Article(id=1239173811707376283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.09, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677168000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773371659447, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1709136000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-29, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371659447, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371659447, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371659447, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239173808419033435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='185', pageEnd='372', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371658663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371757717, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=264, endPage=271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239173813431235245, articleId=1239173811707376283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Development and validation of immunogenicity methods for detecting telitacicept, columnId=1239173809903817068, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay·Activity Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the determination of anti-drug antibody(ADA) and a competitive ELISA method for the determination of neutralizing antibody(NAb) in cynomolgus monkey serum, and to conduct methodological validation.

Methods:

The steps of bridging ELISA method were as follows: the 96-well plates were precoated with telitacicept(RC18) which could combine with anti-RC18 antibody in the samples to form a complex, then were sequentially added biotinylated RC18(Biotin-RC18), horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin (SA-HRP), and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate solution for color development. After terminating the reaction, the absorbance was read at a wavelength of 450 nm/630 nm on an ELISA reader. The procedures of competitive ELISA method were as follows: the 96-well plates were precoated with B-cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF) or a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) protein and then were added the samples which was pre-mixed with Biotin-RC18 to form BAFF or APRIL anti-RC18-antibody and Biotin-RC18 complex. SA-HRP and TMB substrate solution for color development were added sequentially. After terminating the reaction, the absorbance was read at an ELISA reader with dual wave length.

Results:

The precision of linear range of bridging ELISA method was less than 12.32%, the sensitivity was 50 ng·mL-1, the critical threshold of screening was 0.937, and the critical threshold of confirmation was 23.62%. The precision of the linear range of competitive ELISA method was less than 20%, the sensitivity was 312.50 ng·mL-1, and the threshold for determining the activity of NAb against the target BAFF and APRIL was 0.79 and 0.69, respectively. On BAFF and the method of research targets respectively can tolerate 2.5 μg·mL-1 and 5 μg·mL-1 RC18 in serum.

Conclution:

The results of method validation indicate that both bridging ELISA and competitive ELISA meet the requirements of preclinical immunogenicity studies of biological products, and can be used for analysis of the concentrations of ADA and NAb in cynomolgus monkey serum.

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目的:

建立桥式酶联免疫吸附法测定食蟹猴血清中抗药抗体(anti-drug antibody,ADA)和竞争酶联免疫吸附法测定中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,NAb),并进行方法学验证。

方法:

桥式酶联免疫吸附法在96孔板预包被泰它西普(代号:RC18),与待测样品中的抗RC18抗体结合形成复合物,依次加入生物素化的RC18(Biotin-RC18)、辣根过氧化物酶标记链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)和四甲基联苯胺底物(TMB)显色,终止反应后在酶标仪450 nm /630 nm波长处读取吸收度。竞争酶联免疫吸附法在96孔板预包被B细胞激活因子或增殖诱导配体蛋白,加入与Biotin-RC18预混合的样品,形成B细胞激活因子或增殖诱导配体-抗RC18抗体-Biotin-RC18三者的复合物,依次加入SA-HRP和TMB显色,终止反应后在酶标仪上读取吸收度。

结果:

桥式酶联免疫吸附法线性范围的精密度≤12.32%,灵敏度为50 ng·mL-1,筛选临界阈值为0.937,确证临界阈值为23.62%。竞争酶联免疫吸附法方法线性范围的精密度≤20%,灵敏度为312.50 ng·mL-1,针对靶标B细胞激活因子和增殖诱导配体的NAb活性,判断阈值分别为0.79和0.69,可耐受血清中RC18的药物浓度分别为2.5和5 μg·mL-1

结论:

方法学验证结果表明,桥式酶联免疫吸附法及竞争酶联免疫吸附法均符合临床前生物制品免疫原性研究的要求,可用于食蟹猴血清中ADA及ADA阳性样本NAb的检测。

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Tel:15767143698;E-mail:

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Validation results of SCP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
个体号
(individual)
lg(S/N)
分析员1(analyst 1)分析员2 (analyst 2)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
1-0.10-0.09-0.10-0.10-0.09-0.13
2-0.09-0.11-0.11-0.11-0.09-0.12
3-0.08-0.12-0.20-0.10-0.20-0.14
4NANANANANANA
5-0.05-0.07-0.13-0.07-0.08-0.06
6-0.05-0.06-0.13-0.06-0.11-0.03
7-0.09-0.09-0.18-0.12-0.13-0.10
8-0.020.03-0.06-0.020.030.01
9-0.06-0.04-0.15-0.100.05-0.09
10-0.12-0.13-0.20-0.14-0.14-0.13
11-0.07-0.11-0.24-0.11-0.18-0.08
12-0.10-0.11-0.21-0.14-0.15-0.11
13-0.04-0.11-0.18-0.12-0.15-0.11
14-0.05-0.06-0.15-0.07-0.06-0.05
15-0.02-0.03-0.17-0.03-0.03-0.05
16-0.02-0.02-0.09-0.05-0.07-0.06
17-0.07-0.08-0.15-0.10-0.14-0.10
18-0.04-0.06-0.20-0.12-0.14-0.09
19-0.04-0.06-0.18-0.09-0.12-0.05
20-0.09-0.13-0.24-0.13-0.16-0.10
21-0.03-0.07-0.21-0.09-0.09-0.07
22-0.07-0.13-0.24-0.06-0.13-0.14
23NANANANANANA
24-0.08-0.04-0.21-0.10-0.16-0.10
25NANANANANANA
26-0.06-0.02-0.15-0.09-0.02NA
均值(mean)-0.06-0.07-0.170.03-0.10-0.09
SD0.030.040.05-0.030.060.04
lg(SCP)-0.02-0.01-0.09-0.090.00-0.03
lg(SCP)均值(mean)-0.03
SCP0.937
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818456011707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SCP验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
个体号
(individual)
lg(S/N)
分析员1(analyst 1)分析员2 (analyst 2)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
1-0.10-0.09-0.10-0.10-0.09-0.13
2-0.09-0.11-0.11-0.11-0.09-0.12
3-0.08-0.12-0.20-0.10-0.20-0.14
4NANANANANANA
5-0.05-0.07-0.13-0.07-0.08-0.06
6-0.05-0.06-0.13-0.06-0.11-0.03
7-0.09-0.09-0.18-0.12-0.13-0.10
8-0.020.03-0.06-0.020.030.01
9-0.06-0.04-0.15-0.100.05-0.09
10-0.12-0.13-0.20-0.14-0.14-0.13
11-0.07-0.11-0.24-0.11-0.18-0.08
12-0.10-0.11-0.21-0.14-0.15-0.11
13-0.04-0.11-0.18-0.12-0.15-0.11
14-0.05-0.06-0.15-0.07-0.06-0.05
15-0.02-0.03-0.17-0.03-0.03-0.05
16-0.02-0.02-0.09-0.05-0.07-0.06
17-0.07-0.08-0.15-0.10-0.14-0.10
18-0.04-0.06-0.20-0.12-0.14-0.09
19-0.04-0.06-0.18-0.09-0.12-0.05
20-0.09-0.13-0.24-0.13-0.16-0.10
21-0.03-0.07-0.21-0.09-0.09-0.07
22-0.07-0.13-0.24-0.06-0.13-0.14
23NANANANANANA
24-0.08-0.04-0.21-0.10-0.16-0.10
25NANANANANANA
26-0.06-0.02-0.15-0.09-0.02NA
均值(mean)-0.06-0.07-0.170.03-0.10-0.09
SD0.030.040.05-0.030.060.04
lg(SCP)-0.02-0.01-0.09-0.090.00-0.03
lg(SCP)均值(mean)-0.03
SCP0.937
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818548286399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Validation results of CCP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
个体号
(individual)
抑制率(inhibition rate)/%
分析员1(analyst1)分析员2(analyst2)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
11.776.17-0.253.799.492.29
24.359.170.391.0213.333.26
315.3212.652.2410.670.799.61
4NANANANANANA
519.6614.8211.0215.4017.738.80
66.5724.118.495.7124.6820.91
75.5419.663.031.0617.5016.23
84.6916.02NA2.7521.8910.97
96.1117.252.564.2919.735.15
101.204.36-1.915.5317.198.46
1112.2112.182.0714.0812.8725.81
1210.2916.7812.505.7713.1518.09
1320.9210.6211.475.827.4012.69
149.786.695.09-2.7213.174.51
159.339.06-0.8810.5916.433.69
1613.3211.7513.768.004.042.67
179.7210.2420.866.70-4.412.77
1811.1110.7916.670.80-2.20-6.20
193.982.6314.702.8317.252.92
2010.826.555.008.5813.3010.41
213.654.711.625.7215.643.08
224.271.47-1.768.3416.600.82
23NANANANANANA
24-3.038.63-4.200.38-12.23NA
25NANANANANANA
26-2.543.762.270.99012.42NA
均值(mean)/%7.7810.445.675.4811.567.95
SD6.165.756.914.508.967.57
CCP22.1423.8521.7615.9632.4425.59
CCP均值(mean)23.62
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818669921225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CCP验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
个体号
(individual)
抑制率(inhibition rate)/%
分析员1(analyst1)分析员2(analyst2)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
11.776.17-0.253.799.492.29
24.359.170.391.0213.333.26
315.3212.652.2410.670.799.61
4NANANANANANA
519.6614.8211.0215.4017.738.80
66.5724.118.495.7124.6820.91
75.5419.663.031.0617.5016.23
84.6916.02NA2.7521.8910.97
96.1117.252.564.2919.735.15
101.204.36-1.915.5317.198.46
1112.2112.182.0714.0812.8725.81
1210.2916.7812.505.7713.1518.09
1320.9210.6211.475.827.4012.69
149.786.695.09-2.7213.174.51
159.339.06-0.8810.5916.433.69
1613.3211.7513.768.004.042.67
179.7210.2420.866.70-4.412.77
1811.1110.7916.670.80-2.20-6.20
193.982.6314.702.8317.252.92
2010.826.555.008.5813.3010.41
213.654.711.625.7215.643.08
224.271.47-1.768.3416.600.82
23NANANANANANA
24-3.038.63-4.200.38-12.23NA
25NANANANANANA
26-2.543.762.270.99012.42NA
均值(mean)/%7.7810.445.675.4811.567.95
SD6.165.756.914.508.967.57
CCP22.1423.8521.7615.9632.4425.59
CCP均值(mean)23.62
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818770584532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Validation results of sensitivity(bridging ELISA)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阳性抗体浓度
(concentration of positive antibodies)/(ng·mL-1
加药前S/N
S/N before dosing)
加药后S/N
S/N after dosing)
抑制率
(inhibition rate)/%
6 40029.5291.22895.84
3 20029.6781.06496.41
1 60029.9480.98196.72
80027.9290.94896.61
40019.4420.94095.17
20010.4580.88391.56
1005.9740.89085.10
503.6340.91274.90
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818900607961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

灵敏度验证结果(桥式酶联免疫吸附法)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阳性抗体浓度
(concentration of positive antibodies)/(ng·mL-1
加药前S/N
S/N before dosing)
加药后S/N
S/N after dosing)
抑制率
(inhibition rate)/%
6 40029.5291.22895.84
3 20029.6781.06496.41
1 60029.9480.98196.72
80027.9290.94896.61
40019.4420.94095.17
20010.4580.88391.56
1005.9740.89085.10
503.6340.91274.90
), ArticleFig(id=1239173819005465571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Validation SCP of NAb against BAFF and APRIL targets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S/N
BAFF靶标(BAFF target)[分析员1 (analyst 1)]APRIL靶标(APRIL target)[分析员2(analyst 2)]
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
0.940.960.870.900.960.89
0.930.950.890.940.950.98
0.860.960.840.870.960.90
0.980.950.910.911.010.88
0.910.950.920.951.130.90
0.940.960.970.941.210.92
0.911.060.970.881.370.89
0.890.950.960.891.090.97
0.920.900.850.921.050.82
0.970.940.900.991.120.91
0.950.980.920.941.120.95
0.990.940.960.961.020.88
1.031.020.841.001.141.05
0.930.930.960.941.291.11
0.930.990.960.971.101.03
1.000.901.030.95
均值(mean)0.940.97
SD0.050.09
SCP0.790.69
), ArticleFig(id=1239173819110323179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

针对BAFF及APRIL靶标NAb的SCP验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S/N
BAFF靶标(BAFF target)[分析员1 (analyst 1)]APRIL靶标(APRIL target)[分析员2(analyst 2)]
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
0.940.960.870.900.960.89
0.930.950.890.940.950.98
0.860.960.840.870.960.90
0.980.950.910.911.010.88
0.910.950.920.951.130.90
0.940.960.970.941.210.92
0.911.060.970.881.370.89
0.890.950.960.891.090.97
0.920.900.850.921.050.82
0.970.940.900.991.120.91
0.950.980.920.941.120.95
0.990.940.960.961.020.88
1.031.020.841.001.141.05
0.930.930.960.941.291.11
0.930.990.960.971.101.03
1.000.901.030.95
均值(mean)0.940.97
SD0.050.09
SCP0.790.69
), ArticleFig(id=1239173819206792179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Validation results of sensitivity(competitive ELISA)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阳性对照抗体浓度
(concentration of positive control antibody)/(ng·mL-1
S/N
BAFF靶标(BAFF target)APRIL靶标(APRIL target)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
5 0000.270.280.270.170.320.12
2 5000.320.320.330.160.330.12
1 2500.400.390.380.160.380.14
6250.490.440.490.200.430.34
312.500.610.580.580.450.490.42
156.250.820.800.890.720.720.69
78.130.930.930.910.860.880.82
), ArticleFig(id=1239173819294872568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173811707376283, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

灵敏度验证结果(竞争酶联免疫吸附法)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阳性对照抗体浓度
(concentration of positive control antibody)/(ng·mL-1
S/N
BAFF靶标(BAFF target)APRIL靶标(APRIL target)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
分析批1
(batch 1)
分析批2
(batch 2)
分析批3
(batch 3)
5 0000.270.280.270.170.320.12
2 5000.320.320.330.160.330.12
1 2500.400.390.380.160.380.14
6250.490.440.490.200.430.34
312.500.610.580.580.450.490.42
156.250.820.800.890.720.720.69
78.130.930.930.910.860.880.82
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泰它西普免疫原性分析方法建立及验证
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吴白杨 1 , 刘志浩 2 , 刘美玲 2 , 王凌 2 , 姜静 1, *
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定·活性分析 2024,44(2): 264-271
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药物分析杂志 | 生物检定·活性分析 2024, 44(2): 264-271
泰它西普免疫原性分析方法建立及验证
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吴白杨1 , 刘志浩2, 刘美玲2, 王凌2, 姜静1, *
作者信息
  • 1.滨州医学院,烟台 264003
  • 2.荣昌生物制药(烟台)股份有限公司,烟台 264006
  • Tel:15767143698;E-mail:

通讯作者:

*Tel:(0535)6913525;E-mail:
Development and validation of immunogenicity methods for detecting telitacicept
Bai-yang WU1 , Zhi-hao LIU2, Mei-ling LIU2, Ling WANG2, Jing JIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
  • 2.RemeGen, Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
出版时间: 2024-02-29 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.09
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目的:

建立桥式酶联免疫吸附法测定食蟹猴血清中抗药抗体(anti-drug antibody,ADA)和竞争酶联免疫吸附法测定中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,NAb),并进行方法学验证。

方法:

桥式酶联免疫吸附法在96孔板预包被泰它西普(代号:RC18),与待测样品中的抗RC18抗体结合形成复合物,依次加入生物素化的RC18(Biotin-RC18)、辣根过氧化物酶标记链霉亲和素(SA-HRP)和四甲基联苯胺底物(TMB)显色,终止反应后在酶标仪450 nm /630 nm波长处读取吸收度。竞争酶联免疫吸附法在96孔板预包被B细胞激活因子或增殖诱导配体蛋白,加入与Biotin-RC18预混合的样品,形成B细胞激活因子或增殖诱导配体-抗RC18抗体-Biotin-RC18三者的复合物,依次加入SA-HRP和TMB显色,终止反应后在酶标仪上读取吸收度。

结果:

桥式酶联免疫吸附法线性范围的精密度≤12.32%,灵敏度为50 ng·mL-1,筛选临界阈值为0.937,确证临界阈值为23.62%。竞争酶联免疫吸附法方法线性范围的精密度≤20%,灵敏度为312.50 ng·mL-1,针对靶标B细胞激活因子和增殖诱导配体的NAb活性,判断阈值分别为0.79和0.69,可耐受血清中RC18的药物浓度分别为2.5和5 μg·mL-1

结论:

方法学验证结果表明,桥式酶联免疫吸附法及竞争酶联免疫吸附法均符合临床前生物制品免疫原性研究的要求,可用于食蟹猴血清中ADA及ADA阳性样本NAb的检测。

泰它西普  /  免疫原性  /  抗药抗体  /  中和抗体  /  桥式酶联免疫吸附法  /  竞争酶联免疫吸附法
Objective:

To establish a bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the determination of anti-drug antibody(ADA) and a competitive ELISA method for the determination of neutralizing antibody(NAb) in cynomolgus monkey serum, and to conduct methodological validation.

Methods:

The steps of bridging ELISA method were as follows: the 96-well plates were precoated with telitacicept(RC18) which could combine with anti-RC18 antibody in the samples to form a complex, then were sequentially added biotinylated RC18(Biotin-RC18), horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin (SA-HRP), and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate solution for color development. After terminating the reaction, the absorbance was read at a wavelength of 450 nm/630 nm on an ELISA reader. The procedures of competitive ELISA method were as follows: the 96-well plates were precoated with B-cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF) or a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) protein and then were added the samples which was pre-mixed with Biotin-RC18 to form BAFF or APRIL anti-RC18-antibody and Biotin-RC18 complex. SA-HRP and TMB substrate solution for color development were added sequentially. After terminating the reaction, the absorbance was read at an ELISA reader with dual wave length.

Results:

The precision of linear range of bridging ELISA method was less than 12.32%, the sensitivity was 50 ng·mL-1, the critical threshold of screening was 0.937, and the critical threshold of confirmation was 23.62%. The precision of the linear range of competitive ELISA method was less than 20%, the sensitivity was 312.50 ng·mL-1, and the threshold for determining the activity of NAb against the target BAFF and APRIL was 0.79 and 0.69, respectively. On BAFF and the method of research targets respectively can tolerate 2.5 μg·mL-1 and 5 μg·mL-1 RC18 in serum.

Conclution:

The results of method validation indicate that both bridging ELISA and competitive ELISA meet the requirements of preclinical immunogenicity studies of biological products, and can be used for analysis of the concentrations of ADA and NAb in cynomolgus monkey serum.

telitacicept  /  immunogenicity  /  anti-drug antibody(ADA)  /  neutralizing antibody(NAb)  /  bridging ELISA  /  competitive ELISA
吴白杨, 刘志浩, 刘美玲, 王凌, 姜静. 泰它西普免疫原性分析方法建立及验证. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (2) : 264 -271 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.09
Bai-yang WU, Zhi-hao LIU, Mei-ling LIU, Ling WANG, Jing JIANG. Development and validation of immunogenicity methods for detecting telitacicept[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (2) : 264 -271 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.09
B淋巴细胞刺激物(B lymphocytes timulator,BLyS)又称B细胞激活因子(B-cell activation factor to the TNF family,BAFF),与增殖诱导配体(A proliferation inducing ligand,APRIL)同属肿瘤坏死因子配体家族。研究表明,系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者的BAFF与APRIL水平升高,且高水平的BAFF及APRIL与SLE患者的高疾病活动度和高复发率密切相关,原因可能是BAFF与APRIL共同调控B淋巴细胞存活、增殖、分化及抗体分泌,具体作用机制主要与BAFF和APRIL的下游调控靶点有关,BAFF与APRIL在SLE发病机制中起着重要作用[1]
泰它西普(代号:RC18)是荣昌生物制药(烟台)股份有限公司自主研发的治疗SLE的“双靶点”(BAFF和APRIL)Ⅰ类新型生物技术药物,由BAFF及APRIL的共同配体穿膜蛋白活化物片段与人体IgG蛋白Fc片段融合构成,通过抑制BAFF和APRIL 2个细胞因子的过度表达,进一步抑制异常B细胞的成熟和分化,从而实现“双管齐下”降低机体自身免疫反应的作用。
治疗性蛋白类药物与小分子化合物不同,具有较强的免疫原性,进入机体后可能因较强的刺激使机体产生特异抗体,因此,免疫原性分析是生物技术药物临床前和临床研究的重要内容之一。抗药抗体(anti-drug antibody,ADA)是定义该类药物免疫原性的主要指标,ADA产生会对药物暴露、药物代谢动力学特征等造成影响;中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,NAb)作为ADA的一个子集,构成免疫原性研究和评价的重要部分,具有抑制药物生物学活性的能力,可通过阻断产品到达其靶标或干扰受体/配体结合,从而干扰药物的体内活性,造成对药效的影响或机体的过敏反应、免疫抑制、自身免疫反应等从轻微到危及生命的不良反应[2-3]
本研究建立桥式酶联免疫吸附法检测食蟹猴中的ADA和竞争酶联免疫吸附法检测食蟹猴中的NAb,并进行系统方法学评估,为测定食蟹猴体内的ADA及NAb提供科学有效的方法[4-7]
注射用RC18(批号2017002,80 mg·支-1)、小鼠抗RC18抗体(阳性对照抗体,批号M20170426),荣昌生物制药(烟台)股份有限公司;Biotin-RC18(批号20180328),荣昌生物制药(烟台)股份有限公司提供RC18,湖州嘉暄生物科技有限公司标记;BAFF蛋白(批号2149-BF/CF/ EFV4017091)、APRIL蛋白(批号5860-AP/ TCF0917012),R&D Systems公司;碳酸盐缓冲溶液(批号SLBT1007)、辣根过氧化物酶标记链霉亲和素(SA-HRP,批号SLBR5305V)、吐温-20(批号SZBE2460V),Sigma公司;杜氏磷酸盐缓冲液(DPBS,批号180718),Biotopped公司;Super block(批号TD263426),Thermo Scientific公司;牛血清白蛋白(BSA,批号20180124),国药集团化学试剂有限公司;显色液:四甲基联苯胺底物(TMB,批号180416),Neogen Corporation公司;浓硫酸(批号20180716),购自北京化工厂;三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸盐(1 mol·L-1 Tris-HCl,货号YUKSX),山东思科捷生物技术有限公司;空白食蟹猴血清,广东蓝岛生物技术有限公司。
SpectraMax M5型酶标仪,Molecular Device公司;LRH-150F生化培养箱,上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;MB100-4A型微孔板恒温震荡器,杭州奥盛仪器有限公司;XS205DU十万分之一型电子天平,Mettler Toledo公司;405LS型洗板机,BioTek公司;3599型96孔高吸附酶标板,Corning公司。
用碳酸盐缓冲溶液将RC18稀释至1 μg·mL-1,以每孔100 μL加入96孔酶标板中,于2~8 ℃孵育过夜;弃掉孔内液体;每孔加入含0.2%吐温-20的DPBS(DPBST)300 μL进行洗板3次,拍干,加入Super block 250 μL室温封闭2 h。另外取检测样品30 μL,加入0.3 mol·mL-1醋酸溶液180 μL于1.5 mL EP管中进行酸化处理,室温孵育1 h。弃掉孔内封闭液,每孔加入DPBST 300 μL洗板3次,拍干;预先加入中和液(1 mol·mL-1 Tris-HCl)30 μL,再每孔加入酸化处理后的样品70 μL,于室温震荡孵育1 h;洗板6次,每孔加入1.7 μg·mL-1 Biotin-RC18溶液100 μL,室温震荡孵育1 h;洗板6次,每孔加入SA-HRP 100 μL,其中SA-HRP用含3% BSA的DPBST进行1∶50 000稀释,室温孵育1 h;洗板6次,每孔加入TMB显色液100 μL,避光显色15~20 min;每孔加入硫酸溶液(2 mol·L-1)50 μL进行终止。用酶标仪读取450 nm /630 nm波长处的吸收度,并保存数据。
将靶标蛋白BAFF或APRIL用碳酸盐缓冲溶液稀释至400 ng·mL-1,按每孔100 μL加入96孔酶标板中,2~8 ℃孵育过夜;洗板与封闭步骤要求与“2.1.1”方法相同;待测样品与Biotin-RC18以1∶1体积混合(Biotin-RC18用空白食蟹猴血清分别配制为1 000和2 000 ng·mL-1,分别用于BAFF和APRIL靶标的中和活性检测),每孔100 μL,洗板6次,每孔加入SA-HRP 100 μL,其中SA-HRP用3% BSA的DPBST进行1∶50 000稀释,室温孵育1 h;显色与终止步骤与“2.1.1”方法相同。用酶标仪450 nm/630 nm波长处读取吸收度,并保存数据,若存在中和活性抗体,则仪器响应值降低。
使用Softmax Pro software (version 5.4)按照四参数进行拟合处理,其权重系数=1 /Y2;用Microsoft Office Excel(2007)进行各验证样本数据统计分析,包括均值、标准差(SD)、RSD等。
选取26个空白食蟹猴血清作为筛选实验阈值(screening cut point,SCP)验证样品,由2名分析员分别在3 d内运行26个SCP样品。为避免外界环境因素对分析批测定值的影响,方法的SCP采用信噪比(S/N)替代仪器响应值的计算方式(S/N=样品复孔的吸收度均值/阴性空白对样品复孔吸收度均值)。结果见表1,剔除超限值后,抗RC18抗体检测的SCP为0.937,数据基本符合正态分布,可以采用均值的95%置信区间设定固定阈值。分析批SCP的对数值=空白个体血清的S/N对数值均值+ 1.645×SD,1.645为95%的正态分布临界值。
将至少来源于6只空白食蟹猴的混合空白血清作为阴性对照样品。用阴性对照样本将RC18稀释至2 mg·mL-1作为原液A,用“2.2.1.1”中的26个SCP验证样本将原液A稀释至200 μg·mL-1作为确证实验阈值(confirmatory cut point,CCP)样本。由2名分析员分别在3 d内运行26个CCP样本。
结果见表2,抗RC18抗体检测的CCP为23.62%,抑制率=(1-加药后样本的S/N值/未加药样品的S/N值)×100%;CCP=抑制率均值+2.33×SD,2.33为99.9%的正态分布临界值。
系统适用性验证考察了不同分析员、仪器和实验日期对阴性对照、低浓度、高浓度和确证质控4种样品的影响。结果显示,4种样品批内精密度RSD范围为1.2%~8.1%;批间精密度RSD范围分别为8.2%~12.3%,均低于20%。
在某些试验条件下,基质中的一些成分能够抑制ADA与药物的结合进而产生假阴性的结果。同样,基质中的成分与药物结合也能够产生假阳性结果。选择10个不同来源的空白食蟹猴血清配制含200 ng·mL-1阳性抗体的个体低浓度阳性质控及阴性对照样品。80%的个体低浓度阳性质控样品与低浓度质控样品差异率介于±30%,差异率范围为-29.78%~-15.58%,且90%的阴性对照样品筛选为阴性。空白食蟹猴血清基质成分对ADA检测无明显影响。
用空白食蟹猴血清稀释RC18浓度至50.0、15.0、5.0、1.50、0.50、0.15 μg·mL-1,将其与200 ng·mL-1的阳性对照抗体按照体积比1∶1混合,混合后于(25±2)℃(生化培养箱)孵育0.5 h,作为耐药性考察样品。结果显示,100 ng·mL-1阳性对照抗体的耐药限度为2.5 μg·mL-1
在筛选试验过程中阳性抗体能够产生阳性响应的最低浓度认为是方法的灵敏度,且该浓度在确证试验中证实需为阳性。用空白食蟹猴血清将阳性对照抗体稀释至表3所述系列浓度,结果见表3,灵敏度为50 ng·mL-1
用空白食蟹猴血清将阳性对照抗体稀释至6、30、100 μg·mL-1作为Hook效应验证样本,Hook效应样品经筛选应该为阳性,结果显示未观察到明显的Hook效应。
选取47个空白食蟹猴血清作为SCP验证样本,由2名分析员分别在3 d内运行47个SCP样本。结果如表4所示,2组数据均呈正态分布,SCP=S/N均值-3.09×SD,3.09为99.9%的正态分布临界值,经统计食蟹猴样本针对BAFF和APRIL靶点的NAb的判定阈值SCP分别为0.79和0.69。
用空白食蟹猴血清以两倍梯度稀释RC18至浓度范围:10 000~39.06 ng·mL-1,与1 000 ng·mL-1和2 000 ng·mL-1的Biotin-RC18分别等比混合后,上样前用含3% BSA的DPBST进行1∶9稀释处理后加样进行测定。S/N低于0.79和0.69的最低RC18浓度即为该方法能够耐受的最大药物浓度。结果显示,针对BAFF和APRIL靶点的方法分别可耐受血清中浓度为2 500和5 000 ng·mL-1的RC18。
用空白食蟹猴血清以两倍梯度稀释阳性对照抗体至浓度范围:5 000~78.13 ng·mL-1,与1 000 ng·mL-1和2 000 ng·mL-1的Biotin-RC18按1∶1混合,上样前用含3% BSA的DPBST进行1∶9稀释处理。以样品浓度为横坐标,样本复孔的吸收度均值为纵坐标,通过四参数拟合并提供阳性对照滴度曲线的相关参数。灵敏度以各分析批中阳性对照滴度曲线上低于0.79和0.69的最低浓度作为该方法灵敏度的上限范围。结果见表5,数据显示,针对BAFF和APRIL靶标的方法灵敏度均为312.50 ng·mL-1
生物技术药物的作用机制往往特异于病发中的某一特定靶点或机制,最大的优点是具有靶向性及高效性,不良反应发生率相对较低。但生物技术药物进入机体后可能产生较强的免疫原性,致敏免疫细胞产生ADA。ADA可能会影响药物的清除、血浆半衰期和组织分布,改变药效学及药代动力学特征,NAb可能通过与治疗性单克隆抗体药物的活性位点发生结合作用或者使活性位点的空间构象发生变化从而干扰药物的活性和生物学功能,进而对药物的毒理学研究造成影响,造成在非临床研究中观察到的效应可能并非药物真正的药理和/或毒性反应。
因此在评价药物安全性时需考察ADA及NAb是此类药物免疫性研究的通用标准,同时也是生物技术药物临床安全性评价的重要组成部分。在检测方法上,基于受体-配体结合的ADA检测分为直接法和间接法。与直接分析法相比,本研究建立的桥式酶联免疫吸附法和竞争酶联免疫吸附法都具有较高的灵敏度及耐药性等特征,故不失为泰它西普免疫原性检测的理想方法。由于受试药物浓度远远高于方法的耐药性,这些药物可能会中和ADA,使其在血清中以结合物的形式存在,干扰实际检测,因此在样本处理上采用了酸处理血清样品的方式,可以使样品中的ADA和药物的结合物分离开,进而使得ADA检测不受干扰[8]。在计算处理数据上,采用S/N方式处理数据,可以有效的减少实验批次之间仪器响应值浮动对数据的影响。
虽然临床前ADA测定并不能完全预测受试药物的免疫原性,但对安全性评价中药物毒性作用和剂量关系的分析,毒代动力学结果的解释非常关键。在非临床药代动力学、药理和毒理研究中评价免疫原性有助于对研究结果作出更加合理的解释,是生物药申报临床试验的重要内容;同时在药物临床试验阶段,进行免疫原性检测已是公认的评价指标之一,以生物大分子检测指导原则为参考,免疫原性的检测方法及要求得到不断完善[9]
本研究建立了食蟹猴血清中ADA浓度检测的桥式酶联免疫吸附法及ADA阳性样本中的NAb浓度检测的竞争酶联免疫吸附法,并进行系统的方法学评估,通过筛选确证实验经分层比较,可确认ADA阳性样本,消除假阳性样品,同时对确认阳性样品进行NAb检测,判断ADA阳性样本是否存在功能域为BAFF或APRIL的NAb。两方法都具有操作简便,检测范围较广,方法特异性好,且不受实验动物种属的影响优点,可应用于重复给药毒性试验中食蟹猴样本的ADA浓度及ADA阳性样本中的NAb浓度检测[10-16]。本研究方法的考察验证项目符合目前临床前生物制品免疫原性研究的要求,为其他生物制剂类药物的免疫原性分析提供参考和借鉴。
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.09
  • 接收时间:2023-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-29
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-24
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    1.滨州医学院,烟台 264003
    2.荣昌生物制药(烟台)股份有限公司,烟台 264006

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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