Article(id=1239184754097050148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713888000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773374268316, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1735574400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773374268316, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773374268316, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374268316, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239184752507408921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='12', pageStart='2011', pageEnd='2188', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773374267937, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773374446543, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239185501702377865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239184752507408921, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2023, endPage=2032, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239184757599294004, articleId=1239184754097050148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Identification of novel anti-depressant compound WJ-14 metabolites in rats and human liver microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS*, columnId=1239184757519602223, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Metabolism Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To investigate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WJ-14, a novel anti-depressant compound, in rats and human liver microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS.

Methods:

Samples of rat plasma and urine, as well as in vitro incubation system of human liver microsomes were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Chromatographic conditions: the chromatographic conditions were as follows: Hypersil BDS C18 (100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) column, with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)-methanol (B) as the mobile phase, gradient elution flow rate 0.4 mL·min-1, column temperature 40 ℃, and injection volume 5 μL. The identification of metabolites and speculation on the metabolic pathways of WJ-14 were conducted by comparing the fragmentation mode and characteristic fragment ions of WJ-14.

Results:

A total of 12 metabolites of WJ-14 were identified, including 6 in rat and 6 in human liver microsomes, with two metabolites were detected in both rat and human liver microsomes. The major metabolic pathways of WJ-14 were identified as hydroxylation, demethylation, hydration, glucuronidation and methylation.

Conclusion:

In this work, we investigated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WJ-14 using HPLC-MS/MS for the first time. The metabolism of WJ-14 occurred in phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions, in which hydroxylation in phase Ⅰ is dominant. The results of the current study may provide valuable information for the formulation development and application of WJ-14.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-sheng YANG, Lin-hu YE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei-yin HUANG, Li-shou YANG, Yi-wen ZHANG, Xiao-sheng YANG, Lin-hu YE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239184760413672084, articleId=1239184754097050148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中代谢产物的HPLC-MS/MS分析*, columnId=1239184757708345914, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=代谢分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

研究新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中的代谢产物和代谢途径。

方法:

采用HPLC-MS/MS对大鼠血浆和尿液,以及人肝微粒体体外孵育体系样本进行分析。色谱条件:采用Hypersil BDS C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,以含0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量5 μL。结合WJ-14的碎裂方式和特征碎片离子对WJ-14的代谢产物进行鉴定,并推测其代谢途径。

结果:

共鉴定出WJ-14的代谢产物12个,大鼠体内6个,人肝微粒体中6个,其中2个代谢物在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中都被检测到。WJ-14的代谢途径为羟基化、去甲基化、水合、葡萄糖醛酸化和甲基化。

结论:

利用HPLC-MS/MS技术对WJ-14的代谢产物和代谢途径进行研究,WJ-14的代谢途径包括Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢,其中以Ⅰ相代谢中的羟基化为主。研究结果可为WJ-14的制剂开发和应用提供参考。

, correspAuthors=杨小生, 叶林虎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**杨小生 Tel:(0851)83809055;E-mail:
叶林虎 Tel:(0857)8295803;E-mail:
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Tel:17588815422;E-mail:

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Chin J Hosp Pharm202040(5):579, articleTitle=Recent advances in hepatic “metabolism-transport interplay” and its effect on drug pharmacokinetics,clinical efficacy and toxicity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218784150548776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=1221, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=27, authorNames=赵世宇, 刘帅兵, 王月琴, journalName=中国药理学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵世宇,刘帅兵,王月琴,等. m~6A修饰对药物代谢酶和药物转运体的调控作用[J]. 中国药理学通报202440(7):1221, articleTitle=m~6A修饰对药物代谢酶和药物转运体的调控作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218784247017772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=1221, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHAO SY, LIU SB, WANG YQ, journalName=Chin Pharmacol Bull, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO SYLIU SBWANG YQ,et al. m~6A modification regulates drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters[J]. 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A、B.血浆(plasma) C、D.尿液(urine) E、F.人肝微粒体(human liver microsomes)

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M1.水合(hydration) M2.三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation) M3.去甲基化-葡萄糖醛酸化(demethylation-glucuronidation) M4.去甲基化(demethylation) M5.双羟基化(di-hydroxylation) M6.甲基化(methylation)

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M7.羟基化(hydroxylation) M8.羟基化(hydroxylation) M9.羟基化(hydroxylation) M10.去甲基化(demethylation) M11.三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation) M12.三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)

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Grouping of in vitro incubation systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组成
(constitute)
实验组
(experimental group)
对照组1(无人肝微粒体)
(control group 1,without human liver microsomes)
对照组2(无WJ-14)
(control group 2,without WJ-14)
对照组3(无NADPH)
(control group 3,without NADPH)
人肝微粒体(human liver microsomes) (1 mg·mL-1)10-1010
NADPH(3 mmol·L-1)404040-
磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾(Na2HPO4-KH2PO4)(100 mmol·L-1)100100100100
氯化镁(MgCl2)(3.3 mmol·L-1)20202020
WJ-14(100 μg·mL-1)22-2
水(H2O)28383068
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778601484396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

体外孵育体系分组(μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组成
(constitute)
实验组
(experimental group)
对照组1(无人肝微粒体)
(control group 1,without human liver microsomes)
对照组2(无WJ-14)
(control group 2,without WJ-14)
对照组3(无NADPH)
(control group 3,without NADPH)
人肝微粒体(human liver microsomes) (1 mg·mL-1)10-1010
NADPH(3 mmol·L-1)404040-
磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾(Na2HPO4-KH2PO4)(100 mmol·L-1)100100100100
氯化镁(MgCl2)(3.3 mmol·L-1)20202020
WJ-14(100 μg·mL-1)22-2
水(H2O)28383068
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778693759094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Gradient elution program of WJ-14

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t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
流动相A(mobile phase A)流动相B(mobile phase B)
09010
29010
43565
123565
12.19010
149010
), ArticleFig(id=1239218778819588221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

WJ-14的梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min流动相比例(ratio of mobile phase)/%
流动相A(mobile phase A)流动相B(mobile phase B)
09010
29010
43565
123565
12.19010
149010
), ArticleFig(id=1239218779914301570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Biotransformation for common phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(No.)得到/失去(gain/lose)元素组成(formula)质量变化(mass offset)生物转化类型(biotransformation type)
11O16羟基化(hydroxylation)
22O32双羟基化(di-hydroxylation)
33O48三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)
41H2O18水合(hydration)
51H22氢化(hydrogenation)
6-1CH214去甲基化(demethylation)
7-1H22脱氢(dehydrogenation)
81SO380硫酸化(sulfation)
91CH214甲基化(methylation)
102CH228双甲基化(di-methylation)
111C6O6H8176葡萄糖醛酸化(glucuronidation)
122C6O6H8352双葡萄糖醛酸化(bis-glucuronidation)
131C6O9H8S256葡萄糖醛酸-硫酸化(gluc-sulfation)
141C6O7H8192葡萄糖醛酸-羟基化(gluc-hydroxylation)
151C10H15N3O6S305谷胱甘肽结合(gsh)
161C6H10O5162糖基化(glucose)
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780077879433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

常见的Ⅰ、Ⅱ相代谢的生物转化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号(No.)得到/失去(gain/lose)元素组成(formula)质量变化(mass offset)生物转化类型(biotransformation type)
11O16羟基化(hydroxylation)
22O32双羟基化(di-hydroxylation)
33O48三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)
41H2O18水合(hydration)
51H22氢化(hydrogenation)
6-1CH214去甲基化(demethylation)
7-1H22脱氢(dehydrogenation)
81SO380硫酸化(sulfation)
91CH214甲基化(methylation)
102CH228双甲基化(di-methylation)
111C6O6H8176葡萄糖醛酸化(glucuronidation)
122C6O6H8352双葡萄糖醛酸化(bis-glucuronidation)
131C6O9H8S256葡萄糖醛酸-硫酸化(gluc-sulfation)
141C6O7H8192葡萄糖醛酸-羟基化(gluc-hydroxylation)
151C10H15N3O6S305谷胱甘肽结合(gsh)
161C6H10O5162糖基化(glucose)
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780182737041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Metabolites of WJ-14 in rats and human liver microsomes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物
(metabolite)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
生物转化类型
(biotransformation type)
[M+H]+m/z特征碎片离子
(major fragments ions)m/z
检测位置(detection location)
血浆
(plasma)
(0~2 h)
血浆
(plasma)
(2~4 h)
血浆
(plasma)
(4~8 h)
尿液
(urine)
人肝微粒体
(human liver microsomes)
M14.71水合(hydration)300282、153、196++-+-
M29.26三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、151、105-++++
M312.40去甲基化-葡萄糖醛酸化(demethylation-glucuronidation)444268、163、121-++--
M43.81去甲基化(demethylation)268121、91、109+--++
M52.85双羟基化(di-hydroxylation)314282、167、210-++--
M64.83甲基化(methylation)296135、149、192-+-+-
M74.74羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、135、121----+
M85.76羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、178、121----+
M97.48羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、135、121----+
M105.51去甲基化(demethylation)268135、109、91+--++
M115.70三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、312、135-++++
M127.46三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、312、135-++++
), ArticleFig(id=1239218780295983253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239184754097050148, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

WJ-14在大鼠和人肝微粒体中的代谢产物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物
(metabolite)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
生物转化类型
(biotransformation type)
[M+H]+m/z特征碎片离子
(major fragments ions)m/z
检测位置(detection location)
血浆
(plasma)
(0~2 h)
血浆
(plasma)
(2~4 h)
血浆
(plasma)
(4~8 h)
尿液
(urine)
人肝微粒体
(human liver microsomes)
M14.71水合(hydration)300282、153、196++-+-
M29.26三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、151、105-++++
M312.40去甲基化-葡萄糖醛酸化(demethylation-glucuronidation)444268、163、121-++--
M43.81去甲基化(demethylation)268121、91、109+--++
M52.85双羟基化(di-hydroxylation)314282、167、210-++--
M64.83甲基化(methylation)296135、149、192-+-+-
M74.74羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、135、121----+
M85.76羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、178、121----+
M97.48羟基化(hydroxylation)298282、135、121----+
M105.51去甲基化(demethylation)268135、109、91+--++
M115.70三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、312、135-++++
M127.46三羟基化(tri-hydroxylation)330282、312、135-++++
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新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中代谢产物的HPLC-MS/MS分析*
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黄卫胤 1 , 杨礼寿 2, 3 , 张轶雯 4 , 杨小生 2, 3, ** , 叶林虎 1, 5, **
药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024,44(12): 2023-2032
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药物分析杂志 | 代谢分析 2024, 44(12): 2023-2032
新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中代谢产物的HPLC-MS/MS分析*
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黄卫胤1 , 杨礼寿2, 3, 张轶雯4, 杨小生2, 3, ** , 叶林虎1, 5, **
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省人民医院毕节医院 药学部,毕节 551700
  • 2.贵州省天然产物研究中心,贵阳 550014
  • 3.贵州医科大学省部共建药用植物功效与利用国家重点实验室,贵阳 550025
  • 4.浙江省人民医院药学部杭州医学院附属人民医院,杭州 310014
  • 5.华南理工大学附属第六医院,佛山 528000
  • Tel:17588815422;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**杨小生 Tel:(0851)83809055;E-mail:
叶林虎 Tel:(0857)8295803;E-mail:
Identification of novel anti-depressant compound WJ-14 metabolites in rats and human liver microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS*
Wei-yin HUANG1 , Li-shou YANG2, 3, Yi-wen ZHANG4, Xiao-sheng YANG2, 3, ** , Lin-hu YE1, 5, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Bijie Hospital, Bijie 551700, China
  • 2.Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 4.Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
  • 5.The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Foshan 528000, China
出版时间: 2024-12-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0276
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目的:

研究新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中的代谢产物和代谢途径。

方法:

采用HPLC-MS/MS对大鼠血浆和尿液,以及人肝微粒体体外孵育体系样本进行分析。色谱条件:采用Hypersil BDS C18(100 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,以含0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量5 μL。结合WJ-14的碎裂方式和特征碎片离子对WJ-14的代谢产物进行鉴定,并推测其代谢途径。

结果:

共鉴定出WJ-14的代谢产物12个,大鼠体内6个,人肝微粒体中6个,其中2个代谢物在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中都被检测到。WJ-14的代谢途径为羟基化、去甲基化、水合、葡萄糖醛酸化和甲基化。

结论:

利用HPLC-MS/MS技术对WJ-14的代谢产物和代谢途径进行研究,WJ-14的代谢途径包括Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢,其中以Ⅰ相代谢中的羟基化为主。研究结果可为WJ-14的制剂开发和应用提供参考。

WJ-14  /  高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术  /  代谢产物  /  人肝微粒体  /  代谢途径
Objective:

To investigate the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WJ-14, a novel anti-depressant compound, in rats and human liver microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS.

Methods:

Samples of rat plasma and urine, as well as in vitro incubation system of human liver microsomes were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Chromatographic conditions: the chromatographic conditions were as follows: Hypersil BDS C18 (100 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) column, with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)-methanol (B) as the mobile phase, gradient elution flow rate 0.4 mL·min-1, column temperature 40 ℃, and injection volume 5 μL. The identification of metabolites and speculation on the metabolic pathways of WJ-14 were conducted by comparing the fragmentation mode and characteristic fragment ions of WJ-14.

Results:

A total of 12 metabolites of WJ-14 were identified, including 6 in rat and 6 in human liver microsomes, with two metabolites were detected in both rat and human liver microsomes. The major metabolic pathways of WJ-14 were identified as hydroxylation, demethylation, hydration, glucuronidation and methylation.

Conclusion:

In this work, we investigated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of WJ-14 using HPLC-MS/MS for the first time. The metabolism of WJ-14 occurred in phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions, in which hydroxylation in phase Ⅰ is dominant. The results of the current study may provide valuable information for the formulation development and application of WJ-14.

WJ-14  /  HPLC-MS/MS  /  metabolites  /  human liver microsomes  /  metabolic pathways
黄卫胤, 杨礼寿, 张轶雯, 杨小生, 叶林虎. 新型抗抑郁化合物WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体中代谢产物的HPLC-MS/MS分析*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2023 -2032 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0276
Wei-yin HUANG, Li-shou YANG, Yi-wen ZHANG, Xiao-sheng YANG, Lin-hu YE. Identification of novel anti-depressant compound WJ-14 metabolites in rats and human liver microsomes by HPLC-MS/MS*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (12) : 2023 -2032 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0276
抑郁症是以情感低落、思维缓慢、意志活动减弱和认知功能受损等为主要临床特征的疾病,现已成为全球第二大医疗隐患[1-3]。抑郁症发病机制尚未完全阐明且发病因素复杂,目前使用的抗抑郁药物存在效率低,起效慢,服用周期长等不足[4]
近年来研究发现,氨基酸类神经递质,尤其是谷氨酸与抑郁症的发病机制密切相关,在抑郁症患者顶叶皮质中发现谷氨酸水平明显升高[5-6]N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体是一种离子型的谷氨酸受体,其抑制剂或是变构调节剂可产生快速、持久的抗抑郁效果[7-9]。2019年美国FDA批准艾司氯胺酮(esketamine,NMDA受体拮抗剂)鼻内制剂上市,用于治疗重度抑郁症,2023年在中国获批上市,与其他口服抗抑郁药联合使用,用于缓解成人伴有自杀意念的抑郁状态,具有起效快,持续时间长等特点,但其使用的成瘾性和不良反应仍值得关注[10-11]
在此前的研究中,设计并合成了一系列新型1-苯基-吡咯并[1,2-b]异喹啉-3-酮衍生物,代表化合物为(1R,10aR)-1-(4-氟苯基)-吡咯并[1,2-b]异喹啉-3-酮(WJ-14),母核结构为吡咯并异喹啉,吡咯环上1位为对氟苯基取代,结构式见图1[12]。体内活性评价显示在慢性不可预见性刺激模型的小鼠中,WJ-14有明显的抗抑郁效果;体外活性评价显示其作用于NMDA受体(拮抗NMDA受体,对其受体蛋白的表达有较好的抑制作用),并对NMDA诱导的PC12细胞损伤有明显的保护作用;分子虚拟对接显示,WJ-14母核结构吡咯并异喹啉、对氟苯基、N原子及酮羰基与NMDA受体氨基酸残基存在多种相互作用,能有效的嵌入到NMDA受体的蛋白空腔中,发挥显著的NMDA受体拮抗活性,具有良好的开发前景[12-14]。此外,WJ-14能快速透过血脑屏障,大鼠口服给药后5 min,即可在其大脑内检测到WJ-14,具备快速起效抗抑郁化合物的药代动力学基础[15]。进一步研究发现WJ-14在大鼠体内具有广泛的分布和消除,且口服给药后主要分布在肝脏,而肝脏是人体主要的代谢器官,是机体代谢外源性物质的主要场所[15-18]
因此,为了系统分析WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中的代谢产物,本文基于HPLC-MS/MS方法,结合多反应监测-相关信息获取-增强产物离子扫描(MRM-IDA-EPI)技术对WJ-14的代谢产物进行系统分析[19-21],并推测其代谢途径,为WJ-14深入的体内代谢研究、制剂开发和应用提供参考。
WJ-14由贵州省天然产物研究中心提供(经核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱以及TLC检测,纯度>99%),人肝微粒体(批号M10001.2018001,规格20 mg·mL-1)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH,批号814A022,纯度>98%)均购自武汉普莱特生物医药技术有限公司;HPLC级甲醇购自Fisher Scientific公司;HPLC级甲酸购自上海Macklin公司;实验用水购自广东Watsons公司;Solutol HS-15溶液购自上海MedChemExpress公司;其余试剂为分析纯,均购自国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司。
人肝微粒体在室温条件下解冻、分装并储存于液氮中。
安捷伦1260型高效液相色谱仪,Agilent Technologies公司;AB SCIEX 4500 QTRAP质谱仪(配有Metabolite ID分析软件和Analyst 1.6.3数据处理系统),AB SCIEX公司;ST16R型高速冷冻离心机,Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;XP305AS型十万分之一电子天平,上海析平科学仪器有限公司;THZ-82A型水浴恒温振荡器,常州金坛良友仪器有限公司;离心浓缩仪,LABCONCO公司;VORTEX-5型漩涡混合器,海门其林贝尔仪器。
16只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠[体质量(200±20) g]购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司[合格证号:SCXK(湘)2019-0004],大鼠饲养于标准湿度、温度和光照条件下,实验开始前大鼠可自由进食饮水。本研究所有动物实验经浙江省人民医院毕节医院医学伦理委员会批准[批准号:伦理(2023)5-2号]。
精密称取WJ-14粉末20.0 mg,溶解于1.0 mL的Solutol HS-15溶液中,再加入0.9%生理盐水19.0 mL,得到总体积为20.0 mL,质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的WJ-14给药液。
16只大鼠随机分为2组(给药组和对照组),每组8只,给药开始前大鼠需禁食12 h但不禁水。给药组的给药剂量为8.33 mg·kg-1,取“2.1.1”项下WJ-14给药液进行口服灌胃给药(给药剂量依据为前期研究结果,在给药8.33 mg·kg-1后,在慢性不可预见性刺激模型中观察到较好的效果,并对NMDA受体蛋白表达有较好的抑制效果[12-14])。对照组除不给予WJ-14外,其余与给药组平行。由于不同代谢物可能在给药后不同时间产生,因此本研究在给药后多点取血,以免遗漏可能的代谢产物。
大鼠灌胃给药后,分别在0.083、0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8 h[15]通过眼眶取血约400 μL,置于肝素化的离心管中,于4 ℃条件下,3 000 r·min-1离心10 min,得血浆样本,分别合并给药组、对照组0~2 h、2~4 h、4~8 h的血浆样本;收集并合并给药组、对照组大鼠0~8 h的尿液样本;将血浆和尿液样本保存在-20 ℃冰箱中,待用。
给药组取各时间段合并血浆或尿液样本100 μL。对照组取各时间段合并血浆或尿液样本90 μL加入1 000 ng·mL-1WJ-14给药液10 μL并混匀,使WJ-14在对照组血浆及尿液样本中的浓度为100 ng·mL-1
采用液液萃取法,选择乙酸乙酯作为萃取试剂。在100 μL血浆或尿液样本加入乙酸乙酯1.6 mL后涡旋震荡萃取10 min,于4 ℃条件下,以12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液转移至新的离心管中,12 000 r·min-1离心,挥干,再加入80%甲醇水溶液200 μL复溶,充分混匀后于4 ℃条件下,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液进样分析。
精密称取WJ-14粉末10.0 mg,溶解于1 mL甲醇溶液中,得到10 mg·mL-1 WJ-14给药液。
建立人肝微粒体体外孵育体系,体系组成及终浓度为人肝微粒体(1 mg·mL-1)、NADPH(3 mmol·L-1)、磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钾混合缓冲液(100 mmol·L-1,pH=7.4)、二氯化镁(3.3 mmol·L-1)、WJ-14(100 μg·mL-1)和水,控制反应总体积为200 μL。
体外孵育实验中设置3个对照组,分别是无人肝微粒体组、无底物组和无NADPH组,以充分考虑孵育体系组成中可能存在的干扰物,具体分组信息及各分组化合物组成见表1,其中WJ-14给药液为“2.2.1”项下溶液,控制反应体系中甲醇的含量不超过1%。实验组、对照组1及对照组2在不加入NADPH的条件下先在37 ℃水浴恒温振荡器中预孵育5 min,随后加入NADPH启动反应;对照组3不含NADPH,直接启动反应。体外孵育实验反应时间为4 h,随后加入冰甲醇200 μL终止反应。
取“2.2.3”项下反应结束后的混合溶液于4 ℃、12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液进样分析。
采用Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm),以含0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)为流动相,流速0.4 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量5 μL,采用梯度洗脱(洗脱程序见表2)。
使用电喷雾离子源在正离子模式,喷雾电压4 500 V,离子化温度450 ℃,气帘气气压68.95 kPa,碰撞气氦气,离子源雾化气1和离子源雾化气2气压均为344.75 kPa,去簇电压120 V,入口电压10 V,碰撞室出口电压9 V,碰撞能50 eV,碰撞能量变化范围15 eV,扫描范围为m/z 50~1 000。
基于MRM-IDA-EPI技术对WJ-14进行代谢产物分析鉴定。首先记录WJ-14及其主要碎片离子的m/z信息,随后使用Metabolite ID软件构建WJ-14可能进行的Ⅰ、Ⅱ相代谢的生物转化类型(见表3),并建立转化后的代谢产物及其主要碎片离子的m/z信息。在分析过程中,当MRM中某一通道的离子对产生的信号强度超过预设值,则立即触发IDA,系统在1 ms内自动切换为线性离子阱模式,触发EPI,离子阱阱集碎片离子并做质谱扫描,得到相应MRM通道的母离子的二级质谱图,从而用于该通道化合物的定性分析。数据采集处理系统采用Analyst 1.6.3。
在所述实验条件下,WJ-14的保留时间分别为10.92 min(血浆)、10.88 min(尿液)和10.50 min(体外孵育体系),在不同样本基质中经碰撞后的碎片离子的EPI一致性高,相关信息见图2。WJ-14的分子式为C18H16NOF,准分子离子为m/z 282 [M+H]+,WJ-14的主要碎片离子m/z为178、135、109、105、91。WJ-14可能的裂解途径见图3。根据药物体内代谢的一般规律,代谢产物与原型药物具有相似的裂解途径,且其碎片离子之间有很强的关联性。WJ-14的裂解途径及主要碎片离子可为其代谢产物结构的表征提供结构信息。
采用MRM-IDA-EPI技术对WJ-14的代谢产物进行分析。对比给药组和对照组的质谱图,根据WJ-14的裂解途径和主要碎片离子信息,结合WJ-14可能发生的代谢及其代谢产物与碎片离子的m/z信息,对可能的代谢产物进行定性分析。从样本分析结果的总离子流色谱图中得到12个代谢产物(M1~M12),其中大鼠体内代谢产物有6个(M1~M6);人肝微粒体外孵育体系中有6个(M7~M12)。相应代谢产物的保留时间、生物转化类型、代谢产物及其主要碎片离子的m/z信息和来源见表4,大鼠体内代谢产物的空白样本图谱、提取离子流图谱及增强产物离子扫描图谱见图4;人肝微粒体外孵育体系中代谢产物的空白样本图谱、提取离子流图谱及增强产物离子扫描图谱见图5。WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中的可能代谢途径见图6
代谢物M1分析:代谢物M1的保留时间为4.71 min,其分子式为C18H18NO2F,准分子离子为m/z 300[M+H]+,比WJ-14多18,推测为WJ-14的水合代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M1脱H2O后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 153为WJ-14特征碎片离子m/z 135加18(H2O)后的离子;m/z 196为WJ-14特征碎片离子m/z 178加18(H2O)后的离子。M1在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中都能检测到。
代谢物M2分析:代谢物M2的保留时间为9.26 min,其分子式为C18H16NO4F,准分子离子为m/z 330[M+H]+,比WJ-14多48,推测为WJ-14的三羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M2脱3OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 151为WJ-14特征碎片离子m/z 135加OH后的离子;m/z 105为WJ-14的特征碎片离子。M2在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中都能检测到,同时在人肝微粒体中也检测到相同质荷比的准分子离子。
代谢物M3分析:代谢物M3的保留时间为12.40 min,其分子式为C23H22NO7F,准分子离子为m/z 444[M+H]+,比WJ-14多162,推测为WJ-14先发生一相代谢反应去甲基化(-14)后,再发生二相代谢反应葡萄糖醛酸化结合(+176)代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 268为M3脱葡萄糖醛酸化后的离子,同时也是WJ-14去甲基后的离子;m/z 163为M3特征碎片离子m/z 268丢失105碎片后的离子;m/z 121为WJ-14特征碎片离子m/z 135丢失14(CH2)碎片后的离子。M3只在大鼠体内血浆中检测到。
代谢物M4分析:代谢物M4的保留时间为3.81 min,其分子式为C17H14NOF,准分子离子为m/z 268[M+H]+,比WJ-14少m/z 14,推测为WJ-14的去甲基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 121为WJ-14特征碎片离子m/z 135丢失14(CH2)碎片后的离子;m/z 91为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 109为WJ-14的特征碎片离子。M4在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中都能检测到,同时在人肝微粒体中也检测到相同质荷比的准分子离子。
代谢物M5分析:代谢物M5的保留时间为2.85 min,其分子式为C18H16NO3F,准分子离子为m/z 314[M+H]+,比WJ-14多32,推测为WJ-14的双羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M5脱2OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 167为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 135加32(2OH)后的离子;m/z 210为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 178加32(2OH)后的离子。M5只在大鼠体内血浆中检测到。
代谢物M6分析:代谢物M6的保留时间为4.83 min,其分子式为C19H18NOF,准分子离子为m/z 296[M+H]+,比WJ-14多14,推测为WJ-14的甲基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 149为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 135加14(CH2)后的离子;m/z 192为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 178加14(CH2)后的离子。M6在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中都能检测到。
代谢物M7分析:代谢物M7的保留时间为4.74 min,其分子式为C18H16NO2F,准分子离子为m/z 298 [M+H]+,比WJ-14多16,推测为WJ-14的单羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M7脱OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 121为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 105加OH后的离子。M7只在人肝微粒体中检测到。
代谢物M8分析:代谢物M8的保留时间为5.76 min,其分子式为C18H16NO2F,准分子离子为m/z 298[M+H]+,比WJ-14多16,推测为WJ-14的单羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M7脱OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 178为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 121为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 105加OH后的离子。M8只在人肝微粒体中检测到。
代谢物M9分析:代谢物M9的保留时间为7.48 min,其分子式为C18H16NO2F,准分子离子为m/z 298[M+H]+,比WJ-14多16,推测为WJ-14的单羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M7脱OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 121为WJ-14的特征碎片离子m/z 105加OH后的离子。M9只在人肝微粒体中检测到。代谢物M7~M9中均发现较强的m/z 121的碎片离子,同时也出现m/z 135和m/z 178等WJ-14的特征碎片离子,推测代谢的位置为异喹啉骨架上。
代谢物M10分析:代谢物M10的保留时间为5.51 min,其分子式为C17H14NOF,准分子离子为m/z 268[M+H]+,比WJ-14少14,推测为WJ-14的去甲基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 109为WJ-14的特征碎片离子;m/z 91为WJ-14的特征碎片离子。M10在人肝微粒体中检测到,同时在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中也检测到相同质荷比的准分子离子。
代谢物M11分析:代谢物M11的保留时间为5.70 min,其分子式为C18H16NO4F,准分子离子为m/z 330[M+H]+,比WJ-14多48,推测为WJ-14的三羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M11脱OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 312为M11脱H2O后的离子;m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子。M11在人肝微粒体中检测到,同时在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中也检测到相同质荷比的准分子离子。
代谢物M12分析:代谢物M12的保留时间为7.46 min,其分子式为C18H16NO4F,准分子离子为m/z 330 [M+H]+,比WJ-14多48,推测为WJ-14的三羟基化代谢产物。主要的特征碎片离子m/z 282为M12脱OH后的WJ-14原型药物;m/z 312为M12脱H2O后的离子;m/z 135为WJ-14的特征碎片离子。M12在人肝微粒体中检测到,同时在大鼠体内血浆和尿液中也检测到相同质荷比的准分子离子。
本文采用HPLC-MS/MS结合MRM-IDA-EPI技术首次对新型NMDA受体拮抗剂WJ-14口服给药后大鼠体内以及人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中的代谢产物进行鉴定。在方法建立阶段,样本前处理方法我们考察了液液萃取法和蛋白沉淀法,后者通常使用甲醇或者乙腈作为沉淀试剂,前期分析中发现该方法提取回收率低且有明显的基质效应,不利于定性分析WJ-14在大鼠体内的代谢产物,因此选择液液萃取法作为大鼠体内样本的前处理方法[11]
WJ-14在3种基质中保留时间差异小,且碎片离子的EPI一致性高,色谱条件中梯度洗脱程序能对不同代谢物进行较好的分离;且在质谱条件中,每个代谢产物都有3~5个主要碎片离子以供结构解析。本文所建立的MRM-IDA-EPI方法稳定、可靠,重复性好,可用于WJ-14代谢产物的结构鉴定。
在大鼠给药模型中,通过在对照组血浆及尿液样本中加入WJ-14作为空白样本,与给药组样本进行比对来确定代谢产物,综合考虑WJ-14的溶液中本身存在的其他干扰物质对实验结果的影响。而在人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中,通过设置3个对照组——无人肝微粒体组、无底物组和无NADPH组,来充分考虑孵育体系组成中可能存在的干扰物质。
本实验共鉴定12个代谢产物,其中大鼠体内代谢产物有6个(M1~M6);人肝微粒体外孵育体系中代谢产物有6个(M7~M12)。WJ-14的代谢反应涉及Ⅰ相代谢(羟基化、去甲基化、水合)和Ⅱ相代谢(葡萄糖醛酸化、甲基化),其中以Ⅰ相代谢为主,而Ⅰ相代谢中,WJ-14主要发生的代谢类型为羟基化。其中准分子离子为m/z 268[M+H]+的代谢物M4和M10,以及m/z 330 [M+H]+的代谢物M2、M11、M12在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中都检测到,但其保留时间不同,推测是发生了相同的代谢反应类型,由代谢反应的不同位置导致。代谢物M3结合了Ⅰ相(去甲基化)和II相代谢反应(葡萄糖醛酸化)。代谢物M7~M9中均发现较强的m/z 121的碎片离子,同时也出现m/z 135和m/z 178等WJ-14的特征碎片离子,推测代谢的位置为异喹啉骨架上。
本文通过HPLC-MS/MS技术对新型NMDA受体拮抗剂WJ-14在大鼠体内和人肝微粒体体外孵育体系中的代谢产物和代谢途径进行了系统的分析鉴定,将为WJ-14的后续制剂开发和应用提供参考。但对于代谢反应相同而代谢位置不同或具有相似质谱碎裂方式的代谢产物,仅通过质谱技术难以确定其代谢位置,有待后续进一步研究。
  • *国家自然科学基金资助项目(81860609)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般424)
  • 毕节市科技局联合基金项目([2023] 61)
  • 佛山市“十四五”医学重点专科
  • 毕节市科技局重大专项([2023]2-1)
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2024年第44卷第12期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0276
  • 接收时间:2024-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-24
基金
*国家自然科学基金资助项目(81860609)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般424)
毕节市科技局联合基金项目([2023] 61)
佛山市“十四五”医学重点专科
毕节市科技局重大专项([2023]2-1)
作者信息
    1.浙江省人民医院毕节医院 药学部,毕节 551700
    2.贵州省天然产物研究中心,贵阳 550014
    3.贵州医科大学省部共建药用植物功效与利用国家重点实验室,贵阳 550025
    4.浙江省人民医院药学部杭州医学院附属人民医院,杭州 310014
    5.华南理工大学附属第六医院,佛山 528000

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叶林虎 Tel:(0857)8295803;E-mail:
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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