Article(id=1239148838146077385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1708876800000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773365705286, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1711814400000, pubDateStr=2024-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773365705286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773365705286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773365705286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239148837584040649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='373', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773365705152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773367146269, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239154882125550206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1239148837584040649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=419, endPage=426, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239148838389347020, articleId=1239148838146077385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of diazepam,nordiazepam and oxazepam in hair by HPLC*, columnId=1239148838318043851, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Ingredient Analys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

To establish an HPLC analysis method for the determination of diazepam,nordiazepam and oxazepam in hair samples.

Methods:

The determination of drug content and related substances was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ultrasonic method combined with liquid-liquid extraction method was used as the pretreatment method. The chromatographic column was Athena C18-WP column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase was the mixture of methanol:0.02 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 3.4 with phosphoric acid):acetonitrile (30:43:27,v/v/v) in an isometric elution;the column temperature was 50 ℃;the flow rate was 0.7 mL·min-1;the running time was 30 min;the injection volume was 20 μL. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The internal standard was clonazepam.

Results:

The linearity of all the analytes were good in the concentration range of 0.1 to 25 ng·mg-1r>0.995). The limit of quantitative was 0.1 ng·mg-1 and the limit of detection was 0.05 ng·mg-1. The intra-batch accuracies were 88.2%-103.9% (n=6) and the inter-batch accuracies were 88.5%-106.2% with imprecisions ≤9.19%. The recoveries were stable for three anlytes,which met the requirement of methodology. The present method was applied to the authetic hair samples,in which the concentrations of diazepam,norazepam and oxazepam were (0.307±0.016) ng·mg-1,(0.244±0.012) ng·mg-1 and (0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1 respectively. Besides,Cnorazepam/Cdiazepam was 0.795,which was in consistent with the literature reported.

Conclusion:

The established HPLC method is fast and easy to operate,with good reproducibility,applicability,and reliability.

, correspAuthors=De-qiu ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-zhu CHEN, Hai-feng BI, De-qiu ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239148840641688280, articleId=1239148838146077385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=HPLC法同时测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮*, columnId=1206272756476342615, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=成分分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

建立测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮的HPLC分析方法。

方法:

采用超声法结合液液萃取法作为前处理方法。采用Athena C18-WP(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;以甲醇-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(磷酸调pH 3.4)-乙腈(30:43:27)为流动相;柱温50 ℃;流速0.7 mL·min-1;检测波长254 nm。内标为氯硝西泮。

结果:

本方法在0.1~25 ng·mg-1范围内具良好的线性关系,定量限为0.1 ng·mg-1,检测限为0.05 ng·mg-1,批内准确度(n=6)在88.2%~103.9%,批间准确度(n=24)在88.5%~106.2%,精密度小于或等于9.19%,提取回收率稳定,符合方法学要求。将该方法应用于实际病人的毛发样本,测得地西泮及其代谢物去甲西泮、奥沙西泮浓度分别是(0.307±0.016)ng·mg-1、(0.244±0.012)ng·mg-1和(0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1,其中C去甲西泮/C地西泮为0.795,与文献中报道相符。

结论:

优化后的方法操作快捷简便,重现性好,具适用性和可靠性。

, correspAuthors=祝德秋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
**Tel:(021)66111720;E-mail:
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Fundamentals and Applications of Hair Analysis[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2020:112,363, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239171021824119407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=123, issue=null, pageStart=17, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=MAHJOUB AE, STAUB C, journalName=Forensic Sci Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAHJOUB AESTAUB C. Determination of benzodiazepines in human hair by on-line high-performance liquid chromatography using a restricted access extraction column[J]. Forensic Sci Int2001123:17, articleTitle=Determination of benzodiazepines in human hair by on-line high-performance liquid chromatography using a restricted access extraction column, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239171021912199795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=825, issue=1, pageStart=72, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=VILLAIN M, CONCHEIRO M, CIRIMELE V, journalName=J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VILLAIN MCONCHEIRO MCIRIMELE V,et al. Screening method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in hair at pg/mg level by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci2005825(1):72, articleTitle=Screening method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in hair at pg/mg level by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239171017755644431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, awardId=20YF1443600, language=CN, fundingSource=*上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1443600), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1239171017835336210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, awardId=沪卫计药政〔2018〕8号, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市临床药学重点专科建设项目(沪卫计药政〔2018〕8号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239171011921367273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171011929755882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, companyId=1239171011921367273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171011946533100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, companyId=1239171011921367273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学中药研究所,上海201203)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239171012084945141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239171012093333750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, companyId=1239171012084945141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department 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articleId=1239148838146077385, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Investigation of different extraction solvents, figureFileSmall=zzAZTaRveIaSGA8Mn7n/HA==, figureFileBig=SOkFESsL/8OJqw8xF1EW4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016778371550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=CN, label=图5 , caption=不同萃取溶剂考察, figureFileSmall=zzAZTaRveIaSGA8Mn7n/HA==, figureFileBig=SOkFESsL/8OJqw8xF1EW4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239171016874840548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Standard equation and linear rang of three benzodiazepine in hair

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
标准曲线
(calibration curve)
r线性范围
(linearity range)/ (ng·mg-1)
地西泮(diazepam) Y=0.287 7X+0.011 30.999 70.1~25
去甲西泮(nordiazepam) Y=0.278 5X+0.027 40.999 50.1~25
奥沙西泮(oxazepam) Y=0.254X+0.065 90.998 30.1~25
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017000669674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

毛发中3种苯二氮卓类药物含量测定的标准曲线和线性范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
标准曲线
(calibration curve)
r线性范围
(linearity range)/ (ng·mg-1)
地西泮(diazepam) Y=0.287 7X+0.011 30.999 70.1~25
去甲西泮(nordiazepam) Y=0.278 5X+0.027 40.999 50.1~25
奥沙西泮(oxazepam) Y=0.254X+0.065 90.998 30.1~25
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017084555760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Accuracy and precision of three benzodiazepine in hair

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
批内(n=6)(intra-batch)批间(n=24)(inter-batch)
实际浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
实际浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.150.16103.98.20.16106.27.8
21.8793.61.81.9195.44.9
2019.4297.11.819.8199.13.2
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.150.15102.83.00.16105.86.4
21.7688.21.41.7788.51.4
2019.4797.41.619.4197.03.2
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.150.15102.57.50.1598.99.2
21.9195.35.31.9195.74.4
2019.4797.41.719.4397.23.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017181024755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

毛发中3种苯二氮卓类药物准确度和精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
批内(n=6)(intra-batch)批间(n=24)(inter-batch)
实际浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
实际浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)
RSD/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.150.16103.98.20.16106.27.8
21.8793.61.81.9195.44.9
2019.4297.11.819.8199.13.2
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.150.15102.83.00.16105.86.4
21.7688.21.41.7788.51.4
2019.4797.41.619.4197.03.2
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.150.15102.57.50.1598.99.2
21.9195.35.31.9195.74.4
2019.4797.41.719.4397.23.2
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017273299447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Extraction recoveries of three benzodiazepine in hair

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
提取回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.1553.32.7
252.610.2
2062.810.4
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.1552.66.0
252.38.3
2061.18.9
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.1561.54.8
257.66.7
2058.69.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017352991227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

毛发中3种苯二氮卓类药物提取回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
提取回收率
(recovery)/%
RSD/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.1553.32.7
252.610.2
2062.810.4
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.1552.66.0
252.38.3
2061.18.9
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.1561.54.8
257.66.7
2058.69.4
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017415905792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Processed stability of three analytes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
测定平均浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.150.1599.73.3
21.9094.93.2
2019.5597.82.7
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.150.15101.56.5
21.7588.60.94
2019.2096.00.64
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.150.15100.05.5
21.8591.80.60
2019.4597.30.56
), ArticleFig(id=1239171017499791877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1239148838146077385, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

分析过程稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物
(analyte)
理论浓度
(concentration spiked)/(ng·mg-1)
测定平均浓度
(concentration found)/(ng·mg-1)
准确度
(accuracy)/%
精密度
(precision)/%
地西泮(diazepam)0.150.1599.73.3
21.9094.93.2
2019.5597.82.7
去甲西泮(nordiazepam)0.150.15101.56.5
21.7588.60.94
2019.2096.00.64
奥沙西泮(oxazepam)0.150.15100.05.5
21.8591.80.60
2019.4597.30.56
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HPLC法同时测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮*
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陈丽竹 1, 2 , 毕海枫 2 , 祝德秋 2, **
药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024,44(3): 419-426
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药物分析杂志 | 成分分析 2024, 44(3): 419-426
HPLC法同时测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮*
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陈丽竹1, 2 , 毕海枫2, 祝德秋2, **
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学中药研究所,上海201203
  • 2.同济大学附属同济医院药剂科,上海 200065
  • Tel:(021)66111720;E-mail:

通讯作者:

**Tel:(021)66111720;E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of diazepam,nordiazepam and oxazepam in hair by HPLC*
Li-zhu CHEN1, 2 , Hai-feng BI2, De-qiu ZHU2, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China
  • 2.Department of Pharmacy,Tongji Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200065,China
出版时间: 2024-03-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.06
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目的:

建立测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮的HPLC分析方法。

方法:

采用超声法结合液液萃取法作为前处理方法。采用Athena C18-WP(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;以甲醇-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(磷酸调pH 3.4)-乙腈(30:43:27)为流动相;柱温50 ℃;流速0.7 mL·min-1;检测波长254 nm。内标为氯硝西泮。

结果:

本方法在0.1~25 ng·mg-1范围内具良好的线性关系,定量限为0.1 ng·mg-1,检测限为0.05 ng·mg-1,批内准确度(n=6)在88.2%~103.9%,批间准确度(n=24)在88.5%~106.2%,精密度小于或等于9.19%,提取回收率稳定,符合方法学要求。将该方法应用于实际病人的毛发样本,测得地西泮及其代谢物去甲西泮、奥沙西泮浓度分别是(0.307±0.016)ng·mg-1、(0.244±0.012)ng·mg-1和(0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1,其中C去甲西泮/C地西泮为0.795,与文献中报道相符。

结论:

优化后的方法操作快捷简便,重现性好,具适用性和可靠性。

地西泮  /  去甲西泮  /  奥沙西泮  /  毛发分析  /  高效液相色谱法  /  液液萃取法
Objective:

To establish an HPLC analysis method for the determination of diazepam,nordiazepam and oxazepam in hair samples.

Methods:

The determination of drug content and related substances was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ultrasonic method combined with liquid-liquid extraction method was used as the pretreatment method. The chromatographic column was Athena C18-WP column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase was the mixture of methanol:0.02 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted to pH 3.4 with phosphoric acid):acetonitrile (30:43:27,v/v/v) in an isometric elution;the column temperature was 50 ℃;the flow rate was 0.7 mL·min-1;the running time was 30 min;the injection volume was 20 μL. The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The internal standard was clonazepam.

Results:

The linearity of all the analytes were good in the concentration range of 0.1 to 25 ng·mg-1r>0.995). The limit of quantitative was 0.1 ng·mg-1 and the limit of detection was 0.05 ng·mg-1. The intra-batch accuracies were 88.2%-103.9% (n=6) and the inter-batch accuracies were 88.5%-106.2% with imprecisions ≤9.19%. The recoveries were stable for three anlytes,which met the requirement of methodology. The present method was applied to the authetic hair samples,in which the concentrations of diazepam,norazepam and oxazepam were (0.307±0.016) ng·mg-1,(0.244±0.012) ng·mg-1 and (0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1 respectively. Besides,Cnorazepam/Cdiazepam was 0.795,which was in consistent with the literature reported.

Conclusion:

The established HPLC method is fast and easy to operate,with good reproducibility,applicability,and reliability.

diazepam  /  nordiazepam  /  oxazepam  /  hair analysis  /  HPLC  /  liquid-liquid extraction
陈丽竹, 毕海枫, 祝德秋. HPLC法同时测定毛发样本中地西泮、去甲西泮和奥沙西泮*. 药物分析杂志, 2024 , 44 (3) : 419 -426 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.06
Li-zhu CHEN, Hai-feng BI, De-qiu ZHU. Simultaneous determination of diazepam,nordiazepam and oxazepam in hair by HPLC*[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024 , 44 (3) : 419 -426 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.06
地西泮、氯硝西泮、奥沙西泮、艾司唑仑、阿普唑仑等苯二氮卓类药物是临床常用的药物,主要发挥其抗焦虑、镇静催眠、抗癫痫等药理作用,常用于治疗焦虑性和强迫性神经官能症等[1-2]。长期使用苯二氮卓类药物会影响认知(增加痴呆症发病率),并且产生依赖和强烈的戒断症状。高剂量使用则会导致非常严重的记忆丧失,甚至会直接导致死亡[3]。近年来,苯二氮卓类药物已成为近年来增长最快的滥用药物而备受关注[3]
头发样本不仅可作为血液、尿液等生物检材的重要补充,还可提供其他生物样本无法提供的药物使用信息。在法医上主要用于滥用药物的鉴定,在临床上可用来指示药物或者重金属中毒,营养元素缺乏等。该检材具有无创,易于运输和保存的优点,且相较于生物体液样本能反映长期的摄药信息等。基于此,对毛发样本中苯二氮卓类药物的分析方法研究至关重要。
目前,生物样本中苯二氮卓类药物检测多集中在血液和尿液样本中,毛发样本由于样本前处理复杂,方法灵敏度较高,对其的报道相对较少,其检测多采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)[4-11],高效液相色谱法(HPLC)[12-13]、气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC)或气相色谱质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)[14]应用较少。Wang团队[10]采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测毛发中苯二氮卓类药物,定量限能达到pg·mg-1级。但是由于设备价格昂贵,需要有专门的技术人员操作,普及性较低,且前处理繁杂,鉴定周期长,这些缺点限制了其在检测中的推广,尤其是基层执法部门。GC法报道较少,且与HPLC法相比需要高温处理样品,并需要对苯二氮卓类样品进行衍生化,前处理时间较长[13]。而HPLC法是最为广泛的分析技术手段之一,具分离性能高,分析速度快,定量准确等优点,且重复性好、性价比高,基层研究单位普及率高,适合推广应用。但是目前文献报道较少。Zarrin团队于2015年使用HPLC法测定毛发中苯二氮卓类药物,在C18柱上进行分离,流动相为甲醇-乙腈纯水的混合物,定量限在0.10~15 μg·mL-1[12-13]。但该文献报道的检测限单位为μg·mL-1,与毛发分析大多数文献和指南中的单位ng·mg-1不统一,且缺少具体的方法学验证过程。
基于此,本实验室建立了人毛发样本中地西泮、去甲地西泮和奥沙西泮内标HPLC法,具备操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好等特点,为该类药物的毛发等生物样本的筛查及检验提供参考和帮助。
Agilent Technologies 1260高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司);2150T超声波清洗器(上海安谱科学仪器有限公司);BT25S十万分之一电子天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司);恒温水浴锅(上海羌强仪器设备有限公司);XW-80A涡旋混合器(上海医大仪器有限公司);N-EVAP-112氮吹仪(Organomation公司);超纯水机(Millipore公司);Sartorius SIGMA 2-6台式离心机(Sigma公司)。
对照品地西泮(1.000±0.006 mg·mL-1)、去甲地西泮(1.000±0.006 mg·mL-1)、奥沙西泮(1.000±0.006 mg·mL-1)、氯硝西泮(1.000±0.006 mg·mL-1)购自上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;硼砂购自上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;甲醇(色谱纯)、乙腈(色谱纯)、磷酸(分析纯)、乙醚(分析纯)购自永华化学股份有限公司;乙酸乙酯(分析纯)、磷酸二氢钠(分析纯)、氢氧化钠(分析纯)、二氯甲烷(分析纯)购自上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司;去离子水由Millipore纯水仪制备。
该实验已经上海市同济医院伦理委员会审批通过[(同)伦审第(K-KYSB-2020-140)]。空白毛发样本来自实验室内近期无服药史的志愿者头发。真实毛发样本来自上海市同济医院有因失眠而不定期服用地西泮近一年(上海上药信宜药厂有限公司,每片2.5 mg)的住院患者,尽可能贴头皮采集头顶后部的头发(距发根部0~2 cm段),采集后的毛发包裹于铝箔纸中,常温保存。
取地西泮、去甲地西泮、奥沙西泮的对照品适量,用甲醇制备成浓度为1 mg·mL-1的混合标准品储备液。
取混合对照品储备液适量,用甲醇稀释得浓度分别为0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2.5、5 μg·mL-1的线性标准溶液。再用甲醇稀释成不同浓度的定量限、检测限与质控溶液,质量浓度分别为0.02、0.01、0.03 μg·mL-1(低浓度质控溶液)、0.4 μg·mL-1(中浓度质控溶液)、4 μg·mL-1(高浓度质控溶液),现用现配。
取氯硝西泮适量,用甲醇稀释并配制称质量浓度为20 μg·mL-1的内标溶液。
取空白毛发样本,分别用去离子水超声(600 W,40 kHz)清洗5 min,循环2次,再用二氯甲烷超声(600 W,40 kHz)清洗5 min,循环2次,于通风柜中过夜挥干。
将清洗后的毛发剪碎至约1~2 mm,取200 mg于离心管中,加入混合标准盘溶液1 mL、内标溶液50 μL和pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液10 mL,超声(600 W,40 kHz)处理1 h,加入乙酸乙酯10 mL,涡旋仪振摇1 min后2 500 r·min-1离心3 min,取有机相,氮吹仪吹干,加甲醇200 μL复溶,移至液相小瓶,进样分析。
取志愿者提供的空白毛发样本200 mg,共3份,在5 μg·mL-1地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮标准品溶液中浸泡(模拟药物经汗腺分泌及被动污染进入毛发的方式,不能模拟经血液循环的进入方式[15-16]),浸泡7 d。密封后于4 ℃冰箱内保存。
采用Athena C18-WP(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(磷酸调pH至3.4)-乙腈(30∶43∶27)为流动相,柱温50 ℃,流速0.7 mL·min-1,运行时间30 min,进样体积20 μL,检测波长254 nm。
取0.02 μg·mL-1标准工作溶液按,照“2.2.2”项方法处理毛发样本(0.1 ng·mg-1),按“2.4”项下条件进样测定,地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮及内标氯硝西泮能够良好分离,保留时间分别为(24.8±0.2) min、(19.0±0.2) min、(12.9±0.2) min、(12.4±0.2) min。在此条件下,毛发中内源性物质对上述4种药物的测定均无干扰。见图1
取0.02 μg·mL-1标准工作溶液,按照“2.2.2”项处理毛发样本(0.1 ng·mg-1),按“2.4”项下条件进样测定,分别在柱温48、49、50 ℃及检测波长253、254、255 nm波长下连续进样2次测定,计算分析物成分面积的平均值。其中,地西泮、去甲地西泮、奥沙西泮分别在柱温48、49、50 ℃条件下的峰面积RSD为0.91%、2.0%、1.8%;在253、254、255 nm条件下的峰面积RSD为1.5%、0.43%、1.2%。表明在测定条件下,柱温和波长的轻微变动对实验结果影响不大,系统耐用性良好。
精密吸取各浓度标准工作溶液1 mL,分别加入至200 mg空白毛发样本中(分别对应0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2.5、5、12.5、25 ng·mg-1),加内标溶液50 μL,pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液10 mL,超声仪超声(600 W,40 kHz)1 h,取出后加入乙酸乙酯10 mL,涡旋振摇1 min,并以2 500 r·min-1离心3 min后,取有机相,氮吹仪吹干,甲醇200 μL复溶,移液枪移至液相小瓶中。
按“2.4”项下条件进样测定,以目标物峰面积与内标峰面积比值(Y)对目标物质量浓度(X)进行线性回归。3种药物的标准曲线及线性范围见表1,表明该3种药物在相应的质量浓度范围内线性良好。
通过确立检测限和定量限以评价方法灵敏度。检测限和定量限的计算方法是将低浓度分析物的测量信号与空白样品的测量信号进行比较;检测限浓度信号噪声比应为10,定量限检出限信噪比应为3。本法的检测限为0.1 ng·mg-1,定量限为0.05 ng·mg-1
取混合标准品储备液适量,用甲醇稀释为0.03、0.4、4 μg·mL-1的混合标准品溶液,精密吸取混合对照品溶液各1 mL,分别加入至200 mg空白毛发样本中,加内标溶液50 μL,pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液10 mL,超声(600 W,40 kHz) 1 h,取出后加入乙酸乙酯10 mL,涡旋振摇1 min,并以2 500 r·min-1离心3 min后,取有机相,氮吹仪吹干,甲醇200 μL复溶,移液枪移至液相小瓶中。
随行建立标曲计算组内(每个浓度点进行6次重复试验)和组间(4组)的实际浓度。准确度为实际浓度与理论浓度之比。结果如表2所示,可见该方法的批内、批间准确度均在85%~115%,精密度在±15%区间内,符合方法学要求。
提取回收率按照提取前添加与提取后添加的分析物信号比计算。
提取前添加:精密吸取0.03、0.4、4 μg·mL-1的混合标准品溶液各1 mL,分别加入至200 mg空白毛发样本中,加内标溶液50 μL,pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液10 mL,按照“2.2.2”进行前处理,所得的样品信号响应值为A
提取后添加:不添加标准工作溶液,直接在200 mg空白毛发样本中加内标溶液50 μL,pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液10 mL,按照“2.2.2”进行前处理后取有机相,氮吹仪吹干,用质量浓度为0.15、2、20 μg·mL-1的混合标准品溶液200 μL复溶,所得的样品信号响应值为B
每个浓度点平行6份,提取回收率为AB的比值,即A/B×100%,结果见表3。结果显示对高中低浓度的质控样品的提取回收率稳定,RSD在15%以内。
精密吸取浓度为0.03、0.4、4 μg·mL-1的混合标准品溶液各1 mL,分别加入至200 mg空白毛发样本中,按照“2.2.2”进行前处理后,将制备的样品放置在进样盘上,室温下分析,评估样品采集过程中分析物的稳定性。以同一批次内0 h测得的浓度为对照组,第6、12、18、24 h为试验组。若同一批次内分析物的回收率在85%~115%,且RSD在0~15%区间内,则认为在相同条件下,分析物稳定,结果见表4。结果显示,室温条件下,分析物在0~24 h采集过程中保持稳定。
将“2.3”项下模拟带药毛发样本,按照“2.2.2”项(不添加标准溶液)进行毛发前处理,按“2.4”项条件进样检测,色谱图如图2所示。地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮浓度分别是(1.645±0.025) ng·mg-1、(0.985±0.01) ng·mg-1、(1.785±0.085) ng·mg-1
将采集到的真实毛发样本,按照“2.2.2”项(不添加标准溶液)进行毛发前处理,按“2.4”项条件进样检测,色谱图如图3所示。计算得出,地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮浓度分别是(0.307±0.016) ng·mg-1、(0.244±0.012) ng·mg-1、(0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1
毛发样本前处理较为复杂,一般要先采用水解法(酸水解、碱水解、酶解法)、超声法或孵育法等将药物释放出来,再采用液液萃取法或固相萃取法等进行提取纯化。本文中拟采用超声法结合液液萃取法对毛发中的药物进行提取。
查询文献后得知,提取溶液多为磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.6)、磷酸缓冲液(pH 8.4)[17-18]和硼砂缓冲液(pH 9.2)[16]。因此本研究以加入25 ng·mg-1混合标准储备液的毛发样本为实验对象,考察了这3种提取溶液的提取效率(n=3),结果如图4所示,这3种提取溶液的提取效率无统计学上差异,但是由于pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液出峰面积相对较大,且RSD最小,因此确定pH 9.2硼砂缓冲液作为提取溶剂。
此外,本研究也考差了液液萃取过程中不同萃取溶剂乙醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯对提取效率的影响。结果如图5显示,乙酸乙酯出峰面积最大,并且在统计学上具有显著性差异(P<0.05,n=3),因此确定乙酸乙酯作为萃取溶剂。
本研究建立了一种同时测定毛发中地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮的特异性强,灵敏度高的HPLC分析方法;该方法的优点是步骤简便且宜于推广。本方法定量限为0.1 ng·mg-1,检测限为0.05 ng·mg-1,已满足德国交通心理协会/德国交通医学协会(German Society for Traffic Psychology/German Society for Traffic Medicine,DGVP/DGVM)建议的LOD要求,即0.05 ng·mg-1[3];且与使用了价格高昂的质谱仪器的方法检测限相差不大[812],但具有更高的普遍性。尽管毛发分析应用越来越多,药物进入毛发的确切机制仍在讨论中。目前认为药物主要通过血管的被动扩散穿透毛囊底部的生长细胞进入毛发,也可以通过汗液、皮脂腺分泌物或细胞隔间的扩散沉积在毛干中[14]。因此,基于此机制模拟带药毛发样本,顺利地检测到了毛发中地西泮、奥沙西泮、去甲西泮的药物含量,证明了方法的可行性[14]。在实际毛发样本检测中,也成功检测到了地西泮及其代谢物去甲西泮、奥沙西泮,浓度分别是(0.307±0.016) ng·mg-1、(0.244±0.012) ng·mg-1、(0.478±0.053) ng·mg-1。其中C去甲西泮/C地西泮为0.795,与文献中报道的C去甲西泮/C地西泮范围0.0056~26相符[3]
本研究通过优化毛发前处理方法和液相色谱参数,建立了一种毛发中地西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮的HPLC分析方法。并按照FDA生物样品分析方法验证指南对该方法进行了准确度和灵敏度等方面的评价。该方法前处理简便、快捷,灵敏度相对较高,且具有良好的线性关系,同时液相色谱仪普及率较高,因此该方法推广性较强,提供了较可靠的实验室技术支持。
  • *上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1443600)
  • 上海市临床药学重点专科建设项目(沪卫计药政〔2018〕8号)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024.03.06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-03-31
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  • 修回日期:2024-02-26
基金
*上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1443600)
上海市临床药学重点专科建设项目(沪卫计药政〔2018〕8号)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学中药研究所,上海201203
    2.同济大学附属同济医院药剂科,上海 200065

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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