Article(id=1239173809685713253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1697558400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773371658965, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1709136000000, pubDateStr=2024-02-29, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773371658965, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773371658965, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371658965, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239173808419033435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='185', pageEnd='372', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773371658663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773371757717, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239174223944536398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239173808419033435, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=272, endPage=279, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239173809987703151, articleId=1239173809685713253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Consistency study on in vitro bioactivity of lactobacillin granules*, columnId=1239173809903817068, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay·Activity Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To compare the in vitro bioactivity between a generic lactobacillin granules drug and three commercial lactobacillin granules drugs, this study investigated inhibition on pathogenic bacteria, the growth promoting effect on probiotics, and establish a method to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity consistency of drugs that regulate gut microbiota.

Methods:

Two culture systems were set up to investigate the inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria and the growth promoting effect on probiotics by lactobacillin granules. The in vitro bioactivity consistency of four products was evaluated by microbial growth curve and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with Dunnett-t test.

Results:

No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and growth promotion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus between the generic lactobacillin granules and the commercial lactobacillin granules.

Conclusion:

This method could be used to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of drugs that regulate gut microbiota, and provided guidance on relevant drug development and quality evaluation.

, correspAuthors=Xin-yong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bo DING, Jun-zhen GUO, Xiao-li MENG, Wen-hong HU, Xin-yong LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239173811350852004, articleId=1239173809685713253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=乳酸菌素颗粒体外生物活性的比较研究*, columnId=1239173810134503795, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=生物检定·活性分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

对乳酸菌素颗粒仿制药与市售药品的体外生物活性进行比较研究,包括对致病菌的抑制作用和对益生菌的促生长作用,探索肠道菌群调控类药物的体外生物活性的一致性评价方法。

方法:

建立2种培养体系,分别考察乳酸菌素颗粒对致病菌的抑制作用和对益生菌的促生长作用,采用配伍设计的两因素方差分析,Dunnett-t检验,结合微生物的生长曲线,对4种产品的体外生物活性进行比较研究,评价其活性差异。

结果:

仿制药与3种市售产品对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑制作用和对鼠李糖乳杆菌的体外促生长作用没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。

结论:

初步建立了微生物代谢产物类肠道菌群调控药物的体外生物活性评价方法,为相关制剂的开发与质量评价提供依据。

, correspAuthors=刘新泳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(0531)88380270;E-mail:
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Tel:(0531)81216758;E-mail:

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Metagenomics and its application in animal gut microbiota[J]. Chin J Anim Nut201931(9): 3961, articleTitle=Metagenomics and its application in animal gut microbiota, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239173824055399323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=丁勃, 刘新泳, 李军, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=丁勃,刘新泳,李军,等.用于微生态制剂体外活性评价的微生物群落共培养装置及评价方法:中国, ZL201910602847.X [P]. 2019-07-05, articleTitle=用于微生态制剂体外活性评价的微生物群落共培养装置及评价方法:中国, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239173824143479709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=DING B, LIU XY, LI J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DING BLIU XYLI J, et al. Microflora co-culture device and evaluation method used for activity evaluation of microbiota preparations in vitro: China, ZL201910602847.X [P]. 2019-07-05, articleTitle=Microflora co-culture device and evaluation method used for activity evaluation of microbiota preparations in vitro: China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239173818586026639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, awardId=2020S10, language=CN, fundingSource=*国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题微生态活菌制品分类及标准建立(2020S10), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239173812948881842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239173812957270451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, companyId=1239173812948881842, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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ArticleFig(id=1239173817310958154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Linear scatter plot between the concentration of the test-solution and the logarithm of the diameter of inhibition zone for Escherichia coli(A),Staphylococcus aureus(B),Salmonellae(C)and Listeria(D), figureFileSmall=TS8BTRETGw2ZlGHBRTIMBA==, figureFileBig=NXC0WilyvB3PJnEzf/rh0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817386455629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=图2, caption=供试液浓度与大肠埃希菌(A)、金黄色葡萄球菌(B)、沙门菌(C)、李斯特氏菌(D)抑菌圈直径的lg值的线性关系散点图, figureFileSmall=TS8BTRETGw2ZlGHBRTIMBA==, figureFileBig=NXC0WilyvB3PJnEzf/rh0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817487118929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The growth curve of Staphylococcus aureus(A) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus(B), figureFileSmall=qh9B3+GTTwPUMmicUm1JIg==, figureFileBig=UQ2UA91KaqajEuMhy37gzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817571005015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=图3, caption=金黄色葡萄球菌(A)和鼠李糖乳杆菌(B)生长曲线, figureFileSmall=qh9B3+GTTwPUMmicUm1JIg==, figureFileBig=UQ2UA91KaqajEuMhy37gzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817659085403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Growth curve of Staphylococcus aureus(A) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus(B) in different products, figureFileSmall=XrhFBgMdraMzoi+wEZt6Hw==, figureFileBig=GFtRDSNAYIlJSDeN5cAR+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817742971488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同产品中金黄色葡萄球菌(A)和鼠李糖乳杆菌(B)生长曲线, figureFileSmall=XrhFBgMdraMzoi+wEZt6Hw==, figureFileBig=GFtRDSNAYIlJSDeN5cAR+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239173817822663270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Results of in vitro antibacterial test against Escherichia coli

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样量
(sample quantity)/g
浓度
(concentration)/(g·mL-1
双碟
(petri dish)/个
抑菌圈直径
(diameter of inhibition zone)/mm
平均值
(average value)/mm
RSD/%lg
2.515.0%113.01、13.16、13.44、13.0613.053.31.12
212.91、12.88、13.68、13.57
312.91、13.03、13.48、13.58
412.32、12.30、12.71、12.70
3.777.5%115.77、16.10、15.66、16.1215.703.21.20
216.11、15.32、16.52、15.52
315.57、15.89、15.02、15.50
416.26、14.90、16.14、14.82
5.0610.1%117.97、18.35、18.03、18.3318.041.91.26
218.26、17.79、18.61、18.18
317.53、17.66、17.73、18.14
417.89、17.62、18.67、17.94
6.2012.4%118.55、19.09、19.31、18.6219.632.91.29
219.68、19.59、19.81、20.28
319.11、19.90、20.61、19.86
420.24、19.77、19.73、19.99
7.6115.2%121.97、21.66、21.28、21.9521.611.41.33
221.85、21.95、21.34、21.69
321.65、22.02、21.16、21.81
421.57、21.39、21.20、21.32
8.7917.6%122.39、22.43、23.10、23.1022.792.01.36
222.98、22.89、22.50、22.52
322.29、22.64、22.27、22.68
423.91、23.16、22.44、23.41
10.2220.4%123.31、23.34、24.27、24.1223.312.21.37
223.63、23.11、23.49、22.88
322.75、22.89、22.69、22.43
423.30、23.70、23.34、23.77
), ArticleFig(id=1239173817923326572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

对大肠埃希氏菌的体外抗菌试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
取样量
(sample quantity)/g
浓度
(concentration)/(g·mL-1
双碟
(petri dish)/个
抑菌圈直径
(diameter of inhibition zone)/mm
平均值
(average value)/mm
RSD/%lg
2.515.0%113.01、13.16、13.44、13.0613.053.31.12
212.91、12.88、13.68、13.57
312.91、13.03、13.48、13.58
412.32、12.30、12.71、12.70
3.777.5%115.77、16.10、15.66、16.1215.703.21.20
216.11、15.32、16.52、15.52
315.57、15.89、15.02、15.50
416.26、14.90、16.14、14.82
5.0610.1%117.97、18.35、18.03、18.3318.041.91.26
218.26、17.79、18.61、18.18
317.53、17.66、17.73、18.14
417.89、17.62、18.67、17.94
6.2012.4%118.55、19.09、19.31、18.6219.632.91.29
219.68、19.59、19.81、20.28
319.11、19.90、20.61、19.86
420.24、19.77、19.73、19.99
7.6115.2%121.97、21.66、21.28、21.9521.611.41.33
221.85、21.95、21.34、21.69
321.65、22.02、21.16、21.81
421.57、21.39、21.20、21.32
8.7917.6%122.39、22.43、23.10、23.1022.792.01.36
222.98、22.89、22.50、22.52
322.29、22.64、22.27、22.68
423.91、23.16、22.44、23.41
10.2220.4%123.31、23.34、24.27、24.1223.312.21.37
223.63、23.11、23.49、22.88
322.75、22.89、22.69、22.43
423.30、23.70、23.34、23.77
), ArticleFig(id=1239173817998824047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear regression analysis between concentration of test solution and the logarithm of diameter of bacteriostasis circle

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
浓度(concentration)/(g·mL-1)线性方程
(linear equation)
r假设检验
(hypothesis test)
结论
(conclusion)
大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli5.0%~20.0%Y=0.574 3X-0.605 90.963 2t=8.01,υ=5,P<0.001正相关(positive correlation)
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)7.5%~20.0%Y=0.693 9X-0.790 70.933 2t=5.19,υ=4,0.005<P<0.01正相关(positive correlation)
沙门氏菌(Salmonella)7.5%~20.0%Y=0.724 9X-0.833 90.956 3t=6.55,υ=4,0.002<P<0.005正相关(positive correlation)
李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)10.0%~30.0%Y=0.683 2X-0.629 10.982 3t=13.79,υ=7,P<0.001正相关(positive correlation)
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818078515831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

供试液浓度和抑菌圈直径的lg值的直线关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
浓度(concentration)/(g·mL-1)线性方程
(linear equation)
r假设检验
(hypothesis test)
结论
(conclusion)
大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli5.0%~20.0%Y=0.574 3X-0.605 90.963 2t=8.01,υ=5,P<0.001正相关(positive correlation)
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)7.5%~20.0%Y=0.693 9X-0.790 70.933 2t=5.19,υ=4,0.005<P<0.01正相关(positive correlation)
沙门氏菌(Salmonella)7.5%~20.0%Y=0.724 9X-0.833 90.956 3t=6.55,υ=4,0.002<P<0.005正相关(positive correlation)
李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)10.0%~30.0%Y=0.683 2X-0.629 10.982 3t=13.79,υ=7,P<0.001正相关(positive correlation)
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818183373436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of variance of inhibition test results for each experimental group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
变异来源
(sources of variation
变异
SS
自由度
(υ)
均方
(MS)
FP
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)处理间(between-column)85.13328.3825.65<0.01
区组间(intra-group)4.8770.700.63>0.05
误差(error)23.24211.11
总(total)113.2431
鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)处理间(between-column)5.4831.8313.27<0.01
区组间(intra-group)14.3472.0514.88<0.01
误差(error)2.89210.14
总(total)22.7131
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818279842432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各试验组抑制试验结果的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
变异来源
(sources of variation
变异
SS
自由度
(υ)
均方
(MS)
FP
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)处理间(between-column)85.13328.3825.65<0.01
区组间(intra-group)4.8770.700.63>0.05
误差(error)23.24211.11
总(total)113.2431
鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)处理间(between-column)5.4831.8313.27<0.01
区组间(intra-group)14.3472.0514.88<0.01
误差(error)2.89210.14
总(total)22.7131
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818409865861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Analysis of variance of inhibition test data for products from different manufacturers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
变异来源
(sources of variation
变异
SS
自由度
(υ)
均方
(MS)
FP
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)处理间(between-column)0.3630.122.96>0.05
区组间(intra-group)1.6570.245.90<0.01
误差(error)0.84210.04
总(total)2.8531
鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)处理间(Between-column)0.2540.062.58>0.05
区组间(intra-group)32.3374.62190.75<0.01
误差(error)0.68280.02
总(total)33.2639
), ArticleFig(id=1239173818489557644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239173809685713253, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同厂家产品抑制试验数据的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain)
变异来源
(sources of variation
变异
SS
自由度
(υ)
均方
(MS)
FP
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)处理间(between-column)0.3630.122.96>0.05
区组间(intra-group)1.6570.245.90<0.01
误差(error)0.84210.04
总(total)2.8531
鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)处理间(Between-column)0.2540.062.58>0.05
区组间(intra-group)32.3374.62190.75<0.01
误差(error)0.68280.02
总(total)33.2639
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乳酸菌素颗粒体外生物活性的比较研究*
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丁勃 1, 2 , 郭君贞 1 , 孟晓丽 1 , 胡文红 1 , 刘新泳 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定·活性分析 2024,44(2): 272-279
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药物分析杂志 | 生物检定·活性分析 2024, 44(2): 272-279
乳酸菌素颗粒体外生物活性的比较研究*
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丁勃1, 2 , 郭君贞1, 孟晓丽1, 胡文红1, 刘新泳2, **
作者信息
  • 1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室,济南 250101
  • 2.山东大学药学院,济南 250012
  • Tel:(0531)81216758;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:(0531)88380270;E-mail:
Consistency study on in vitro bioactivity of lactobacillin granules*
Bo DING1, 2 , Jun-zhen GUO1, Xiao-li MENG1, Wen-hong HU1, Xin-yong LIU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
  • 2.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
出版时间: 2024-02-29 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.10
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目的:

对乳酸菌素颗粒仿制药与市售药品的体外生物活性进行比较研究,包括对致病菌的抑制作用和对益生菌的促生长作用,探索肠道菌群调控类药物的体外生物活性的一致性评价方法。

方法:

建立2种培养体系,分别考察乳酸菌素颗粒对致病菌的抑制作用和对益生菌的促生长作用,采用配伍设计的两因素方差分析,Dunnett-t检验,结合微生物的生长曲线,对4种产品的体外生物活性进行比较研究,评价其活性差异。

结果:

仿制药与3种市售产品对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑制作用和对鼠李糖乳杆菌的体外促生长作用没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。

结论:

初步建立了微生物代谢产物类肠道菌群调控药物的体外生物活性评价方法,为相关制剂的开发与质量评价提供依据。

乳酸菌素颗粒  /  体外生物活性  /  体外促生长试验  /  体外抑菌试验  /  一致性评价
Objective:

To compare the in vitro bioactivity between a generic lactobacillin granules drug and three commercial lactobacillin granules drugs, this study investigated inhibition on pathogenic bacteria, the growth promoting effect on probiotics, and establish a method to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity consistency of drugs that regulate gut microbiota.

Methods:

Two culture systems were set up to investigate the inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria and the growth promoting effect on probiotics by lactobacillin granules. The in vitro bioactivity consistency of four products was evaluated by microbial growth curve and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with Dunnett-t test.

Results:

No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and growth promotion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus between the generic lactobacillin granules and the commercial lactobacillin granules.

Conclusion:

This method could be used to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of drugs that regulate gut microbiota, and provided guidance on relevant drug development and quality evaluation.

lactobacillin granule  /  in vitro bioactivity  /  growth promoting test in vitro  /  in vitro bacteriostatic test  /  consistency evaluation
丁勃, 郭君贞, 孟晓丽, 胡文红, 刘新泳. 乳酸菌素颗粒体外生物活性的比较研究*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (2) : 272 -279 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.10
Bo DING, Jun-zhen GUO, Xiao-li MENG, Wen-hong HU, Xin-yong LIU. Consistency study on in vitro bioactivity of lactobacillin granules*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (2) : 272 -279 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.10
乳酸菌素是乳酸菌的代谢产物,在牛奶中发酵形成,经提取后加入淀粉、糊精等辅料制成乳酸菌素颗粒。药品说明书上载有“选择性的杀死肠道致病菌,保护促进有益菌的生长”的药理作用,用于消化不良、肠炎和腹泻等。
乳酸菌素的活性成分复杂,可能的活性物质包括具有生物活性的蛋白质、多肽或前体多肽等[1-2],其作用的发挥依赖于多种因素,因此,乳酸菌素的活性评价较为困难。除了多组分的因素外,试验设计还应综合考虑对有害菌的抑制或杀灭作用和对益生菌的促生长作用。查阅国内外药典、标准等,均未收载乳酸菌素及其类似药物的活性测定方法。
1977年,国内首个乳酸菌素原料和乳酸菌素片获批。限于当时的技术条件和对新药研发的认知水平,乳酸菌素的活性测定研究并不充分。根据产品特点,近年来,对于新申报的乳酸菌素原料或制剂,药品审评部门要求针对“多组分的特点与临床适应症,对乳酸菌素的活性测定”等,“与原研制剂进行比对研究”。由于本品均为国产,国外药典也未见收载该品种。参照国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心2015颁布的《生物类似药研发与评价技术指导原则》[3],比对试验研究应采用适宜的方法和技术,首先考虑与参照药物一致。“与原研制剂进行比对研究”即与现有市售产品进行生物活性的一致性比较研究。
根据本品的活性作用机制及样品特性,试验人员设计了高速振荡培养法,使得试验微生物与浓稠的样品悬液充分接触,采用配伍设计的两因素方差分析,绘制生长曲线,统计分析不同作用条件下微生物的生长差异,初步建立了乳酸菌素颗粒的体外生物活性一致性评价方法。本方法亦可用作其他菌群调控类药物的体外活性分析。
供试品:乳酸菌素原料,批号20170601,山西渊源药业有限公司;乳酸菌素颗粒,规格1 g·袋-1,批号201701,山东淄博新达制药有限公司;乳酸菌素颗粒,规格1 g·袋-1,批号170401,哈尔滨儿童制药厂有限公司;乳酸菌素颗粒,规格1 g·袋-1,批号170605,黑龙江省地纳制药有限公司;乳酸菌素颗粒,规格1 g·袋-1,批号170601,北京京丰制药集团。
试验微生物:金黄色葡萄球菌[CMCC(B)26003]、大肠埃希菌[CMCC(B)44102]、乙型副伤寒沙门菌[CMCC(B)50094]由中国食品药品检定研究院医学菌种保藏中心提供;单核细胞增多李斯特氏菌(CICC 21633)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(CICC 6224)由中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心提供。
培养基:蛋白胨(批号160920)、BHI培养基(批号151030)购于北京陆桥技术股份有限公司,酵母提取粉(批号3207031)、牛肉浸粉(批号160926)、MRS琼脂培养基(批号180709)、MRS肉汤培养基(批号1070371)、营养肉汤培养基(批号1066621)购于广东环凯微生物科技有限公司,BP-RPF培养基(批号1495650)购于生物梅里埃中国公司。
仪器:GHP-9270隔水式恒温培养箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司)、抑菌圈测量仪(IUL公司)、恒温振荡培养箱(INFORS公司)。
根据本品的适应症,实验设计需要兼顾对致病菌和益生菌的作用效果。李霞等[4]、吴桂荣等[5]、何宁等[6]、朱英莲等[7]、Mohammad等[8]采用管碟法研究了乳酸菌素对致病微生物的体外抗菌活性;Kim等[9]采用琼脂扩散法和小鼠感染模型研究了乳酸菌素NK34对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用;杨亚晋等[10]采用牛津杯法测定了植物乳杆菌SN4和粪肠球菌CN4产生的乳酸菌对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果;郭思建等[11]采用琼脂扩散法,以肉眼观察菌落大小作为是否受到促生长作用的判断依据,初步研究了乳酸菌素对双歧杆菌的促生长作用。
上述试验多采用琼脂扩散法考察单个菌株的作用效果,不足以综合评价本品的活性特点。且采用乳酸菌的培养液提取物或产品原料,供试液活性成分含量高,在琼脂上易形成明显的抑菌环。对于辅料占比60%以上的本品,制备活性成分高的供试液则需要溶解更多的样品,导致供试液浓稠,不适用于试验操作。促生长试验以菌落大小作为判定依据,受主观因素影响大,无明确数据支持,不同试验人员可能得出相悖的结论。
综上,乳酸菌素颗粒的体外活性评价试验要综合考虑供试液性状、活性成分含量、对微生物的促进或抑制效果和结果判断标准等。基于上述考虑,本试验设计思路如下。
促生长试验试验菌株选用鼠李糖乳杆菌,该菌为肠道内常住益生菌,种群具有一定的优势性[12],对于评价乳酸菌素的促生长作用有一定代表性。鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG可以体外抑制部分致病菌,对益生元的调控表现较为敏感[13],有利于试验结果的评价;抑制试验试验菌为金黄色葡萄球菌,体外抗菌试验表明,该菌对低浓度供试液较为敏感,易于反映组间差异性,且该菌耐受pH范围在4.2~9.3[14],适合于本品偏酸性的培养环境。
首先选取4种试验菌,以管碟法筛选乳酸菌素的体外抗菌活性浓度范围,为样品溶液测试浓度的选择提供依据。根据本品样品溶液粘稠的特性,体外活性试验设计采用高速振荡培养法,试验微生物在生长过程中,与浓稠的样品溶液充分接触,间隔采样计数,绘制微生物生长曲线,统计学分析不同作用条件下微生物的生长差异。
首先,采用配伍设计的两因素方差分析,比较不同浓度的乳酸菌素、辅料作用条件下,微生物生长曲线在各监测点上的数量差异;然后,采用Dunett-t检验进一步进行组间比较,分析各组与阳性对照组之间的差异;评价辅料的干扰作用,确定正式试验的供试液浓度;最后,采用配伍设计的两因素方差分析,以不同生产厂家的乳酸菌素颗粒作为处理因素,分析试验微生物生长曲线之间的差异并对结果进行评价。
采用管碟法测试乳酸菌素的体外抗菌活性,对供试液浓度和抑菌圈直径的lg值进行直线相关性假设检验,为体外生物活性试验中供试液浓度的选择提供依据。
取乳酸菌素原料适量,灭菌水稀释至50 mL,制成不同浓度的溶液(g·mL-1):5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%、17.5%、20%、22.5%、25%、27.5%、30%,37 ℃振荡溶解10 min,4 000 r·min-1离心15 min,取上清液,再用0.45 μm的无菌滤膜过滤[11],取滤液备用。
本品性质决定了试验过程中的诸多不确定因素。因此,拟通过增大样本量的方法,降低抽样误差。每个双碟安置4个钢管,每种试验菌的每个浓度平行制备4组,即采集16个数据。以大肠埃希菌体外抗菌试验结果为例,见图1表1
以供试液浓度为纵坐标,各试验菌抑菌圈直径的lg值的平均值作为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。结果见表2
相关系数的假设检验(α=0.01)表明:供试液浓度在5.0%~20.0%范围内,与大肠埃希菌抑菌圈直径的lg值呈正的直线相关;供试液浓度在7.5%~20.0%范围内,与金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌抑菌圈直径的lg值呈正的直线相关;供试液浓度在10.0%~30.0%范围内,与李斯特氏菌抑菌圈直径的lg值呈正的直线相关。供试液浓度与大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和李斯特氏菌抑菌圈直径的lg值的线性关系散点图如图2所示。
乳酸菌素对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌和李斯特氏菌均有抑制作用,随浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。乳酸菌素原料溶液在上述浓度范围内与抑菌圈直径的lg值呈正的直线关系,为体外生物活性的一致性研究试验确立了供试液的浓度范围。
乳酸菌素对微生物的作用机理复杂,为避免损失活性物质,本次试验仅对乳酸菌素颗粒进行研磨处理。
体外活性试验包括抑制试验和促生长试验。由于促生长试验无文献或数据支持其浓度的选择,两组试验均参考上述原料直线相关性研究中的浓度范围。选择直线相关的浓度范围内10%作为高级量组,直线相关的浓度范围外2%作为低剂量组,兼顾供试液性状的可操作性与统计数据分析的显著性。
试验用培养基仅满足试验微生物基础营养代谢即可,尽量避免抑制或促生长因子,加入少量缓冲盐,适当调节培养过程中外环境pH。经筛选、优化后,确定鼠李糖乳杆菌的试验培养基为:蛋白胨10.0 g·L-1、牛肉浸粉8.0 g·L-1、酵母粉7.0 g·L-1、硫酸锰0.05 g·L-1、硫酸镁0.1 g·L-1、柠檬酸铵2.0 g·L-1、磷酸二氢钾3.0 g·L-1、无水磷酸氢二钠5.0 g·L-1;金黄色葡萄球菌的试验培养基为:蛋白胨10.0 g·L-1、牛肉浸粉3.0 g·L-1、氯化钠5.0 g·L-1、磷酸二氢钾3.0 g·L-1、无水磷酸氢二钠5.0 g·L-1
高剂量组:取乳酸菌素颗粒(含乳酸菌素约5 g),研细,加入到50 mL培养基中;低剂量组:取乳酸菌素颗粒(含乳酸菌素约1g),研细,加入到50 mL培养基中;阳性对照组:培养基50 mL;辅料对照组:取辅料约7.5 g,相当于高剂量组中所含的辅料量,加入到50 mL培养基中。
每组接入含金黄色葡萄球菌106~107/mL的悬液0.5 mL,进行致病菌的抑制试验;另取4组(包括阳性对照组),每组接入含鼠李糖乳杆菌106~107/mL的悬液0.5 mL,进行益生菌的促生长试验。充分混匀后,置37℃恒温振荡培养箱中,180 r·min-1振荡培养。在1、2.5、3.5、5、6.5、7.5、8.5 h,取培养物测定菌含量。以取样时间为横坐标,菌数lg值为纵坐标,绘制生长曲线。
4个试验组对应的金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌生长曲线测定如图3所示。对数据进行方差分析,结果见表3
抑制试验和促生长试验各试验组菌量变化均有显著性差异(组间P<0.01),乳酸菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响更为显著(组间P<0.01,组内P>0.05)。
采用Dunnett-t检验进一步进行组间差异比较,结果表明,辅料对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长没有明显的抑制作用(t=0.52,P>0.05),低剂量对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用(t=4.02,P<0.01),高剂量抑制作用强于低剂量(t=3.71,P<0.01);辅料和低剂量对鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长没有明显的抑制或促进作用(t=1.08,P>0.05;t=0.34,P>0.05),高剂量组对鼠李糖乳杆菌的生长产生了抑制作用(t=5.26,P<0.01)。
根据上述试验结果,高剂量对鼠李糖杆菌表现为抑制作用,不适于体外活性的一致性试验研究。选择2%的含量进行试验,各组试验微生物的菌数lg值及生长曲线测定如图4所示。对2组数据进行方差分析,见表4
结果表明,4个厂家的产品对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长抑制能力没有显著性差异(组间P>0.05);对鼠李糖乳杆菌的作用无明显差异,与阳性对照基本一致(组间P>0.05)。
体外活性试验表明,乳酸菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌有较强的抑制作用,具体表现为抑菌圈的产生或培养物中活菌数的快速下降。但是,对于鼠李糖乳杆菌,却并未表现出预期的作用效果,如对数期前移、活菌数增加等直观的加速增殖现象,高剂量组甚至对鼠李糖乳杆菌产生了抑制作用。
究其原因,一方面,对益生菌的促生长作用表象并无明确定论,不同的生长环境其表现形式可能不同[15-16]。本次试验主要关注不同组样品体外活性的一致性,尽量将药物因素作为主导处理因素,有效控制非处理因素。如果过度关注鼠李糖乳杆菌的促生长效果而施加了过多非处理因素,则可能会对药物因素的处理结果造成掩盖。
另一方面,体外试验纯培养环境与复杂的体内环境有较大差异。实际在肠道内或模拟肠道环境的共培养条件下,2种或多种微生物共存时,乳酸菌素虽未直接刺激鼠李糖乳杆菌菌体细胞的增殖,但是有效抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌,鼠李糖乳杆菌繁殖速度则相对加快,逐渐形成竞争优势,产生更多的活性成分,加速有害菌的衰亡。詹扬等[17]通过动物试验证明,乳酸菌素可以快速调整抗生素致腹泻小鼠的肠道菌群紊乱,抑制或杀灭腹泻相关菌属,增加肠道益生菌丰度。Song等[18]采用体外共培养法证实,鼠李糖乳杆菌在2.5×108 cfu·mL-1的浓度下,可以有效抑制大肠埃希菌生物膜的形成并且干扰成熟的生物膜,从而达到抑制致病菌生长的作用。因此,本次试验结果总体符合乳酸菌素颗粒的药理作用特点。
目前,国内用于临床的肠道菌群调节类药物,除了上述以乳酸菌素为代表的微生物代谢产物类产品外,还有微生态活菌制品、中成药、药物与益生菌的组合制剂等等。药物对于菌群的调节机制复杂,很难通过单一的检测方法或组分分析评价其活性。现有的研究多集中在动物试验上,给药后采集动物肠壁组织或粪便,根据肠道微生物宏基因组变化情况[19-20],评价药物对肠道菌群的影响。但是,动物肠道微生物与人体有很大不同,且试验受个体差异、样本量、试验时间、判定标准等因素影响,动物试验的结果对于药物活性评价的意义较为有限。本文采用人体肠道中常见的致病菌和有益菌作为试验对象,虽然研究对象较单一,但是,也避免了其他因素的干扰,将药物因素作为主导处理因素,评价指标明确,适合于开发为标准化的检测方法。
根据各类人群肠道微生物特点,本研究将继续筛选有代表性的有益菌、中性菌和有害菌,增加试验菌株的种类,设计多菌种混合培养装置[21],把肠道中较有代表性且易于受到药物或菌群变化影响的微生物作为指标微生物,在维持药物作为主导处理因素的同时,进一步完善评价方法。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.02.10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
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*国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题微生态活菌制品分类及标准建立(2020S10)
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    1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室,济南 250101
    2.山东大学药学院,济南 250012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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