Article(id=1239148843103736054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.08, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705248000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773365706468, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1711814400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773365706468, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773365706468, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773365706468, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239148837584040649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='373', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773365705152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773367146269, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=434, endPage=441, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239148845905531282, articleId=1239148843103736054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Determination of 22 mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients by UHPLC-IM TOF MS*, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish a method for the determination of 22 mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IM TOF MS).

Methods:

The samples were separated on a Waters CORTECS® UPLC® C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm) column by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min-1 using 0.1% formic acid and a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (60:40) as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. MSe data acquisition mode was chosen and electrospray ion source operating in the positive/negative ionization mode for data acquisition was applied. The external standard method was used for quantification.

Results:

22 mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their respective ranges (r>0.998 5). The limits of detection were 0.1-2.0 μg·kg-1. The recoveries of 22 mycotoxins at three levels were in the range of 80.4%-118.2%,and the RSDs were 0.20%-8.8%. The matrix effect of 22 mycotoxins was not obvious. The method was applied to the detection of 32 batches of corn starch and 167 batches of dextrin. Aflatoxin B1,fumonisins B1 and B2,and zearalenone were detected in some batches.

Conclusion:

The method is accurate,efficient and stable. It can be used in quality control of mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients,and provides technical supports for the risk assessment of mycotoxins.

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目的:

建立超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法同时检测药用辅料中22种真菌毒素的分析方法。

方法:

采用Waters CORTECS® UPLC® C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈甲醇混合溶液(60:40)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.25 mL·min-1,柱温35 ℃。采用电喷雾离子源,MSe数据采集模式,正、负离子扫描模式,外标法定量。

结果:

22种真菌毒素在质量浓度为0.2~500 μg·L-1范围内,线性关系良好(r均大于0.998 5);检测限为0.1~2.0 μg·kg-1;平均回收率为80.4%~118.2%,RSD为0.20%~8.8%;22种真菌毒素的基质效应不明显。应用该方法检测了32批次玉米淀粉和167批次糊精,其中一些批次检出黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2和玉米赤霉烯酮。

结论:

该方法准确、高效和稳定,可为药用辅料中真菌毒素风险评估提供方法参考。

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Tel:(020)32447981;E-mail:

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Vol Ⅰ[S]. 2020:23, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239171026702103388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Codex Stan 193-2017 Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed[S]. 2007, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239171026785989470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881 /2006 of 19 December 2006 Setting Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs[S]. 2006, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239171022193226475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, awardId=2023TDZ04, language=CN, fundingSource=*广东省药品监督管理局科技创新项目(2023TDZ04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239171022272918254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, awardId=ZA20200025, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省药品检验所科研项目(ZA20200025), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239171014215659967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171014224048577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, companyId=1239171014215659967, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangdong Institute for Drug Control,Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients,SFDA,Guangzhou 510663,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171014236631492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, companyId=1239171014215659967, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东省药品检验所,国家药监局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510663)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239171021048181439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The MS spectra of [HT-2+HCOO]-(A) and [HT-2-H]-(B), figureFileSmall=KdWt7j/RyHyB2eja9aY48g==, figureFileBig=5Ts4guwqTz6xFgWXq1npsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171021157233345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=CN, label=图1 , caption=[HT-2+HCOO]-(A)和[HT-2-H]-(B)谱图, figureFileSmall=KdWt7j/RyHyB2eja9aY48g==, figureFileBig=5Ts4guwqTz6xFgWXq1npsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171021287256776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution of detected content of dextrin ZEN, figureFileSmall=3PmeqJ+W78O+mFXGiLeN7A==, figureFileBig=p3vxsZcMsk5cjwmXvIMHUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171021354365643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=CN, label=图2 , caption=糊精ZEN检出含量分布, figureFileSmall=3PmeqJ+W78O+mFXGiLeN7A==, figureFileBig=p3vxsZcMsk5cjwmXvIMHUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171021446640335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The chromatographic and mass spectral parameters of 22 mycotoxins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
电离方式
(ionization mode)
实测相对分子质量
(observed relative molecular mass)m/z
偏差
(mass error)/ ×10-6
AFB14.15+Na335.053 21.8
AFB23.99+Na337.069 12.6
AFG13.92+Na351.048 52.9
AFG23.76+Na353.063 92.2
OTA6.62-H402.075 10.2
OTB5.12-H368.114 20.7
OTC7.92-H430.105 6-1.7
FB14.11+H722.397 22.1
FB25.84+H706.400 4-0.6
FB34.86+H706.401 00.2
DON2.07+HCOO341.123 9-0.8
3-A-DON2.95+HCOO383.135 10.8
15-A-DON2.95+HCOO383.135 10.8
ZAN6.35-H319.155 20.3
ZEN6.45-H317.139 4-0.2
α-ZAL5.24-H321.170 6-0.4
β-ZAL4.39-H321.171 21.5
α-ZOL5.48-H319.154 8-0.9
β-ZOL4.55-H319.155 30.7
T-26.5+Na489.209 80.7
HT-24.44+HCOO469.208 30.8
ST7.13+H325.071 01.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021559886547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

22种真菌毒素的色谱质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
保留时间
(retention time)/min
电离方式
(ionization mode)
实测相对分子质量
(observed relative molecular mass)m/z
偏差
(mass error)/ ×10-6
AFB14.15+Na335.053 21.8
AFB23.99+Na337.069 12.6
AFG13.92+Na351.048 52.9
AFG23.76+Na353.063 92.2
OTA6.62-H402.075 10.2
OTB5.12-H368.114 20.7
OTC7.92-H430.105 6-1.7
FB14.11+H722.397 22.1
FB25.84+H706.400 4-0.6
FB34.86+H706.401 00.2
DON2.07+HCOO341.123 9-0.8
3-A-DON2.95+HCOO383.135 10.8
15-A-DON2.95+HCOO383.135 10.8
ZAN6.35-H319.155 20.3
ZEN6.45-H317.139 4-0.2
α-ZAL5.24-H321.170 6-0.4
β-ZAL4.39-H321.171 21.5
α-ZOL5.48-H319.154 8-0.9
β-ZOL4.55-H319.155 30.7
T-26.5+Na489.209 80.7
HT-24.44+HCOO469.208 30.8
ST7.13+H325.071 01.1
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021689909974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Regression equations,linear ranges,correlation coefficients and LODs of 22 mycotoxins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·L-1)
rLOD/(μg·kg-1)
AFB1 Y=283 448X+1 2500.2~200.999 70.1
AFB2 Y=116 251X+10 8370.5~500.999 70.2
AFG1 Y=218 668X-5 2620.2~201.000 00.1
AFG2 Y=86 460X-11 0220.5~500.999 50.2
FB1 Y=44 228X-52 9975~5000.999 62.0
FB2 Y=95 834X-145 1185~5000.999 52.0
FB3 Y=80 111X-80 6295~5000.999 02.0
OTA Y=313 480X+10 8350.2~200.999 50.1
OTB Y=535 236X-8 5170.2~200.999 30.1
OTC Y=9 091 202X-20 6070.2~200.998 60.1
ST Y=350 492X-35 9180.5~500.999 00.2
T-2 Y=18 774X+1 6780.5~500.999 80.2
HT-2 Y=2 292X+438.75~5000.999 62.0
DON Y=11 543X+29 8095~5000.999 32.0
3-A-DON Y=16 068X+10 1395~5000.999 62.0
15-A-DON Y=13 511X-782.55~5000.999 92.0
ZEN Y=148 905X-18 935.580.5~500.999 50.2
ZAN Y=185 489.45X+9 3580.5~500.999 70.2
α-ZOL Y=118 201X+28 9390.5~501.0000.5
β-ZOL Y=109 360X+48 9550.5~500.999 50.5
α-ZAL Y=188 131X+18 0470.5~500.999 50.2
β-ZAL Y=340 20X+1 4860.5~500.999 50.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021803156186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

22种真菌毒素线性回归方程、线性范围、相关系数、检测限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
回归方程
(regression equation)
线性范围
(linear range)/(μg·L-1)
rLOD/(μg·kg-1)
AFB1 Y=283 448X+1 2500.2~200.999 70.1
AFB2 Y=116 251X+10 8370.5~500.999 70.2
AFG1 Y=218 668X-5 2620.2~201.000 00.1
AFG2 Y=86 460X-11 0220.5~500.999 50.2
FB1 Y=44 228X-52 9975~5000.999 62.0
FB2 Y=95 834X-145 1185~5000.999 52.0
FB3 Y=80 111X-80 6295~5000.999 02.0
OTA Y=313 480X+10 8350.2~200.999 50.1
OTB Y=535 236X-8 5170.2~200.999 30.1
OTC Y=9 091 202X-20 6070.2~200.998 60.1
ST Y=350 492X-35 9180.5~500.999 00.2
T-2 Y=18 774X+1 6780.5~500.999 80.2
HT-2 Y=2 292X+438.75~5000.999 62.0
DON Y=11 543X+29 8095~5000.999 32.0
3-A-DON Y=16 068X+10 1395~5000.999 62.0
15-A-DON Y=13 511X-782.55~5000.999 92.0
ZEN Y=148 905X-18 935.580.5~500.999 50.2
ZAN Y=185 489.45X+9 3580.5~500.999 70.2
α-ZOL Y=118 201X+28 9390.5~501.0000.5
β-ZOL Y=109 360X+48 9550.5~500.999 50.5
α-ZAL Y=188 131X+18 0470.5~500.999 50.2
β-ZAL Y=340 20X+1 4860.5~500.999 50.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021899625185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Recovery of 22 mycotoxins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
添加浓度
(added concentration)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%成分
(component)
添加浓度
(added concentration)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
AFB1190.33.2T-22.5111.00.20
289.14.55109.52.0
1085.73.02584.25.3
AFB22.5113.01.9HT-22591.18.7
5106.77.350100.52.5
2591.16.4250106.23.0
AFG1185.13.3DON25118.25.6
287.42.550116.04.9
1088.36.425087.96.7
AFG22.581.21.33-A-DON2580.95.4
5102.67.95083.24.7
2586.62.925080.47.4
FB12594.44.215-A-DON2583.87.5
50102.48.85087.55.7
25085.67.225082.68.4
FB22585.32.0ZEN2.582.93.4
5094.22.1587.12.6
25091.94.72583.38.6
FB32589.54.7ZAN2.5109.56.4
50106.21.45102.64.0
25084.68.42581.37.1
OTA188.45.6α-ZOL2.584.02.7
288.72.5580.92.0
1095.67.12588.11.5
OTB184.48.0β-ZOL2.599.74.2
281.31.6585.15.3
1089.55.72583.74.5
OTC187.14.4α-ZAL2.587.87.5
292.25.1593.04.2
1096.81.72586.31.9
ST2.582.17.4β-ZAL2.586.53.0
596.24.2596.05.1
2587.82.02584.24.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239171022000288483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148843103736054, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

22种真菌毒素的加标回收结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
(component)
添加浓度
(added concentration)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%成分
(component)
添加浓度
(added concentration)/(μg·kg-1)
回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
AFB1190.33.2T-22.5111.00.20
289.14.55109.52.0
1085.73.02584.25.3
AFB22.5113.01.9HT-22591.18.7
5106.77.350100.52.5
2591.16.4250106.23.0
AFG1185.13.3DON25118.25.6
287.42.550116.04.9
1088.36.425087.96.7
AFG22.581.21.33-A-DON2580.95.4
5102.67.95083.24.7
2586.62.925080.47.4
FB12594.44.215-A-DON2583.87.5
50102.48.85087.55.7
25085.67.225082.68.4
FB22585.32.0ZEN2.582.93.4
5094.22.1587.12.6
25091.94.72583.38.6
FB32589.54.7ZAN2.5109.56.4
50106.21.45102.64.0
25084.68.42581.37.1
OTA188.45.6α-ZOL2.584.02.7
288.72.5580.92.0
1095.67.12588.11.5
OTB184.48.0β-ZOL2.599.74.2
281.31.6585.15.3
1089.55.72583.74.5
OTC187.14.4α-ZAL2.587.87.5
292.25.1593.04.2
1096.81.72586.31.9
ST2.582.17.4β-ZAL2.586.53.0
596.24.2596.05.1
2587.82.02584.24.2
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超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法测定辅料中22种真菌毒素*
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胡佳哲 , 刘亚雄 , 赖宇红 , 叶秀金 , 王淼 , 杨志业
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(3): 434-441
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(3): 434-441
超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法测定辅料中22种真菌毒素*
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胡佳哲 , 刘亚雄, 赖宇红, 叶秀金, 王淼, 杨志业
作者信息
  • 广东省药品检验所,国家药监局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510663
  • Tel:(020)32447981;E-mail:

Determination of 22 mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients by UHPLC-IM TOF MS*
Jia-zhe HU , Ya-xiong LIU, Yu-hong LAI, Xiu-jin YE, Miao WANG, Zhi-ye YANG
Affiliations
  • Guangdong Institute for Drug Control,Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients,SFDA,Guangzhou 510663,China
出版时间: 2024-03-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.08
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目的:

建立超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法同时检测药用辅料中22种真菌毒素的分析方法。

方法:

采用Waters CORTECS® UPLC® C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈甲醇混合溶液(60:40)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.25 mL·min-1,柱温35 ℃。采用电喷雾离子源,MSe数据采集模式,正、负离子扫描模式,外标法定量。

结果:

22种真菌毒素在质量浓度为0.2~500 μg·L-1范围内,线性关系良好(r均大于0.998 5);检测限为0.1~2.0 μg·kg-1;平均回收率为80.4%~118.2%,RSD为0.20%~8.8%;22种真菌毒素的基质效应不明显。应用该方法检测了32批次玉米淀粉和167批次糊精,其中一些批次检出黄曲霉毒素B1、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2和玉米赤霉烯酮。

结论:

该方法准确、高效和稳定,可为药用辅料中真菌毒素风险评估提供方法参考。

药用辅料  /  真菌毒素  /  糊精  /  玉米淀粉  /  玉米赤霉烯酮  /  伏马毒素  /  黄曲霉毒素  /  超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱  /  有毒有害污染物
Objective:

To establish a method for the determination of 22 mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IM TOF MS).

Methods:

The samples were separated on a Waters CORTECS® UPLC® C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm) column by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min-1 using 0.1% formic acid and a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (60:40) as the mobile phase. The column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. MSe data acquisition mode was chosen and electrospray ion source operating in the positive/negative ionization mode for data acquisition was applied. The external standard method was used for quantification.

Results:

22 mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their respective ranges (r>0.998 5). The limits of detection were 0.1-2.0 μg·kg-1. The recoveries of 22 mycotoxins at three levels were in the range of 80.4%-118.2%,and the RSDs were 0.20%-8.8%. The matrix effect of 22 mycotoxins was not obvious. The method was applied to the detection of 32 batches of corn starch and 167 batches of dextrin. Aflatoxin B1,fumonisins B1 and B2,and zearalenone were detected in some batches.

Conclusion:

The method is accurate,efficient and stable. It can be used in quality control of mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients,and provides technical supports for the risk assessment of mycotoxins.

pharmaceutical excipients  /  mycotoxin  /  dextrin  /  corn starch  /  zearalenone  /  fumonisin  /  aflatoxin  /  UHPLC-IM TOF MS  /  toxic and harmful pollutants
胡佳哲, 刘亚雄, 赖宇红, 叶秀金, 王淼, 杨志业. 超高效液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法测定辅料中22种真菌毒素*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 434 -441 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.08
Jia-zhe HU, Ya-xiong LIU, Yu-hong LAI, Xiu-jin YE, Miao WANG, Zhi-ye YANG. Determination of 22 mycotoxins in pharmaceutical excipients by UHPLC-IM TOF MS*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (3) : 434 -441 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.08
药用辅料作为药物制剂的重要组成部分,在药品制剂中的成分占比最高,有些可以达到90%以上,对确保药品安全有效具有重要的作用。药用辅料中有很大一类是以粮油类为原料制成的辅料,比如淀粉、糊精、大豆油等,粮油中真菌毒素的污染状况十分严重[1-2],在食品中已有相应的标准和限量[3-4],但在药用辅料中尚无相关报道。自然环境下,粮油作物如玉米、小麦、油菜籽、花生等,在种植后生长、收获的过程中,很容易被产毒真菌污染,气候、种植方式、贮藏条件等均能影响真菌毒素的产生[5]。被污染的谷物,在储藏、加工、运输等过程通过食物链各个环节传递,最终危害人类健康[6]。目前,《中华人民共和国药典》(简称《中国药典》)尚未收载药用辅料中真菌毒素分析方法及限量标准。
液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS)是最常见的分析多种真菌毒素的检测方法[7-11],三重四极杆-串联质谱法(QqQ-MS)是真菌毒素检测工作法定的标准方法,电喷雾多反应监测模式能实现同步定量和定性,灵敏度高,选择性强,目前应用较多。而低分辨质谱通常较适用于少量目标化合物的分析,近年来,全扫描技术的发展弥补了低分辨质谱的劣势,高分辨质谱(HRMS),如TOF-MS和Orbitrap-MS利用全扫描模式获得高灵敏度,高分辨率,高质量数精确度(<5×10-6),已被成为真菌毒素多组分分析的利器[12-14],已大量应用于DON毒素及其修饰型毒素、ZEN毒素及其修饰型毒素、HT-2毒素的检测。采用高效的T-Wave离子淌度分离技术,增加了分离维度,可提供更详细的信息,显著提高了分析的峰容量、灵敏度和特异性[15-16]。因此,本文以药用辅料为研究对象,采用超高效液相-离子淌度飞行时间质谱法检测22种真菌毒素,为药品中真菌毒素多组分分析提供参考。
SYNAPT G2-Si HDMS离子淌度-飞行时间质谱仪(Waters公司);2D Acquity UPLC H-Calss二维超高液相色谱仪(Waters公司);Talbous涡旋混合器(Talboys公司);64R高速低温离心机(BECKMAN COULTER公司);MS204S万分之一电子天平仪(Mettler Toledo公司);KQ-500DE数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);A10纯水仪(Millipore公司)。
对照品黄曲霉毒素G1(aflatoxin G1,AFG1,批号1I0D26)、黄曲霉毒素G2(aflatoxin G2,AFG2,批号2J0A15)、黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1,批号2J0A07)、黄曲霉毒素B2(aflatoxin B2,AFB2,批号1I0H30)、伏马毒素B1(fumonisin B1,FB1,批号1I1B27)、伏马毒素B2(fumonisin B2,FB2,批号1I0G05)、伏马毒素B3(fumonisin B3,FB3,批号1I0I25)、赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA,批号2J0A07)、赭曲霉毒素B(ochratoxin B,OTB,批号1G0C25)、赭曲霉毒素C(ochratoxin C,OTC,批号1l0H16)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON,批号2J0B05)、3-乙酰-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol,3-A-DON,批号1G1A24)、15-乙酰-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol,15-A-DON,批号1G0A17)、玉米赤霉酮(zearalanone,ZAN,批号2J0A12)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN,批号1I0I16)、α-玉米赤霉醇(α-zearalanol,α-ZAL,批号1I0I09)、β-玉米赤霉醇(β-zearalanol,β-ZAL,批号1I0D17)、α-玉米赤霉烯醇(α-zearalenol,α-ZOL,批号1I0D25)、T-2毒素(T-2 toxin,T-2,批号1I0G09)、HT-2毒素(HT-2 toxin,HT-2,批号1I1J17)、杂色曲霉毒素(sterigmatocystin,ST,批号1I0C15),纯度均大于99%,Pribolab公司;甲醇、乙腈,色谱纯,Honeywell公司;甲酸,色谱纯,麦克林公司;胺丙基键合硅胶(-NH2)、硅胶,Agela Technologies公司;辅料,国抽和省抽样品。
采用Waters CORTECS® UPLC® C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6 μm)色谱柱;以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈甲醇混合溶液(60:40)(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~1.0 min,10%B;1.0~2.0 min,10%B→25%B;2.0~2.5 min,25%B→40%B;2.5~4.5 min,40%B→50%B;4.5~7.0 min,50%B;7.0~9.0 min,50%B→80%B;9.0~9.1 min,80%B→95%B;9.1~11.0 min,95%B;11.0~11.1 min,95%B→10%B;11.1~13.0 min,10%B),流速0.25 mL · min-1,柱温35 ℃,进样量1μL。
采用电喷雾离子源,采用LockSpray模式进行质量校正,数据采集:MSE,离子化模式为正、负离子模式,扫描范围:m/z 50~1 200,扫描时间:0.2 s,High Energy CE:15~50 V,Analyser Mode:Sensitivity,毛细管电压:2.50 kV,锥孔电压:40 V,离子源温度:120 ℃,脱溶剂温度:450 ℃,锥体气流速:50 L·h-1,脱溶剂气体流速:800 L·h-1,雾化器气流:0.65 MPa,各成分的电离方式、实测相对分子质量、偏差等参数见表1
精密称取22种真菌毒素对照品适量置于10 mL量瓶中,用甲醇溶解并定容,配制成质量浓度均为100 μg·mL-1的对照品储备溶液,再分别吸取上述各对照品储备溶液,用初始流动相稀释成系列混合对照品溶液,其中AFB1、AFG1、OTA、OTB、OTC的系列浓度为0.2、0.4、1、2、5、10、20 μg·L-1,AFB2、AFG2、ST、T-2、ZEN、ZAN、α-ZOL、β-ZOL、α-ZAL、β-ZAL的系列浓度为0.5、1、2.5、5、12.5、25、50 μg·L-1,FB1、FB2、FB3、HT-2、DON、3-A-DON、15-A-DON的系列浓度为5、10、25、50、125、250、500 μg·L-1
精密称取2 g(精确到0.01 g)样品粉末置于50 mL离心管中,加入乙腈-甲醇-水(3:2:5,含2%甲酸)10 mL,涡旋混匀2 min,超声提取20 min,然后在4 ℃、8 000 r·min-1离心5 min。吸取上清液2 mL置于含净化材料(硅胶0.15 g,NH2 0.05 g)的2 mL离心管中,剧烈振摇,在4 ℃、16 000 r·min-1离心5 min,上清液经0.22 μm的有机微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
按照“2.2.1”项下配制22种真菌毒素的系列混合标准溶液,以“2.1”项下条件检测,以目标化合物的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标,以对应的质量浓度(X,μg·L-1)为横坐标,绘制标准工作曲线。根据3倍信噪比(S/N≥3)确定方法检测限(LOD)。结果得22种真菌毒素的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.998 5,LOD为0.1~2.0 μg·kg-1。22种真菌毒素的线性回归方程、线性范围、相关系数、检出限结果见表2
选取未检出目标真菌毒素的样品,按照“2.2.2”项方法制备阴性基质溶液和初始流动相溶液,按照“2.2.1”项方法分别用上述2种溶液制备系列浓度对照品溶液上机检测,结果表明,22种真菌毒素的斜率比值均在80%~120%范围内,说明辅料样品用该方法检测的基质效应不明显。
精密称取未检出目标真菌毒素的阴性样品2 g,加入适量的混合对照品溶液,配制成低、中、高3个不同浓度水平,每个浓度水平分别进行6次平行实验,按照“2.2.2”项下方法操作并上机检测。加标回收试验的平均回收率结果及RSD如表3所示,22种真菌毒素的回收率在80.4%~118.2%,RSD在0.2%~8.8%。
取AFB1、AFG1、OTA、OTB、OTC浓度为1μg·L-1、AFB2、AFG2、ST、T-2、ZEN、ZAN、α-ZOL、β-ZOL、α-ZAL、β-ZAL浓度为2.5 μg·L-1、FB1、FB2、FB3、HT-2、DON、3-A-DON、15-A-DON浓度为25 μg·L-1的混合对照品溶液,按照“2.1”项下条件连续进样6次,22种真菌毒素峰面积的RSD均小于5.0%,表明仪器精密度良好。
按“2.2.2”项下方法制成阴性基质溶液,添加AFB1、AFG1、OTA、OTB、OTC浓度为1 μg·L-1、AFB2、AFG2、ST、T-2、ZEN、ZAN、α-ZOL、β-ZOL、α-ZAL、β-ZAL浓度为2.5 μg·L-1、FB1、FB2、FB3、HT-2、DON、3-A-DON、15-A-DON浓度为25 μg·L-1的混合对照品溶液,于0、2、4、8、16、24、36、48 h进样,计算各成分峰面积的RSD,结果22种真菌毒素的峰面积在48 h内RSD均小于9.4%,表明22种真菌毒素在48 h内的稳定性良好。
用所建立的方法,分别对22批玉米淀粉和167批糊精(玉米淀粉来源)样品进行检测。其中22批玉米淀粉中有8批检出AFB1,含量在1.1~6.3 μg·kg-1;有4批检出FB1,含量在13.1~24.0 μg·kg-1;有10批检出FB2,含量在15.6~47.8 μg·kg-1;有26批检出ZEN,含量在6.5~136 μg·kg-1。167批糊精中有166批检出ZEN,含量在3.0~750 μg·kg-1。其他毒素均未检出。
在ESI电离源下,正离子模式有些毒素加质子离子信号较弱,而结合金属离子信号较强,比如[AFB1+H]+响应为1 824,而[AFB1+Na]+响应为73 603;[AFB2+H]+响应为1 302,而[AFB2+Na]+响应为24 757;[AFG1+Na]+和[AFG2+Na]+响应依次为58 495和64 087,而他们的+H信号检测不到;[T-2+H]+响应为3 832,而[T-2+Na]+响应为115 504;负离子模式有些毒素-H信号较弱,+HCOO信号较强,比如[DON-H]-响应为1 268,而[DON+HCOO]-响应为83 079;[3-A-DON+HCOO]-和[15-A-DON+HCOO]-响应为76 416,而他们的-H信号检测不到;[HT-2+HCOO]-响应为306 002,而-H信号检测不到,典型图谱如图1
目前我国尚无药用辅料真菌毒素限量标准,参照中国食品标准、《中国药典》中药标准和国外标准,《GB 2761-2017食品安全国家标准 食品中真菌毒素限量》[17]中规定玉米制品中AFB1限量为20 μg·kg-1,《中国药典》(2020年版)[18]规定远志、大枣、肉豆蔻、决明子、麦芽等药材中AFB1限量为5 μg·kg-1,检测的玉米淀粉AFB1含量在1.1~6.3 μg·kg-1,有1批在5~20 μg·kg-1范围内。国际食品法典委员会(CAC)规定玉米粉和玉米面中伏马毒素限量为2 000 μg·kg-1[19],欧盟规定玉米粉、玉米面、玉米粒等伏马毒素限量为1 000 μg·kg-1[20],我们检测的FB1含量在13.1~24.0 μg·kg-1、FB2在15.6~47.8 μg·kg-1,远低于标准规定。《GB 2761-2017食品安全国家标准 食品中真菌毒素限量》中规定玉米、玉米面(渣、片)中ZEN限量为60 μg·kg-1,欧盟规定粒径≤500 μm的玉米粉及其他不直接供人类食用的粒径小于等于500 μm的玉米研磨制品的ZEN限量值为300 μg·kg-1,《中国药典》(2020年版)规定薏苡仁ZEN不得过500 μg·kg-1,我们检测的糊精中ZEN含量在3.0~750 μg·kg-1,根据上述不同限量值,我们划分几个含量范围,具体见图2,辅料中ZEN的污染情况需要持续监测。
本实验建立了超高液相色谱-离子淌度飞行时间质谱检测药用辅料中22种真菌毒素的定性定量方法,该方法具有高灵敏度、高精确性、高精密度、高准确性、操作简便的特点,可用于药用辅料中多种真菌毒素污染监测及风险评估分析,为相关研究人员提供参考,为限量标准制定提供数据支撑。
  • *广东省药品监督管理局科技创新项目(2023TDZ04)
  • 广东省药品检验所科研项目(ZA20200025)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.08
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-03-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
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*广东省药品监督管理局科技创新项目(2023TDZ04)
广东省药品检验所科研项目(ZA20200025)
作者信息
    广东省药品检验所,国家药监局药用辅料质量控制与评价重点实验室,广州 510663
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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