Article(id=1239148844827603734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1705593600000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773365706878, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1711814400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773365706878, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773365706878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773365706878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239148837584040649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='373', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773365705152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773367146269, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=450, endPage=461, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239148845192508196, articleId=1239148844827603734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Identification and determination of related substances of timolol maleate*, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a method for related substances determination in timolol maleate by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),by which the impurities both in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs) and preparations can be recognized and determined.

Methods:

An ACE Excel3 C18-AR column(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)was used for the separation and a mixture of 0.01 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution with 0.02% formic acid and methanol was employed as the mobile phase by gradient elution,at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength for UV detector was 295 nm,an HESI(heated ESI)ion source was employed in both the positive mode and negative mode. The possible fragmentation patterns prediction was conducted with the help of Mass Frontier 8.0 and Compound Discover 3.3. The related substances could be recognized and determined by means of the forced degradation of the APIs,with the calibration by the correction factors and confirmation by the mass spectrum data from UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS.

Results:

The timolol impurity B[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)propan-1-ol],timolol impurity D(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-2-ol),timolol impurity E((SZ)-4-({1-(tert-butylamino)- 3-[(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) oxy] propan-2-yl}oxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid maleate salt) and timolol impurity C[N-(tert-butyl)-2,3-bis (4-morphloline-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy) propan-1-amine maleate] were produced from the APIs under selected conditions and separated well in the specified HPLC condition,the limit of quantitation was 0.05 μg·mL-1 and the limit of detection was 0.015 μg·mL-1 for HPLC-UV. The contents of individual impurities were between 0.000 4%-0.09% and the results of total impurities were between 0.02%-0.12% for the samples from 4 different manufactures. The probable chemical structures of the 6 unspecified impurities were speculated according to the fragmentation pattern of fragment ions,combined with the fragment information,chemical structure of API and the references.

Conclusion:

The system solution can be obtained by the degradation of the API,and be implied in the impurity analysis for the timolol maleate. The results can be used as a reference for the quality control of timolol maletae.

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目的:

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)鉴定马来酸噻吗洛尔中的有关物质。

方法:

采用ACE Excel3 C18-AR(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,以含0.01 mol·L-1乙酸铵的0.2%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.6 mL·min-1,紫外检测器检测波长295 nm,质谱检测器采用HESI离子源,正负离子检测模式,碎片和裂解分析借助Mass Frontier 8.0和Compound Discover 3.3软件,通过对主成分进行破坏可以获得系统适用性溶液对样品中的杂质采用UPLC-Q/Orbitrap进行鉴定和分析。

结果:

主成分在特定条件下可产生出噻吗洛尔杂质B{(±)-1-(叔丁氨基)-2-[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-1-丙醇}、噻吗洛尔杂质D(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑)、噻吗洛尔杂质E((SZ)-4{(-)-1-(叔丁氨基)-2[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-4-氧代丁烯二酸})和噻吗洛尔杂质C{(±)-N-(叔丁氨基)-2,3-二[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-2-丙烷胺},噻吗洛尔峰和各杂质峰分离良好,采用紫外检测器测定,定量限为0.05 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.015 μg·mL-1。结合UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS结果和文献报道,推测了另外6个主要杂质的结构。4家企业生产的8批样品测定结果单个杂质含量在0.000 4%~0.09%,总杂质含量在0.02%~0.12%。

结论:

通过主成分破坏可获得系统适用性溶液,并用于马来酸噻吗洛尔中杂质的检测与鉴定,结果可为马来酸噻吗洛尔的质量控制提供参考依据。

, correspAuthors=严全鸿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(020)32447921;E-mail:
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Basic Clin Pharm Toxicol2010106(4):302, articleTitle=Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on timolol metabolism in human liver microsomes and cryo-preserved hepatocytes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239171021270471261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, awardId=B2023406, language=CN, fundingSource=*广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2023406), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239171012735062308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171012747645221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, companyId=1239171012735062308, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangdong Institute for Drug Control,Guangdong Institute for Drug Control NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients,Guangzhou 510525,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171012751839528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, companyId=1239171012735062308, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东省药品检验所 国家药品监督管理局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510525)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239171016346358217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chemical structures of timolol maleate and major impurities, figureFileSmall=cRsp7Q8QyuutHZiewAyVXQ==, figureFileBig=jqGACXQ1VhMhR1eI4fPnAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016455410125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图1 , caption=马来酸噻吗洛尔及其杂质的化学结构, figureFileSmall=cRsp7Q8QyuutHZiewAyVXQ==, figureFileBig=jqGACXQ1VhMhR1eI4fPnAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016551879122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The reactions in the degradation solutions, figureFileSmall=c29mmahTRC0xsIrQuPWxBg==, figureFileBig=j/d/IzdrZvTCmIJL/LECtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016623182296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图2 , caption=各降解溶液反应原理, figureFileSmall=c29mmahTRC0xsIrQuPWxBg==, figureFileBig=j/d/IzdrZvTCmIJL/LECtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016744817118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The chromatograms of the degradation solutions, figureFileSmall=mxQNdRgKRNqMBILJn1jGzA==, figureFileBig=vqbOQsPNLtqLU59onKvpbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016874840547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图3 , caption=降解溶液色谱图

1.降解溶液Ⅰ(degradation solution Ⅰ) 2.降解溶液Ⅱ(degradation solution Ⅱ) 3.降解溶液Ⅲ(degradation solution Ⅲ) 4.降解溶液Ⅳ(degradation solution Ⅳ)

, figureFileSmall=mxQNdRgKRNqMBILJn1jGzA==, figureFileBig=vqbOQsPNLtqLU59onKvpbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016979698153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The chromatogram of the system suitability solution, figureFileSmall=tOudti/AyDDmn7Ib3KypUg==, figureFileBig=5gI5QGCj2x4tOqLdJebpxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017084555759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图4 , caption=系统适用性溶液色谱图, figureFileSmall=tOudti/AyDDmn7Ib3KypUg==, figureFileBig=5gI5QGCj2x4tOqLdJebpxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017181024756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The EIC of the impurities in the system suitability solution, figureFileSmall=9wcdCbxa7HsIihph8XU/pw==, figureFileBig=Q5yd+Em7Ze5WvoeRkooU1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017273299446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图5 , caption=系统适用性溶液色谱图中各杂质选择离子流图, figureFileSmall=9wcdCbxa7HsIihph8XU/pw==, figureFileBig=Q5yd+Em7Ze5WvoeRkooU1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017352991228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The results of forced degradation, figureFileSmall=gOjeYKbd+tBsj9lCg0Sgvg==, figureFileBig=ohsfiK0KEehBKsuteQPMuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017415905793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图6 , caption=强制降解试验结果色谱图

1.未破坏(undamaged) 2.酸破坏(damaged by acid) 3.碱破坏(damaged by alkali) 4高温破坏(damaged by high temperature) 5氧化破坏(damaged by oxidation) 6光照破坏(damaged by light)

, figureFileSmall=gOjeYKbd+tBsj9lCg0Sgvg==, figureFileBig=ohsfiK0KEehBKsuteQPMuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017495597573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 1, figureFileSmall=aKt6adSauogiKb2cQ9cnTw==, figureFileBig=j/0HGqCQneKOTMhu0lb3eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017579483656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图7 , caption=未知杂质1的推测裂解途径, figureFileSmall=aKt6adSauogiKb2cQ9cnTw==, figureFileBig=j/0HGqCQneKOTMhu0lb3eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017684341262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 2, figureFileSmall=NuLSvfwg0XPxPLoZ8hMX8g==, figureFileBig=rfrLnWDBspRtfc9R+EUH1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017789198864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图8 , caption=未知杂质2的推测裂解途径, figureFileSmall=NuLSvfwg0XPxPLoZ8hMX8g==, figureFileBig=rfrLnWDBspRtfc9R+EUH1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171017885667862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 3, figureFileSmall=v+HzRjWk8uPjl9dN+K8aKw==, figureFileBig=M8GFqwj+Mvoyp30rI5OyHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018007302686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图9 , caption=未知杂质3的推测裂解途径, figureFileSmall=v+HzRjWk8uPjl9dN+K8aKw==, figureFileBig=M8GFqwj+Mvoyp30rI5OyHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018091188770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 4, figureFileSmall=I3Qhy4BgNJFAXD+jFK6s1Q==, figureFileBig=i462Ta8vkk4HdjYxYT4C5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018187657766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图10 , caption=未知杂质4的推测裂解途径, figureFileSmall=I3Qhy4BgNJFAXD+jFK6s1Q==, figureFileBig=i462Ta8vkk4HdjYxYT4C5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018288321067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 5, figureFileSmall=c/4e3QDo8JkGSpVV7O8krA==, figureFileBig=uEg62U2RgSWeui3l9J5yvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018401567276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图11 , caption=未知杂质5的可能裂解途径, figureFileSmall=c/4e3QDo8JkGSpVV7O8krA==, figureFileBig=uEg62U2RgSWeui3l9J5yvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018510619184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Possible fragmentation pathways of unknown impurity 6, figureFileSmall=sjvnSVIZSgeZ3q2WVzNOyg==, figureFileBig=XYGreCbVlJQOfKxxyZuyYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018607088178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=图12 , caption=未知杂质6的可能裂解途径, figureFileSmall=sjvnSVIZSgeZ3q2WVzNOyg==, figureFileBig=XYGreCbVlJQOfKxxyZuyYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018686779958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Summary table of characterized impurities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杂质名称
(impurity name)
离子式
(ion formula)
[M+H]+
理论值
(theoretical value) m/z
降解溶液中实测值
(measured value in degradation solution)m/z
对照品溶液中实测值
(measured value in standard solution)m/z
*偏差
(deviation)/×106
噻吗洛尔杂质B(timolol impurity B)C13H24N4O3S+H+317.164 2317.164 1317.164 00
噻吗洛尔杂质D(timolol impurity D)C6H9N3O2S+H+188.048 8188.048 9188.048 81
噻吗洛尔杂质E(timolol impurity E)C17H26N4O6S+H+415.164 6415.164 2415.164 51
噻吗洛尔杂质C(timolol impurity C)C19H31N7O4S2+H+486.195 2486.194 9486.195 10
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018858746429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

系统适用性溶液和各对照品溶液中各色谱峰对应的确认([M+H]+

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杂质名称
(impurity name)
离子式
(ion formula)
[M+H]+
理论值
(theoretical value) m/z
降解溶液中实测值
(measured value in degradation solution)m/z
对照品溶液中实测值
(measured value in standard solution)m/z
*偏差
(deviation)/×106
噻吗洛尔杂质B(timolol impurity B)C13H24N4O3S+H+317.164 2317.164 1317.164 00
噻吗洛尔杂质D(timolol impurity D)C6H9N3O2S+H+188.048 8188.048 9188.048 81
噻吗洛尔杂质E(timolol impurity E)C17H26N4O6S+H+415.164 6415.164 2415.164 51
噻吗洛尔杂质C(timolol impurity C)C19H31N7O4S2+H+486.195 2486.194 9486.195 10
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018934243903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of regression equations and correction factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称
(name)
线性回归方程和校正因子(liner regression equation and correction factor)
Thermo3000+ACE C18-1SHIMADAZU+ACE C18-2Agilent+UltimateC18
噻吗洛尔(timolol) Y=9 727.23X+641.94,r=1.000 Y=13 358.81X+733.206 1,r=1.000 Y=13 204.28X+7 310.89,r=1.000
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
Y=10 407.60X+759.32,r=1.000,0.93 Y=14 151.91 X-50.14,r=1.000,0.94 Y=14 324.46X+1 080.70,r=1.000,0.92
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
Y=9 253.72X+1 324.12,r=1.000 0,1.05 Y=12 857.39X+1 153.92,r=1.000,1.04 Y=12 942.35X+1 174.13,r=1.000,1.02
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity C)
Y=10 806.51X+2 055.63,r=1.000,0.90 Y=15 061.58 X-322.11,r=1.000,0.89 Y=14 981.34X+3 465.90,r=1.000,0.88
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
Y=18 192.08X+1 741.81,r=1.000,0.53 Y=25 095.73X+1 198.45,r=1.000,0.53 Y=25 198.09X+1 345.31,r=1.000,0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019026518595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

线性及校正因子考察结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称
(name)
线性回归方程和校正因子(liner regression equation and correction factor)
Thermo3000+ACE C18-1SHIMADAZU+ACE C18-2Agilent+UltimateC18
噻吗洛尔(timolol) Y=9 727.23X+641.94,r=1.000 Y=13 358.81X+733.206 1,r=1.000 Y=13 204.28X+7 310.89,r=1.000
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
Y=10 407.60X+759.32,r=1.000,0.93 Y=14 151.91 X-50.14,r=1.000,0.94 Y=14 324.46X+1 080.70,r=1.000,0.92
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
Y=9 253.72X+1 324.12,r=1.000 0,1.05 Y=12 857.39X+1 153.92,r=1.000,1.04 Y=12 942.35X+1 174.13,r=1.000,1.02
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity C)
Y=10 806.51X+2 055.63,r=1.000,0.90 Y=15 061.58 X-322.11,r=1.000,0.89 Y=14 981.34X+3 465.90,r=1.000,0.88
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
Y=18 192.08X+1 741.81,r=1.000,0.53 Y=25 095.73X+1 198.45,r=1.000,0.53 Y=25 198.09X+1 345.31,r=1.000,0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019127181896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of repeatability test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
噻吗洛尔杂质E
(timolol impurity E)
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity)
最大未知杂质
(unspecified impurity)
总杂质
(total impurities)
0.0010.0020.002/*0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.001/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0020.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.001/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0020.02
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019215262285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

重复性试验结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
噻吗洛尔杂质E
(timolol impurity E)
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity)
最大未知杂质
(unspecified impurity)
总杂质
(total impurities)
0.0010.0020.002/*0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.001/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0020.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.001/0.010.0010.02
0.0010.0020.002/0.010.0020.02
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019320119889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of related substances test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批号
(batch No.)
含量(content)/%
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
噻吗洛尔杂质E
(timolol impurity E)
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity C)
最大未知
(unspecified impurity)
总杂
(total impurities)
2019100010.0030.000 80.000 40.0010.010.000 50.02
2019100020.0030.000 90.000 60.0010.020.000 40.03
2018110010.0020.000 50.0010.0020.030.000 60.03
Y19090010.0010.0020.002/*0.010.0010.02
Y19090020.0010.0070.003/0.0040.0010.02
Y19100030.0010.0080.006/0.0080.0010.02
190307110.001/0.0090.0030.0040.090.11
20200300.002/0.01/0.020.090.12
), ArticleFig(id=1239171020804903511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

有关物质测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批号
(batch No.)
含量(content)/%
噻吗洛尔杂质D
(timolol impurity D)
噻吗洛尔杂质E
(timolol impurity E)
噻吗洛尔杂质B
(timolol impurity B)
噻吗洛尔杂质F
(timolol impurity F)
噻吗洛尔杂质C
(timolol impurity C)
最大未知
(unspecified impurity)
总杂
(total impurities)
2019100010.0030.000 80.000 40.0010.010.000 50.02
2019100020.0030.000 90.000 60.0010.020.000 40.03
2018110010.0020.000 50.0010.0020.030.000 60.03
Y19090010.0010.0020.002/*0.010.0010.02
Y19090020.0010.0070.003/0.0040.0010.02
Y19100030.0010.0080.006/0.0080.0010.02
190307110.001/0.0090.0030.0040.090.11
20200300.002/0.01/0.020.090.12
), ArticleFig(id=1239171020930732631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The mass spectrum data and probable chemical structure of the unknown related substances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
检出样品
(sample)
tR/min离子式
(ion formula)
[M+H]+
推测结构式
(estimate chemical structure)
理论值
(theoretical value)m/z
实测值
(measured value)m/z
主要碎片离子
(main fragmentation ion) m/z
编差
(derivation)/×106
1系统适用性溶液(system suitability solution) 4.1C6H9N3O3S+H+204.043 7204.043 7**186.033 4,160.017 0,113.070 9**,69.044 8**0
2供试品溶液(test solution)6.2C11H22N4O3S+H+291.148 5291.148 5**235.085 9,162.033 2,144.022 7,74.060 10
3供试品溶液(test solution)7.7C13H22N4O5S+H+347.138 4347.138 2**291.075 5,245.070 1,172.017 5,74.060 01
4供试品溶液(test solution)12.9C13H24N4O2S+H+301.169 3301.169 3245.106 6,228.080 1,188.048 8,58.065 10
5供试品溶液(test solution)21.7C7H11N3O2S+H+202.064 5202.064 3**184.053 7,158.038 2,143.014 61
6系统适用性溶液(system suitability solution)30.6C10H17N3O2S+H+244.111 4244.111 1188.048 8,160.017 4,144.022 6,68.049 51
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021056561754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148844827603734, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

未知杂质的质谱数据和推测结构

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
检出样品
(sample)
tR/min离子式
(ion formula)
[M+H]+
推测结构式
(estimate chemical structure)
理论值
(theoretical value)m/z
实测值
(measured value)m/z
主要碎片离子
(main fragmentation ion) m/z
编差
(derivation)/×106
1系统适用性溶液(system suitability solution) 4.1C6H9N3O3S+H+204.043 7204.043 7**186.033 4,160.017 0,113.070 9**,69.044 8**0
2供试品溶液(test solution)6.2C11H22N4O3S+H+291.148 5291.148 5**235.085 9,162.033 2,144.022 7,74.060 10
3供试品溶液(test solution)7.7C13H22N4O5S+H+347.138 4347.138 2**291.075 5,245.070 1,172.017 5,74.060 01
4供试品溶液(test solution)12.9C13H24N4O2S+H+301.169 3301.169 3245.106 6,228.080 1,188.048 8,58.065 10
5供试品溶液(test solution)21.7C7H11N3O2S+H+202.064 5202.064 3**184.053 7,158.038 2,143.014 61
6系统适用性溶液(system suitability solution)30.6C10H17N3O2S+H+244.111 4244.111 1188.048 8,160.017 4,144.022 6,68.049 51
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马来酸噻吗洛尔中有关物质的识别和测定*
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(3): 450-461
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(3): 450-461
马来酸噻吗洛尔中有关物质的识别和测定*
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田珩 , 吴纯敏, 严全鸿**
作者信息
  • 广东省药品检验所 国家药品监督管理局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510525
  • Tel:(020)32447921;E-mail:

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**Tel:(020)32447921;E-mail:
Identification and determination of related substances of timolol maleate*
Heng TIAN , Chun-min WU, Quan-hong YAN**
Affiliations
  • Guangdong Institute for Drug Control,Guangdong Institute for Drug Control NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients,Guangzhou 510525,China
出版时间: 2024-03-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.10
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目的:

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)鉴定马来酸噻吗洛尔中的有关物质。

方法:

采用ACE Excel3 C18-AR(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,以含0.01 mol·L-1乙酸铵的0.2%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.6 mL·min-1,紫外检测器检测波长295 nm,质谱检测器采用HESI离子源,正负离子检测模式,碎片和裂解分析借助Mass Frontier 8.0和Compound Discover 3.3软件,通过对主成分进行破坏可以获得系统适用性溶液对样品中的杂质采用UPLC-Q/Orbitrap进行鉴定和分析。

结果:

主成分在特定条件下可产生出噻吗洛尔杂质B{(±)-1-(叔丁氨基)-2-[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-1-丙醇}、噻吗洛尔杂质D(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑)、噻吗洛尔杂质E((SZ)-4{(-)-1-(叔丁氨基)-2[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-4-氧代丁烯二酸})和噻吗洛尔杂质C{(±)-N-(叔丁氨基)-2,3-二[(4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)氧]-2-丙烷胺},噻吗洛尔峰和各杂质峰分离良好,采用紫外检测器测定,定量限为0.05 μg·mL-1,检测限为0.015 μg·mL-1。结合UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS结果和文献报道,推测了另外6个主要杂质的结构。4家企业生产的8批样品测定结果单个杂质含量在0.000 4%~0.09%,总杂质含量在0.02%~0.12%。

结论:

通过主成分破坏可获得系统适用性溶液,并用于马来酸噻吗洛尔中杂质的检测与鉴定,结果可为马来酸噻吗洛尔的质量控制提供参考依据。

马来酸噻吗洛尔  /  β-受体阻断剂  /  有关物质  /  杂质鉴定  /  超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱
Objective:

To establish a method for related substances determination in timolol maleate by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),by which the impurities both in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs) and preparations can be recognized and determined.

Methods:

An ACE Excel3 C18-AR column(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)was used for the separation and a mixture of 0.01 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution with 0.02% formic acid and methanol was employed as the mobile phase by gradient elution,at a flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength for UV detector was 295 nm,an HESI(heated ESI)ion source was employed in both the positive mode and negative mode. The possible fragmentation patterns prediction was conducted with the help of Mass Frontier 8.0 and Compound Discover 3.3. The related substances could be recognized and determined by means of the forced degradation of the APIs,with the calibration by the correction factors and confirmation by the mass spectrum data from UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS.

Results:

The timolol impurity B[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)propan-1-ol],timolol impurity D(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-2-ol),timolol impurity E((SZ)-4-({1-(tert-butylamino)- 3-[(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) oxy] propan-2-yl}oxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid maleate salt) and timolol impurity C[N-(tert-butyl)-2,3-bis (4-morphloline-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy) propan-1-amine maleate] were produced from the APIs under selected conditions and separated well in the specified HPLC condition,the limit of quantitation was 0.05 μg·mL-1 and the limit of detection was 0.015 μg·mL-1 for HPLC-UV. The contents of individual impurities were between 0.000 4%-0.09% and the results of total impurities were between 0.02%-0.12% for the samples from 4 different manufactures. The probable chemical structures of the 6 unspecified impurities were speculated according to the fragmentation pattern of fragment ions,combined with the fragment information,chemical structure of API and the references.

Conclusion:

The system solution can be obtained by the degradation of the API,and be implied in the impurity analysis for the timolol maleate. The results can be used as a reference for the quality control of timolol maletae.

timolol maleate  /  β-blocke  /  related substance  /  identification of impurities  /  UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS
田珩, 吴纯敏, 严全鸿. 马来酸噻吗洛尔中有关物质的识别和测定*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 450 -461 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.10
Heng TIAN, Chun-min WU, Quan-hong YAN. Identification and determination of related substances of timolol maleate*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (3) : 450 -461 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.10
马来酸噻吗洛尔为非选择性β受体阻断剂,临床用于治疗高血压病、心绞痛、心动过速及青光眼[1-2]。各国药典均已收载控制马来酸噻吗洛尔中杂质的方法,其中2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》采用薄层色谱法,专属性较差;USP-NF 2023和BP 2023采用高效液相色谱法,专属性较好,不仅需要从国外购买价格昂贵的杂质对照品,还分别使用了离子对试剂辛烷磺酸钠和峰形改善剂三氟乙酸,这些试剂对色谱柱损伤较大且无法直接进质谱进行定性分析,不利于方法的普及和杂质的鉴定[3-5]
超高效液相-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),具有高通量、高选择性、高灵敏度等优点,适用于多种目标化合物的筛查和确证分析,可用于马来酸噻吗洛尔中杂质的鉴定和分析[6-7]
本文采用马来酸噻吗洛尔原料,在选定条件下,定向破坏出目标已知杂质(相关结构式见图1)和未知杂质,对其中的已知杂质进行识别和测定,建立的测定方法可同时适用于普通液相的紫外检测器和液质联用仪的质谱检测器。
Q Exactive Focus四极杆-高分辨静电场轨道阱液质联用仪(配Compound Discover 3.3和Mass Frontier 8.0软件辅助二级质谱碎片分析,Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);LC-20AT高效液相色谱仪(SHIMADZU有限公司);UltiMate3000高效液相色谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);Agilent 1290高效液相色谱仪(Agilent公司);电子天平(精度0.1 mg/0.01 mg,Mettler TOLEDO公司);ACE Excel3 C18-AR(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱;Ultimate XB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱;SW22恒温水浴摇床(Julabo公司);ED56恒温干燥箱(BINDER公司)。
样品:马来酸噻吗洛尔原料(批号201910001、201910002、201811001,江苏慈星药业有限公司;批号Y1909001、Y1909002、Y1910003,天津中央药业有限公司);马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液(批号20200307,中山大学附属眼科医院;批号19030711,广东宏盈科技有限公司)。
马来酸噻吗洛尔对照品(批号4,含量100%,EDQM);各杂质对照品[噻吗洛尔杂质B(批号R073G0,含量100%,USP),噻吗洛尔杂质C(批号R090T0,含量100%,USP),噻吗洛尔杂质D(批号R071X0,含量100%,USP),噻吗洛尔杂质E(批号R073H0,含量99%,USP),噻吗洛尔杂质F(批号R102U0,含量100%,USP);3-氯-4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑(批号D2027109,含量98.5%,上海阿拉丁生化技术有限公司);叔丁醇(批号20150331,含量98.0%,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);叔丁醇钾(批号C1388730,含量98%,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);马来酸(批号C13523717,含量99.0%,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);水为纯净水(屈臣氏),甲酸和甲醇为色谱纯或质谱纯,其余试剂均为分析纯。
采用ACE Excel3 C18-AR(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)色谱柱,流动相A为含0.01 mol·L-1乙酸铵的0.2%甲酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇;梯度洗脱(0~10 min,45%B;10~20 min,45%B~75%B;20~28 min,75%B;28~29 min,75%B~45%B;29~37 min,45%B);检测波长295 nm,流速0.6 mL·min-1,柱温35 ℃,进样体积普通液相为5 μL,UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS 1 μL。
HESI源,正、负离子模式下分别进行检测;鞘气流速约6.08 L·min-1;辅助气流速约10.08 L·min-1;吹扫气流速约3.75 L·min-1;正喷雾电压3.5 kV;离子传输管温度275 ℃;干燥器温度450 ℃;扫描模式:Full MS/dd-MS2;质量扫描范围m/z 150~1 500;分辨率70 000(Full MS),17 500(MS2);自动增益控制目标离子数3×106
取马来酸噻吗洛尔原料约50 mg,精密称定,置10 mL量瓶中,用溶剂(0.01 mol·L-1乙酸铵的0.2%甲酸水溶液-甲醇(50:50),后续试验均用此溶剂)溶解并稀释至刻度,混匀,作为原料供试品溶液;取马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液,作为滴眼液供试品溶液。
精密量取供试品溶液1 mL至100 mL量瓶中,用溶剂稀释至刻度,混匀,从中再精密量取1 mL至10 mL量瓶中,用溶剂稀释至刻度,即得。
取马来酸噻吗洛尔原料约50 mg,加入5 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液1 mL,置75 ℃水浴加热30 min,冷却,加入5 mol·L-1盐酸溶液1 mL,用溶剂稀释至10 mL,即得。
取马来酸噻吗洛尔原料10 mg和马来酸200 mg,避光条件下充分研磨混匀,再置105 ℃干燥箱中加热60 min,冷却,取10 mg用溶剂溶解并定容至10 mL,即得。
取马来酸噻吗洛尔原料10 mg,加入含10%叔丁醇钾的叔丁醇溶液1 mL,置26 ℃水浴30 min,用溶剂稀释并定容至10 mL,即得。
取马来酸噻吗洛尔原料10 mg和3-氯-4-吗啉基-1,5,5-噻二唑20 mg,加入含10%叔丁醇钾的叔丁醇溶液2 mL,置26 ℃水浴180 min,用溶剂稀释并定容至10 mL,即得。
取降解溶液Ⅱ中加热并冷却过的固体粉末约5 mg,用5 mL降解溶液Ⅳ溶解,即得。
取马来酸噻吗洛尔对照品约10 mg,精密称定,置50 mL量瓶中,用溶剂溶解并定容至刻度,得质量浓度约为200 μg·mL-1
取对照品噻吗洛尔杂质B、D、E、C和F各约10 mg,精密称定,分别置50 mL量瓶中,用溶剂溶解并定容至刻度,即得,各杂质质量浓度分别约为200 μg·mL-1
精密量取各杂质对照品储备液各5 mL,分别用溶剂稀释并定容至10 mL,即得,质量浓度分别约为100 μg·mL-1
目前USP和BP分别采用杂质对照品外标法和加校正因子的主成分自身对照法控制马来酸噻吗洛尔中的噻吗洛尔杂质B、D、E、C和F,涉及使用价格昂贵的杂质对照品[4-5]。为了避免购买国外的杂质对照品,通过分析马来酸噻吗洛尔和相关杂质的结构特征[1],结合工艺[8],通过一定的反应条件生成含有上述杂质组分的定位溶液和系统适用性溶液,从而实现对样品中杂质的识别和测定。
根据主成分和各杂质的结构及预试验结果,噻吗洛尔杂质B为噻吗洛尔中丙醇基断裂重排后的同分异构体,可在强碱性加热条件下或叔丁醇钾的叔丁醇溶液催化条件下生成;噻吗洛尔杂质D为噻吗洛尔中的叔丁胺基丙醇键断裂后产生的噻二唑吗啉,可在强酸或强碱加热条件下生成;噻吗洛尔杂质E为噻吗洛尔与一分子马来酸在醇羟基位加合的产物,可在避光条件下,通过主成分与马来酸研磨混匀后,加热产生;噻吗洛尔杂质F为起始物料之一,可通过购买价格低廉的商业化试剂获得;噻吗洛尔杂质C为噻吗洛尔中的丙醇基被一分子噻二唑玛啉取代后形成的副产物,可通过混合主成分和噻吗洛尔杂质F,在叔丁醇钾的叔丁醇溶液催化条件下生产。综合反应原理和预试验结果,最终选择配制降解溶液Ⅰ~Ⅳ和包含上述杂质及主成分的系统适用性溶液,反应原理见图2
取“2.2”中的降解溶液Ⅰ~Ⅳ和系统适用性溶液,按“2.1”中色谱条件和质谱条件,分别采用HPLC-PDA和UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS进行分析,与同法测定的各杂质对照品的DAD图谱和一二级质谱图进行比对,保留时间、UV光谱、一级母离子质荷比及二级碎片离子质荷比结果一致,结合Mass Frontier 8.0预测的各杂质裂解途径进行分析,可基本确认降解产生的各色谱峰为目标杂质峰。结果见图3表1
为保证建立的方法可适用于普通高效液相色谱仪,采用配UV或PDA检测器的普通液相色谱进行了方法学的验证。
取“2.2.1”中的供试品溶液和溶剂,分别进行酸(1 mol·L-1盐酸)、碱(1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠)、氧化(30%过氧化氢)、高温(沸水浴)及光照射(2 000 lx光照5 d)等强制破坏试验,按“2.1.1”中色谱条件,采用高效液相色谱仪进行测定。结果表明,空白溶剂无干扰,在各破坏条件下,产生的各杂质峰与噻吗洛尔峰均能有效分离;空白溶剂不影响主成分和各降解产物的检出,方法专属性良好。
取“2.2”中的马来酸噻吗洛尔和各杂质对照品储备液,用溶剂逐级稀释为质量浓度分别约为100、50、20、10、5和2.5 μg·mL-1的系列溶液,分别采用3台不同品牌的高效液相色谱仪和3根色谱柱,按“2.1.1”中的色谱条件测定,以质量浓度(X)对峰面积(Y)进行线性回归,并按斜率法计算出各杂质相对于噻吗洛尔的校正因子。除噻吗洛尔杂质E不稳定,配制成溶液后较快降解,无法计算校正因子外,噻吗洛尔和其他各杂质在测定浓度范围内线性良好,结果见表2
取“2.2.2”中配制的对照溶液5 μL,连续进样6次,噻吗洛尔峰峰面积的RSD(n=6)为1.2%,精密度良好。
按“2.2”中方法制备6份同一批次(Y1909001)的供试品溶液,采用液相色谱仪,分别测定有关物质,结果见表3,表明重复性良好。
取“2.2”中配制的马来酸噻吗洛尔对照品储备液,用溶剂逐级稀释,注入Agilent液相色谱仪,采用HPLC-UV测定,定量限为0.05 μg·mL-1S/N≈10,0.001%),检测限为0.015 μg·mL-1S/N≈3,0.000 3%)。
取“2.2”中配制的供试品溶液和系统适用性溶液,室温放置0、2、4、6、8、10和12 h后,分别进样测定,噻吗洛尔杂质E峰面积随放置时间增加明显减少,噻吗洛尔峰和其他杂质峰面积未发生明显变化,提示供试品溶液和系统适用性溶液均应临用新制。
取各批次样品,按“2.2”项下方法配制供试品溶液,按“2.1.1”项下的色谱条件采用Agilent液相色谱仪测定,结果见表4
除“2.3”中涉及的已知杂质外,在马来酸噻吗洛尔降解试验及样品测定中还检出了另外6个未知杂质。采用“2.1”项下的色谱和质谱条件,正负离子切换扫描模式,根据一级质谱的母离子准确m/z和二级碎片m/z,结合裂解规律、主成分结构、生产工艺和相关文献,对未知杂质进行分析。各未知杂质的一二级质谱数据和推测的化学结构见表5。其中杂质1~3、5、6见于文献报道[19-16],部分母离子或碎片离子与文献一致。
未知杂质1的保留时间约为4.1 min,一级质谱在正负离子模式下母离子精确m/z分别为204.043 7和202.028 1,推测为4-(吗啉基-4-基)-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-(2-氢)-1-氧,为噻吗洛尔中的吗啉基噻二唑基团与叔丁氨基丙醇基团断裂后吗啉环上的氧化产物,二级碎片与文献报道一致[9]。BP 2021收载了该杂质并命名为噻吗洛尔杂质G,未进行单独控制[5]。正离子模式下二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图7
未知杂质2的保留时间约为6.2 min,一级质谱在正离子模式下母离子的精确m/z为291.148 5,推测为1-(1,1-二甲乙氨基)-3-{[4-(2-羟乙胺基)-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基]氧}-2-丙醇,为噻吗洛尔的吗啉环断裂产生的杂质,文献报道其为马来酸噻吗洛尔在酸性或光照条件下产生的降解杂质[10-11],亦为其代谢产物之一,口服后可在尿液中检出,β受体阻断活性约为马来酸噻吗洛尔的七分之一[1],正离子模式下的二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图8
未知杂质3的保留时间约为7.7 min,一级质谱在正离子模式下母离子精确m/z为347.138 2,推测为噻吗洛尔的吗啉环上发生氧化产生的杂质,有文献报道其为马来酸噻吗洛尔的代谢产物之一[16],正离子模式下二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图9
未知杂质4的保留时间约为12.9 min,一级质谱在正离子模式下母离子精确质荷比为301.169 3,推测为噻吗洛尔的失去1个醇羟基产生的杂质,正离子模式下二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图10
未知杂质5的保留时间约为21.7 min,一级质谱在正离子模式下母离子精确m/z为202.064 3,推测为4-(4-甲氧基-1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基)吗啉,由3-氯-4-吗啉基-1,3,5-噻二唑在叔丁醇基的作用下发生甲基化产生[14],正离子模式下二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图11
未知杂质6的保留时间约为30.6 min,一级质谱在正离子模式下母离子精确m/z为244.111 4,推测为3-吗啉基-4-(1,1-二甲基乙氨基)-1,2,5-噻二唑,由噻吗洛尔侧链断裂后与叔丁醇基结合产生,文献报道其为马来酸噻吗洛尔的工艺副产物之一[15],正离子模式下二级碎片与推测的裂解途径一致,见图12
马来酸噻吗洛尔的合成有2种方法,1种为合成消旋体再拆分,另1种是预先合成旋光性侧链,然后与主环缩合得到左旋体产物[7]。经前期调研,目前国内的生产企业均采用第2种,合成方法是以(S)-(-)-3叔丁胺基-1,2-丙二醇、苯甲醛和3-氯-4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑为起始原料,在叔丁醇钾存在下反应后,与马来酸成盐制得,原料杂质谱基本一致。除噻吗洛尔杂质F即起始物料3-氯-4-吗啉基-1,2,5-噻二唑外,现行国外药典控制的噻吗洛尔杂质B、D、E和C均为工艺杂质,可在选定条件下破坏产生。经与国外购买到的标准物质进行对比确认,破坏溶液可用于杂质识别和系统适用性的控制,方法学试验结果符合液相色谱法要求,各已知杂质在原料和制剂中均有不同程度的检出;其他未知杂质含量较小,仅通过UPLC-Q/Orbitrap的一二级质谱分析结果进行结构推测,后续如出现较大的未知杂质,可佐以其他手段进行进一步结构确证。
本文基于UPLC-Q/Orbitrap建立了可用于马来酸噻吗洛尔质量控制的有关物质检测方法,无需购买对照品,即可对目前国外药典控制的各已知杂质进行识别和测定。建立的方法可同时用于普通液相的紫外检测器和液质联用仪的质谱检测器,便于方法的推广和新出现杂质的鉴定,亦可应用于马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液的有关物质检查。
  • *广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2023406)
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-03-31
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  • 修回日期:2024-01-19
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*广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2023406)
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    广东省药品检验所 国家药品监督管理局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510525

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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