Article(id=1206272758502191541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1249, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765527437090, onlineDateStr=2025-12-12, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765527437090, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765527437090, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765527437090, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206272755658453329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='739', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765527436411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531454840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206289610234196753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206289610234196754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=915, endPage=920, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206272758846124490, articleId=1206272758502191541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Analysis of the influence of adsorbed moisture on DSC method for detecting drug purity, columnId=1206272758774821315, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Standard Deliberation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the effect of adsorbed moisture on drug purity determination by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Methods: The DSC analysis for drug purity was performed with a heating rate of 0.5℃ · min-1 under a nitrogen atmosphere (drying gas flow rate: 50 mL · min-1). The optimized method reduced by 10 ℃ than the conventional method and included an additional heating segment at 1 ℃ · min-1 for 10 min, while other parameters remained unchanged. Results: Without pre-drying, the conventional DSC method accurately determined the purity of imidazole, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and neostigmine methylsulfate samples with adsorbed moisture below 7%. After optimization, the method further eliminated moisture interference, allowing accurate analysis of samples with adsorbed moisture below 8%. Conclusion: Adsorbed moisture may affect DSC-based purity analysis. For general samples with a melting point above 80 ℃ and adsorbed moisture below 7%, pre-drying is unnecessary. The optimized method further reduces the impact of adsorbed moisture.

, correspAuthors=Jiong ZHU, Hua CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi LIU, Rui WU, Xian-hui GUO, Jiong ZHU, Hua CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1206272760758727183, articleId=1206272758502191541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=吸附水分影响DSC法测定药物纯度的分析, columnId=1206272758971953622, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=标准研讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探讨吸附水分对差示扫描量热(DSC)法测定药物纯度的影响。方法:药物纯度DSC测定的升温速率为0.5 ℃·min-1,气氛为氮气,干燥气为50 mL·min-1;优化后的方法起始温度较常规方法提前10 ℃,并增设速率为1 ℃·min-1的升温程序10 min,其余参数不变。结果:无需干燥处理试样,常规DSC法可以准确测定吸附水分小于7%的咪唑、盐酸去氧肾上腺素和甲硫酸新斯的明试样的纯度。方法优化后进一步排除吸附水分干扰,吸附水分小于8%的上述试样均可以准确分析。结论:吸附水分可能影响DSC法纯度分析的结果,熔融温度高于80 ℃且吸附水分小于7%的一般试样无需干燥处理,优化后的方法可进一步降低吸附水分的影响。

, correspAuthors=朱炯, 陈华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈华 Tel:(010)53851622;E-mail:;
朱烱 Tel:(010)53852616;E-mail:
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Tel:(010)53851579;E-mail:

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A.咪唑(imidazole) B.盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride) C.甲硫新斯的明(neostigmine methylsulfate)

, figureFileSmall=PqddahzYasc6Qo1jjpGu4Q==, figureFileBig=1VLuJ2/gYfKSKRalgkwUuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300929473708607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The influence of the adsorbed moisture on DSC drug purity analysis, figureFileSmall=h4FEHmQURnSIFIw32Z0uQw==, figureFileBig=ZI9D8iBs9+zMgcXGMGFDjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300929603732039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=CN, label=图2, caption=吸附水分对DSC法药物纯度分析的影响, figureFileSmall=h4FEHmQURnSIFIw32Z0uQw==, figureFileBig=ZI9D8iBs9+zMgcXGMGFDjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300929733755471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparative analysis of the influence of adsorbed moisture on DSC purity analysis, figureFileSmall=mKWkNnjfK2D86Lz3cx7Rtg==, figureFileBig=47vM7MyonxGfBqOOBmjbGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300929817641559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=CN, label=图3, caption=吸附水分影响DSC纯度分析的对比, figureFileSmall=mKWkNnjfK2D86Lz3cx7Rtg==, figureFileBig=47vM7MyonxGfBqOOBmjbGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300929935082079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

The samples for purity analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样
(sample)
批号
(lot No.)
水分含量
(water content)/%
咪唑(imidazole)100045-2013040,3.9,5.0,5.9,7.0,8.0,8.4~9.3
盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)100261-2014030,0.5,1.0,1.2,2.0,3.0,3.9,5.0,7.1,7.7~8.8
甲硫酸新斯的明(neostigmine methylsulfate)100550-2004010,1.0,6.0,7.1,8.1
), ArticleFig(id=1206300930031551073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纯度分析试样情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样
(sample)
批号
(lot No.)
水分含量
(water content)/%
咪唑(imidazole)100045-2013040,3.9,5.0,5.9,7.0,8.0,8.4~9.3
盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)100261-2014030,0.5,1.0,1.2,2.0,3.0,3.9,5.0,7.1,7.7~8.8
甲硫酸新斯的明(neostigmine methylsulfate)100550-2004010,1.0,6.0,7.1,8.1
), ArticleFig(id=1206300930090271335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Conventional DSC purity analysis for representative samples with hygroscopicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
咪唑(imidazole)盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)甲硫新斯的明(neostigmine methylsulfate)
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
0100.0099.9099.8
3.999.91.099.96.099.7
5.999.92.099.97.199.8
7.099.93.099.98.199.9
3.999.9
5.099.9
7.1100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1206300930182546029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

常规DSC法纯度分析具引湿性的代表性样品

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
咪唑(imidazole)盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)甲硫新斯的明(neostigmine methylsulfate)
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
0100.0099.9099.8
3.999.91.099.96.099.7
5.999.92.099.97.199.8
7.099.93.099.98.199.9
3.999.9
5.099.9
7.1100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1206300930279015029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Optimized DSC purity analysis for representative samples with hygroscopicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
咪唑(imidazole)盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
099.98.9100.0099.97.799.9
099.98.9100.0099.98.0100.0
0100.09.3100.0099.98.1100.0
0100.08.8100.00100.08.2100.0
0100.08.8100.00100.08.0100.0
099.98.499.9099.98.199.9
099.98.8100.0099.97.999.9
099.98.7100.0099.98.899.9
0100.08.899.9099.98.0100.0
099.98.9100.0099.98.0100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1206300930383872634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272758502191541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

优化DSC法纯度分析具引湿性的代表性样品(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
咪唑(imidazole)盐酸去氧肾上腺素(phenylephrine hydrochloride)
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
水分
(moisture)/%
纯度
(purity)/%
099.98.9100.0099.97.799.9
099.98.9100.0099.98.0100.0
0100.09.3100.0099.98.1100.0
0100.08.8100.00100.08.2100.0
0100.08.8100.00100.08.0100.0
099.98.499.9099.98.199.9
099.98.8100.0099.97.999.9
099.98.7100.0099.98.899.9
0100.08.899.9099.98.0100.0
099.98.9100.0099.98.0100.0
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吸附水分影响DSC法测定药物纯度的分析
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刘毅 1 , 吴锐 1, 2 , 郭贤辉 1 , 朱炯 1, * , 陈华 1, *
药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2025,45(5): 915-920
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药物分析杂志 | 标准研讨 2025, 45(5): 915-920
吸附水分影响DSC法测定药物纯度的分析
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刘毅1 , 吴锐1, 2, 郭贤辉1, 朱炯1, * , 陈华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
  • 2.烟台大学药学院,烟台 264005
  • Tel:(010)53851579;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陈华 Tel:(010)53851622;E-mail:;
朱烱 Tel:(010)53852616;E-mail:
Analysis of the influence of adsorbed moisture on DSC method for detecting drug purity
Yi LIU1 , Rui WU1, 2, Xian-hui GUO1, Jiong ZHU1, * , Hua CHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1249
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目的:探讨吸附水分对差示扫描量热(DSC)法测定药物纯度的影响。方法:药物纯度DSC测定的升温速率为0.5 ℃·min-1,气氛为氮气,干燥气为50 mL·min-1;优化后的方法起始温度较常规方法提前10 ℃,并增设速率为1 ℃·min-1的升温程序10 min,其余参数不变。结果:无需干燥处理试样,常规DSC法可以准确测定吸附水分小于7%的咪唑、盐酸去氧肾上腺素和甲硫酸新斯的明试样的纯度。方法优化后进一步排除吸附水分干扰,吸附水分小于8%的上述试样均可以准确分析。结论:吸附水分可能影响DSC法纯度分析的结果,熔融温度高于80 ℃且吸附水分小于7%的一般试样无需干燥处理,优化后的方法可进一步降低吸附水分的影响。

差示扫描量热法  /  纯度分析  /  吸附水分影响  /  方法优化

Objective: To investigate the effect of adsorbed moisture on drug purity determination by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Methods: The DSC analysis for drug purity was performed with a heating rate of 0.5℃ · min-1 under a nitrogen atmosphere (drying gas flow rate: 50 mL · min-1). The optimized method reduced by 10 ℃ than the conventional method and included an additional heating segment at 1 ℃ · min-1 for 10 min, while other parameters remained unchanged. Results: Without pre-drying, the conventional DSC method accurately determined the purity of imidazole, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and neostigmine methylsulfate samples with adsorbed moisture below 7%. After optimization, the method further eliminated moisture interference, allowing accurate analysis of samples with adsorbed moisture below 8%. Conclusion: Adsorbed moisture may affect DSC-based purity analysis. For general samples with a melting point above 80 ℃ and adsorbed moisture below 7%, pre-drying is unnecessary. The optimized method further reduces the impact of adsorbed moisture.

differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)  /  purity analysis  /  influence of adsorbed moisture  /  method optimization
刘毅, 吴锐, 郭贤辉, 朱炯, 陈华. 吸附水分影响DSC法测定药物纯度的分析. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 915 -920 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1249
Yi LIU, Rui WU, Xian-hui GUO, Jiong ZHU, Hua CHEN. Analysis of the influence of adsorbed moisture on DSC method for detecting drug purity[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 915 -920 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1249
差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)法是在程序控温和一定气氛下,测量输给供试品与参比物的热流速率或加热功率(差)与温度(或时间)关系的技术[1],目前在化学标准物质等主体研究中经常采用[2-3],DSC纯度分析法是药物含量分析中滴定法、色谱法等常规方法的有益补充[4-5],已经逐渐成为药品检验工作中不可或缺的方法之一[6-7]。化学药品及其标准物质中所含千分之几的杂质已引起药品质控研究人员的关注,但对于其中所含可能近百分之几的水分仍然未足够重视。具引湿性的样品常常因为吸附水分的影响困扰着质控分析人员,这一难题尤其在高湿度的环境氛围表现更加凸显。潮湿季节时实验室环境的湿度常在60%以上,南方实验室日常湿度可能更高,必须考虑相关具引湿性药品拆封后续分析过程中吸附水分的影响。
本研究选取引湿性较强、吸附水分可增加至药品标准限度之上(无结晶水),且熔点靠近水沸点的代表性品种,针对性地开展吸附水分影响DSC法测定药物纯度的研究。弱碱性的咪唑(熔点89 ℃)常被用作抗真菌药、抗霉剂等,在药物的水分分析中作为卡氏试剂的组分用于阻止发生副反应,但其本身的引湿性较强,RH 80%环境氛围2 h引湿增重达到10%。盐酸去氧肾上腺素(熔点142 ℃)常用于休克治疗,RH 60%环境明显引湿,随着湿度氛围的增加可引湿增重达20%;常用的抗胆碱酯酶药甲硫新斯的明(熔点146 ℃),水中极易溶解,引湿性情况与上述盐酸去氧肾上腺素相近。3种代表性的化学药品在临床和药物分析领域内应用价值较大,但自身较强的水分吸附特性可能会影响相关的量效关系乃至安全稳定性,本次探索性研究为具引湿性品种的纯度分析提供了参考。
DSC差示扫描量热仪、MHG动态水分吸附仪、V305水分测定仪、40 µL标准铝坩埚(批号12200071),Mettler Toledo公司。
实验用样品均来自中国食品药品检定研究院的同源标准物质候选原料,见表1
采用热分析DSC法分析原料药纯度时,首先需要获取其热特征信息,其次DSC分析确认具有单一独立的熔融吸热峰,最后以升温速率0.5 ℃ · min-1精细分析样本的熔融区间获得纯度[8-9]。基于水分对DSC法熔点分析的影响研究,进一步探讨相关纯度分析的影响。咪唑、盐酸去氧肾上腺素和甲硫新斯的明3种药物的典型DSC分析曲线见图1
分别称取咪唑、盐酸去氧肾上腺素试样1~3 mg,并制成不同水分含量的样品(见表1)。针对性地考察吸附水分的影响,因此专门采用密封坩埚以锁住水分的挥发,分析样本的纯度受影响情况。
随着水分增加,样品的纯度分析结果会逐渐下降。如图2所示,咪唑样本的水分增至8%时,纯度分析结果下降1%,进一步引湿达到9%时已经无法分析纯度;盐酸去氧肾上腺素的样本水分近3%时,纯度分析结果下降了2%,进一步引湿的样本也无法再次分析纯度。甲硫新斯的明的分析情况再次应验了吸附水分对样本纯度分析的影响,吸附水分0.7%时,纯度分析结果降低了0.7%,样本进一步引湿的水分为1.6%时已经无法分析纯度。
上述研究已经反映,吸附水分可能导致样品的纯度分析结果降低。采用DSC法进行样品的纯度分析,以0.5 ℃ · min-1的升温速率扫描分析样品的熔融区间[9],不同水分的咪唑、盐酸去氧肾上腺素和甲硫新斯的明样品的纯度分析结果见表2
研究表明:与干燥处理后的样品(水分0%)相比较,咪唑和盐酸去氧肾上腺素水分低于7%的样品DSC纯度分析结果差异小于0.1%,基本一致;甲硫新斯的明水分为8%时与干燥后的样品DSC纯度分析结果无显著性差异。可见一般吸附水分不大于7%且原料药熔点高于80 ℃的样品,直接采用常规DSC纯度分析法[8],既节省了专门需求干燥处理样品的时间,同时也解决了具引湿性样品干燥后恢复常温时易发生的复引湿难题。
咪唑样品水分小于7%时,纯度分析升温速率较慢,分析时间较长,水分已持续蒸发,对结果影响较小。而引湿导致其水分大于7%时,观察到水分已经严重影响到了样品,肉眼可见性状的改变,常规热分析的DSC曲线也因为尖刺和可能的重结晶放热等产生异常的熔融吸热峰,必然干扰DSC纯度分析结果,无法准确检查纯度。ASTM研究并规定纯度分析升温速率需在0.3~0.7 ℃ · min-1[9],优化后的方法升速率仍然保持0.5 ℃ · min-1,但降低了方法的起始温度,延长了样品的加热处理时间。在常规方法上增设一段70~80 ℃过程的1 ℃ · min-1升温程序,之后80~92 ℃再采用0.5 ℃ · min-1的升温速率分析纯度。研究显示,优化后的方法可准确分析吸附水分接近9%的咪唑样品纯度,与常规DSC法分析干燥处理后的样品比较,纯度分析结果相差在0.1%以内,结果如表3。2种方法纯度分析结果通过t检验,P=0.07(P>0.05),无显著性差异,所以可认为,优化过的DSC纯度分析法可准确检测水分达9%的咪唑样品纯度。
依照咪唑程序控温调整的思路,优化盐酸去氧肾上腺素的DSC纯度分析方法:增加设置熔融前120~130 ℃过程的1 ℃ · min-1升温程序,之后130~144 ℃再采用0.5 ℃ · min-1的升温速率分析纯度,即可准确分析水分达8%的盐酸去氧肾上腺素样品。与干燥后的样品DSC纯度分析结果比较,差异小于0.1%,结果如表3。2种方法纯度分析结果应用t检验,P=0.08(P>0.05),无显著性差异,故认为优化方法DSC纯度分析水分约8%的盐酸去氧肾上腺素样品的结果可靠。
咪唑和盐酸去氧肾上腺素的研究提示,比较常规的DSC纯度分析方法,在样品熔融10 ℃前增设一段1 ℃ · min-1的升温程序,之后再以0.5 ℃ · min-1升温速率扫描分析样品的熔融温度范围,可以进一步排除含量高达8%的吸附水分影响。而甲硫新斯的明因为熔点较高,常规DSC纯度分析法即可准确分析水分在8%以内的样品纯度(见表3)。
水分不仅影响着药物的稳定性,也直接关联着质控分析中药品及其标准物质的量值。DSC法纯度分析时,吸附水分对样品熔点低于或接近于水沸点(100 ℃)的结果影响较大,本研究显示(如图2)随着样本水分的增加,其DSC纯度分析结果呈趋势性下降。
基于DSC纯度分析方法的原理进一步关注样品熔融过程的物相转变,不同样本的DSC纯度分析结果受水分的影响程度大相径庭,影响正相关于主成分与水分的相变所致热焓的差异,二者相变热焓差异越大的影响就越大,常常通过化学结构的分子量差异进行简单的初步判断。DSC纯度分析法的理论基础是范德霍夫方程,化学药品标准物质的杂质通常为降解产物、中间产物等,大多数为主成分化学结构相似的同系物。聚焦吸附的水分影响DSC法纯度分析的研究中,密封坩埚阻止水分的加热蒸发,以更好地观察这种影响(见图2)。水的相对分子质量为18,咪唑的相对分子质量为68.08,水分为8%时,纯度分析结果与原样相比下降1%;盐酸去氧肾上腺素分子量203.67 g · mol-1;水分为3%时,纯度结果降低2%,甲硫新斯的明分子量334.39 g · mol-1;水分为0.7%时,结果已降低近1%;水分为2%时,纯度已经无法分析(见图2)。在纯度分析过程中,水分会作为杂质参与分析计算,对结果影响较大。3个品种中甲硫新斯的明纯度分析结果是由水分引入偏差最大的品种,因为大概率其杂质也是与水分结构相差最大的。与传统液相纯度分析中主成分与杂质的响应因子差值越大分析结果偏差就越大类似,DSC纯度分析中主成分与水分化学结构相差越大,因而吸附水分因素引入的偏差很可能就越大,这也提示对此类具引湿性化学药品标准物质进行纯度分析时应严控工作环境的水分吸附干扰。
DSC纯度分析过程中,熔融温度较低的样品在分析其低温熔程的热焓转变时很难克服水分挥发带入的影响,熔点较高时更容易提前消除水分以实现同系物杂质共熔体系的热力学纯度分析。本次代表性的样品研究显示,熔融温度高于80 ℃、吸附水分在7%以内的样品,无需干燥处理,可直接采用热分析DSC法进行纯度分析[8],最终以0.5 ℃ · min-1升温速率精细分析窄窗口的样品熔融过程(结果见图3)。可以优化方法,通过设置控温程序适当增长样品的加热,最大程度排除水分干扰,一般可准确分析水分达8%的具引湿性样品的纯度,考虑到品种引湿性和熔融温度不同,可解决的水分或有变动。优化的方法节省了一般方法中干燥处理样品的时间,有效解决了具引湿性样品冷却过程中的反复吸附水分难题,具有参考应用价值。
应用DSC法开展纯度分析时,水分可能会参与样品的熔融过程,研究结果显示随着水分的增加,纯度分析结果呈现不同程度的下降,提示在质控分析的研究过程中应注意水分的影响。DSC纯度分析法的应用中无法准确计算水分,仅能体现出受水分影响的大致趋势。一般可通过优化DSC法的程序控温,排除水分干扰从而达到准确分析的目的,故应慎重考量一些学者关于DSC法分析药品绝对含量的认知。
影响药品稳定性的水分可视为纯度分析中的特殊杂质,药品质控分析人员应重点关注其对物质纯度分析的影响。本研究提示日常质量控制研究中,应注重实验室内温湿度的记录,尤其对于具有引湿性的品种更需重视,应尽量控制环境湿度,避免样品引入水分影响分析。可根据样品的引湿性强弱和熔点高低,有针对性地优化检测方法,减少烘箱干燥至恒重所需时间,节约珍贵稀缺的化学药品标准物质,降低检测成本,准确应用DSC法分析样品的纯度。
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doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1249
  • 接收时间:2024-11-05
  • 首发时间:2025-12-12
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05
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    1.中国食品药品检定研究院,北京 102629
    2.烟台大学药学院,烟台 264005

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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