Article(id=1239148841828676336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680796800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773365706164, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1711814400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773365706164, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773365706164, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773365706164, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239148837584040649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='373', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773365705152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773367146269, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=482, endPage=492, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239148842499764985, articleId=1239148841828676336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Study on geo-authenticity and risk assessment of heavy metal and harmful elements in Jasmine*, columnId=1206272757852074373, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Safety Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To study the correlation between heavy metal and harmful elements of Jasmine and the geo-authenticity,and to evaluate the risk.

Methods:

The content difference of heavy metal elements in 43 batches of Jasmine from different production areas was determined by ICP-MS,and cluster analysis was carried out to study the correlation between the content of each element in Jasmine and the geo-authenticity. The dissolution rate of each element after decocting in water was determined,the symbolic elements that might affect the contents of heavy metal and harmful elements was screened,and risk assessment was performed.

Results:

The copolymerization of 43 batches of jasmine from different producing areas was divided into 2 types. The contents of heavy metals in powder and dry paste of Jasmine from different producing areas declined in the order of Cu,Cd,Pb ,As and Hg,and the content of Cu in powder and dry paste was higher than other elements. The dissolution rates of heavy metal and harmful elements declined in the order of As,Pb,Hg,Cu and Cd,and Pb,Cd and As were the representative elements that might affect the content of heavy metal and harmful elements in Jasmine. Risk assessment showed that MOEPb<1 existed in samples from Hengzhou Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi Province (batch number:20200810) and Quanzhou City,Fujian Province (batch number:20230705),and the hazard index and exposure limit values in other producing areas were in line with the limit standards.

Conclusion:

This paper provides scientific basis for selection of planting area,artificial breeding and formulation of heavy metal and harmful limit standard.

, correspAuthors=Guo-yi WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-jun HUANG, Gang FANG, Guo-yi WU, Gang DENG, Shao-dong LIANG, Yan-yun LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239148845402223410, articleId=1239148841828676336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=茉莉花重金属及有害元素的道地性研究及风险评估*, columnId=1206272758036623764, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=安全监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

研究茉莉花重金属元素与道地性的相关性,并进行风险评估。

方法:

采用ICP-MS测定不同产区43批茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的差异,进行聚类分析,研究茉莉花中各元素含量与道地性的相关性及水煎后各元素的溶出率,筛选可能影响重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素,并进行风险评估。

结果:

不同产区43批茉莉花共聚为2类,不同产区茉莉花粉末和干膏中各重金属及有害元素含量大小均为Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg,粉末和干膏中Cu元素含量均大于其他元素;煎煮后各重金属及有害元素的溶出率大小为As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cd与As是可能影响茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素;风险评估显示广西横州市横州镇(批号20200810)与福建省泉州市(批号20230705)MOEPb<1,存在一定暴露风险,其余产区危害指数和暴露限值均符合限值标准。

结论:

本文为种植区选择、人工育种、制定重金属及有害限量标准等方面提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=伍国怡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(779)2230575;E-mail:
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Tel:(771)3922715;E-mail:

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areas, figureFileSmall=SF2otcM5hxQzqT7qkod9tw==, figureFileBig=VWICrNpoGp15XS2Qiz94GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018405769863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=图4 , caption=不同产区茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量VIP图, figureFileSmall=SF2otcM5hxQzqT7qkod9tw==, figureFileBig=VWICrNpoGp15XS2Qiz94GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171018506433162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Jasmine sample information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
产区
(producing area)
批号/采收日期
(lot No./date of collection)
编号
(No.)
产区
(producing area)
批号/采收日期
(lot No./date of collection)
1广西横州市横州镇(Hengzhou Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081023安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230420
2广西横州市马岭镇(Maling Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020082024安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230801
3广西横州市校椅镇(Xiaoyi Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081325安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230710
4广西横州市云表镇(Yunbiao Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081026安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230613
5广西横州市那阳镇(Nayang Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020082027安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230722
6广西横州市(Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2023070328四川省(Sichuan)20230715
7广西南宁市(Nanning City,Guangxi)21090129四川省(Sichuan)20230712
8广西南宁市(Nanning City,Guangxi)22100130四川省雅安市(Ya’an City,Sichuan)20200813
9广东省(Guangdong)210900131四川省乐山市(Leshan City,Sichuan)210601
10广东省(Guangdong)23061701132四川省广汉市(Guanghan City,Sichuan)20200731
11广东省广州市(Guangzhou City,Guangdong)2023071533四川省雅安市(Ya’an City,Sichuan)20230615
12广东省惠州市(Huizhou City,Guangdong)2022071034福建省(Fujian)Z2112002
13江苏省(Jiangsu Province)22020135福建省泉州市(Quanzhou City,Fujian)20230705
14江苏省(Jiangsu)23030136福建省泉州市(Quanzhou City,Fujian)20230315
15江苏省(Jiangsu)22100137福建省厦门市(Xiamen City,Fujian)20221201
16江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu)2023062038云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230728
17江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province)2023070839云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230411
18江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province)2023071740云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230614
19安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)202112068641河北省保定市(Baoding City,Hebei)20230701
20安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)2023072942河北省保定市(Baoding City,Hebei)20230718
21安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)2023071043吉林·延边朝鲜族自治州(Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,Jilin)20220303
22安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)20230610
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018598707855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

茉莉花样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号
(No.)
产区
(producing area)
批号/采收日期
(lot No./date of collection)
编号
(No.)
产区
(producing area)
批号/采收日期
(lot No./date of collection)
1广西横州市横州镇(Hengzhou Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081023安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230420
2广西横州市马岭镇(Maling Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020082024安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230801
3广西横州市校椅镇(Xiaoyi Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081325安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230710
4广西横州市云表镇(Yunbiao Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020081026安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230613
5广西横州市那阳镇(Nayang Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2020082027安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui)20230722
6广西横州市(Hengzhou City,Guangxi)2023070328四川省(Sichuan)20230715
7广西南宁市(Nanning City,Guangxi)21090129四川省(Sichuan)20230712
8广西南宁市(Nanning City,Guangxi)22100130四川省雅安市(Ya’an City,Sichuan)20200813
9广东省(Guangdong)210900131四川省乐山市(Leshan City,Sichuan)210601
10广东省(Guangdong)23061701132四川省广汉市(Guanghan City,Sichuan)20200731
11广东省广州市(Guangzhou City,Guangdong)2023071533四川省雅安市(Ya’an City,Sichuan)20230615
12广东省惠州市(Huizhou City,Guangdong)2022071034福建省(Fujian)Z2112002
13江苏省(Jiangsu Province)22020135福建省泉州市(Quanzhou City,Fujian)20230705
14江苏省(Jiangsu)23030136福建省泉州市(Quanzhou City,Fujian)20230315
15江苏省(Jiangsu)22100137福建省厦门市(Xiamen City,Fujian)20221201
16江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu)2023062038云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230728
17江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province)2023070839云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230411
18江苏省盐城市(Yancheng City,Jiangsu Province)2023071740云南省昆明市(Kunming City,Yunnan)20230614
19安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)202112068641河北省保定市(Baoding City,Hebei)20230701
20安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)2023072942河北省保定市(Baoding City,Hebei)20230718
21安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)2023071043吉林·延边朝鲜族自治州(Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,Jilin)20220303
22安徽省亳州市(Bozhou City,Anhui Province)20230610
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018674205330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Method validation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r检测限
(detection limit)/(mg·kg-1
线性范围
(linear range)/(ng·mL-1
As Y=347X+1001.0000.0050~20
Cd Y=842X+8.891.0000.0010~20
Pb Y=1.88×10-3X+9.95×10-41.0000.0020~20
Cu Y=1.98×102X+3.13×1020.999 90.0060~500
Hg Y=3.76×10-4X+2.76×10-50.999 20.0010~5
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018850366105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

元素方法学考察

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
回归方程
(regression equation)
r检测限
(detection limit)/(mg·kg-1
线性范围
(linear range)/(ng·mL-1
As Y=347X+1001.0000.0050~20
Cd Y=842X+8.891.0000.0010~20
Pb Y=1.88×10-3X+9.95×10-41.0000.0020~20
Cu Y=1.98×102X+3.13×1020.999 90.0060~500
Hg Y=3.76×10-4X+2.76×10-50.999 20.0010~5
), ArticleFig(id=1239171018980389535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Determination of heavy metal and harmful elements in powder and dry paste

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
AsPbCuHg
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
10.162 70.242 10.893 61.380 610.439 19.917 30.002 70.003 2
20.106 20.246 90.144 80.223 76.839 27.047 50.004 10.004 3
30.116 80.252 10.099 60.199 37.728 710.0650.000 40
40.114 60.214 30.135 80.195 27.590 47.738 300
50.115 90.172 40.102 20.179 98.967 94.4970.003 20.001 5
60.092 80.0740.141 60.079 95.771 22.248 40.013 60.008 1
70.092 70.2110.0660.0577.547 37.472 20.0080.008 1
80.067 40.051 90.0680.049 96.551 32.528 10.007 20.001 3
90.115 60.161 90.140 30.120 87.376 83.667 20.000 90.000 5
100.071 70.077 50.082 20.066 65.557 23.519 90.008 90
110.089 10.119 70.118 50.132 55.632 43.093 800
120.081 80.151 40.197 40.165 85.831 93.345 800
130.068 90.148 20.0850.157 56.318 84.235 300
140.098 20.1140.175 40.135 65.902 22.922 90.008 60.006 9
150.095 90.1680.1320.138 46.195 73.890 100
160.090 30.1320.582 20.417 45.973 33.066 20.016 40.008 8
170.093 60.146 10.0930.075 85.980 22.438 30.007 50
180.128 20.176 70.1540.159 45.965 83.6240.001 30
190.088 80.181 30.099 50.126 77.112 24.687 900
200.068 90.0770.083 80.087 26.0763.660 600
210.105 80.145 50.143 50.143 36.241 93.115 400
220.075 30.097 40.1840.189 26.933 94.726 70.0060
230.073 20.068 20.095 30.062 95.634 71.8340.015 80.006 8
240.072 50.0740.132 30.1545.446 91.940 100
250.108 20.1440.097 30.090 76.569 24.121 30.046 90.019 5
260.105 40.086 40.044 90.029 85.737 32.547 200
270.104 80.0740.128 40.083 35.807 41.704 500
280.072 10.102 70.155 30.129 65.636 32.582 70.005 80.001 5
290.083 90.067 90.168 30.096 85.837 22.142 80.036 30.011 4
300.100 40.177 50.1150.161 97.117 83.967 300
310.112 60.171 50.102 60.116 814.4397.681 70.0060.006 7
320.077 70.090 70.123 70.121 95.5362.320 600
330.092 40.099 90.117 20.077 75.736 22.729 90.019 80.006 9
340.080 70.068 30.145 10.113 15.812 72.135 50.004 10
350.098 80.081 90.739 90.309 15.523 42.231 900
360.098 50.087 20.121 80.120 35.8931.792 60.206 50.047
370.106 90.076 80.089 80.062 25.659 51.9990.004 40
380.089 50.098 70.207 60.149 96.149 42.57300
390.104 40.092 20.075 20.053 86.121 71.911 40.0070.000 8
400.078 40.070 30.101 10.051 77.406 42.050 50.014 10.006 7
410.072 50.144 40.132 10.147 27.329 34.774 90.004 90.004 1
420.0740.113 40.139 80.135 99.024 13.421 50.084 30.045 1
430.089 20.185 40.102 80.130 16.989 84.807 70.002 10.000 9
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019110412966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粉末和干膏中重金属及有害元素的含量测定结果(mg·kg-1n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
AsPbCuHg
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
粉末
(powder)
干膏
(dry paste)
10.162 70.242 10.893 61.380 610.439 19.917 30.002 70.003 2
20.106 20.246 90.144 80.223 76.839 27.047 50.004 10.004 3
30.116 80.252 10.099 60.199 37.728 710.0650.000 40
40.114 60.214 30.135 80.195 27.590 47.738 300
50.115 90.172 40.102 20.179 98.967 94.4970.003 20.001 5
60.092 80.0740.141 60.079 95.771 22.248 40.013 60.008 1
70.092 70.2110.0660.0577.547 37.472 20.0080.008 1
80.067 40.051 90.0680.049 96.551 32.528 10.007 20.001 3
90.115 60.161 90.140 30.120 87.376 83.667 20.000 90.000 5
100.071 70.077 50.082 20.066 65.557 23.519 90.008 90
110.089 10.119 70.118 50.132 55.632 43.093 800
120.081 80.151 40.197 40.165 85.831 93.345 800
130.068 90.148 20.0850.157 56.318 84.235 300
140.098 20.1140.175 40.135 65.902 22.922 90.008 60.006 9
150.095 90.1680.1320.138 46.195 73.890 100
160.090 30.1320.582 20.417 45.973 33.066 20.016 40.008 8
170.093 60.146 10.0930.075 85.980 22.438 30.007 50
180.128 20.176 70.1540.159 45.965 83.6240.001 30
190.088 80.181 30.099 50.126 77.112 24.687 900
200.068 90.0770.083 80.087 26.0763.660 600
210.105 80.145 50.143 50.143 36.241 93.115 400
220.075 30.097 40.1840.189 26.933 94.726 70.0060
230.073 20.068 20.095 30.062 95.634 71.8340.015 80.006 8
240.072 50.0740.132 30.1545.446 91.940 100
250.108 20.1440.097 30.090 76.569 24.121 30.046 90.019 5
260.105 40.086 40.044 90.029 85.737 32.547 200
270.104 80.0740.128 40.083 35.807 41.704 500
280.072 10.102 70.155 30.129 65.636 32.582 70.005 80.001 5
290.083 90.067 90.168 30.096 85.837 22.142 80.036 30.011 4
300.100 40.177 50.1150.161 97.117 83.967 300
310.112 60.171 50.102 60.116 814.4397.681 70.0060.006 7
320.077 70.090 70.123 70.121 95.5362.320 600
330.092 40.099 90.117 20.077 75.736 22.729 90.019 80.006 9
340.080 70.068 30.145 10.113 15.812 72.135 50.004 10
350.098 80.081 90.739 90.309 15.523 42.231 900
360.098 50.087 20.121 80.120 35.8931.792 60.206 50.047
370.106 90.076 80.089 80.062 25.659 51.9990.004 40
380.089 50.098 70.207 60.149 96.149 42.57300
390.104 40.092 20.075 20.053 86.121 71.911 40.0070.000 8
400.078 40.070 30.101 10.051 77.406 42.050 50.014 10.006 7
410.072 50.144 40.132 10.147 27.329 34.774 90.004 90.004 1
420.0740.113 40.139 80.135 99.024 13.421 50.084 30.045 1
430.089 20.185 40.102 80.130 16.989 84.807 70.002 10.000 9
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019206881964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Dissolution rate of heavy metal and harmful elements in decoction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
AsCdPbCuHg样品编号
(No.)
AsCdPbCuHg
145.3216.2947.0728.9435.312341.0612.0428.9214.2718.71
263.9726.5142.5328.3728.442449.0215.9155.8717.090
368.9818.4163.9641.6302549.711.8934.8523.4415.56
456.9512.7743.7531.0402655.2731.4744.5929.910
546.5818.0455.1115.7114.792752.1320.7847.9721.680
654.3221.5738.0426.2640.462863.0117.4236.9120.2611.19
767.9414.7125.8229.5729.982953.7522.9637.7424.0820.58
853.9811.5150.7426.6413.683060.9721.8348.5719.230
949.6617.3230.5617.6419.833158.2819.8543.6120.3743.02
1051.9125.9938.6630.1903257.3717.8648.5120.630
1158.9719.8749.0624.1103353.1621.0732.1523.116.9
1268.5818.7731.1321.2503456.9521.5952.4624.750
1367.1819.157.9320.9403552.8221.6926.5325.660
1449.891433.1821.2534.313648.3918.6353.9416.6212.48
1546.8110.827.9716.7503742.1122.5440.5620.710
1653.099.525.7918.4621.113856.8121.7337.5921.790
1759.714.8431.2115.5903954.8217.8844.1619.217.24
1842.179.1131.6918.5704054.7720.7930.9416.7529.88
1957.7818.7336.0518.6604148.978.1127.3515.9720.95
2046.5215.6442.7924.7804250.6817.6732.1412.5317.68
2137.9611.2427.5113.730435216.6431.6617.210.71
2235.6710.6528.3418.790均值(mean)53.417.5839.4421.7222.04
), ArticleFig(id=1239171019315933874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

汤液中重金属及有害溶出率(%,n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
AsCdPbCuHg样品编号
(No.)
AsCdPbCuHg
145.3216.2947.0728.9435.312341.0612.0428.9214.2718.71
263.9726.5142.5328.3728.442449.0215.9155.8717.090
368.9818.4163.9641.6302549.711.8934.8523.4415.56
456.9512.7743.7531.0402655.2731.4744.5929.910
546.5818.0455.1115.7114.792752.1320.7847.9721.680
654.3221.5738.0426.2640.462863.0117.4236.9120.2611.19
767.9414.7125.8229.5729.982953.7522.9637.7424.0820.58
853.9811.5150.7426.6413.683060.9721.8348.5719.230
949.6617.3230.5617.6419.833158.2819.8543.6120.3743.02
1051.9125.9938.6630.1903257.3717.8648.5120.630
1158.9719.8749.0624.1103353.1621.0732.1523.116.9
1268.5818.7731.1321.2503456.9521.5952.4624.750
1367.1819.157.9320.9403552.8221.6926.5325.660
1449.891433.1821.2534.313648.3918.6353.9416.6212.48
1546.8110.827.9716.7503742.1122.5440.5620.710
1653.099.525.7918.4621.113856.8121.7337.5921.790
1759.714.8431.2115.5903954.8217.8844.1619.217.24
1842.179.1131.6918.5704054.7720.7930.9416.7529.88
1957.7818.7336.0518.6604148.978.1127.3515.9720.95
2046.5215.6442.7924.7804250.6817.6732.1412.5317.68
2137.9611.2427.5113.730435216.6431.6617.210.71
2235.6710.6528.3418.790均值(mean)53.417.5839.4421.7222.04
), ArticleFig(id=1239171020788134583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Content analysis of heavy metal and harmful elements in powder and dry paste

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
质量分数(mass fraction)/(mg·kg-1)
As CdPbCuHg
粉末(powder)0.09±0.020.42±0.070.16±0.176.7±2.240.01±0.03
干膏(dry paste)0.13±0.050.18±0.080.16±0.23.79±2.10±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1239171020918158010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

粉末和干膏重金属及有害元素含量分析(,n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
(sample)
质量分数(mass fraction)/(mg·kg-1)
As CdPbCuHg
粉末(powder)0.09±0.020.42±0.070.16±0.176.7±2.240.01±0.03
干膏(dry paste)0.13±0.050.18±0.080.16±0.23.79±2.10±0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021048181438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Variance analysis of heavy metal and harmful elements leaching rate in dry paste

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
个案数
(number of cases)
溶出率
(dissolution rate)/%
F P
As4353.4±7.85183.066<0.001
Cd4317.58±5.01
Pb4339.44±10.07
Cu4321.72±5.73
Hg4322.04±7
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021165621954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

干膏中重金属及有害元素溶出率方差分析(x+s,n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
个案数
(number of cases)
溶出率
(dissolution rate)/%
F P
As4353.4±7.85183.066<0.001
Cd4317.58±5.01
Pb4339.44±10.07
Cu4321.72±5.73
Hg4322.04±7
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021257896646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison of dissolution rate of heavy metals and harmful elements in dry paste by S-N-K method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
个案数
(number of cases)
1234
Cd4317.575
Cu4321.724
Hg4322.04
Pb4339.44
As4353.395
P10.84211
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021350171339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

干膏中重金属及有害元素溶出率S-N-K法比较(α=0.05)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素
(element)
个案数
(number of cases)
1234
Cd4317.575
Cu4321.724
Hg4322.04
Pb4339.44
As4353.395
P10.84211
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021450834639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Exp,MOE and HI of five elements in Jasmine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
Exp/(μg·kg-1)MOE/HI
As PbCd CuHgAs(MOE) Pb(MOE)Cd(HI) Cu(HI)Hg(HI)
10.048 6 0.197 1 0.037 9 1.267 8 0.000 3 6.175 6 0.659 7 0.454 8 0.025 4 0.005 8
20.031 7 0.031 9 0.042 5 0.830 6 0.000 5 9.461 2 4.071 2 0.510 5 0.016 6 0.008 8
30.034 9 0.022 0.052 8 0.938 6 0 8.602 5 5.918 8 0.633 3 0.018 8 0.000 9
40.034 2 0.029 9 0.037 9 0.921 8 0 8.767 7 4.341 1 0.455 2 0.018 4 0
50.034 6 0.022 5 0.053 2 1.089 1 0.000 4 8.669 3 5.768 3 0.638 6 0.021 8 0.006 9
60.027 7 0.031 2 0.039 1 0.700 9 0.001 7 10.827 3 4.163 2 0.468 9 0.014 0.029 3
70.027 7 0.014 6 0.048 9 0.916 6 0.001 10.839 8.932 1 0.586 8 0.018 3 0.017 3
80.020 1 0.015 0.044 1 0.795 6 0.000 9 14.907 6 8.669 3 0.529 5 0.015 9 0.015 5
90.034 5 0.030 9 0.048 3 0.895 9 0.000 1 8.691 8 4.201 8 0.579 2 0.017 9 0.001 9
100.021 4 0.018 1 0.036 2 0.674 9 0.001 1 14.013 6 7.171 7 0.434 7 0.013 5 0.019 2
110.026 6 0.026 1 0.038 7 0.684 0 11.276 9 4.974 8 0.464 7 0.013 7 0
120.024 4 0.043 5 0.045 9 0.708 2 0 12.283 3 2.986 4 0.551 0.014 2 0
130.020 6 0.018 7 0.032 8 0.767 4 0 14.583 1 6.935 5 0.393 5 0.015 3 0
140.029 3 0.038 7 0.035 4 0.716 8 0.001 1 10.231 9 3.361 0.425 1 0.014 3 0.018 5
150.028 6 0.029 1 0.038 9 0.752 4 0 10.477 3 4.466 0.467 0.015 0
160.027 0.128 4 0.044 0.725 4 0.002 11.127 1 1.012 6 0.528 3 0.014 5 0.035 4
170.027 9 0.020 5 0.042 1 0.726 3 0.000 9 10.734 8 6.338 9 0.505 4 0.014 5 0.016 2
180.038 3 0.034 0.042 9 0.724 5 0.000 2 7.837 6 3.828 0.515 3 0.014 5 0.002 8
190.026 5 0.021 9 0.046 4 0.863 7 0 11.315 5.924 8 0.556 5 0.017 3 0
200.020 6 0.018 5 0.041 2 0.737 9 0 14.583 1 7.034 8 0.494 8 0.014 8 0
210.031 6 0.031 6 0.052 1 0.758 0 9.496 9 4.108 1 0.624 7 0.015 2 0
220.022 5 0.040 6 0.044 5 0.842 1 0.000 7 13.343 6 3.203 9 0.534 4 0.016 8 0.012 9
230.021 9 0.021 0.047 3 0.684 3 0.001 9 13.726 4 6.185 9 0.567 2 0.013 7 0.034 1
240.021 6 0.029 2 0.028 5 0.661 5 0 13.859 4.455 9 0.341 6 0.013 2 0
250.032 3 0.021 5 0.029 9 0.797 8 0.005 8 9.286 3 6.058 7 0.358 6 0.016 0.101 1
260.031 5 0.009 9 0.033 9 0.696 8 0 9.533 13.129 5 0.406 4 0.013 9 0
270.031 3 0.028 3 0.037 1 0.705 3 0 9.587 6 4.591 2 0.444 8 0.014 1 0
280.021 5 0.034 2 0.036 6 0.684 5 0.000 7 13.935 9 3.796 0.439 5 0.013 7 0.012 5
290.025 1 0.037 1 0.039 8 0.708 9 0.004 5 11.975 9 3.502 8 0.478 1 0.014 2 0.078 3
300.03 0.025 4 0.046 8 0.864 4 0 10.007 7 5.126 2 0.561 7 0.017 3 0
310.033 6 0.022 6 0.054 8 1.753 5 0.000 7 8.923 4 5.745 8 0.657 2 0.035 1 0.012 9
320.023 2 0.027 3 0.038 9 0.672 3 0 12.931 5 4.765 7 0.467 1 0.013 4 0
330.027 6 0.025 8 0.042 2 0.696 6 0.002 4 10.874 2 5.03 0.506 5 0.013 9 0.042 7
340.024 1 0.032 0.037 5 0.705 9 0.000 5 12.450 7 4.062 8 0.449 5 0.014 1 0.008 8
350.029 5 0.163 2 0.036 8 0.670 8 0 10.169 8 0.796 8 0.441 9 0.013 4 0
360.029 4 0.026 9 0.045 4 0.715 7 0.025 4 10.200 8 4.84 0.544 4 0.014 3 0.445 3
370.031 9 0.019 8 0.041 9 0.687 3 0.000 5 9.399 2 6.564 8 0.503 1 0.013 7 0.009 5
380.026 7 0.045 8 0.042 1 0.746 8 0 11.226 5 2.839 7 0.504 6 0.014 9 0
390.031 2 0.016 6 0.041 9 0.743 4 0.000 9 9.624 3 7.839 3 0.502 2 0.014 9 0.015 1
400.023 4 0.022 3 0.029 7 0.899 5 0.001 7 12.816 5.831 0.356 5 0.018 0.030 4
410.021 6 0.029 1 0.030 4 0.890 1 0.000 6 13.859 4.462 6 0.364 2 0.017 8 0.010 6
420.022 1 0.030 8 0.023 4 1.095 9 0.010 4 13.578 4.216 9 0.281 0.021 9 0.181 8
430.026 6 0.022 7 0.046 5 0.848 9 0.000 3 11.264 3 5.734 6 0.558 5 0.017 0.004 5
均值(mean)0.028 0.036 2 0.040 9 0.813 2 0.001 6 11.104 1 5.061 6 0.490 4 0.016 3 0.027 4
), ArticleFig(id=1239171021559886546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148841828676336, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

茉莉花中5种元素的日Exp和MOE及HI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号
(No.)
Exp/(μg·kg-1)MOE/HI
As PbCd CuHgAs(MOE) Pb(MOE)Cd(HI) Cu(HI)Hg(HI)
10.048 6 0.197 1 0.037 9 1.267 8 0.000 3 6.175 6 0.659 7 0.454 8 0.025 4 0.005 8
20.031 7 0.031 9 0.042 5 0.830 6 0.000 5 9.461 2 4.071 2 0.510 5 0.016 6 0.008 8
30.034 9 0.022 0.052 8 0.938 6 0 8.602 5 5.918 8 0.633 3 0.018 8 0.000 9
40.034 2 0.029 9 0.037 9 0.921 8 0 8.767 7 4.341 1 0.455 2 0.018 4 0
50.034 6 0.022 5 0.053 2 1.089 1 0.000 4 8.669 3 5.768 3 0.638 6 0.021 8 0.006 9
60.027 7 0.031 2 0.039 1 0.700 9 0.001 7 10.827 3 4.163 2 0.468 9 0.014 0.029 3
70.027 7 0.014 6 0.048 9 0.916 6 0.001 10.839 8.932 1 0.586 8 0.018 3 0.017 3
80.020 1 0.015 0.044 1 0.795 6 0.000 9 14.907 6 8.669 3 0.529 5 0.015 9 0.015 5
90.034 5 0.030 9 0.048 3 0.895 9 0.000 1 8.691 8 4.201 8 0.579 2 0.017 9 0.001 9
100.021 4 0.018 1 0.036 2 0.674 9 0.001 1 14.013 6 7.171 7 0.434 7 0.013 5 0.019 2
110.026 6 0.026 1 0.038 7 0.684 0 11.276 9 4.974 8 0.464 7 0.013 7 0
120.024 4 0.043 5 0.045 9 0.708 2 0 12.283 3 2.986 4 0.551 0.014 2 0
130.020 6 0.018 7 0.032 8 0.767 4 0 14.583 1 6.935 5 0.393 5 0.015 3 0
140.029 3 0.038 7 0.035 4 0.716 8 0.001 1 10.231 9 3.361 0.425 1 0.014 3 0.018 5
150.028 6 0.029 1 0.038 9 0.752 4 0 10.477 3 4.466 0.467 0.015 0
160.027 0.128 4 0.044 0.725 4 0.002 11.127 1 1.012 6 0.528 3 0.014 5 0.035 4
170.027 9 0.020 5 0.042 1 0.726 3 0.000 9 10.734 8 6.338 9 0.505 4 0.014 5 0.016 2
180.038 3 0.034 0.042 9 0.724 5 0.000 2 7.837 6 3.828 0.515 3 0.014 5 0.002 8
190.026 5 0.021 9 0.046 4 0.863 7 0 11.315 5.924 8 0.556 5 0.017 3 0
200.020 6 0.018 5 0.041 2 0.737 9 0 14.583 1 7.034 8 0.494 8 0.014 8 0
210.031 6 0.031 6 0.052 1 0.758 0 9.496 9 4.108 1 0.624 7 0.015 2 0
220.022 5 0.040 6 0.044 5 0.842 1 0.000 7 13.343 6 3.203 9 0.534 4 0.016 8 0.012 9
230.021 9 0.021 0.047 3 0.684 3 0.001 9 13.726 4 6.185 9 0.567 2 0.013 7 0.034 1
240.021 6 0.029 2 0.028 5 0.661 5 0 13.859 4.455 9 0.341 6 0.013 2 0
250.032 3 0.021 5 0.029 9 0.797 8 0.005 8 9.286 3 6.058 7 0.358 6 0.016 0.101 1
260.031 5 0.009 9 0.033 9 0.696 8 0 9.533 13.129 5 0.406 4 0.013 9 0
270.031 3 0.028 3 0.037 1 0.705 3 0 9.587 6 4.591 2 0.444 8 0.014 1 0
280.021 5 0.034 2 0.036 6 0.684 5 0.000 7 13.935 9 3.796 0.439 5 0.013 7 0.012 5
290.025 1 0.037 1 0.039 8 0.708 9 0.004 5 11.975 9 3.502 8 0.478 1 0.014 2 0.078 3
300.03 0.025 4 0.046 8 0.864 4 0 10.007 7 5.126 2 0.561 7 0.017 3 0
310.033 6 0.022 6 0.054 8 1.753 5 0.000 7 8.923 4 5.745 8 0.657 2 0.035 1 0.012 9
320.023 2 0.027 3 0.038 9 0.672 3 0 12.931 5 4.765 7 0.467 1 0.013 4 0
330.027 6 0.025 8 0.042 2 0.696 6 0.002 4 10.874 2 5.03 0.506 5 0.013 9 0.042 7
340.024 1 0.032 0.037 5 0.705 9 0.000 5 12.450 7 4.062 8 0.449 5 0.014 1 0.008 8
350.029 5 0.163 2 0.036 8 0.670 8 0 10.169 8 0.796 8 0.441 9 0.013 4 0
360.029 4 0.026 9 0.045 4 0.715 7 0.025 4 10.200 8 4.84 0.544 4 0.014 3 0.445 3
370.031 9 0.019 8 0.041 9 0.687 3 0.000 5 9.399 2 6.564 8 0.503 1 0.013 7 0.009 5
380.026 7 0.045 8 0.042 1 0.746 8 0 11.226 5 2.839 7 0.504 6 0.014 9 0
390.031 2 0.016 6 0.041 9 0.743 4 0.000 9 9.624 3 7.839 3 0.502 2 0.014 9 0.015 1
400.023 4 0.022 3 0.029 7 0.899 5 0.001 7 12.816 5.831 0.356 5 0.018 0.030 4
410.021 6 0.029 1 0.030 4 0.890 1 0.000 6 13.859 4.462 6 0.364 2 0.017 8 0.010 6
420.022 1 0.030 8 0.023 4 1.095 9 0.010 4 13.578 4.216 9 0.281 0.021 9 0.181 8
430.026 6 0.022 7 0.046 5 0.848 9 0.000 3 11.264 3 5.734 6 0.558 5 0.017 0.004 5
均值(mean)0.028 0.036 2 0.040 9 0.813 2 0.001 6 11.104 1 5.061 6 0.490 4 0.016 3 0.027 4
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茉莉花重金属及有害元素的道地性研究及风险评估*
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黄健军 1, 3 , 方刚 1 , 伍国怡 2, ** , 邓刚 1 , 梁少东 2 , 刘艳云 2
药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024,44(3): 482-492
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药物分析杂志 | 安全监测 2024, 44(3): 482-492
茉莉花重金属及有害元素的道地性研究及风险评估*
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黄健军1, 3 , 方刚1, 伍国怡2, ** , 邓刚1, 梁少东2, 刘艳云2
作者信息
  • 1.广西中医药大学,南宁 530001
  • 2.北海市食品药品检验所,北海 536000
  • 3.广西民族大学,南宁 530008
  • Tel:(771)3922715;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:(779)2230575;E-mail:
Study on geo-authenticity and risk assessment of heavy metal and harmful elements in Jasmine*
Jian-jun HUANG1, 3 , Gang FANG1, Guo-yi WU2, ** , Gang DENG1, Shao-dong LIANG2, Yan-yun LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530001,China
  • 2.Beihai Institute for Food and Drug Control,Beihai 536000,China
  • 3.Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning 530008,China
出版时间: 2024-03-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.14
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目的:

研究茉莉花重金属元素与道地性的相关性,并进行风险评估。

方法:

采用ICP-MS测定不同产区43批茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的差异,进行聚类分析,研究茉莉花中各元素含量与道地性的相关性及水煎后各元素的溶出率,筛选可能影响重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素,并进行风险评估。

结果:

不同产区43批茉莉花共聚为2类,不同产区茉莉花粉末和干膏中各重金属及有害元素含量大小均为Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg,粉末和干膏中Cu元素含量均大于其他元素;煎煮后各重金属及有害元素的溶出率大小为As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cd与As是可能影响茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素;风险评估显示广西横州市横州镇(批号20200810)与福建省泉州市(批号20230705)MOEPb<1,存在一定暴露风险,其余产区危害指数和暴露限值均符合限值标准。

结论:

本文为种植区选择、人工育种、制定重金属及有害限量标准等方面提供科学依据。

茉莉花  /  道地性  /  重金属  /  有害元素  /  风险评估
Objective:

To study the correlation between heavy metal and harmful elements of Jasmine and the geo-authenticity,and to evaluate the risk.

Methods:

The content difference of heavy metal elements in 43 batches of Jasmine from different production areas was determined by ICP-MS,and cluster analysis was carried out to study the correlation between the content of each element in Jasmine and the geo-authenticity. The dissolution rate of each element after decocting in water was determined,the symbolic elements that might affect the contents of heavy metal and harmful elements was screened,and risk assessment was performed.

Results:

The copolymerization of 43 batches of jasmine from different producing areas was divided into 2 types. The contents of heavy metals in powder and dry paste of Jasmine from different producing areas declined in the order of Cu,Cd,Pb ,As and Hg,and the content of Cu in powder and dry paste was higher than other elements. The dissolution rates of heavy metal and harmful elements declined in the order of As,Pb,Hg,Cu and Cd,and Pb,Cd and As were the representative elements that might affect the content of heavy metal and harmful elements in Jasmine. Risk assessment showed that MOEPb<1 existed in samples from Hengzhou Town,Hengzhou City,Guangxi Province (batch number:20200810) and Quanzhou City,Fujian Province (batch number:20230705),and the hazard index and exposure limit values in other producing areas were in line with the limit standards.

Conclusion:

This paper provides scientific basis for selection of planting area,artificial breeding and formulation of heavy metal and harmful limit standard.

Jasmine  /  geo-authenticity  /  heavy metal  /  harmful elements  /  risk assessment
黄健军, 方刚, 伍国怡, 邓刚, 梁少东, 刘艳云. 茉莉花重金属及有害元素的道地性研究及风险评估*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 482 -492 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.14
Jian-jun HUANG, Gang FANG, Guo-yi WU, Gang DENG, Shao-dong LIANG, Yan-yun LIU. Study on geo-authenticity and risk assessment of heavy metal and harmful elements in Jasmine*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (3) : 482 -492 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.14
茉莉花(Jasminun sambac (L.) Atiton)为木犀科植物茉莉的花,为常绿灌木幼枝圆柱形,有时近倒卵形,披短柔毛,单叶对生,花期6~11月,花后通常不结果,多栽培湿润肥沃土壤中,原产区为印度[1]。茉莉花性寒、味香淡、消胀气,味辛、甘,性温,有理气止痛、温中和胃、消肿解毒、强化免疫系统的功效,并对痢疾、腹痛、结膜炎及疮毒等具有很好的消炎解毒的作用。现在我国多地都有栽培,现分布江苏、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、四川、云南等地,以广西横县、福建和广州最多[2-3]。茉莉为多年生植物,药用历史悠久,全身包括茉莉花、茉莉叶、茉莉渣、茉莉茎皆可药用,其生长地土壤、环境和气候等条件的影响在一定程度上增加了重金属及有害元素残留的风险,然而,目前关于茉莉花重金属及有害元素污染及其安全性评价的研究较少[4-7],本研究建立茉莉花中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu 5种有害重金属及有害元素的ICP-MS联合测定方法,对不同产区茉莉花粉末及干膏中的重金属及有害元素残留进行测定,研究不同产区茉莉花药材中5种重金属及有害元素在煎煮过程中由粉末到汤液的分布变化,筛选可能影响其重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素,论证中医传统汤剂的科学性和合理性,并对其重金属及有害元素污染状况进行分析与评价,以期为客观全面评价茉莉花的质量作出探索,对制定其中药材重金属及有害元素限量标准、茉莉花种植区的选择、资源保护、人工育种、临床用药以及茉莉花这一重要的民族药的开发利用提供科学依据。
Agilent 7700X电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(安捷伦科技有限公司);Anton Pear Multiwave 3000微波消解仪(安东帕有限公司);MS-204十万分之一电子天平(梅特勒-托利多公司)。
As、Cd、Pb多元素标准溶液(GNM-M41940-2013,唯一标识:22D30520,浓度:1 000 μg·mL-1,国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心);Cu单元素标准溶液(GBW8615,批号19041,浓度:1 000 μg·mL-1,中国计量科学研究院);Hg单元素标准溶液(GBW(E)83186a-1,批号:B1907010,浓度:100 μg·mL-1,北京坛墨质检科技有限公司)。柑橘叶[国家一级标准物质,GBW10020(GSB-11),中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所]。内标溶液为100 mg·L-1的Li、Sc、Ge、Rh、In、Tb、Lu、Bi混合内标溶液(批号 54-124CRY2,Agilent公司)。硝酸为优级纯(MERCK公司);水为娃哈哈纯净水。不同产区茉莉花分别从主产区广西、四川、广东、安徽等地采集,共43批次。见表1
射频功率1 400 W;萃取电压-142 V;离子透镜1、2、3分别为2.2、-23、-173.5 V;采样深度62 mm;雾化室温度为2 ℃;等离子体气体、辅助气体、载体、稀释气体流量分别为15、1、1、1 L·min-1;重复次数为3次;积分时间为0.3 s;调谐模式为He模式。Pb、As、Cd元素分别按以下干扰方程校正:MC(75)=M(75)×1-M(77)×3.127 8+M(78)×1.017 7;MC(208)=M(206)×1+M(207)×1+M(208)×1;MC(114)=M(114)×1-M(108)×1.628 5-M(118)×0.014 9。
采用功率程序消解:①设定5 min,使温度从室温升至130 ℃,130 ℃恒温5 min;②设定5 min,使温度从130 ℃升至150 ℃,150 ℃恒温5 min;③设定5 min,使温度从150 ℃升至190 ℃,190 ℃恒温25 min。
分别精密量取As、Cd、Pb多元素标准溶液、Cu单元素标准溶液和Hg单元素标准溶液,用2%硝酸溶液分别稀释成含As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Hg为1、1、1、10、0.5 μg·mL-1 的标准储备溶液。精密量取As、Cd、Pb、Cu标准储备液适量,用2%硝酸溶液分别稀释成含As、Cd、Pb为0、1、5、10、20 ng·mL-1,含Cu为0、50、100、200、500 ng·mL-1系列浓度混合标准溶液。另精密量取Hg标准储备溶液适量,用2%硝酸溶液稀释成含Hg为0、0.2、0.5、1、2、5 ng·mL-1的系列浓度混合标准溶液(使用前临时配制)。
精密量取浓度为100 mg·L-1的Li、Sc、Ge、Rh、In、Tb、Lu、Bi混合内标溶液适量,用2%硝酸溶液稀释成质量浓度为0.5 mg·L-1的混合内标溶液(In作为Cd的内标,Ge作为As和Cu的内标,Bi作为Pb和Hg的内标)。
取各样品适量,粉碎后过70目筛,混匀。精密称取粉末供试品0.5 g于消解罐中,加入7 mL硝酸,加盖放置过夜,旋紧灌盖,按照“2.2”项下操作步骤进行消解,冷却取出缓慢打开灌盖排气,用少量水冲洗内盖,将消解罐进行赶酸,将消化液转移至25 mL量瓶中,用少量水洗涤内罐3次,合并洗涤液并定容至刻度,混匀。同时作空白试验。
精密称取样品各10 g置250 mL三角烧瓶中,加入200 mL去离子水,浸泡30 min,煎煮3次,每次30 min,用双层纱布趁热滤过,合并滤液,混匀,浓缩至干膏,恒重,称质量。精密称取干膏供试品0.5 g于消解罐中,同“2.4.1”项下操作。
按“2.3.1”项下方法配制的合标准溶液,在“2.1”项工作条件下测定各个质量浓度梯度的混合标准溶液,各质量浓度平行测定3次,并绘制标准曲线。在试验条件下,用样品空白溶液重复进样20次,平行测定3次,计算标准偏差,按标准偏差3倍计算,并结合取样量求得各个元素的检测限。见表2
取同一浓度的As、Cd、Pb、Cu混合标准溶液和Hg标准溶液,连续进样6次,记录测定值,结果上述各元素测定值的RSD(n=6)分别为1.9%,1.9%,0.50%,0.40%,1.4%,精密度良好。
按“2.4”项方法操作,平行制备6份样品溶液,同法测定,计算各元素含量,结果As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Hg平均含量(n=6)分别为0.164、0.381 1、0.884 2、10.295 6、0.003 1 mg·kg-1,RSD(n=6)分别为2.9%,2.1%,0.80%,0.60%,3.0%。
精密称取标准物质柑橘叶[GBW10020(GSB-11)]约0.05、0.5 g,按“2.4”项方法操作,并进行6次平行试验,测定含量并计算回收率。结果As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Hg平均回收率(n=6)分别为98.7%、99.8%、95.2%、94.1%、103.1%,RSD分别为2.8%、2.1%、2.8%、2.3%、2.9%。
按“2.1”项下条件,对不同产区的茉莉花粉末和干膏中5种重金属及有害元素进行含量测定,每份供试品平行测定3次。水煎剂是中医传统剂型,中医临床应用以水煎汤液形式服用,故以干膏来表达汤液,分析茉莉花中5种重金属及有害元素溶出率。本文中干膏由10 g茉莉花粉末水煎液浓缩所得。(①样品所含各重金属总量=质量浓度×样品质量;②汤液重金属溶出率=汤液重金属总量/所用粉末重金属总量)。结果见表23
采用SPSS25分析软件对不同产区43批次的茉莉花粉末的重金属及有害元素含量测定结果进行聚类分析。采用组间连接聚类方法,重金属及有害元素含量作为聚类变量,结果当欧氏距离为15时,43批次药材聚为二类,第Ⅰ类为2~15、17~34、36~43,第Ⅱ类为1、16、35。分析结果显示不同产区不同批次的茉莉花基本聚为一类,由此可看出,重金属及有害元素富集的影响因素较多,土壤类型、地质背景、水质、大气污染等产区环境均会影响重金属及有害元素的富集能力,不同产区如具有相似环境,重金属及有害元素的富集能力相当,并聚为同类。
采用SPSS25分析软件分别计算2种聚类重金属元素的均数和标准差。结果As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Hg的均数和标准差()分别为第Ⅰ类:0.09±0.02、0.42±0.07、0.12±0.04、6.65±1.55、0.01±0.04;第Ⅱ类:0.12±0.04、0.4±0.04、0.74±0.16、7.31±2.72、0.01±0.01。2种聚类中Pb元素含量:第Ⅰ类<第Ⅱ类,F=436.317,P<0.001,差异具有显著性意义。As、Cd、Cu和Hg元素含量均无显著性差异。
对不同产区43批次的茉莉花粉末和干膏的重金属及有害元素含量进行统计学分析,结果表明:不同产区茉莉花粉末和干膏中各重金属及有害元素含量大小均为Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg,粉末和干膏中Cu元素含量均大于其他元素。见表5
表34可看出,茉莉花中各重金属及有害元素溶出率介于7.24%~68.98%,由于溶出率的差异,Cu元素在粉末中含量较高,但溶出率有限;As、Pb元素在粉末中含量较低,溶出率高,煎煮后各重金属及有害元素溶出率大小顺序为As、Pb、Hg、Cu、Cd。采用SPSS25分析软件计算各重金属及有害元素溶出率的均数与标准差,并进行方差分析,结果显示F=183.066,P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义。见表6
采用S-N-K法对43批不同产区茉莉花中各重金属及有害元素溶出率进行分析,结果各元素溶出率中,除Cu与Hg无显著性差异外,其他元素互相之间均有显著性差异。见表7
为研究不同产区茉莉花重金属及有害元素特征,以粉末中5种重金属及有害元素作为因变量,不同产区作为自变量,采用SIMCA14.1分析软件进行正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA),结果自变量拟合指数R2X为0.583,预测指数(Q2)为0.504,R2Q2均大于0.5,拟合结果可靠,模型稳定。
对模型进行置换验证(permutation,n=200),结果R2Y=0.022 8,Q2=-0.013 5,模型中R2Y轴的截距小于0.4,Q2Y轴的截距小于0.05,模型不存在过度拟合,可用于判别不同产区的茉莉花。再利用变量重要性投影值(variable importance projection,VIP)筛选影响茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素,以VIP>1为标准,结果表明Pb、Cd与As元素可能是影响茉莉花重金属及有害元素含量的标志性元素[13]。见图2~图4
本研究通过危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险特征描述步骤,对茉莉花进行风险评估。
采用适用于中药材使用特点的评估方法,采纳国际权威机构食品添加剂联合专家委员会(Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives,JECFA)建立的元素健康指导值(health-based guidance values,HBGV)[多用每日可接受摄入量(acceptable daily intake,ADI)、暂定每月可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable monthly intake,PTMI)等表示],规定Cd的暂定PTMI为25 μg·kg-1,Hg的暂定每周可耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PTWI)为4 μg·kg-1,Cu的暂定每日可耐受摄入量(provisional maximum theoretical daily intake,PMTDI)为500 μg·kg-1,由于JECFA已于2010年撤销Pb、As健康指导值,现尚未建立新的健康指导值,故Pb参考WHO提出的成年人心血管效应收缩压基准剂量下限值(benchmark dose lower 01,BMDL01)为每日1.3 μg·kg-1,As参考无机砷诱发人类致癌发病率增加0.5%的基准剂量可信下限值(Benchmark dose lower 0.5,BMDL 0.5)为每日3.0 μg·kg-1
日暴露量(exposure,Exp)计算公式为Exp=EF×Ed×IR×C×t/AT/W,其中EF为90 d,Ed为20年,IR为500 g,C为茉莉花粉末中各重金属及有害元素含量(mg·kg-1),t为茉莉花汤液中各重金属及有害元素溶出率,AT为25 550(平均寿命天数),W为人体平均体质量,以63 kg计。
危害指数(hazard index ,HI)适用于有健康指导值的Cd、Hg、Cu元素,计算公式为:HI=Exp×10/HBGV,Exp和HBGV单位均为μg·kg-1,10为安全因子,Cd元素HBGV=PTMI/30,Hg元素HBGV=PTWI/7,Cu元素HBGV=PMTDI。HI>1,风险应予以关注;HI≤1,不具备致癌风险。
暴露限值(margin of exposure,MOE)适用于未建立健康指导值的As、Pb元素,计算公式为MOE=BMDL/Exp/10,Exp和BMDL单位均为μg·kg-1,BMDL为As、Pb元素基准剂量下限值,10为安全因子。MOE≤1,风险应予以关注;MOE>1,不具备致癌风险。
按上述步骤,对43批茉莉花中As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Hg进行风险评估。风险评估结果见表8
近年来,随着健康观念的普及,人们对食品质量安全愈加重视,在药用植物使用上同样如此。由于植物的生长环境中或多或少地存在着有害重金属元素,又因其自身特性等因素,因此生长在自然环境中植物会吸收、积累一定数量的有害重金属[22-24]。同时,随着社会工业化的发展,茉莉花产地的生态环境可能会遭到严重破坏,其安全性面临严重的挑战。大量研究证明,重金属对人体的新陈代谢和正常的生理作用造成明显的损害,并抑制人体正常生理作用的发挥,当食品或中药材中的重金属通过服用后进人机体内,人体的蛋白质、核酸等与重金属离子结合并反应后形成金属鳌合物或配合物,会造成机体器官的损害,严重的可致癌变、畸形等[25-30]。因此,对食品或中药中重金属元素进行控制巳成为当前亟需解决的重要问题之一[31]
茉莉花作为广西主要经济作物之一,其广西种植面积位居全国前列,其产业链作为广西横市的支柱产业之一,质量控制显得尤为重要。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定,重金属及有害元素照Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu测定法(通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法)测定,Pb不得过5 mg·kg-1,Cd不得过1 mg·kg-1,As不得过2 mg·kg-1,Hg不得过0.2 mg·kg-1,Cu不得过20 mg·kg-1。上述茉莉花粉末及干膏重金属及有害元素含量均符合要求。风险评估显示广西横州市横州镇(批号20200810)与福建省泉州市(批号20230705)的MOEPb<1,存在一定暴露风险,其余产地的危害指数HICd、HIHg和HICu均小于1,暴露限值MOEAs和MOEPb均大于1,造成人体健康危害的可能性较低。
43批次茉莉花粉末和干膏中各重金属及有害元素含量大小顺序均为Cu、Cd、Pb、As、Hg,粉末和干膏中Cu元素含量均大于其他金属元素,煎煮后各重金属元素溶出率大小顺序为As、Pb、Cu、Cd、Hg,方差分析表明差异具有统计学意义,研究结果表明,重金属元素含量由饮片到汤液的迁移未具有正相关性。
S-N-K法分析结果表明,不同产区茉莉花中的重金属及有害元素溶出率中Cu与Hg无显著性差异,其他元素互相之间均有显著性差异,说明在茉莉花质量控制中As、Pb与Cd元素的含量需重点关注。
VIP技术基于偏最小二乘回归的筛选方法,对于某一自变量,其VIP值反映该变量本身对因变量的影响的同时,考虑其他自变量通过该变量间接对因变量的影响,一定程度上更符合实际。本文以VIP>1为标准筛选影响茉莉花重金属有及害元素含量的的标志性元素,结果表明Pb、Cd与As元素是可能影响茉莉花重金属有及害元素含量的标志性元素。该结果与S-N-K法分析结果基本一致。
茉莉花在日常生活中主要以浸泡或水煎煮后服用,因此,本文首次对不同产地的茉莉花粉末、水煎液的重金属有及害元素含量及其溶出率进行研究,分析不同产地茉莉花中5种重金属有及害元素含量由饮片到汤液的迁移变化,研究重金属有及害元素含量与道地性的相关性,筛选影响其质量的标志性重金属有及害元素,并进行风险评估。本文研究结果对全面客观评价茉莉花质量,制定其重金属有及害元素限量标准、种植区的选择、资源保护、人工育种等方面均具有重要的指导意义。
  • *2022年广西中医药大学面上项目(2022MS026)
  • 广西中医药多学科交叉创新资助(GZKJ2304)
  • 桂派中医药传承创新团队--壮医毒病临床医学研究与应用创新团队(桂中医大党[2022]23号)
  • 广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会壮医应用基础研究重点实验室项目(广西中医药大学)(桂卫科教发[2020]17号)
  • 广西医学高层次骨干人才培养‘139’计划资助项目(桂卫科教发[2020]15号)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.14
  • 接收时间:2023-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-03-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-07
基金
*2022年广西中医药大学面上项目(2022MS026)
广西中医药多学科交叉创新资助(GZKJ2304)
桂派中医药传承创新团队--壮医毒病临床医学研究与应用创新团队(桂中医大党[2022]23号)
广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会壮医应用基础研究重点实验室项目(广西中医药大学)(桂卫科教发[2020]17号)
广西医学高层次骨干人才培养‘139’计划资助项目(桂卫科教发[2020]15号)
作者信息
    1.广西中医药大学,南宁 530001
    2.北海市食品药品检验所,北海 536000
    3.广西民族大学,南宁 530008

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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