AfC2W47xfdDySmxrCyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783085187423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图10, caption=矮牵牛素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=imk/wPBGRHKhA4JyIVXykQ==, figureFileBig=EZ+AfC2W47xfdDySmxrCyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783198433638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of petunidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=3KwKCmqrLDOFuE+nFiVqxQ==, figureFileBig=zBdeL6YMeBasQTtQ+H4/rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783290708331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图11, caption=矮牵牛素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=3KwKCmqrLDOFuE+nFiVqxQ==, figureFileBig=zBdeL6YMeBasQTtQ+H4/rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783408148846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The MS(A) and MS2(B) spectra of malvidin in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=OkWb9/bDOIz2yA5R//LBjg==, figureFileBig=Zy4QOwxyjbmENDygIZ7OzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783517200756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图12, caption=锦葵素在正离子模式下[M]+的MS(A)和MS2(B)图, figureFileSmall=OkWb9/bDOIz2yA5R//LBjg==, figureFileBig=Zy4QOwxyjbmENDygIZ7OzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783588503929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Proposed fragmentation pathwauys of malvinidol in the positive ion mode, figureFileSmall=pewpCbjzCXctq+TDThZgng==, figureFileBig=EEij6DQOVw0z4jlQxlMHbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783697555836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=图13, caption=锦葵素在正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=pewpCbjzCXctq+TDThZgng==, figureFileBig=EEij6DQOVw0z4jlQxlMHbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218783814996350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

MS2 data of six anthocyanins in the positive ion mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
一级质谱离子[M]+
(MS ion)m/z
MS2碎片离子
(MS2 fragmentation ion)m/z
计算值
(calculated)m/z
元素组成
(elemental composition)
偏差
(deviation)/×10-6
花葵素(pelargonidin)C15H11O5 271.060 3243.065 7243.065 2C14H11O42.1
215.070 5215.070 3C13H11O30.9
197.060 0197.059 7C13H9O2-0.2
169.065 5169.064 8C12H9O4.1
149.023 6149.023 3C8H5O32.0
147.043 6147.044 0C9H7O2-2.7
141.069 8141.069 9C11H9-0.7
121.028 3121.028 4C7H5O2-0.8
115.054 4115.054 2C9H71.7
107.049 8107.049 1C7H7O6.5
矢车菊素(cyanidin)C15H11O6 287.055 0269.045 3269.044 4C15H9O53.3
259.059 8259.060 1C14H11O5-1.2
241.050 8241.049 5C14H9O45.4
231.065 4231.065 2C13H11O40.9
213.055 0213.054 6C13H9O31.9
185.060 2185.059 7C12H9O22.7
177.019 1177.018 2C9H5O45.1
157.065 2157.064 8C11H9O2.5
149.023 4149.023 3C8H5O30.7
139.054 0139.054 2C11H71.4
121.028 5121.028 4C7H5O20.8
飞燕草素(delphinidin)C16H11O7 303.050 0285.040 0285.039 4C15H9O62.1
274.046 2274.047 2C14H10O6-3.6
257.044 3257.044 4C14H9O5-0.4
229.050 5229.049 5C13H9O44.4
201.055 3201.054 6C12H9O33.5
165.018 1165.018 2C8H5O4-0.6
155.050 0155.049 1C11H7O5.8
153.017 8153.018 2C7H5O4-2.6
121.028 9121.028 4C7H5O24.1
111.007 7111.007 7C5H3O30.0
芍药素(peonidin)C16H13O6 301.070 1286.046 9286.047 2C15H10O6-1.0
285.037 4285.039 4C15H9O6-7.0
258.053 3258.052 3C14H10O53.9
229.048 2229.049 5C13H9O4-5.7
213.054 7213.054 6C13H9O30.5
202.061 8202.062 4C12H10O3-3.0
187.040 2187.039 0C11H7O36.4
矮牵牛素(petunidin)C16H13O7 317.066 1302.042 5302.042 1C15H10O71.3
274.048 0274.047 2C14H10O62.9
245.044 9245.044 4C13H9O52.0
231.028 9231.028 8C12H7O50.4
228.042 2228.041 7C13H8O42.2
227.035 3227.033 9C13H7O46.2
217.049 5217.049 5C12H9O40.0
203.034 4203.033 9C11H7O42.5
175.039 2175.039 0C10H7O31.1
165.018 6165.018 2C8H5O42.4
147.043 5147.044 1C9H7O2-4.1
121.028 3121.028 4C7H5O2-0.8
锦葵素(malvidin)C17H15O7 331.081 2315.050 2315.049 9C16H11O71.0
299.055 5299.055 0C16H11O61.7
275.091 8275.091 4C15H15O51.5
271.060 2271.060 1C15H11O50.4
269.044 4269.044 5C15H9O5-0.4
243.065 2243.065 2C14H11O40.0
229.049 2229.049 5C13H9O4-1.3
228.041 8228.041 7C13H8O40.4
215.070 8215.070 3C13H11O32.3
213.055 3213.054 6C13H9O33.3
201.054 4201.054 6C12H9O3-1.0
200.047 2200.046 8C12H8O32.0
197.060 0197.059 7C13H9O21.5
165.055 2165.054 6C9H9O33.6
153.055 2153.054 6C8H9O33.9
149.023 7149.023 3C8H5O32.7
123.044 3123.044 1C7H7O21.6
121.028 8121.028 4C7H5O23.3
), ArticleFig(id=1239218783928242565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754529063462, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

6个花色素在正离子模式下的二级质谱数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
(compound)
一级质谱离子[M]+
(MS ion)m/z
MS2碎片离子
(MS2 fragmentation ion)m/z
计算值
(calculated)m/z
元素组成
(elemental composition)
偏差
(deviation)/×10-6
花葵素(pelargonidin)C15H11O5 271.060 3243.065 7243.065 2C14H11O42.1
215.070 5215.070 3C13H11O30.9
197.060 0197.059 7C13H9O2-0.2
169.065 5169.064 8C12H9O4.1
149.023 6149.023 3C8H5O32.0
147.043 6147.044 0C9H7O2-2.7
141.069 8141.069 9C11H9-0.7
121.028 3121.028 4C7H5O2-0.8
115.054 4115.054 2C9H71.7
107.049 8107.049 1C7H7O6.5
矢车菊素(cyanidin)C15H11O6 287.055 0269.045 3269.044 4C15H9O53.3
259.059 8259.060 1C14H11O5-1.2
241.050 8241.049 5C14H9O45.4
231.065 4231.065 2C13H11O40.9
213.055 0213.054 6C13H9O31.9
185.060 2185.059 7C12H9O22.7
177.019 1177.018 2C9H5O45.1
157.065 2157.064 8C11H9O2.5
149.023 4149.023 3C8H5O30.7
139.054 0139.054 2C11H71.4
121.028 5121.028 4C7H5O20.8
飞燕草素(delphinidin)C16H11O7 303.050 0285.040 0285.039 4C15H9O62.1
274.046 2274.047 2C14H10O6-3.6
257.044 3257.044 4C14H9O5-0.4
229.050 5229.049 5C13H9O44.4
201.055 3201.054 6C12H9O33.5
165.018 1165.018 2C8H5O4-0.6
155.050 0155.049 1C11H7O5.8
153.017 8153.018 2C7H5O4-2.6
121.028 9121.028 4C7H5O24.1
111.007 7111.007 7C5H3O30.0
芍药素(peonidin)C16H13O6 301.070 1286.046 9286.047 2C15H10O6-1.0
285.037 4285.039 4C15H9O6-7.0
258.053 3258.052 3C14H10O53.9
229.048 2229.049 5C13H9O4-5.7
213.054 7213.054 6C13H9O30.5
202.061 8202.062 4C12H10O3-3.0
187.040 2187.039 0C11H7O36.4
矮牵牛素(petunidin)C16H13O7 317.066 1302.042 5302.042 1C15H10O71.3
274.048 0274.047 2C14H10O62.9
245.044 9245.044 4C13H9O52.0
231.028 9231.028 8C12H7O50.4
228.042 2228.041 7C13H8O42.2
227.035 3227.033 9C13H7O46.2
217.049 5217.049 5C12H9O40.0
203.034 4203.033 9C11H7O42.5
175.039 2175.039 0C10H7O31.1
165.018 6165.018 2C8H5O42.4
147.043 5147.044 1C9H7O2-4.1
121.028 3121.028 4C7H5O2-0.8
锦葵素(malvidin)C17H15O7 331.081 2315.050 2315.049 9C16H11O71.0
299.055 5299.055 0C16H11O61.7
275.091 8275.091 4C15H15O51.5
271.060 2271.060 1C15H11O50.4
269.044 4269.044 5C15H9O5-0.4
243.065 2243.065 2C14H11O40.0
229.049 2229.049 5C13H9O4-1.3
228.041 8228.041 7C13H8O40.4
215.070 8215.070 3C13H11O32.3
213.055 3213.054 6C13H9O33.3
201.054 4201.054 6C12H9O3-1.0
200.047 2200.046 8C12H8O32.0
197.060 0197.059 7C13H9O21.5
165.055 2165.054 6C9H9O33.6
153.055 2153.054 6C8H9O33.9
149.023 7149.023 3C8H5O32.7
123.044 3123.044 1C7H7O21.6
121.028 8121.028 4C7H5O23.3
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基于超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱正模式电喷雾下6个花色素裂解规律和特征离子研究*
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陈子凡 1 , 董莹 2 , 池少铃 3 , 郑少峰 2 , 罗凌超 4 , 王国胜 5 , 张南峰 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(12): 2051-2063
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(12): 2051-2063
基于超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱正模式电喷雾下6个花色素裂解规律和特征离子研究*
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陈子凡1 , 董莹2, 池少铃3, 郑少峰2, 罗凌超4, 王国胜5, 张南峰2, **
作者信息
  • 1.河源市食品检验所,河源 517000
  • 2.黄埔海关技术中心,东莞 523000
  • 3.河源市药品检验所,河源 517000
  • 4.浙江大学衢州研究院,衢州 324000
  • 5.广州海关技术中心河源分中心,河源 517000
  • Tel:13794730179;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:13560208500;E-mail:
Study on cleavage regularity and characteristic ions of six anthocyanins under ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry positive mode electric spray*
Zi-fan CHEN1 , Ying DONG2, Shao-ling CHI3, Shao-feng ZHENG2, Ling-chao LUO4, Guo-sheng WANG5, Nan-feng ZHANG2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Heyuan Food Inspection Institute, Heyuan 517000, China
  • 2.Urumqi Customs District, Dongguan 523000, China
  • 3.Heyuan Drug Inspection Institute, Heyuan 517000, China
  • 4.Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
  • 5.Guangzhou Customs Technology Center Heyuan Branch, Heyuan 517000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243
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目的:

分析花葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素、矮牵牛素和锦葵色素在超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q TOF MS)正模式电喷雾下的裂解规律和途径,推导出6个花色素的特征产物离子,为建立质谱库以及检测方法提供理论依据。

方法:

采用Fusion-RPC18(50 mm×2.0 mm,4 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,95%A;1~5 min,95%A→10%A;5~6 min,10%A;6~7 min,95%A),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温箱温度40 ℃,进样体积10 μL。TOF MS-IDA MS/MS,CUR帘气0.20 MPa,碰撞气CAD为7 MPa,IS电压5 500 V/-4 500 V,离子源温度500 ℃,雾化气GAS1为0.38 MPa,辅助气GAS2为0.48 MPa,DP电压±60 V,裂解电压(35±15)V,累计时间0.2 s。在电喷雾正模式条件下,测得6个花色素的质谱数据,根据花色素的2-苯基色原烯结构形成的吡喃鎓离子,结合质谱仪数据库的辅助分析,推导出可能的产物离子。

结果:

6个花色素主要发生2种类型反应,一种是吡喃鎓环上发生裂解反应,最终均生成苯三酚和苄醇中间离子;另一种是发生α裂解以及σ裂解丢失环上的基团,最终生成不含基团的链烃。

结论:

该研究结果可以作为6个花色素的质谱特征离子特征数据的支撑,用于建立花色素产物离子库数据,也为检测方法开发研究提供参考。

花色素  /  正模式电喷雾  /  飞行质谱  /  裂解规律  /  特征离子  /  飞行时间质谱
Objective:

To analyze the fragmentation rule and pathway of pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvinidol under UHPLC-QTOF-MS positive mode electric spray, identify the characteristic product ions of six anthocyanins, and provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of mass spectrometry database and detection methods.

Methods:

The chromatographic conditions were as follows: chromatographic column, Fusion-RPC18 (50 mm×2.0 mm, 4 μm), mobile phase 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and methanol (B), gradient elution (0-1 min, 95%A; 1-5 min, 95%A→10%A; 5-6 min, 1%A; 6-7 min, 95%A), flow rate 0.3 mL·min-1, column temperature 40 ℃, and injection volume 10 μL. The mass spectrometry conditions were as follows: TOF MS-IDA MS/MS, curtain gas, 0.20 MPa, collision gas CAD 7 MPa, IS voltage, 5 500 V/-4500 V, ion source temperature, 500 ℃, nebulizer gas, GAS1, 0.38 MPa, auxiliary, GAS2, 0.48 MPa, DP voltage, ±60 V, fragmentation voltage, (35±15) V, and time 0.2 s. Under the condition of positive mode of electrospray, the mass spectrometry data of six anthocyanins were measured. According to the pyrylium ions formed by the 2-phenylchromogenic structure of anthocyanins, and combined with the auxiliary analysis of the mass spectrometer database, the possible product ions were deduced.

Results:

The results showed that the six anthocyanins mainly undergo cleavage reactions on the pyranium ring, ultimately generating intermediate ions of pyrogallol and benzyl alcohol. On the other way, it occured α cracking, σ cracking causes the loss of functional groups on the ring, ultimately resulting in the formation of Chain hydrocarbons without functional groups.

Conclusion:

The research results can provide support for the mass spectrometry characteristic ion data of six anthocyanins, which can be used to establish ion library data for anthocyanin products and also provide reference for the development and research of detection methods.

anthocyanin  /  positive mode electrospray spray  /  flight mass spectrometry  /  fragmentation pattern  /  characteristic ion  /  time of flight mass spectrometry
陈子凡, 董莹, 池少铃, 郑少峰, 罗凌超, 王国胜, 张南峰. 基于超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱正模式电喷雾下6个花色素裂解规律和特征离子研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2051 -2063 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243
Zi-fan CHEN, Ying DONG, Shao-ling CHI, Shao-feng ZHENG, Ling-chao LUO, Guo-sheng WANG, Nan-feng ZHANG. Study on cleavage regularity and characteristic ions of six anthocyanins under ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry positive mode electric spray*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2051 -2063 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243
花色素具有类黄酮结构,在自然界中可以让天然植物呈现不同颜色。如蒙药玉簪花中化学成分包括了花色苷,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、保肝、镇痛等药理作用[1]。桑葚作为我国常用的药食同源类中药,主要化学成分也包括了花色苷类,具有保肝、抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血压等作用[2]。黑果枸杞是中国西部特色药用植物,在传统中医药中应用广泛,主要化学成分有矮牵牛素类、飞燕草素类、锦葵素类和芍药素类衍生物等4类,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、保护心血管、抗炎及护肝作用等多种药理作用[3]。传统中药材龙葵主要化学成分也包括了花色素类物质,经研究发现具有抑菌效果[4]
在植物体内大部分花色素以花色苷形式存在,极少数以游离态存在[5-9]。花色苷在经过低浓度酸处理后,会分解成糖和游离花色素,游离花色素ESI-MS离子化时质子化后会形成稳定的吡喃酚氧鎓离子,花葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素、矮牵牛素和锦葵色素结构如图1所示[10-12]
Q TOF高分辨质谱系统具有100 Hz的扫描速度,可将若干个前体离子进行碰撞,通过仪器去卷积运算进行信号处理,得到对应产物离子的准确碎片信息。该质谱系统灵敏度高,并且可以同时定性和定量,因此可用于花色素的裂解规律和特征离子分析[13-14]
本研究以矢车菊素、飞燕草素、矮牵牛素、花葵素、芍药素和锦葵素作为研究对象,使用UHPLC-Q TOF MS的IDA-TOF MS模式测量以上6个花色素的产物离子数据。根据花色素特有的吡喃鎓结构,采用质谱树状图法[15-16]绘制裂解路径,结合质谱数据库软件的模拟结果,推测出花色素裂解规律,为花色素特征离子库及检测方法开发研究提供参考。
对照品飞燕草色素(批号B24337)、矮牵牛色素(批号B24338)(色谱纯,纯度≥95%,上海源叶生物科技有限公司);氯化矢车菊素(批号C829983)、氯化芍药素(批号P861343)(色谱纯,纯度≥95%,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);氯化花葵素(批号P132376,色谱纯,纯度>97%,上海阿拉丁试剂公司);氯化锦葵色素(批号68120,色谱纯,纯度≥95%,西格玛奥德里奇上海贸易有限公司);甲醇、甲酸(色谱纯,霍尼韦尔公司);蒸馏水(屈臣氏公司)。
X500R QTOF质谱仪、ExionLC超高效液相色谱(AB Sciex公司),CP225D型电子天平(最小称量值0.01 mg,Sartorius公司)。
SCIEX OS质谱分析软件(版本号2.2.0,AB SCIEX公司),OriginPro 2021软件(版本号9.8.0,OriginLab公司),InDraw软件(版本号6.0.6,上海鹰谷信息科技有限公司)。
采用Fusion-RP C18(50 mm×2.0 mm,4 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,95%A;1~5 min,95%A→10%A;5~6 min,10%A;6~7 min,95%A),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温箱温度40 ℃,进样体积10 μL。
TOF MS-IDA MS/MS,CUR帘气0.20 MPa,碰撞气CAD为7 MPa,IS电压5 500 V/-4 500 V,离子源温度500 ℃,雾化气GAS1为0.38 MPa,辅助气GAS2为0.48 MPa,DP电压±60 V,裂解电压(35±15)V,累计时间0.2 s[17-18]
分别精密称取矢车菊素、飞燕草素、矮牵牛素、花葵素、芍药素和锦葵素对照品适量,精密称定,使用流动相A溶解,超声(40 kHz,200 W)混匀,制成质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的各对照品储备液。再分别移取各对照品储备液适量,放入50 mL量瓶中,用流动相A定容,制成各对照品含量为1 μg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液。
在SCIEX OS软件中创建IDA+TOF MS的组合方法,使用TOF区进行质量分析,信息相关采集(information dependent acquisition,IDA)设定研究的6个花色素所对应的参考质谱数据,使用表格工具分析产物离子数据,根据需要增加断键的数量和类型,剔除程序生成的不太可能的碎片,得到合理的碎片离子,再依据文献[19]修改产物离子碎片的结构,推导花色素的裂解规律和特征离子。
根据一级质谱结果,6个花色素在正模式电喷雾模式下的前体离子主要为[M]+,未见有加合离子[M+H]+。在SCIEX OS中按前体离子数据查找6个花色素前体离子[M]+分别在MS2结果图的位置,得到对应的产物离子碎片结果,得到对应的产物离子碎片结果,碎片信息见表1
图2-A m/z 271.060 0为花葵素的[M]+峰,m/z 272.064 2为花葵素[M]+的同位素峰。图2-B显示花葵素裂解路径,主要是基团丢失B环的裂解[25-26],裂解途径如图3所示。
花色素的中性丢失以CO、H2O为主,形成质荷比有规律递减的离子碎片。这种连续中性丢失裂解规律,与黄酮等其他黄酮类化合物的裂解特征[20-24]相符。花色素的苯并吡喃鎓结构化学稳定性与苯、萘类似,裂解过程也与苯、萘相似,B环发生逆Dies-Alder重排(简称RDA)裂解,生成特征离子对[25]。花色素发生RDA反应的位置,与Luo等[26]研究相符,起点都是B环氧分子与C之间。他们基于量子力学计算发现,花色素B环上O分子和C之间形成的C=O键,当该键受到亲核攻击时,吡喃环丢失1个质子,发生分子内消除反应,产生1个α,β-不饱和酮,最终分子内发生反醛醇缩合反应。
图4-A显示m/z 287.054 9为矢车菊素的[M]+图4-B显示裂解路径主要是基团丢失和B环裂解[23],裂解途径如图5所示。该反应文献中矢车菊糖苷及其衍生物的裂解结果一致[27]
矢车菊生成的m/z 139.054 2碎片,SCIEX OS软件计算为C11H7+,与花葵素生成的m/z 141.069 9碎片,刚好相差2个H原子的质量,因为矢车菊C环上比花葵素多1个OH基团,导致丢失多2个H原子,推测2种花色素最后都是开环裂解,形成直链烃。
图6-A显示m/z 303.050 0为飞燕草素的[M]+图6-B中显示裂解路径主要是基团丢失和B环的裂解反应,裂解途径如图7所示。
Phan等[28]通过Cy-3-Glc模型计算Hirshfeld-I电荷对HOMO和LUMO的贡献,发现B环和C环的基团对HOMO的贡献最高。因此飞燕草丢失顺序为B环2,3之间的C-OH基团先丢失,再丢失C环上的3个R1、R2、OH基团。MS2图可以发现随着C环上基团的增加,飞燕草素开始出现C环裂解产物。
图8-A显示m/z 301.070 0为[M]+图8-B显示裂解路径主要是基团丢失和C环的裂解,裂解途径如图9所示。
含有甲氧基的芍药素裂解反应主要为环上的基团发生中性丢失,倾向生成环上基团更少,结构更对称的结构,这与文献[29-32]研究发现类似。联苯结构中2个苯环假如以单键直接相连,形成更为稳定的共轭体结构,有利于维持其低分子势能的稳定性。3’位含甲氧基使得C环对称性较差,芍药素的裂解过程,会朝向形成稳定的共轭结构的方向反应。花色素随着C环上的取代基增多,素裂解反应主要集中在基团丢失为主,环裂解反应逐渐变少。
矮牵牛素MS图中显示m/z 317.065 6为[M]+,MS2图中显示裂解路径主要是基团丢失和C环的裂解,裂解途径如图11所示。矮牵牛素发生C裂解反应的产物比其余5个花色素明显。
图12-A显示m/z 331.080 7为[M]+图12-B显示裂解路径主要是基团丢失、C环的裂解、B环的裂解和BC环上CC键的断裂,裂解途径如图13所示。
锦葵素倾向先丢失甲氧基,再丢失其他基团,丢失2个甲氧基后,还会形成较为稳定的环内键,该结果与Alberts等[35]研究一致。含有甲氧基的芍药素、矮牵牛素和锦葵素数据中都连续出现质荷比相差1个H原子质量的特征碎片,是前体离子丢失CH4、CH3·所生成的一系列产物,如锦葵素的m/z 229.049 2碎片和m/z 228.041 8碎片,m/z 201.054 4碎片和m/z 200.047 2碎片,该类特征离子在质谱中可以用于鉴别是否含有甲氧基的花色素。
本研究使用UHPLC-Q TOF MS法,对矢车菊素、飞燕草素、矮牵牛素、花葵素、芍药素和锦葵色素的质谱裂解路径进行分析,识别出特征离子,总结了主要的几种裂解规律,并按结构异同进行了相互验证。该研究结果对花色素及其加工品的快速鉴别具有重要意义,也为后续药物代谢产物研究提供有力的理论支持。
通过查询对照品厂家给出的溶解性资料,对矢车菊素、飞燕草素、矮牵牛素、花葵素、芍药素和锦葵素的对照品可溶于甲醇、乙醇、DMSO等有机溶剂,因此采用了甲醇作为溶剂,后续研究开发可以考虑使用更为环保的乙醇。
花色素在分析裂解过程中丢失CO、CHO、H2O环上的基团,但不能确定具体位置,以及哪一个裂解产物含量更高。在后续研究中,可以利用量子力学方法进行密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,得出具有较高的反应活性的位置,从而推导出发生主要反应的基团部位。
  • *河源市社会发展科技计划项目(230613111602379)
  • 广东省口岸安全智能化检测重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2023B1212010011)
  • 2017中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2017245)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243
  • 接收时间:2024-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-12-31
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-10
基金
*河源市社会发展科技计划项目(230613111602379)
广东省口岸安全智能化检测重点实验室开放课题资助项目(2023B1212010011)
2017中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2017245)
作者信息
    1.河源市食品检验所,河源 517000
    2.黄埔海关技术中心,东莞 523000
    3.河源市药品检验所,河源 517000
    4.浙江大学衢州研究院,衢州 324000
    5.广州海关技术中心河源分中心,河源 517000

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**Tel:13560208500;E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0243
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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