Article(id=1239173814152655573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.13, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1700064000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773371660029, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1709136000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-29, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371660029, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371660029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371660029, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239173808419033435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='185', pageEnd='372', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371658663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371757717, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=298, endPage=306, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239173814374953699, articleId=1239173814152655573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Investigation the container closure integrity of the pressurized metered dose inhalers by helium mass spectrometry, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish and verify the helium mass spectrometry detection method to test the sealing integrity of the container closure system (CCS) of pressurized metered dose aerosols (pMDIs).

Methods:

Determined the maximum allowable leakage limit (MALL) of pMDIs of CCS in the whole life cycle. The special test chambers and helium filling devices were designed and manufactured, and helium filling devices to test the negative and positive control samples under high pressure (absolute pressure 672 kPa) and normal pressure (absolute pressure 100 kPa) respectively. According to the requirements of methodology validation, the validation of detection limit, system suitability, precision, specificity and detection range indicators were completed.The accelerated sample sealing integrity testing for 3, 6 months and 3, 12, 24 months in the long-term stability inspection period was achieved.

Results:

Under both helium-filled pressure conditions, the methodological validation indicators were in line with the acceptable standards, and the results of the stability samples were less than the detection limits. This method can detect 100% that the equivalent pore diameter of pMDIs product CCS was 0.095 μm and above.

Conclusion:

The helium mass spectrometry detection method can quickly and quantitatively investigate the leakage rate of pMDIs products, prove the seal integrity of CCS with high sensitivity, and meet the industry’s requirements for pMDIs product quality control.

, correspAuthors=Qi SHAO, Lan CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-qing LEI, Qi SHAO, Lan CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239173818028192666, articleId=1239173814152655573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=氦质谱检测法考察定量压力气雾剂包装密封完整性, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立和验证氦质谱检测法测试定量压力气雾剂(pressurized metered dose inhalers,pMDIs)容器密封系统(container closure system,CCS)的密封完整性。

方法:

确定pMDIs的CCS在全生命周期内最大可允许泄漏限度(maximum allowable leakage limit,MALL)。设计并制作专属化的测试腔体以及充氦装置,分别在充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)的条件下,对阴性及阳性对照样品进行检测。根据方法学验证的要求,完成了检测限、系统适用性、精密度、专属性和检测范围等指标的验证,并实现了稳定性考察期间加速3、6个月,长期3、12、24个月等各点的样品密封完整性检测。

结果:

在2种充氦压力条件下,方法学验证指标均符合可接受标准,稳定性样品检测结果均小于检测限。该方法能够100%检出pMDIs产品CCS等效孔径为0.095 μm及以上的漏孔。

结论:

采用氦质谱检测方法能够快速定量考察pMDIs产品的泄漏率并证明CCS的密封完整性,具有较高的灵敏度,满足行业内对pMDIs产品质量控制的要求。

, correspAuthors=邵奇, 陈岚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邵奇 Tel:13818775817;E-mail:;
陈岚 Tel:13020211869;E-mail:
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Tel:13762632315;E-mail:

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A.装配图(assembly drawing) B.局部爆炸图(partial explosion diagram)

, figureFileSmall=xHzyXYHx2b+kBhjXACX6vQ==, figureFileBig=vWE9xia0EP3fHi+ZUH4Htg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173822885195907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Statistics of system suitability test results (*** represents P<0.001), figureFileSmall=JzzFHeAT3OK/Ys8Gg/I2XA==, figureFileBig=DFC+YOTCijXWJF1EyaCHaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173822994247812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=CN, label=图3, caption=系统适用性测试结果统计(***表示P<0.001), figureFileSmall=JzzFHeAT3OK/Ys8Gg/I2XA==, figureFileBig=DFC+YOTCijXWJF1EyaCHaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823132659849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Accuracy test results, figureFileSmall=l0GRlf/Uuux0chWBM/600Q==, figureFileBig=Eafra+/+dKQwYw7x6rR4Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823245906061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=CN, label=图4, caption=精确度检测结果, figureFileSmall=l0GRlf/Uuux0chWBM/600Q==, figureFileBig=Eafra+/+dKQwYw7x6rR4Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823489175700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Specificity test results, figureFileSmall=h8LIRTxjdJJWD6RIcqiASQ==, figureFileBig=JuQ9QPdpqN/2O3I3Y7EjkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823589839000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=CN, label=图5, caption=专属性测试结果, figureFileSmall=h8LIRTxjdJJWD6RIcqiASQ==, figureFileBig=JuQ9QPdpqN/2O3I3Y7EjkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823707279517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Test results of test samples, figureFileSmall=NYyS/WTg0pWYN73RkITF1g==, figureFileBig=Pie/AUQ7BsCG3AL+Cvs1Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823816331430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=CN, label=图6, caption=测试样品的测试结果, figureFileSmall=NYyS/WTg0pWYN73RkITF1g==, figureFileBig=Pie/AUQ7BsCG3AL+Cvs1Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173823942160556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Calibration leak parameter setting results (absolute pressure conditions)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(number)
入口压力
(inlet pressure)/kPa
出口压力
(outlet pressure)/kPa
温度
(temperature)/℃
氦气泄漏率
(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
等效孔径
(equivalent aperture)/μm
A672020±22.36×10-60.095
B100020±23.55×10-70.095
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校准漏孔参数设置结果(绝对压力条件)

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编号
(number)
入口压力
(inlet pressure)/kPa
出口压力
(outlet pressure)/kPa
温度
(temperature)/℃
氦气泄漏率
(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
等效孔径
(equivalent aperture)/μm
A672020±22.36×10-60.095
B100020±23.55×10-70.095
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Leakage rate conversion results of two pressurized helium states under the same aperture

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充压状态
(filling pressure condition)
入口压力
(inlet pressure)/kPa
出口压力
(outlet pressure)/kPa
温度
(temperature)/℃
等效孔径
(equivalent aperture)/μm
氦气泄漏率
(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1
高压(high pressure)672020±20.0952.36×10-6
常压(normal pressure)100020±20.0953.55×10-7
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相同孔径下2种充压氦气状态漏率转换结果

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充压状态
(filling pressure condition)
入口压力
(inlet pressure)/kPa
出口压力
(outlet pressure)/kPa
温度
(temperature)/℃
等效孔径
(equivalent aperture)/μm
氦气泄漏率
(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1
高压(high pressure)672020±20.0952.36×10-6
常压(normal pressure)100020±20.0953.55×10-7
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System suitability test results

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氦气泄漏率(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1ΔQ/%RSD/%
QaQb
5.00×10-94.89×10-92.201.3
2.25×10-82.23×10-80.890.76
1.59×10-71.56×10-71.891.31
2.07×10-62.05×10-60.971.01
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系统适用性测试结果

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氦气泄漏率(helium leak rate)/(Pa·m3·s-1ΔQ/%RSD/%
QaQb
5.00×10-94.89×10-92.201.3
2.25×10-82.23×10-80.890.76
1.59×10-71.56×10-71.891.31
2.07×10-62.05×10-60.971.01
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Verification results of detection range (positive control) (0.8 μm)

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压力状态
(pressure state)
测试次数
(number of test)
测试漏率值
(test leakage rate value)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
SD不合格数量
(unqualified quantity)
准确率
(accuracy)/%
最大值
(maximum)
最小值
(minimum)
平均值
(average)
常压(normal pressure)273.38×10-52.46×10-52.78×10-55.3227100
高压(high pressure)279.83×10-49.47×10-49.56×10-45.9727100
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检测范围验证结果(阳性对照样品)

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压力状态
(pressure state)
测试次数
(number of test)
测试漏率值
(test leakage rate value)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
SD不合格数量
(unqualified quantity)
准确率
(accuracy)/%
最大值
(maximum)
最小值
(minimum)
平均值
(average)
常压(normal pressure)273.38×10-52.46×10-52.78×10-55.3227100
高压(high pressure)279.83×10-49.47×10-49.56×10-45.9727100
), ArticleFig(id=1239173824772632789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173814152655573, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Instrument robustness results

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样品名称
(sample name)
充压状态
(pressure state)
测试结果(test result)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
40 s50 s60 s
阴性对照样品(negative control)常压(normal pressure)2.65×10-82.68×10-82.90×10-8
2.56×10-82.89×10-82.86×10-8
2.73×10-82.78×10-82.69×10-8
高压(high pressure)1.65×10-71.76×10-71.69×10-7
1.61×10-71.82×10-71.72×10-7
1.74×10-71.73×10-71.85×10-7
阳性对照样品(positive control)(0.2 μm)常压(normal pressure)1.58×10-61.74×10-61.81×10-6
1.62×10-61.59×10-61.76×10-6
1.67×10-61.71×10-61.73×10-6
高压(high pressure)3.43×10-53.76×10-53.66×10-5
3.55×10-53.68×10-53.72×10-5
3.65×10-53.73×10-53.78×10-5
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耐用性测试结果

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样品名称
(sample name)
充压状态
(pressure state)
测试结果(test result)/(Pa·m3·s-1)
40 s50 s60 s
阴性对照样品(negative control)常压(normal pressure)2.65×10-82.68×10-82.90×10-8
2.56×10-82.89×10-82.86×10-8
2.73×10-82.78×10-82.69×10-8
高压(high pressure)1.65×10-71.76×10-71.69×10-7
1.61×10-71.82×10-71.72×10-7
1.74×10-71.73×10-71.85×10-7
阳性对照样品(positive control)(0.2 μm)常压(normal pressure)1.58×10-61.74×10-61.81×10-6
1.62×10-61.59×10-61.76×10-6
1.67×10-61.71×10-61.73×10-6
高压(high pressure)3.43×10-53.76×10-53.66×10-5
3.55×10-53.68×10-53.72×10-5
3.65×10-53.73×10-53.78×10-5
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氦质谱检测法考察定量压力气雾剂包装密封完整性
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雷晓庆 1 , 邵奇 2, * , 陈岚 3, *
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(2): 298-306
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(2): 298-306
氦质谱检测法考察定量压力气雾剂包装密封完整性
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雷晓庆1 , 邵奇2, * , 陈岚3, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海理工大学,上海 200093
  • 2.上海上药信谊药厂有限公司,上海 201206
  • 3.杭州畅溪制药有限公司,杭州 311121
  • Tel:13762632315;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*邵奇 Tel:13818775817;E-mail:;
陈岚 Tel:13020211869;E-mail:
Investigation the container closure integrity of the pressurized metered dose inhalers by helium mass spectrometry
Xiao-qing LEI1 , Qi SHAO2, * , Lan CHEN3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Chemical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 2.Shanghai Shangyao Xinyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201206, China
  • 3.Hangzhou Chance Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311121, China
出版时间: 2024-02-29 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.13
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目的:

建立和验证氦质谱检测法测试定量压力气雾剂(pressurized metered dose inhalers,pMDIs)容器密封系统(container closure system,CCS)的密封完整性。

方法:

确定pMDIs的CCS在全生命周期内最大可允许泄漏限度(maximum allowable leakage limit,MALL)。设计并制作专属化的测试腔体以及充氦装置,分别在充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)的条件下,对阴性及阳性对照样品进行检测。根据方法学验证的要求,完成了检测限、系统适用性、精密度、专属性和检测范围等指标的验证,并实现了稳定性考察期间加速3、6个月,长期3、12、24个月等各点的样品密封完整性检测。

结果:

在2种充氦压力条件下,方法学验证指标均符合可接受标准,稳定性样品检测结果均小于检测限。该方法能够100%检出pMDIs产品CCS等效孔径为0.095 μm及以上的漏孔。

结论:

采用氦质谱检测方法能够快速定量考察pMDIs产品的泄漏率并证明CCS的密封完整性,具有较高的灵敏度,满足行业内对pMDIs产品质量控制的要求。

氦质谱检测法  /  定量压力气雾剂  /  密封完整性  /  快速定量测试方法  /  最大可允许泄漏限度  /  压力容器密封性检测
Objective:

To establish and verify the helium mass spectrometry detection method to test the sealing integrity of the container closure system (CCS) of pressurized metered dose aerosols (pMDIs).

Methods:

Determined the maximum allowable leakage limit (MALL) of pMDIs of CCS in the whole life cycle. The special test chambers and helium filling devices were designed and manufactured, and helium filling devices to test the negative and positive control samples under high pressure (absolute pressure 672 kPa) and normal pressure (absolute pressure 100 kPa) respectively. According to the requirements of methodology validation, the validation of detection limit, system suitability, precision, specificity and detection range indicators were completed.The accelerated sample sealing integrity testing for 3, 6 months and 3, 12, 24 months in the long-term stability inspection period was achieved.

Results:

Under both helium-filled pressure conditions, the methodological validation indicators were in line with the acceptable standards, and the results of the stability samples were less than the detection limits. This method can detect 100% that the equivalent pore diameter of pMDIs product CCS was 0.095 μm and above.

Conclusion:

The helium mass spectrometry detection method can quickly and quantitatively investigate the leakage rate of pMDIs products, prove the seal integrity of CCS with high sensitivity, and meet the industry’s requirements for pMDIs product quality control.

helium mass spectrometry  /  pressurized metered dose Inhalers  /  sealing integrity  /  rapid quantitative test method  /  maximum allowable leakage limit  /  sealing test of pressure vessel
雷晓庆, 邵奇, 陈岚. 氦质谱检测法考察定量压力气雾剂包装密封完整性. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (2) : 298 -306 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.13
Xiao-qing LEI, Qi SHAO, Lan CHEN. Investigation the container closure integrity of the pressurized metered dose inhalers by helium mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (2) : 298 -306 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.13
pMDIs产品的CCS指容纳和保护以氢氟烷烃、二氧化碳等高压气体为载体的药品包装系统[1-2]。该类包装系统应保持产品内容物完整,防止高压气体泄漏与微生物侵入,确保产品满足使用安全与质量管控的要求[3]。相比于其他常压类CCS,由于pMDIs内含较高的蒸气压[4](20 ℃±2 ℃时的蒸气压力为672 kPa),易产生包装系统内部高压气体泄漏的风险。目前,《中华人民共和国药典》(ChP)[5]和USP[6]对于放行前pMDIs产品的密封性能研究主要通过称重法评价,国家质量检测标准QB25492002要求气雾剂成品必须进行50 ℃恒温水浴检测。这2种检测方法的测试结果无法快速得出泄漏数值,灵敏度较低,受人为主观判断影响较大,易忽略pMDIs的轻微泄漏或慢性泄漏的现象,导致pMDIs其他关键质量属性在产品全生命周期内发生变化,影响产品的质量。2020年,药品监督管理局药品审评中心(CDE)发布了《化学药品注射剂仿制药质量和疗效一致性评价技术要求》以及起草了《化学药品注射剂包装系统密封性研究技术指南(试行)》,为CCS的密封性验证研究提供了相关指导依据[7-8]。pMDIs作为一种特殊的产品,其CCS密封性检测方法应具备一定的专属性和灵敏度,且该方法应可保证缺陷产品在最大可允许泄漏限度(maximum allowable leakage limit,MALL)内被检出,以监控pMDIs在全生命周期内的质量[9-10]。鉴于目前pMDIs密封性检测方法存在的缺陷与不足,采取科学高效的物理定量检漏方法已成为各制药行业的共识[11-13]。USP 〈1207〉包装系统密封性评估指导原则中的第二章节<1207.2>密封性泄漏检测技术(Package Integrity Leak Test Technologies,PILTT)[14]在评价CCS密封性时详细介绍了氦质谱检测方法,这是1种高灵敏度的物理定量检漏方法[15],对于pMDIs的密封性检测具有良好的适用性,能够对pMDIs产品全生命周期内的密封完整性进行有效考察。
本文参照ChP 2020对pMDIs所规定的年泄漏率标准,建立了MALL及检测限(limit of detection,LOD),制定了pMDIs全生命周期内的可接受泄露限度标准,确保所设定的LOD在一定的操作环境和条件范围内可以100%正确区分阳性及阴性对照样品。并基于ASTM F2391-05(2016)[16]对于氦质谱检测法的标准要求,向pMDIs中分别充入氦气至高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa),进行方法学验证。结果表明,该方法检测灵敏度较高,可100%快速定量检测出具有缺陷的产品,适用于多数pMDIs产品全生命周期内密封完整性的检测。
氦质谱测试仪(ZQJ-3000,中国科学院科学仪器),微型气雾剂封口机(WQH,上海胜华气雾剂机械有限公司),激光打孔机(JJ-TKKZ300型微孔机,深圳市家家用激光设备有限公司)。
测试包装:药用气雾剂耐压铝罐(批号PPB0013702,规格19 mL);药用气雾剂阀门(批号2202209,规格50 μL)。
测试样品:时间点为加速3个月(批号152210401),加速6个月(批号153210701),长期3个月(批号126211101),长期12个月(批号152210402,长期24个月(批号126200501)的吸入气雾剂稳定性考察样品各1批(规格均为19 mL+50 μL);葛兰素史克原研硫酸沙丁胺醇5瓶(规格:19 mL+50 μL)。
标准漏孔[17]:漏率大小分别为2.07×10-6 Pa·m3·s-1(编号VTL20220814),1.59×10-7 Pa·m3·s-1(编号VTLLHe20170611),2.25×10-8 Pa·m3·s-1(编号VTL20191001),5.00×10-9 Pa·m3·s-1(编号VTL20220407)的标准漏孔各1支,并均已在上海计量测试研究院进行校准检测,最大允差/不确定度<10%(k=2)。
阴性对照样品系指不存在已知泄漏的容器包装,试验选用的阴性对照样品采用传统轧盖密封工艺对耐压铝罐和定量阀门进行密封,无已知泄漏孔隙,密封良好。
阳性对照样品系指人为模拟在容器包装上实际自然发生破孔以及裂痕等缺陷的样品,本试验采用pMDIs瓶身植入毛细管和校准漏孔[17]2种方式制备阳性对照样品。
采用激光打孔的方式在铝罐瓶身上端1/4处,制备1个比毛细管外径略大的圆形孔,随后植入经校准的毛细管,用固化胶涂覆毛细管和圆形孔的缝隙处固化24 h,制成阳性对照样品(如图1)。本研究在入口压力100 kPa(绝对压力)和出口压力为真空(绝对压力<10 Pa)的实验室条件下,制备了等效孔径为0.095、0.2、0.8 μm的阳性对照样品各2瓶,每瓶阳性对照样品等效孔径均附带测试报告(注:本文中入口压力是指pMDIs包装容器内的绝对压力,出口压力是指测试环境压力)。
本研究制备高压、常压状态下校准漏孔各2支,编号分别为A、B,详细信息见表1。校准漏孔是指在一定条件下,用以确定已知漏率所对应的漏孔,能够人为模拟所需的泄漏孔径,可作为阳性对照样品。
采用激光打孔的方式,在pMDIs铝罐底部正中心制备孔径约为0.4 cm的规则圆形孔,倒置放入图2所示的定制腔体中(该腔体主要由上、下两部分组成,材质为不易受环境温度波动影响的不锈钢。其中,下腔体下端通过专用接头与氦质谱仪相连接,其内部尺寸大小能够紧密贴合pMDIs阀门与铝罐的轧盖处;上腔体上端经快插气接头与调压阀和氦气瓶相连,另一端与pMDIs铝罐底部配合经密封垫圈密封,测试时进行抽真空与充氦过程)。为实现人为模拟pMDIs产品在HFA气体介质蒸气压力状态下的泄漏情况,本实验经调压阀控制,对阳性、阴性对照样品包装分别充入高压(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压(绝对压力100 kPa)状态的氦气,用以进行后续的方法学验证。
参照ChP 2020要求,所取12瓶供试品的平均年泄漏率应<3.5%,并不得有一瓶>5%[5]。本研究定义年泄漏率3.5%时所对应的泄漏率QHFA为pMDIs在实验室标准状态下的MALL,由理想气体状态方程可知:
在实验室标准状态下,单位时间内流过等效漏孔的气体量表示气体的泄漏率[17],故pMDIs泄漏率QHFA值为
两式中,m为可允许泄漏气体质量(g);M为气体相对分子质量(g·mol-1);R为摩尔气体常数(J·mol-1·K-1);T为标准状态下的温度(K);t为时间(s);QHFA为pMDIs实验室标准状态下的MALL(Pa·m3·s-1)。
根据计算公式,pMDIs的QHFA值与产品灌装量呈正相关。以本文选用的葛兰素史克公司的原研硫酸沙丁胺醇产品为例[18],经称重法测量其灌装量,结果表明,灌装量为17.5 g时,可允许泄漏气体质量为0.612 5 g,pMDIs的泄漏速率若不超过4.6×10-7 Pa·m3·s-1,即符合ChP 2020的要求。
pMDIs在温度为(20±2)℃,入口压力为672 kPa(绝对压力),出口压力为大气压(绝对压力100 kPa)的HFA气体介质状态下,4.6×10-7 Pa·m3·s-1的泄漏率经由Lenox软件转化对应于0.095 μm的等效漏孔。对于刚性漏孔而言,其孔径以及形态不会随气体介质种类和压力的变化而发生改变,故当pMDIs包装容器等效漏孔为0.095 μm时,本文通过Lenox软件计算出在该泄漏孔径下,入口压力分别为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa),出口压力为真空(绝对压力<10 Pa)的氦气介质条件下的泄漏率大小,并定义该值为pMDIs在氦气介质下的MALL。具体入、出口条件以及计算结果如表2所示。
LOD是指可接受准确度和精度下的最低泄漏率或泄露尺寸[19]。本文设定LOD的目的是为了确认在充氦压力为高压和常压状态时,pMDIs包装系统在等效泄漏孔径为0.095 μm泄漏标准下所需的检测灵敏度,以确保在一定操作环境和条件范围内所建立的LOD参数能够100%正确区分阴性对照样品和阳性对照样品。现使用统计学的方法初步建立pMDIs充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)的LOD参数为LODA,常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)的LOD参数为LODB,用以判断检测结果是否符合要求。
阴性对照试验:分别取10瓶阴性对照样品,在充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下进行测试,每瓶阴性对照样品重复测试1次,每天测试3组,每组测试间隔≥3 h,测试3 d。记录并计算漏率平均值(M阴AM阴B)及标准偏差(SD阴A、SD阴B)。
阳性对照试验:分别取编号A、B的校准漏孔各1支,每支校准漏孔重复测试10次,每天测试3组,每组测试间隔≥3 h,测试3 d。记录并计算漏率平均值(M阳AM阳B)及标准偏差(SD阳A、SD阳B)。
LOD计算公式:
经计算,LODA和LODB分别为2.15×10-6 Pa·m3·s-1和2.98×10-7 Pa·m3·s-1,二者计算值分别小于pMDIs在充氦压力为高压状态(2.36×10-6 Pa·m3·s-1)和常压状态(3.55×10-7 Pa·m3·s-1)下的MALL,表明所设立的检测限符合要求。且M+3SD<M-3SD,说明阴性、阳性对照样品数据不会交叉,降低了假阳性和假阴性的风险。
在充入氦气前,打开氦质谱检漏仪预热2 h,当仪器系统输出指示本底值[17]在1×10-12 Pa·m3·s-1左右时,采用标准漏孔(氦质谱检漏过程中所用到的对比漏孔,其漏率大小为已知的恒定值)对氦质谱检漏仪进行校准。连续测量漏率为5.00×10-9、2.25×10-8、1.59×10-7、2.07×10-6 Pa·m3·s-1的标准漏孔各1支,每支重复测试3次。根据氦质谱检漏仪校准规范以氦质谱检漏仪漏率示值误差ΔQ,判断仪器的准确度,计算公式为:
式中:Qa为标准漏孔漏率值(Pa·m3·s-1);Qb为3次测量漏率示值的平均值(Pa·m3·s-1);ΔQ为漏率示值误差(%)。
测试结果如表3所示。4支标准漏孔的示值误差均<10%,且3次测量的漏率示值RSD均≤3%,满足检测要求。
分别取编号A、B的校准漏孔各1支,每支校准漏孔重复测试3次,每天测试1组,测试3 d。再测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下的阴性对照样品各3瓶,每瓶阴性对照样品重复测试1次,每天测试1组,测试3 d,汇总结果统计分析如图3所示。研究表明,在2种充氦压力状态下,阴性、阳性对照样品表现出了显著性差异(P<0.001),仪器在所要求的0.095 μm检测精度下能100%区分二者,准确度较高,系统适用性良好。
精密度试验可验证氦质谱检测方法产生可靠的可重复性数据的能力,包括中间精密度和重复性。中间精密度是在检测条件改变的情况下,评价测量结果之间的一致性;而重复性则是在检测条件保持不变的情况下,连续多次测量结果之间的一致性。
阴性对照样品精密度验证:分别由实验人员1和实验人员2在同一天的上午和下午2个时间段测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下的阴性对照样品各2瓶,每瓶阴性对照样品重复测试10次。
阳性对照样品精密度验证:分别由实验人员1和实验人员2在同一天的上午和下午2个时间段测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)下的阳性对照样品(0.2 μm)各2瓶,每瓶阳性对照样品重复测试10次。
计算不同试验条件和充压状态下,阴性、阳性对照样品(0.2 μm)的重复性RSD1、RSD2和中间精密度(RSD3=7.45%),测试结果见图4。在不同充氦压力状态下,阴性、阳性对照样品(0.2 μm)的测试RSD均<10%,本试验的精密度符合标准要求。
分别取编号A、B的校准漏孔各1支,每支校准漏孔重复测试3次,每天测试1组,测试3 d,再测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下的阴性、阳性对照样品(0.095 μm)各1瓶,每瓶对照样品重复测试3次,每天测试1组,测试3 d,记录上述测量值并进行专属性评价,结果见图5。在高压、常压状态下,阳性对照样品(0.095 μm)的测试漏率分别显著大于LODA和LODB,阴性对照样品的测试漏率分别远小于LODA和LODB。研究表明,在所要求的检出灵敏度下,氦质谱检测方法对于存在缺陷的pMDIs产品具有准确的检出能力,该检测方法的专属性符合标准要求。
测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下的阳性对照样品(0.8 μm)各3瓶,每瓶阳性对照样品每天重复测试3次,测试3 d,结果如表4所示。结果显示该检测方法不仅能有效检测较小的泄漏缺陷,同样具有检测较大缺陷的能力,表明方法的检测范围能够有效检出等效漏孔0.095 μm及以上的泄漏。
耐用性是指泄漏检测方法在仪器参数微小变化的情况下也能够准确检测泄漏的能力,用以评估仪器检测性能的准确性。本研究测试了氦质谱仪器检测数据采集时间参数对检测结果的影响,在氦质谱测试仪数据收集时间分别为40、50、60 s参数设置条件下,测试充氦压力为高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa)下的阴性、阳性对照样品(0.2 μm)各1瓶,每瓶对照样品重复测试3次。结果如表5所示,2种充压状态下阴性对照样品检测结果均小于所设定的检测限,阳性对照样品检测结果均大于所设定的检测限,表明该泄漏检测方法在数据收集时间变化后仍可以有效地区分具有缺陷的样品,耐用性指标符合该检测方法标准的要求。
使用氦质谱检测的方法对正在进行稳定性考察的吸入气雾剂样品进行密封性检测,样品取样时间点为加速3个月(批号152210401)、加速6个月(批号153210701)、长期3个月(批号126211101)、长期12个月(批号152210402)、长期24个月(批号126200501),每一时间点分别取1批,每批随机取3瓶,对所取出的样品分别充入氦气至高压状态(绝对压力672 kPa)和常压状态(绝对压力100 kPa),样品充氦过程参照“2.3”项下,检测结果如图6所示。结果表明,不同稳定性考察条件下的5批pMDIs样品在2种充压状态下,氦气泄漏率均不超过所设定的LOD,并且在2种充氦压力下,稳定性考察期间的样品泄漏率均低于本文实验中阴性对照样品的泄漏率。经分析,可能是由于样品阀门中的密封垫圈经长时间药物浸泡后,充分溶胀,导致pMDIs密封性能提升。样品测试的检测结果符合要求,不存在影响产品质量的泄漏现象,进一步体现了氦质谱检测方法能够对pMDIs样品的密封完整性进行有效判断,对于pMDIs产品的CCS具有良好的适用性。
本文首先通过查阅ChP 2020对pMDIs产品泄漏率的要求,确定了pMDIs全生命周期内的MALL以及LOD。为模拟pMDIs包装系统在近似HFA蒸汽压力下的泄漏状况,本研究采用氦质谱检测方法测试并验证了充氦压力分别为高压、常压状态下pMDIs的CCS密封完整性。方法验证主要基于2种类型的阳性对照样品,分别通过人为模拟已知漏率的校准漏孔法和pMDIs铝罐瓶身植入毛细管法,检测在一定操作环境和条件范围内不同阳性对照样品的表征。结果表明,在2种充氦压力下,氦质谱检测方法能够对pMDIs等效漏孔为0.095 μm及以上的漏孔100%检出。研究证明了该方法具有较高的区分度和可重复性,较传统称重法和水浴法而言,具有灵敏度更高,检测周期缩短,定量检出快速等优势。氦质谱检测法能够满足pMDIs产品质量控制的要求,对照国家相关法规的要求,也可作为pMDIs产品全生命周期内密封性检测的有效考察方法。
pMDIs的CCS主要由定量阀门系统和耐压铝罐组成,不同于一般的注射液玻璃包装容器,其包装密封系统是通过机械力将气雾剂耐压罐与定量阀门进行密封后组成的CCS,其罐体和定量阀门一般采用致密的金属层,在密封组件未腐蚀或未被破坏的条件下,不易出现明显的泄漏问题。影响其密封性的因素主要有:耐压罐的卷边切口、密封参数中的封口直径和封口高度、密封垫圈的溶胀,这些因素会影响耐压罐与定量阀门轧盖处的密封性能[20]。因此,本文仅在定量阀门与耐压罐的轧盖密封处设计贴合的测试腔体,设计的腔体内部尺寸稍大于pMDIs的外形尺寸,以便于气体的流动,防止泄漏点堵塞,影响检测方法的灵敏度。
本研究发现,在充氦压力为高压状态时,阳性对照样品(0.095 μm)的实际测试泄漏率与Lenox软件所计算的泄漏率存在一定的差异。经分析,Lenox软件的计算条件是将0.095 μm孔径的漏孔等价于薄壁孔,忽略了漏孔的通道长度,而实际实验过程中,通过植入毛细管人为模拟的0.095 μm等效漏孔存在一定长度。漏孔的通道状况不同,即使操作环境和条件范围以及孔径的大小一致,也可能导致氦气通过漏孔时的流动状态发生改变,从而造成二者泄漏率存在偏差。
在进行氦质谱检测CCS密封性完整性时,由于该方法检测灵敏度较高,需关注产品包装因自身材料限制所潜在的渗氦风险,以避免包装材料的渗透性导致检测结果发生偏差,造成假阳性干扰。研究中发现,阴性对照样品充氦压力为高压状态时,氦质谱仪器输出指示值会存在细微波动,一段时间后该值趋于稳定。经分析,可能是由于pMDIs阀门自身材质的特点,造成轻微的渗氦现象,导致测试结果在短时间内不稳定。但波动范围的指示值比本文所设定的LOD小一个数量级,可以认为此波动是由包装渗氦引起的,与实际包装缺陷造成的泄漏存在明显区别,故对于pMDIs不存在因渗氦现象导致对检测结果的误判风险。
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-29
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    1.上海理工大学,上海 200093
    2.上海上药信谊药厂有限公司,上海 201206
    3.杭州畅溪制药有限公司,杭州 311121

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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