Article(id=1206272760242831897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725206400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765527437506, onlineDateStr=2025-12-12, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765527437506, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765527437506, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765527437506, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1206272755658453329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='739', pageEnd='920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1765527436411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765531454840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1206289610234196753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1206289610234196754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, issueId=1206272755658453329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=867, endPage=879, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1206272760473518620, articleId=1206272760242831897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=EN, title=Application of genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the development of selective medium for the enumeration of multi-strain microecological preparation, columnId=1206272756979659107, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, columnName=Bioassay, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To establish a selective culture medium screening method for counting viable bacteria from multi-strain microecological preparation based on gene and metabolic pathway analysis, in order to solve the problem of mutual interference in the measurement of counting viable bacteria. Methods: By analyzing the genomic scale metabolic network, the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium infantis were quickly predicted. Based on the prediction results,suitable types and concentrations of antibiotics with resistance differences among the four microorganisms were screened and added to the culture medium, effectively inhibiting the growth of interfering microorganisms and ensuring accurate and effective counting results. Simultaneously, conventional drug sensitivity experiments results were used to ensure and compare with this method. Results: In the process of viable counting for multi-strain microecological preparation, this method effectively eliminated the interference of Enterococcus faecalis on the counting of Lactobacillus acidophilus live bacteria and the interference of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis on the counting of Bifidobacterium infant, and the counting results were accurate and reliable of each microorganism. Conclusion: The method has strong foresight and specificity. Genomic analysis and metabolic pathway analysis can effectively predict microbial antibiotic resistance, and experimental design based on the predicted results will greatly accelerate experimental efficiency, making the results more predictive and accurate,and has broad application prospects in selective culture medium screening for counting viable bacteria from multi-strain microecological preparation.

, correspAuthors=Bo DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Sheng XING, Dan-yang FENG, Zhen SHEN, Wen-hong HU, Ying LI, Bo DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1206272762339983949, articleId=1206272760242831897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, language=CN, title=基因药敏技术在多联微生态制剂活菌计数用选择性培养基开发中的应用, columnId=1206272757600416118, journalTitle=药物分析杂志, columnName=生物检定, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:建立一种基于基因药敏和代谢通路分析的微生态活菌制品活菌计数用选择性培养基筛选方法,以解决多联活菌制品含量测定时活菌之间相互干扰,点计困难,结果不准确的问题。方法:以双歧杆菌四联活菌制品为例,通过基因组规模代谢网络分析,快速预测蜡样芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的抗生素敏感性,筛选出在4种微生物中存在抗性差异的抗生素作为添加剂,制备选择性培养基,用于多联制品的活菌含量测定。结果:基于基因药敏技术筛选出的选择性培养基用于四联活菌制品计数时,有效消除了其他活菌对嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的干扰,保证每种成分菌计数结果的准确性。结论:基因药敏及代谢通路分析可以快速预测多种微生物之间抗生素的抗性差异,结果准确、快速,大大地降低了工作量,在选择性培养基筛选方面有广泛的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=丁勃, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* Tel:(0531)81216758;E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZhDIS5oQ17RYfSAa455aWg==, magXml=+CFlPkSXPpCfPw5AgZtOhw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DRYf3h4Jw5ANKeCscUPv0A==, pdfFileSize=6106262, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PJFDMeBqrWqDQ2rbsq/L1Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=geptGyyTPL/RdzsDFGIqGw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

Tel:(0531)81216761;E-mail:

, authorsList=邢晟, 冯丹阳, 沈振, 胡文红, 李颖, 丁勃)}, authors=[Author(id=1206300930048324099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xingsheng0412@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930157376012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930048324099, language=EN, stringName=Sheng XING, firstName=Sheng, middleName=null, lastName=XING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930283205137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930048324099, language=CN, stringName=邢晟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101, bio={"content":"

Tel:(0531)81216761;E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

Tel:(0531)81216761;E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)])]), Author(id=1206300930392257047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930501308959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930392257047, language=EN, stringName=Dan-yang FENG, firstName=Dan-yang, middleName=null, lastName=FENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China
2. School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930610360867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930392257047, language=CN, stringName=冯丹阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101
2.中国药科大学生物药物学院,南京 211112, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1206300929737945581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929746334191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929737945581, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929754722800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929737945581, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国药科大学生物药物学院,南京 211112)])]), Author(id=1206300930719412777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930803298865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930719412777, language=EN, stringName=Zhen SHEN, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300930899767860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300930719412777, language=CN, stringName=沈振, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)])]), Author(id=1206300931000431160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931109483072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931000431160, language=EN, stringName=Wen-hong HU, firstName=Wen-hong, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931189174851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931000431160, language=CN, stringName=胡文红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)])]), Author(id=1206300931281449545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931369529938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931281449545, language=EN, stringName=Ying LI, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. Hangzhou Yuanda Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311227 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931436638808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931281449545, language=CN, stringName=李颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.杭州远大生物制药有限公司,杭州 311227, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929968632317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929972826622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929968632317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Hangzhou Yuanda Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311227 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929981215231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929968632317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.杭州远大生物制药有限公司,杭州 311227)])]), Author(id=1206300931524719195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=13791051023@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931663131232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931524719195, language=EN, stringName=Bo DING, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China
3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1206300931780571753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, authorId=1206300931524719195, language=CN, stringName=丁勃, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, *, address=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101
3.山东大学药学院,济南 250012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1206300929851191799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929859580408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929851191799, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929863774713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929851191799, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东大学药学院,济南 250012)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1206300931990286962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=microecological preparation), Keyword(id=1206300932074173047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=viable count), Keyword(id=1206300932195807870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=gene metabolism network), Keyword(id=1206300932397134465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=antibiotic resistance genes), Keyword(id=1206300932481020548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=drug sensitivity testing), Keyword(id=1206300932598461064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=微生态制剂), Keyword(id=1206300932690735757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=活菌计数), Keyword(id=1206300932787204751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=基因代谢网络), Keyword(id=1206300933982581396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=抗生素抗性基因), Keyword(id=1206300934091633304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=药敏试验)], refs=[Reference(id=1206300937040229135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=773, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=邢晟, 王淑华, 胡文红, journalName=中国新药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邢晟,王淑华,胡文红,等.益生菌制剂开发及相关质量标准构建策略 [J].中国新药杂志202130(9):773, articleTitle=益生菌制剂开发及相关质量标准构建策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300937111532308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=9, pageStart=773, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=XING S, WANG SH, HU WH, journalName=Chin J New Drugs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XING SWANG SHHU WHet al.Strategy for the development of probiotic preparations and the construction of related quality standards [J].Chin J New Drugs202130(9):773, articleTitle=Strategy for the development of probiotic preparations and the construction of related quality standards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300937199612698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=郑跃杰, 黄志华, 刘作义, journalName=中国实用儿科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑跃杰,黄志华,刘作义,等.微生态制剂儿科应用专家共识(2010年10月)[J].中国实用儿科杂志201126(1):20, articleTitle=微生态制剂儿科应用专家共识(2010年10月), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300937312858909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHENG YJ, HUAN ZH, LIU ZY, journalName=Chin J Pract Pediatr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG YJHUAN ZHLIU ZYet al.Expert consensus on pediatric application of microecological preparations(October 2010)[J].Chin J Pract Pediatr201126(1):20, articleTitle=Expert consensus on pediatric application of microecological preparations(October 2010), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300938504041249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=139, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=苏梦缘, 伍新叶, 朱曦, journalName=中南农业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏梦缘,伍新叶,朱曦,等.微生态制剂活菌的计数方法分析[J].中南农业科技202243(3):139, articleTitle=微生态制剂活菌的计数方法分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300938604704549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=3, pageStart=139, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=SU MY, WU XY, ZHU X, journalName=South Cent Agric Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU MYWU XYZHU Xet al.Analysis of counting methods for active microorganisms in microecological preparations [J].South Cent Agric Sci Technol202243(3):139, articleTitle=Analysis of counting methods for active microorganisms in microecological preparations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300938713756457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=10, pageStart=35, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=谢九艳, 赵婷, 高逸, journalName=食品与发酵工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢九艳,赵婷,高逸,等.发酵乳中乳酸菌的选择性计数及分离鉴定[J].食品与发酵工业202248(10):35, articleTitle=发酵乳中乳酸菌的选择性计数及分离鉴定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300938797642540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=10, pageStart=35, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=XIE JY, ZHAO T, GAO Y, journalName=Food Ferment Ind, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE JYZHAO TGAO Yet al.Selective counting and isolation identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk [J].Food Ferment Ind202248(10):35, articleTitle=Selective counting and isolation identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300938927665968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=443, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=中国食品科学技术学会益生菌分会, journalName=中国食品学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国食品科学技术学会益生菌分会.益生菌“量效关系”的科学综述[J].中国食品学报202222(7):443, articleTitle=益生菌“量效关系”的科学综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939066078003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=7, pageStart=443, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Probiotics Society of the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, journalName=J Chin Inst Food Sci Technol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Probiotics Society of the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology.A scientific review of the “dose-response relationship”of probiotics [J].J Chin Inst Food Sci Technol202222(7):443, articleTitle=A scientific review of the “dose-response relationship”of probiotics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939191907128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=209, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=胡朝晖, 朱庆义, 刘本荣, journalName=国际检验医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡朝晖,朱庆义,刘本荣,等.军团菌选择性分离培养基及其实用性比较研究[J].国际检验医学杂志200627(3):209, articleTitle=军团菌选择性分离培养基及其实用性比较研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939284181822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=209, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=HU CH, ZHU QY, LIU BR, journalName=Int J Lab Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU CHZHU QYLIU BRet al.Comparative study on selective isolation culture medium for Legionella and its practicality [J].Int J Lab Med200627(3):209, articleTitle=Comparative study on selective isolation culture medium for Legionella and its practicality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939389039424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=29, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=马筱玲, 中华医学会, 中华医学会微生物学与免疫学分会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马筱玲.2015年CLSI药敏试验执行标准主要更新[G]//中华医学会,中华医学会微生物学与免疫学分会.中华医学会第十二次全国临床微生物学术年会暨第十一次全球华人临床微生物学与感染症学术年会论文汇编,兰州.2015:29, articleTitle=2015年CLSI药敏试验执行标准主要更新, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939489702726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=29, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=MA XL, Chinese Medical Association, Society of Microbiology and Immunology, CMA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA XL.Major Updates to the 2015 CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards[G]// Chinese Medical Association,Society of Microbiology and Immunology,CMA.Compilation of Papers from the 12th National Annual Conference on Clinical Microbiology & the 11th Global Chinese Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,Lanzhou.2015:29, articleTitle=Major Updates to the 2015 CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939598754636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=REPORT E, journalName=EFSA J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REPORT E.Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking toolbox for the EFSA BIOHAZ Panel [J].EFSA J201513(1).doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3939, articleTitle=Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking toolbox for the EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939724583757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=60, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=刘玉庆, 李璐璐, 骆延波, journalName=中国质量与标准导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘玉庆,李璐璐,骆延波,等.EUCAST欧盟药敏试验标准[J].中国质量与标准导报201619(5):60, articleTitle=EUCAST欧盟药敏试验标准, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939833635665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=60, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LIU YQ, LI LL, LUO YB, journalName=China Qual Stand Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU YQLI LLLUO YBet al.EUCAST EU drug susceptibility testing standards [J].China Qual Stand Rev201619(5):60, articleTitle=EUCAST EU drug susceptibility testing standards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300939963659092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=郭世富, journalName=国外医药抗生素分册, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭世富.抗菌药物敏感性体外检测系统质量控制标准[J].国外医药抗生素分册201940(1):42, articleTitle=抗菌药物敏感性体外检测系统质量控制标准, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940085293910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=GUO SF, journalName=World Notes Antibiot, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO SF.Quality control standards for antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro detection system [J].World Notes Antibiot201940(1):42, articleTitle=Quality control standards for antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro detection system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940164985689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=2014, issue=9, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=李璐璐, 骆延波, 胡明, journalName=家禽科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李璐璐,骆延波,胡明,等.抗生素药敏试验国际标准比较 [J].家禽科学20142014(9):20, articleTitle=抗生素药敏试验国际标准比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940257260378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=2014, issue=9, pageStart=20, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LI LL, LUO YB, HU M, journalName=China Poul Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI LLLUO YBHU Met al.Comparison of international standards for antibiotic susceptibility testing [J].China Poul Sci20142014(9):20, articleTitle=Comparison of international standards for antibiotic susceptibility testing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940374700892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=15, pageStart=6740, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=ZHAO Y, YU L, TIAN F, journalName=Food Funct, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO YYU LTIAN Fet al.An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract [J].Food Funct202112(15):6740, articleTitle=An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940466975583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=61, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=22, authorNames=HU X, ZHAO Y, HAN PL, journalName=J Clin Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU XZHAO YHAN PLet al,Novel clinical mngs-based machine learning model for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter baumannii [J].J Clin Microbiol202361(5):e0180522, articleTitle=Novel clinical mngs-based machine learning model for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter baumannii, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940555055967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=69, issue=4, pageStart=316, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=AUSTIN I, ROMNEY H, journalName=Clin Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AUSTIN IROMNEY H.The genotype—phenotype conundrum for antimicrobial susceptibility testing [J].Clin Chem202369(4):316, articleTitle=The genotype—phenotype conundrum for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940638942051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=AGYEMAN WY, BISHT A, GOPINATH A, journalName=Cureus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AGYEMAN WYBISHT AGOPINATH Aet al.A systematic review of antibiotic resistance trends and treatment options for hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant infections[J].Cureus202214(10):e29956, articleTitle=A systematic review of antibiotic resistance trends and treatment options for hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant infections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940722828133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=1176, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=刘立明, 陈坚, journalName=生物工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘立明,陈坚.基因组规模代谢网络模型构建及其应用[J].生物工程学报201026(9):1176, articleTitle=基因组规模代谢网络模型构建及其应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940789937000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=9, pageStart=1176, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=LIU LM, CHEN J, journalName=Chin J Biotechnol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU LMCHEN J.Construction and application of genomic scale metabolic network model [J].Chin J Biotechnol201026(9):1176, articleTitle=Construction and application of genomic scale metabolic network model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940861240171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=1, issue=1, pageStart=18, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=LUO R, LIU B, XIE Y, journalName=Gigascience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO RLIU BXIE Yet al.SOAPdenovo2:an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler[J].Gigascience20121(1):18, articleTitle=SOAPdenovo2:an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300940949320559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=29, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=OGATA H, GOTO S, SATO K, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OGATA HGOTO SSATO Ket al.KEGG:kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes[J].Nucleic Acids Res199927(1):29, articleTitle=KEGG:kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941070955378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=32, issue=null, pageStart=258, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=CONSORTIUM GO, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CONSORTIUM GO.The Gene Ontology(GO)database and informatics resource[J].Nucleic Acids Res200432():258, articleTitle=The Gene Ontology(GO)database and informatics resource, refAbstract=suppl_1), Reference(id=1206300941138064244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=28, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=30, authorNames=TATUSOV RL, GALPERIN MY, NATALE DA, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TATUSOV RLGALPERIN MYNATALE DAet al.The COG database:a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution[J].Nucleic Acids Res200028(D1):D33, articleTitle=The COG database:a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941209367415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=43, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=CONSORTIUM UP, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CONSORTIUM UP.UniProt:a hub for protein information[J].Nucleic Acids Res201543(D1):D204, articleTitle=UniProt:a hub for protein information, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941268087673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=44, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=FINN RD, PENELOPE C, EBERHARDT RY, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FINN RDPENELOPE CEBERHARDT RYet al.The Pfam protein families database:towards a more sustainable future[J].Nucleic Acids Res201644(D1):D279, articleTitle=The Pfam protein families database:towards a more sustainable future, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941326807931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=ALCOCK BP, RAPHENYA AR, LAU TTY, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALCOCK BPRAPHENYA ARLAU TTYet al.CARD 2020:antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database[J].Nucleic Acids Res202048(D1):D517, articleTitle=CARD 2020:antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941398111100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=DRULA E, GARRON ML, DOGAN S, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRULA EGARRON MLDOGAN Set al.The carbohydrate-active enzyme database:functions and literature[J].Nucleic Acids Res202149(D1):D571, articleTitle=The carbohydrate-active enzyme database:functions and literature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941465219965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=D1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=35, authorNames=LIU B, ZHENG D, ZHOU S, journalName=Nucleic Acids Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU BZHENG DZHOU Set al.VFDB 2022:a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors[J].Nucleic Acids Res202250(D1):D912, articleTitle=VFDB 2022:a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941540717437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=6, pageStart=926, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=SUZEK BE, YUQI W, HONGZHAN H, journalName=Bioinformatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUZEK BEYUQI WHONGZHAN Het al.UniRef clusters:a comprehensive and scalable alternative for improving sequence similarity searches[J].Bioinformatics201531(6):926, articleTitle=UniRef clusters:a comprehensive and scalable alternative for improving sequence similarity searches, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941628797826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=741, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=HERNÁNDEZ-SALMERÓN EJ, MORENO-HAGELSIEB G, journalName=BMC Genomics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HERNÁNDEZ-SALMERÓN EJMORENO-HAGELSIEB G.Progress in quickly finding orthologs as reciprocal best hits:comparing blast,last,diamond and MMseqs2[J].BMC Genomics202021(1):741, articleTitle=Progress in quickly finding orthologs as reciprocal best hits:comparing blast,last,diamond and MMseqs2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941721072515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=59, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=38, authorNames=HUSON DH, BUCHFINK B, journalName=Nat Methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUSON DHBUCHFINK B.Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND[J].Nat Methods201512(1):59, articleTitle=Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300941788181379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=171, issue=1, pageStart=148, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=39, authorNames=SPEER BS, SALYERS AA, journalName=J Bacteriol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SPEER BSSALYERS AA.Novel aerobic tetracycline resistance gene that chemically modifies tetracycline[J].J Bacteriol1989171(1):148, articleTitle=Novel aerobic tetracycline resistance gene that chemically modifies tetracycline, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300942970975109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=279, issue=50, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=40, authorNames=YANG W, MOORE IF, KOTEVA KP, journalName=J Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG WMOORE IFKOTEVA KPet al.TetX is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics[J].J Biol Chem2004279(50):52346, articleTitle=TetX is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943059055495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=1860, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=41, authorNames=CROWE-MCAULIFFE C, MURINA V, TURNBULL KJ, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CROWE-MCAULIFFE CMURINA VTURNBULL KJet al.Structural basis for PoxtA-mediated resistance to phenicol and oxazolidinone antibiotics[J].Nat Commun202213(1):1860, articleTitle=Structural basis for PoxtA-mediated resistance to phenicol and oxazolidinone antibiotics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943138747273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=77, issue=5, pageStart=1228, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=42, authorNames=CHUNYAN X, NANNAN W, DEXI L, journalName=J Antimicrob Chemother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHUNYAN XNANNAN WDEXI Let al.Recombination events that occur in a poxtA-carrying Enterococcus faecium during the conjugation process[J].J Antimicrob Chemother202277(5):1228, articleTitle=Recombination events that occur in a poxtA-carrying Enterococcus faecium during the conjugation process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943201661835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=22, pageStart=2915, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=43, authorNames=崔兰卿, 吕媛, journalName=中国临床药理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔兰卿,吕媛.介导利奈唑胺耐药的新基因poxtA研究进展[J].中国临床药理学杂志201935(22):2915, articleTitle=介导利奈唑胺耐药的新基因poxtA研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943268770701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=22, pageStart=2915, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=44, authorNames=CUI LQ, LYU Y, journalName=Chin J Clin Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI LQLYU Y.Research progress of novel linezolid resistance gene poxtA[J].Chin J Clin Pharmacol201935(22):2915, articleTitle=Research progress of novel linezolid resistance gene poxtA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943331685263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=557, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=45, authorNames=POIREL L, JAYOL A, NORDMANN P, journalName=Clin Microbiol Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POIREL LJAYOL ANORDMANN P.Polymyxins:antibacterial activity,susceptibility testing,and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes[J].Clin Microbiol Rev201730(2):557, articleTitle=Polymyxins:antibacterial activity,susceptibility testing,and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943432348561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=4, issue=3, pageStart=482, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=46, authorNames=REYGAERT WC, journalName=AIMS Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REYGAERT WC.An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria[J].AIMS Microbiol20184(3):482, articleTitle=An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943566566291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=391, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=47, authorNames=李岩, 王晶, 张桂, journalName=疾病监测, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李岩,王晶,张桂,等.2012-2014年辽宁省大连市某医院分离粪肠球菌耐药性及多位点序列分析[J].疾病监测201833(5):391, articleTitle=2012-2014年辽宁省大连市某医院分离粪肠球菌耐药性及多位点序列分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943675618197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=391, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=48, authorNames=LI Y, WANG J, ZHANG G, journalName=Dis Surveil, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI YWANG JZHANG Get al.Drug resistance and multi site sequence analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a hospital in Dalian,Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2014 [J].Dis Surveil201833(5):391, articleTitle=Drug resistance and multi site sequence analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a hospital in Dalian,Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2014, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943772087191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=75, issue=8, pageStart=463, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=49, authorNames=LIU XM, ZHANG CQ, ZHAO YX, journalName=J Antibiot(Tokyo), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU XMZHANG CQZHAO YXet al.Comparison of antibacterial activities and resistance mechanisms of omadacycline and tigecycline against Enterococcus faecium [J].J Antibiot(Tokyo)202275(8):463, articleTitle=Comparison of antibacterial activities and resistance mechanisms of omadacycline and tigecycline against Enterococcus faecium, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943860167576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=6, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=50, authorNames=ZHANG H, WEI W, HUANG M, journalName=Adv Sci(Weinh), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG HWEI WHUANG Met al.Definition of a family of nonmobile colistin resistance(NMCR-1)determinants suggests aquatic reservoirs for MCR-4 [J].Adv Sci(Weinh)20196(11).doi: 10.1002/advs.201900038, articleTitle=Definition of a family of nonmobile colistin resistance(NMCR-1)determinants suggests aquatic reservoirs for MCR-4, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943918887833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=161, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=51, authorNames=LIU YY, WANG Y, WALSH TR, journalName=Lancet Infect Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU YYWANG YWALSH TRet al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis201616(2):161, articleTitle=Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300943973413787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=20, issue=6, pageStart=356, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=52, authorNames=BOOLCHANDANI M, D’SOUZA AW, DANTAS G, journalName=Nat Rev Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOOLCHANDANI MD’SOUZA AWDANTAS G.Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance[J].Nat Rev Genet201920(6):356, articleTitle=Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944057299869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=29, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=53, authorNames=HEBBRING S, journalName=Trends Genet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEBBRING S.Genomic and phenomic research in the 21st century.trends in genetics[J].Trends Genet201935(1):29, articleTitle=Genomic and phenomic research in the 21st century.trends in genetics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944141185951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=9, pageStart=1225, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=54, authorNames=RUPPÉ E, D’HUMIÈRES C, ARMAND-LEFÈVRE L, journalName=Clin Microbiol Infect, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RUPPÉ ED’HUMIÈRES CARMAND-LEFÈVRE L.Inferring antibiotic susceptibility from metagenomic data:dream or reality?[J].Clin Microbiol Infect202228(9):1225, articleTitle=Inferring antibiotic susceptibility from metagenomic data:dream or reality?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944241849249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=55, authorNames=李平兰, 潘伟好, 吕艳妮, journalName=中国农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李平兰,潘伟好,吕艳妮,等.微生态制剂中常用乳酸菌对抗生素的药敏性研究[J].中国农业大学学报20049(1):16, articleTitle=微生态制剂中常用乳酸菌对抗生素的药敏性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944313152420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=56, authorNames=LI PL, PAN WH, LYU YN, journalName=J China Agric Univ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI PLPAN WHLYU YNet al.Study on the antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria commonly used in microecological preparations [J].J China Agric Univ20049(1):16, articleTitle=Study on the antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria commonly used in microecological preparations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944397038502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=45, issue=14, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=57, authorNames=李晓姝, 殷瑞敏, 毛丙永, journalName=食品与发酵工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓姝,殷瑞敏,毛丙永,等.副干酪乳杆菌的基因多样性及其抗生素耐受性分析[J].食品与发酵工业201945(14):1, articleTitle=副干酪乳杆菌的基因多样性及其抗生素耐受性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944468341672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=45, issue=14, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=58, authorNames=LI XS, YIN RM, MAO BY, journalName=Food Ferment Ind, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI XSYIN RMMAO BYet al.Gene diversity and antibiotic resistance analysis of Lactobacillus paracasei [J].Food Ferment Ind201945(14):1, articleTitle=Gene diversity and antibiotic resistance analysis of Lactobacillus paracasei, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944543839145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=59, authorNames=冯丹阳, 孟晓丽, 沈振, journalName=药物分析杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯丹阳,孟晓丽,沈振,等.微生态活菌制品杂菌检查方法适用性研究及决策方法的建立[J].药物分析杂志202444(8):1415, articleTitle=微生态活菌制品杂菌检查方法适用性研究及决策方法的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1206300944610948010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=60, authorNames=FENG DY, MENG XL, SHEN Z, journalName=Chin J Pharm Anal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG DYMENG XLSHEN Zet al.Study on the applicability of microbial inspection methods for microbial products and establishment of decision making methods [J].Chin J Pharm Anal202444(8):1415, articleTitle=Study on the applicability of microbial inspection methods for microbial products and establishment of decision making methods, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1206300929628893673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929633087978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929637282283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929628893673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1206300929737945581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929746334191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929737945581, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929754722800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929737945581, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国药科大学生物药物学院,南京 211112)]), AuthorCompany(id=1206300929851191799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929859580408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929851191799, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929863774713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929851191799, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东大学药学院,济南 250012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1206300929968632317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929972826622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929968632317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Hangzhou Yuanda Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311227 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1206300929981215231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, companyId=1206300929968632317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.杭州远大生物制药有限公司,杭州 311227)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1206300934326514337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The results of genome assembly, figureFileSmall=ehk3NW3VctMYTfTI93Mi1g==, figureFileBig=7bFAEa2picw5rTVRdfUEDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934410400421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基因组拼装结果图

A.蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus) B.婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantis) C.粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis) D.嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus

, figureFileSmall=ehk3NW3VctMYTfTI93Mi1g==, figureFileBig=7bFAEa2picw5rTVRdfUEDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934540423850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cultivation diagram of tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentration, figureFileSmall=4X120eg5BTOjdY1MBiSv4Q==, figureFileBig=8BidRHQLjf8uFErdmfqatQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934645281455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图2, caption=四环素最低抑菌浓度培养图, figureFileSmall=4X120eg5BTOjdY1MBiSv4Q==, figureFileBig=8BidRHQLjf8uFErdmfqatQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934733361842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Optimization results of tetracycline concentration in MRS medium, figureFileSmall=C/uaw58rEj2bgUAy1xrCtA==, figureFileBig=N3Bp/BWs0PXQzw6AwczozQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934850802358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MRS培养基四环素浓度优化结果, figureFileSmall=C/uaw58rEj2bgUAy1xrCtA==, figureFileBig=N3Bp/BWs0PXQzw6AwczozQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300934959854265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Optimization results of tetracycline concentration in TPY medium, figureFileSmall=5GgkdwYtWKAjCFN21JCnOQ==, figureFileBig=XmCNq6D1JlYtCzbyaz+y2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935085683387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图4, caption=TPY培养基四环素浓度优化结果, figureFileSmall=5GgkdwYtWKAjCFN21JCnOQ==, figureFileBig=XmCNq6D1JlYtCzbyaz+y2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935177958080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of Lactobacillus acidophilus count results between different media(1 : 1×106), figureFileSmall=ML0bXha1TrZb77P0/hgZfQ==, figureFileBig=wPQP/B6UsU141CVES0ZJbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935287009987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图5, caption=培养基嗜酸乳杆菌计数结果比较(1 : 1×106, figureFileSmall=ML0bXha1TrZb77P0/hgZfQ==, figureFileBig=wPQP/B6UsU141CVES0ZJbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935396061900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comparison of Bifidobacterium infantis counts in two different media(1 : 1×107), figureFileSmall=fGX+yqA3tJmRoUwcxDsQYw==, figureFileBig=ueH8RV23mAfUWv5shWJGvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935496725196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2种培养基婴儿双歧杆菌计数结果比较(1 : 1×107, figureFileSmall=fGX+yqA3tJmRoUwcxDsQYw==, figureFileBig=ueH8RV23mAfUWv5shWJGvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1206300935618360017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Summary of chromosomal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称
(strain name)
染色体级构件
(chromosome-level assembly)
长度
(length)/bp
Reads数
(Reads count)
蜡样芽孢杆菌Utg16705 507 5247 732 566
Bacillus cereusUtg1672(质粒)(plasmid)591 149860 696
婴儿双歧杆菌Utg6241 935 5088 219 140
Bifidobacterium infantis
粪肠球菌Utg9342 730 2875 708 042
Enterococcus faecalis
嗜酸乳杆菌Utg12123 020 4178 926 005
Lactobacillus acidophilus
), ArticleFig(id=1206300935756772055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

染色体级构件汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称
(strain name)
染色体级构件
(chromosome-level assembly)
长度
(length)/bp
Reads数
(Reads count)
蜡样芽孢杆菌Utg16705 507 5247 732 566
Bacillus cereusUtg1672(质粒)(plasmid)591 149860 696
婴儿双歧杆菌Utg6241 935 5088 219 140
Bifidobacterium infantis
粪肠球菌Utg9342 730 2875 708 042
Enterococcus faecalis
嗜酸乳杆菌Utg12123 020 4178 926 005
Lactobacillus acidophilus
), ArticleFig(id=1206300935882601180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Summary of antibiotic resistance genes and their metabolic pathways

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称
(strain name)
基因通用名
(gene_ID)
抗性基因编码
(ARO_accession)
抗性基因名称
(ARO_name)
抗性类别
(resistance category)
抗性机制
(resistance mechanism)
代谢分类
(KEGG orthology)
代谢网络
(pathway map)
婴儿双歧杆菌
Bifidobacterium infantis
GE0008373004480rpoB肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)
抗生素靶点置换
(antibiotic target replacement)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K03043map03020
GE0012113000194tetW四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K18220/
嗜酸乳杆菌
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
GE0003343004470poxtA四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
恶唑烷酮类抗生素
(oxazolidinone antibiotic)
氯霉素抗生素
(phenicol antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K03110map02024
map03070
map03060
粪肠球菌
Enterococcus
faecalis
GE0006893002875dfrE二氨基嘧啶类抗生素
(diaminopyrimidine
antibiotic)
抗生素靶点置换
(antibiotic target replacement)
K00287map01100
map01523
map01240
map00790
map00670
GE0024353000300lsaA胸膜菌素类抗生素
(pleuromutilin antibiotic)
链菌素类抗生素
(streptogramin antibiotic)
林可酰胺类抗生素
(lincosamide antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K19350map02010
GE0011053003551emeA吖啶染料
(acridine dye)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K01358map04112
GE0023013003948efrA大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
氟喹诺酮类抗生素
(fluoroquinolone antibiotic
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)

抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K18887map02010
GE0023023003949efrB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
氟喹诺酮类抗生素
(fluoroquinolone antibiotic
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)

抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K18888map02010
蜡样芽孢杆菌
Bacillus cereus
GE0002403002919vanRA糖肽类抗生素
(glycopeptide antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K18349map01502
map02020
GE0004803004325MCR-4肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
//
GE0041533000172FosB磷霉素类抗生素
(fosfomycin antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K11210/
GE0045283000318mphB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K06979/
GE0047033002877BcI青霉烷头孢菌素抗生素
(penamcephalosporin
antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K17836map00311
map01110
map01501
GE0047713004476vmLR林可酰胺类抗生素
(lincosamide antibiotic)
链菌素类抗生素
(streptogramin antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K18231map02010
GE0048023000318mphB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
//
GE0058983002985arnA肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K10011map01100
map00520
map01503
map01250
), ArticleFig(id=1206300935979070178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

抗生素抗性基因及其代谢途径汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称
(strain name)
基因通用名
(gene_ID)
抗性基因编码
(ARO_accession)
抗性基因名称
(ARO_name)
抗性类别
(resistance category)
抗性机制
(resistance mechanism)
代谢分类
(KEGG orthology)
代谢网络
(pathway map)
婴儿双歧杆菌
Bifidobacterium infantis
GE0008373004480rpoB肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)
抗生素靶点置换
(antibiotic target replacement)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K03043map03020
GE0012113000194tetW四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K18220/
嗜酸乳杆菌
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
GE0003343004470poxtA四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
恶唑烷酮类抗生素
(oxazolidinone antibiotic)
氯霉素抗生素
(phenicol antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K03110map02024
map03070
map03060
粪肠球菌
Enterococcus
faecalis
GE0006893002875dfrE二氨基嘧啶类抗生素
(diaminopyrimidine
antibiotic)
抗生素靶点置换
(antibiotic target replacement)
K00287map01100
map01523
map01240
map00790
map00670
GE0024353000300lsaA胸膜菌素类抗生素
(pleuromutilin antibiotic)
链菌素类抗生素
(streptogramin antibiotic)
林可酰胺类抗生素
(lincosamide antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K19350map02010
GE0011053003551emeA吖啶染料
(acridine dye)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K01358map04112
GE0023013003948efrA大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
氟喹诺酮类抗生素
(fluoroquinolone antibiotic
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)

抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K18887map02010
GE0023023003949efrB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
氟喹诺酮类抗生素
(fluoroquinolone antibiotic
利福霉素类抗生素
(rifamycin antibiotic)

抗生素通道改变
(antibiotic efflux)
K18888map02010
蜡样芽孢杆菌
Bacillus cereus
GE0002403002919vanRA糖肽类抗生素
(glycopeptide antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K18349map01502
map02020
GE0004803004325MCR-4肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
//
GE0041533000172FosB磷霉素类抗生素
(fosfomycin antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K11210/
GE0045283000318mphB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K06979/
GE0047033002877BcI青霉烷头孢菌素抗生素
(penamcephalosporin
antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
K17836map00311
map01110
map01501
GE0047713004476vmLR林可酰胺类抗生素
(lincosamide antibiotic)
链菌素类抗生素
(streptogramin antibiotic)
抗生素靶点保护
(antibiotic target protection)
K18231map02010
GE0048023000318mphB大环内酯类抗生素
(macrolide antibiotic)
抗生素失活
(antibiotic inactivation)
//
GE0058983002985arnA肽类抗生素
(peptide antibiotic)
四环素类抗生素
(tetracycline antibiotic)
抗生素靶点改变
(antibiotic target alteration)
K10011map01100
map00520
map01503
map01250
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936071344874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Drug sensitivity results of Enterococcus faecalis measured on VITEK® Compact 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素名称
(antibiotic name)
202201016202201017202203198
MIC评价
(evaluation)
MIC评价
(evaluation)
MIC评价
(evaluation)
头孢西丁筛选(cefoxitin)
苄青霉素(benzylpenicillin)4ø8ø16ø
氨苄西林(ampicillin)≤2ø≤2ø≤2ø
苯唑西林(oxacillin)
庆大霉素高水平-协同作用
(gentamicin high level-synergy)
SYN-SSSYN-SSSYN-SR
链霉素高水平-协同作用
(streptomycin high level-snergy)
SYN-RRSYN-RRSYN-RR
庆大霉素(gentamicin)
环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)2I4R≥8R
左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)2S≥8R≥8R
莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)
克林霉素诱导耐药性
(inducible clindamycin resistance)
红霉素(erythromycin)2I2I4I
克林霉素(clindamycin)
奎奴普汀/达福普丁
(quinupristin/dalfopristin)
1**R1**R2*R
利奈唑胺(linezolid)2S2S2S
万古霉素(vancomycin)1S≥32R≥32R
四环素(tetracycline)≤1S≤1S≤1S
替加环素(tigecycline)≤0.12S0.50.5
呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)64I128R≥512R
利福平(rifampicin)
复方新诺明
(trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936180396786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粪肠球菌VITEK® Compact 2药敏试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素名称
(antibiotic name)
202201016202201017202203198
MIC评价
(evaluation)
MIC评价
(evaluation)
MIC评价
(evaluation)
头孢西丁筛选(cefoxitin)
苄青霉素(benzylpenicillin)4ø8ø16ø
氨苄西林(ampicillin)≤2ø≤2ø≤2ø
苯唑西林(oxacillin)
庆大霉素高水平-协同作用
(gentamicin high level-synergy)
SYN-SSSYN-SSSYN-SR
链霉素高水平-协同作用
(streptomycin high level-snergy)
SYN-RRSYN-RRSYN-RR
庆大霉素(gentamicin)
环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)2I4R≥8R
左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)2S≥8R≥8R
莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)
克林霉素诱导耐药性
(inducible clindamycin resistance)
红霉素(erythromycin)2I2I4I
克林霉素(clindamycin)
奎奴普汀/达福普丁
(quinupristin/dalfopristin)
1**R1**R2*R
利奈唑胺(linezolid)2S2S2S
万古霉素(vancomycin)1S≥32R≥32R
四环素(tetracycline)≤1S≤1S≤1S
替加环素(tigecycline)≤0.12S0.50.5
呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin)64I128R≥512R
利福平(rifampicin)
复方新诺明
(trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole)
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936268477173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Results of tetracycline sensitivity test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain name)
培养基
(culture medium)
抗生素
(antibiotic)
MIC/(μg · mL-1
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalisEC四环素(tetracycline)0.062 5~0.125
嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophiluMRS四环素(tetracycline)2.0~4.0
婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantisTPY四环素(tetracycline)>4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936390111995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四环素敏感性测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain name)
培养基
(culture medium)
抗生素
(antibiotic)
MIC/(μg · mL-1
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalisEC四环素(tetracycline)0.062 5~0.125
嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophiluMRS四环素(tetracycline)2.0~4.0
婴儿双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium infantisTPY四环素(tetracycline)>4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936490775296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Optimized formula of culture medium

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
培养基成分
(composition of culture medium)
含量(content)/(g · L-1
嗜酸乳杆菌计数培养基
Lactobacillus acidophilus counting medium)
婴儿双歧杆菌计数培养基
Bifidobacterium infantis counting medium)
酪蛋白胨(casein peptone)10.010.0
牛肉膏(beef extract)10.02.0
大豆蛋白胨(soya peptone)/5.0
葡萄糖(glucose)20.05.0
酵母浸膏(yeast extract)5.03.0
吐温80(tween 80)1.01.0
L-半胱氨酸(L-cysteine)/0.3
磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO45.02.0
氯化镁(MgCl2/0.5
硫酸锌(ZnSO4/0.25
氯化钙(CaCl2/0.15
三氯化铁(FeCl3/0.05
维生素B1(vitamin B1/0.015
维生素B2(vitamin B2/0.015
维生素B6(vitamin B6/0.015
泛酸钙(calcium pantothenate)/0.001 5
柠檬酸三胺(triamine citrate)2.0/
乙酸钠(sodium acetate)10.0/
硫酸镁(MgSO40.5/
硫酸锰(MnSO40.2/
琼脂(agar)15.015.0
四环素(tetracycline)0.000 1250.003~0.005
pH(25 ℃)5.2±0.27.2±0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936595632899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

优化后的培养基配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
培养基成分
(composition of culture medium)
含量(content)/(g · L-1
嗜酸乳杆菌计数培养基
Lactobacillus acidophilus counting medium)
婴儿双歧杆菌计数培养基
Bifidobacterium infantis counting medium)
酪蛋白胨(casein peptone)10.010.0
牛肉膏(beef extract)10.02.0
大豆蛋白胨(soya peptone)/5.0
葡萄糖(glucose)20.05.0
酵母浸膏(yeast extract)5.03.0
吐温80(tween 80)1.01.0
L-半胱氨酸(L-cysteine)/0.3
磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO45.02.0
氯化镁(MgCl2/0.5
硫酸锌(ZnSO4/0.25
氯化钙(CaCl2/0.15
三氯化铁(FeCl3/0.05
维生素B1(vitamin B1/0.015
维生素B2(vitamin B2/0.015
维生素B6(vitamin B6/0.015
泛酸钙(calcium pantothenate)/0.001 5
柠檬酸三胺(triamine citrate)2.0/
乙酸钠(sodium acetate)10.0/
硫酸镁(MgSO40.5/
硫酸锰(MnSO40.2/
琼脂(agar)15.015.0
四环素(tetracycline)0.000 1250.003~0.005
pH(25 ℃)5.2±0.27.2±0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936700490502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Comparison of applicability of optimized culture media

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain name)
培养基计数结果
(counting results of culture medium)/(cfu · mL-1
比值
(ratio)
菌落形态
(colony morphology)
无四环素
(not containing tetracycline)
含四环素
(containing tetracycline)
婴儿双歧杆菌
Bifidobacterium
infantis
55×10672×1060.76一致
(consistent)
嗜酸乳杆菌
Lactobacillus
acidophilu
56×10742×1071.33一致
(consistent)
), ArticleFig(id=1206300936843096843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117023404326918, articleId=1206272760242831897, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

优化后的培养基适用性比对

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种
(strain name)
培养基计数结果
(counting results of culture medium)/(cfu · mL-1
比值
(ratio)
菌落形态
(colony morphology)
无四环素
(not containing tetracycline)
含四环素
(containing tetracycline)
婴儿双歧杆菌
Bifidobacterium
infantis
55×10672×1060.76一致
(consistent)
嗜酸乳杆菌
Lactobacillus
acidophilu
56×10742×1071.33一致
(consistent)
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1205114436974182403, delFlag=0, nameCn=药物分析杂志, nameEn=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0254-1793, eissn=, cn=11-2224/R, coden=null, periodic=月刊, language=CN, oaType=1, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=, officePhone=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=E+iq5BU+frOtpo6YF6JpQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1765251271721, updatedTime=1765252167692, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=生命医学, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=E+iq5BU+frOtpo6YF6JpQQ==, picEn=n/3T/+AptjYTGmmMsE/a0Q==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1205118195070906572, language=CN, name=药物分析杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765252167718, updatedTime=1765252167718, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ywfxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://ywfxeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://ywfxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1205118195133821133, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765252167733, updatedTime=1765252167733, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ywfxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://ywfxeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://ywfxauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1205117023404326918, websiteList=[Website(id=1205118568045195478, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1205117023404326918, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1765252256642, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1765252521924, updateBy=18614031015, name=药物分析杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=药物分析杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1205154326156128935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1765260782040, updateTime=1765260782040, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326135157412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1765260782035, updateTime=1765260782035, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326172906154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260782044, updateTime=1765260782044, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326126768803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=5+7UKv7ckvsJ8AsWJeRI6g==, createTime=1765260782033, updateTime=1765260782033, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326181294764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260782046, updateTime=1765260782046, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326147740326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1765260782038, updateTime=1765260782038, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326177100459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260782045, updateTime=1765260782045, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326143546021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1765260782037, updateTime=1765260782037, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326160323240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1765260782041, updateTime=1765260782041, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154326164517545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568045195478, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1765260782042, updateTime=1765260782042, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1205118568124887259, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1205117023404326918, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1765252256661, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1765252537379, updateBy=18614031015, name=药物分析杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1205154361170174338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1765260790388, updateTime=1765260790388, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361145008511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1765260790382, updateTime=1765260790382, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361195340165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260790394, updateTime=1765260790394, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361132425598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=5+7UKv7ckvsJ8AsWJeRI6g==, createTime=1765260790379, updateTime=1765260790379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361207923079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260790397, updateTime=1765260790397, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361157591425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1765260790385, updateTime=1765260790385, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361199534470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260790396, updateTime=1765260790396, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361149202816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1765260790383, updateTime=1765260790383, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361174368643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1765260790389, updateTime=1765260790389, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154361186951556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887259, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1765260790392, updateTime=1765260790392, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=药物分析杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, journalPhotoCn=E+iq5BU+frOtpo6YF6JpQQ==, journalPhotoEn=n/3T/+AptjYTGmmMsE/a0Q==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/EN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/PDF/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/EN/PDF/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基因药敏技术在多联微生态制剂活菌计数用选择性培养基开发中的应用
收藏切换
PDF下载
邢晟 1 , 冯丹阳 1, 2 , 沈振 1 , 胡文红 1 , 李颖 4 , 丁勃 1, 3, *
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2025,45(5): 867-879
收起
收藏切换
药物分析杂志 | 生物检定 2025, 45(5): 867-879
基因药敏技术在多联微生态制剂活菌计数用选择性培养基开发中的应用
全屏
邢晟1 , 冯丹阳1, 2, 沈振1, 胡文红1, 李颖4, 丁勃1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101
  • 2.中国药科大学生物药物学院,南京 211112
  • 3.山东大学药学院,济南 250012
  • 4.杭州远大生物制药有限公司,杭州 311227
  • Tel:(0531)81216761;E-mail:

通讯作者:

* Tel:(0531)81216758;E-mail:
Application of genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the development of selective medium for the enumeration of multi-strain microecological preparation
Sheng XING1 , Dan-yang FENG1, 2, Zhen SHEN1, Wen-hong HU1, Ying LI4, Bo DING1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shandong Food and Drug Safety Testing Engineering Technology Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform, Jinan 250101, China
  • 2. School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211112, China
  • 3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
  • 4. Hangzhou Yuanda Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311227 China
doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097
文章导航
收藏切换

目的:建立一种基于基因药敏和代谢通路分析的微生态活菌制品活菌计数用选择性培养基筛选方法,以解决多联活菌制品含量测定时活菌之间相互干扰,点计困难,结果不准确的问题。方法:以双歧杆菌四联活菌制品为例,通过基因组规模代谢网络分析,快速预测蜡样芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的抗生素敏感性,筛选出在4种微生物中存在抗性差异的抗生素作为添加剂,制备选择性培养基,用于多联制品的活菌含量测定。结果:基于基因药敏技术筛选出的选择性培养基用于四联活菌制品计数时,有效消除了其他活菌对嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的干扰,保证每种成分菌计数结果的准确性。结论:基因药敏及代谢通路分析可以快速预测多种微生物之间抗生素的抗性差异,结果准确、快速,大大地降低了工作量,在选择性培养基筛选方面有广泛的应用前景。

微生态制剂  /  活菌计数  /  基因代谢网络  /  抗生素抗性基因  /  药敏试验

Objective: To establish a selective culture medium screening method for counting viable bacteria from multi-strain microecological preparation based on gene and metabolic pathway analysis, in order to solve the problem of mutual interference in the measurement of counting viable bacteria. Methods: By analyzing the genomic scale metabolic network, the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium infantis were quickly predicted. Based on the prediction results,suitable types and concentrations of antibiotics with resistance differences among the four microorganisms were screened and added to the culture medium, effectively inhibiting the growth of interfering microorganisms and ensuring accurate and effective counting results. Simultaneously, conventional drug sensitivity experiments results were used to ensure and compare with this method. Results: In the process of viable counting for multi-strain microecological preparation, this method effectively eliminated the interference of Enterococcus faecalis on the counting of Lactobacillus acidophilus live bacteria and the interference of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis on the counting of Bifidobacterium infant, and the counting results were accurate and reliable of each microorganism. Conclusion: The method has strong foresight and specificity. Genomic analysis and metabolic pathway analysis can effectively predict microbial antibiotic resistance, and experimental design based on the predicted results will greatly accelerate experimental efficiency, making the results more predictive and accurate,and has broad application prospects in selective culture medium screening for counting viable bacteria from multi-strain microecological preparation.

microecological preparation  /  viable count  /  gene metabolism network  /  antibiotic resistance genes  /  drug sensitivity testing
邢晟, 冯丹阳, 沈振, 胡文红, 李颖, 丁勃. 基因药敏技术在多联微生态制剂活菌计数用选择性培养基开发中的应用. 药物分析杂志, 2025 , 45 (5) : 867 -879 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097
Sheng XING, Dan-yang FENG, Zhen SHEN, Wen-hong HU, Ying LI, Bo DING. Application of genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the development of selective medium for the enumeration of multi-strain microecological preparation[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 867 -879 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097
微生态活菌制品相关标准收载于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》三部,该类制品具有维持或调整宿主肠道微生态平衡,防治疾病和促进宿主健康的作用[1]。与化学药物不同,微生态制剂具有明显的菌株特异性和剂量依赖性[2]。活菌数量是微生态制剂安全性和有效性的重要质控指标,准确有效的计数方法对微生态制剂的研究开发和应用具有重要意义[3]。目前,微生态制剂的菌体计数方法主要包括稀释涂布等培养法及遗传分析等非培养法。培养法操作简便,设备依赖度低,但存在选择性差,活菌相互干扰,结果不准确等问题;非培养法设备要求高,易出现假阳性及近源菌种区分度低等现象[4]。综上所述,现有方法在单一菌种构成的微生态制剂应用中效果较好,但应用于多联制剂时,由于菌种间相互干扰,无法准确计数[5],因此,开发选择性计数培养基,建立准确有效的活菌计数方法,可有效提升多联微生态活菌制品的质量控制,促进同类产品的开发创新。
抗生素作为重要的培养基添加剂,可以通过不同微生物对抗菌药物敏感性的差异,即药物敏感性,实现选择性抑制非目标微生物的目的,在微生物鉴定分离及培养基开发中具有重要而广泛的应用[6]。目前,药敏检测主要依据美国临床和实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)[7]、欧洲食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority,EFSA)[8]、欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会(European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,EUCAST)[9]以及国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization,ISO)[10]等国外标准进行,检测方法主要包括纸片扩散法、肉汤/琼脂稀释法及仪器法等[11]。通过药敏试验,可实现微生物分离及有效计数的目的[12],然而,现有药敏试验的筛查方法多基于有限研究基础上的标准或试剂给定的抗生素抗性谱进行分析,可用于分析的抗生素种类少,且筛选工作量巨大,步骤烦琐,效果不够理想,这种基于有限研究基础盲筛的药敏试验方法缺乏前瞻性和预测性,存在一定的不足。
近年来,国内外多有涉及微生物的快速药敏[13]、基因药敏[14]等新观点、新思路[15]的报道,主要用于临床微生物污染的研究,且多局限于单一类别基因或单一微生物物种。基因组规模代谢网络模型(genome-scale metabolic network model,GEM)[16]是基于基因-蛋白-反应(gene-protein-reaction,GPR)三者关联,模拟复杂代谢通路的一种模型,可以预测细胞内的代谢通路和通量分布。基于生物信息学的基因网络功能预测是以微生物胞内遗传物质为基础的理论预测,具有极强的前瞻性和专属性,通过基因组及代谢通路分析可快速有效预测微生物的抗生素敏感性及抗性,大幅提升实验效率。
双歧杆菌四联活菌片(思连康)的主要成分是婴儿双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、粪肠球菌以及蜡样芽孢杆菌。进行活菌含量测定时,嗜酸乳杆菌易被粪肠球菌干扰,婴儿双歧杆菌易被嗜酸乳杆菌和粪肠球菌干扰。本文以该产品为研究对象,通过基因组规模代谢网络模型分析,快速预测处方中4种微生物的药敏差异,筛选适宜的抗生素作为添加剂,优化并制备选择性培养基,有效抑制干扰菌的生长,保证目标菌计数结果的准确有效。
蜡样芽孢杆菌(编号CGMCC0460.4)、粪肠球菌(编号CGMCC0460.3)、嗜酸乳杆菌(编号CGMCC0460.2)和婴儿双歧杆菌(编号CGMCC0460.1)菌粉以及3批双歧杆菌四联活菌片(思连康)(批号分别为202201016、202201017、202203198,每片0.5 g)均由杭州远大生物制药有限公司提供。
MS105DU型电子天平(精度0.1 mg),梅特勒托利多公司;MLS-2420型高压蒸汽灭菌锅,三洋公司;NU-543-600S生物安全柜,NUAIRE公司;HT型恒温震荡培养箱,INFORS公司;IPP260型恒温培养箱,美墨尔特公司;VITEK® Compact 2全自动微生物鉴定仪,梅里埃(上海)有限公司;SphereFlsh型自动菌落成像仪,IUL公司。
TPY琼脂培养基(批号20211014)、BA琼脂培养基(批号20210914)、MRS琼脂培养基(批号20210915)和EC琼脂培养基(批号20210728)购自青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司。氯化钠(批号20190828)购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。四环素(969 U · mg-1,批号 130306-201419,M9R6-THHV)购自中国食品药品检定研究院。革兰氏阳性细菌药敏卡片(VITEK 2 AST-GP67 Test Kit)购自生物梅里埃公司。
取蜡样芽孢杆菌(CGMCC0460.4)、粪肠球菌(CGMCC0460.3)、嗜酸乳杆菌(CGMCC0460.2)和婴儿双歧杆菌(CGMCC0460.1)菌粉适量,其中蜡样芽孢杆菌置BA琼脂培养基37 ℃需氧培养14 h;粪肠球菌置EC琼脂培养基37 ℃需氧培养24 h;嗜酸乳杆菌置MRS琼脂培养基37 ℃厌氧培养48 h;婴儿双歧杆菌置TPY琼脂培养基37 ℃厌氧培养72 h,挑取单菌落备用。
菌株送至擎科生物科技股份有限公司(青岛),使用Illumina公司第2代Solexa测序技术以及PacBio第3代测序技术对4株菌进行完成图重测序,获得原始RAW文件。后由项目组采用无参序列拼接获得完整基因组[17],第3代及第2代测序结果互为参考,可有效降低拼接错误或数据不足的风险,之后采用序列矫正(polish)对测序产生的低质量环化共有序列(circular consensus sequencing,CCS)等进行纠错,所得序列能够完整正确地反映目标菌株的实际遗传序列信息,拼接获得的基因组可达到染色体(chromosome)级。
采用CLC Genomics Workbench Version 22.0.2生物信息学分析软件和OriginPro® 2022可视化数据分析绘图软件进行数据处理。研究过程使用的数据库包括KEGG数据库[18]http://www.kegg.jp)、NCBI NR数据库(http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)、GO数据库[19]http://www.geeontology.org)、NCBI COG/KOG数据库[20]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/COG/)、Uniprot数据库[21]http://www.uniprot.org/)、PFAM数据库[22]http://pfam.xfam.org/)、CARD数据库[23]https://card.mcmaster.ca/)、CAZy数据库[24]http://www.cazy.org/)以及VFDB数据库[25]http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/)。
使用Uniref数据库[26]https://ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot/uniref/,2023-05-03)作为基因及酶功能注释数据库。作为目前数据检索常见的2种策略,DIAMOND检索速度较BLAST快20 000倍以上,且检索结果与BLAST[27]相对一致,因此,本文采用DIAMOND[28]检索策略,以降低BLAST检索策略导致的计算资源和时间的消耗,提高分析效率。
将经过基因注释的基因组与CARD数据库[23](The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database,更新至2024-08-26)进行比对,从KEGG中检索与抗生素抗性基因相关的通路,并进行代谢通路富集。根据筛选获得的抗生素抗性基因和代谢通路,选择4株微生物共有的抗生素及代谢通路,结合体外试验验证进行抗生素筛选及浓度优化。
根据基因及代谢通路分析结果,首先确定试验抗生素种类。在无法预测可能的浓度范围时,选取1种菌进行体外药敏试验,确定其敏感浓度,然后以该浓度为参考,扩展上下游浓度范围,确定其他菌株的四环素敏感浓度。由于粪肠球菌在TPY琼脂培养基、BA琼脂培养基、MRS琼脂培养基和EC琼脂培养基中均可以正常生长,对其他菌株计数均有影响,因此,根据抗性基因分析结果,首先筛选出粪肠球菌较为敏感其他菌抗性稍强的潜在抗生素,进行体外药物敏感性试验,以粪肠球菌的抗生素敏感浓度为基础,进一步对其他菌株的敏感浓度进行确认。采用革兰阳性细菌药敏卡片(VITEK 2 AST-GP67 Test Kit)进行粪肠球菌体外药敏试验。
以粪肠球菌筛选出的抗生素敏感浓度为优化基础,制备四环素的浓度梯度EC琼脂培养基、MRS琼脂培养基和TPY琼脂培养基,然后将制备好的小于100 cfu的粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌菌悬液,均匀涂布于相应的培养基上,观察菌落生长情况。
称取双歧杆菌四联活菌片3 g,加入0.9%无菌氯化钠溶液27 mL,振荡使其充分混匀,作为1级稀释液,取该稀释液1 mL,加入到9 mL 0.9%无菌氯化钠溶液中,制成2级稀释液,用相同方法10倍稀释直至10-5,作为5级稀释液,取5级稀释液100 μL,滴加到制备好的含有不同浓度四环素的MRS琼脂平皿上,涂布均匀,置37 ℃培养48 h。
基因组DNA经过提取、建库、测序,得到散在的序列读长片段(Reads)。将每个读长片段进行拼接后得到图1,横向为拼接后染色体序列的碱基位置,峰高表示特定碱基位置的读长片段长度分布(bp)。
基于参考序列拼接的方法获得的序列称为“一致性序列”,该方法得到的序列并非真实存在的基因组序列,主要原因有:1)已发表参考序列并非100%准确;2)不同参考序会得到不同的结果;3)无法突出目的基因组的结构变异。因此,本文使用独立组装(de novo)的方法。
拼接结果显示,婴儿双歧杆菌(图1-B)和粪肠球菌(图1-C)可拼接成完整的单一染色体结构,蜡样芽孢杆菌除单一染色体结构外,还具有1个质粒结构(图1-A),嗜酸乳杆菌(图1-D)除单一染色体结构外,还有3个片段未整合进染色体结构,经分析为长度小于1 000 bp的未知构件,不具有生物功能,因此对其不作分析。4株微生物的具体基因组构件信息见表1
注释的基因组与CARD数据库[23]比对,检索收集蜡样芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌中含有的抗性基因,涉及的抗生素种类包括青霉烷酸头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、恶唑烷酮类、二氨基嘧啶类、氟喹诺酮类、利福霉素类、链菌素类、林可酰胺类、磷霉素、氯霉素、四环素类、肽类、胸膜菌素类等13类,共计17个基因。其中四环素类抗生素抗性相关基因为4种菌株共有,其中双歧杆菌1种,嗜酸乳杆菌1种,粪肠球菌1种,蜡样芽孢杆菌2种,这些基因通过改变脂质A的结构、编码核糖体保护蛋白等机制影响抗生素作用位点,促使微生物产生四环素抗性,这些基因涉及map02024、map03070、map03060、map04112、map00520、map01503、map01250和map01100等8个代谢通路[18]表2)。
在确定的与四环素相关的抗性基因中,婴儿双歧杆菌的tetW(ARO:3000194)基因与四环素耐药性具有明确相关性[29-30]。嗜酸乳杆菌的poxtA(ARO:3004470)基因主要介导了苯酚和恶唑烷酮抗生素耐药性,对四环素有轻微的菌体保护作用[31-33]。粪肠球菌的emeA(ARO:3003551)基因可编码1种外排泵蛋白将抗生素从细胞内排出,这种外排泵对四环素和其他多种抗生素发挥抗药作用[34],emeA基因被认为是一种多药耐药性(MDR)基因[35]。但是,emeA并未列入常见的四环素抗性基因,tet(K)、tet(L)、tet(M)、tet(O)和tet(W)是粪肠球菌临床分离株常见的几种四环素抗性基因[36-37],研究的粪肠球菌菌株并未携带,因此,推测本株粪肠球菌不具有明显的四环素抗性。蜡样芽孢杆菌的MCR-4(ARO:3004325)基因主要通过改变脂质A的结构使细菌耐药。蜡样芽孢杆菌对四环素的耐药基因主要包括tet及其变体、tetL和tetM[3438-39],MCR-4有四环素相关抗性,但也非主要的四环素抗性基因。此外,在四联活菌片的处方中,蜡样芽孢杆菌的活菌含量低于其他3种菌,相差约1个数量级,在可计数的稀释级范围不会对其他活菌产生明显干扰,因此,暂且不关注蜡样芽孢杆菌的四环素抗性。
综上,初步推测4株菌对四环素的敏感性存在差异:婴儿双歧杆菌携带的四环素抗性基因明确,推测对四环素抗性相对较强;嗜酸乳杆菌的poxtA基因对菌体也有轻微的保护作用,推测可能对四环素具有一定抗性;粪肠球菌的emeA基因编码的外排泵蛋白对多种抗生素具有耐药性,但是并非常见的四环素抗性基因,推测该菌株对四环素没有明显抗性。暂将四环素作为筛选培养基的添加剂,进行进一步的浓度筛选与优化试验。
虽然预测了4株菌都携带四环素相关的抗性基因,存在相关代谢通路,但是,基因抗药机制、作用强弱各有不同,且尚不清楚这些抗性基因的表达情况。下一步需要采用适宜浓度的四环素分别验证4株菌的耐受浓度。在无法预测可能的浓度范围时,首先选取一种菌进行体外药敏试验,确定其敏感浓度,然后以该浓度为参考,上下游范围内寻找其他菌株的四环素敏感浓度。基于前期分析结果,暂选择粪肠球菌作为测试菌株。
分析过程中,采用最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)作为评价微生物药敏反应的指标,该指标是指在体外试验中,抗菌药物能抑制培养基中细菌生长的最低药物浓度。将3批四联活菌片中的粪肠球菌分离纯化,制备3种不同麦氏浊度的菌悬液,麦氏浊度分别为0.67(202201016)、0.83(202201017)、0.97(202203198),上机测试。采用3个梯度浓度测试粪肠球菌对抗生素的敏感浓度,同时考察菌株对该浓度的药敏反应是否稳定。
粪肠球菌体外药敏实验结果(表3)显示,粪肠球菌对四环素抗性较弱,耐受浓度≤1 μg · mL-1,与预测结果基本一致,可在此基础上进行浓度筛选和优化。
双歧杆菌四联活菌片处方中,蜡样芽孢杆菌的活菌含量低于其他3种微生物,相差1个数量级,在可计数的稀释级范围不会对其他活菌计数产生明显干扰,因此,主要考察粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌对四环素的耐受差异(表4)。以1 μg · mL-1作为四环素的基准浓度,设定上下限度范围,寻找其他菌株的四环素敏感浓度,设定的四环素浓度包括0.062 5、0.125、0.25、1.0、2.0以及4.0 μg · mL-1。制备含上述梯度浓度四环素的EC琼脂培养基、MRS琼脂培养基和TPY琼脂培养基,然后将制备好的活菌浓度<100 cfu · mL-1的粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌菌悬液均匀涂布于相应的培养基上,部分平板菌落生长情况如图2所示。
上述结果表明,3株微生物对四环素的敏感性具有明显差异,对四环素的敏感度由大到小依次为婴儿双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪肠球菌,这说明可以利用四环浓度差异对菌株进行选择性抑制,并作为计数用培养基添加剂进一步优化浓度。
抗生素敏感性试验表明,四环素对粪肠球菌的MIC值在0.0625~0.125 μg · mL-1范围内,因此,选择并制备四环素质量浓度为0.1、0.125以及0.2 μg · mL-1的MRS琼脂培养基,用于考察粪肠球菌及嗜酸乳杆菌的抗性情况。
在MRS培养基培养过程中,四环素质量浓度为0.1 μg · mL-1时,粪肠球菌有少量生长,菌落较小,四环素质量浓度为0.125 μg · mL-1时,粪肠球菌不生长,四环素质量浓度达到0.2 μg · mL-1时,嗜酸乳杆菌被抑制,因此综合考虑,选择0.125 μg · mL-1作为嗜酸乳杆菌计数培养基中四环素的使用浓度(图3)。
抗生素敏感性试验表明,四环素对嗜酸乳杆菌的MIC值在2.0~4.0 μg · mL-1范围内,为进一步优化TPY培养基中四环素适宜的添加量,考察四环素质量浓度为3.0、4.0以及5.0 μg · mL-1的TPY琼脂培养基上粪肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的生长情况。
未添加四环素时的TPY琼脂培养基培养时,非目的微生物严重干扰婴儿双歧杆菌的计数,在添加四环素质量浓度分别为3.0、4.0和5.0 μg · mL-1时,婴儿双歧杆菌可生长,嗜酸乳杆菌、粪肠球菌均不生长。因此,可选择3.0~5.0 μg · mL-1作为双歧杆菌计数培养基中四环素的使用浓度(图4)。
在MRS培养基和TPY培养基基础上,经四环素浓度优化试验获得可用于双歧杆菌四联活菌片中嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌活菌计数的选择性培养基,具体配方见表5(发明专利号:ZL 2023 1 1319236.7)。
进一步分析优化后培养基的适用性,挑取TPY培养基上的婴儿双歧杆菌和MRS培养基上的嗜酸乳杆菌适量,分别转移至10 mL灭菌生理盐水中,充分混匀,制成待测菌悬液。采用未加入四环素的培养基与优化后的培养基对嗜酸乳杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的菌悬液进行计数比对,结果见表6
与不添加四环素的培养基比较,婴儿双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的菌落数比值均在0.5~2.0范围内,且菌落形态大小基本一致(图56),增加四环素的筛选培养基适用性检查符合2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》三部的相关要求。
基因型和表型是药敏检测中的2个重要概念,基因型是指个体所拥有的基因组合,表型则是基因型的表现形式,基因型控制着个体表型,基因型与个体所处的特定环境使表型呈现出多样性。随着分子生物学的快速发展,人们对分子的耐药机制、耐药基因有了更深入的了解,并据此开发出了分子药敏快速诊断及检测技术,将药敏试验时间缩短到48 h。目前,分子药敏快速诊断及检测技术可以大致分为表型药敏(体外测定细菌对抗菌药的敏感程度或耐药水平的试验)和分子药敏(基于高通量测序等技术的耐药基因研究分析方法)2类[40]。其中,高通量测序(next generation sequencing,NGS)技术是目前分子诊断中开展细菌耐药基因检测分析的重要技术,促进了耐药基因的快速鉴定和特征耐药基因组的发现。使用基于基因网络和NGS技术的微生物分离纯化和选择培养基优化方法可以同时鉴别培养和不可培养微生物的耐药基因特性[13],具有较高灵敏性和特异性,可大幅度缩短试验周期,为微生态制剂筛选和评价研究提供前所未有的新视角[40]
虽然这种基于基因和代谢网络的药敏分析方法具有很好的创新性,但这种方法在微生物分离纯化和相关培养基开发过程中也存在其自身的问题。
首先是抗生素抗性基因(antibiotics resistance genes,ARGs)数据库的完善程度。2013年发布的综合抗生素耐药性数据库(the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database,CARD)利用抗生素耐药性本体(the antibiotic resistance ontology)将耐药基因突变与耐药基因家族、作用机制、靶点和抗生素等数据联系起来,并开展相关分析,是比较权威的耐药基因数据库,也是本文研究所使用的主要数据库。然而,随着生物信息数据的爆炸式增长,目前没有任何耐药基因数据库是完备的,仍有许多潜在的ARGs有待确定和挖掘。
其次是基因组测序数据对预测结果的影响。一般情况下,测序使用的拼接方法为基于参考序列拼接的方法,顾名思义就是与参考序列保持一致。但这种方法得到的序列并不是真实存在的基因组序列,主要有以下原因:1)已发表的参考序列并不是100%准确的,如果参考序列中存在累积性错误,则错误序列信息会被逐渐累积并传递;2)该方法受参考序列影响很大,选择不同的参考序列会得到不同的测序结果,结果不唯一;3)参考序列与测序物种之间如果存在较大的结构变异,则无法体现这些结构变异。因此,本文未使用参考基因组测序,而是使用独立组装(de novo)方法,这样可以最大程度地保证结果源自物种序列自身。
最后是基因型与表型的有效关联性。在获得ARGs相关信息后,需要将基因型与耐药性表型相关联。常见ARGs(通常是广泛存在于微生物中的耐药基因)的耐药性表型和编码蛋白质已被广泛研究,然而还有一些ARGs或突变仅在基因组数据中被鉴定到,尚未开展具体研究和分析。此外部分氨基酸突变对表型的影响也存在位点和菌株的差异,存在改变细菌药物敏感性的可能。最关键的是,细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性还受到基因表达水平的影响。这一系列问题将影响从预测结果获得准确耐药信息的判断。解决这一问题就需要在预测结果的基础上,通过体外验证确认最终的药敏信息。
本文采用的基于基因网络和NGS技术的微生物分离纯化和选择培养基优化方法预测获得的药敏结果,结合预测结果简化后的体外验证试验,可有效提高基因型与表型的关联性。文献报道也体现了现有研究在这一问题上取得的进展[41-42]。虽然从基因组数据推断抗菌药物敏感性仍然面临许多挑战,但通过优化分析过程,同时结合简化的体外试验,可以较好地实现从预测结果获得较准确的微生物耐药信息。
在非目标菌消除的抗生素筛选方案上,选择基于共有抗性基因的单一抗生素,而非多种抗生素配合使用来抑制非目标菌,主要出于以下考虑:如果针对目标菌之外的其他3种非目标菌筛选各自敏感抗生素配合使用,则会大大增加工作量和制备成本,并带来许多不确定因素。每种菌的潜在敏感抗生素会有多种,例如,文献报道[43-44]的嗜酸乳杆菌的敏感抗生素有青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、氯霉素类、克林霉素类等,如果针对每种非目标菌的不同抗生素进行排列组合设计,筛选出不会对目标菌产生影响的抗生素配伍,则工作强度较大,此外,多种抗生素抑制效果叠加也会带来许多不确定因素,甚至对目标菌产生抑制或杀灭。因此,采用共有抗生素抗性基因分析的方法,快速找出几种菌存在敏感性差异的抗生素,仅需通过浓度调整,分别抑制1种或多种非目标菌,结果经过简单的减法运算,即可得出每种菌的实际数量。单一抗生素不会引入更多不确定因素,以添加剂的形式与培养基配合使用,成本低廉,容易操作。
采用以上技术方案,本文构建了一种基于代谢通路分析的微生态活菌制品活菌计数用培养基的筛选方法,该方法在四联活菌计数试验过程中,有效消除了非目标微生物对活菌计数的干扰[45]。基于生物信息学的基因功能预测及代谢通路分析是基于微生物细胞内的遗传物质基础上的理论预测,具有极强的前瞻性和专属性,通过基因组分析及代谢通路分析可有效预测微生物的抗生素敏感性,并根据预测结果进行实验设计,该方法大大缩小了抗生素的筛选范围,降低了工作强度,提升了实验效率,可为微生态制剂监管提供更好的技术支撑,相关技术也可在抗性基因等领域的研究中得到广泛应用。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
邢晟,王淑华,胡文红,等.益生菌制剂开发及相关质量标准构建策略 [J].中国新药杂志202130(9):773
XING SWANG SHHU WHet al.Strategy for the development of probiotic preparations and the construction of related quality standards [J].Chin J New Drugs202130(9):773
[2]
郑跃杰,黄志华,刘作义,等.微生态制剂儿科应用专家共识(2010年10月)[J].中国实用儿科杂志201126(1):20
ZHENG YJHUAN ZHLIU ZYet al.Expert consensus on pediatric application of microecological preparations(October 2010)[J].Chin J Pract Pediatr201126(1):20
[3]
苏梦缘,伍新叶,朱曦,等.微生态制剂活菌的计数方法分析[J].中南农业科技202243(3):139
SU MYWU XYZHU Xet al.Analysis of counting methods for active microorganisms in microecological preparations [J].South Cent Agric Sci Technol202243(3):139
[4]
谢九艳,赵婷,高逸,等.发酵乳中乳酸菌的选择性计数及分离鉴定[J].食品与发酵工业202248(10):35
XIE JYZHAO TGAO Yet al.Selective counting and isolation identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk [J].Food Ferment Ind202248(10):35
[5]
中国食品科学技术学会益生菌分会.益生菌“量效关系”的科学综述[J].中国食品学报202222(7):443
Probiotics Society of the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology.A scientific review of the “dose-response relationship”of probiotics [J].J Chin Inst Food Sci Technol202222(7):443
[6]
胡朝晖,朱庆义,刘本荣,等.军团菌选择性分离培养基及其实用性比较研究[J].国际检验医学杂志200627(3):209
HU CHZHU QYLIU BRet al.Comparative study on selective isolation culture medium for Legionella and its practicality [J].Int J Lab Med200627(3):209
[7]
马筱玲.2015年CLSI药敏试验执行标准主要更新[G]//中华医学会,中华医学会微生物学与免疫学分会.中华医学会第十二次全国临床微生物学术年会暨第十一次全球华人临床微生物学与感染症学术年会论文汇编,兰州.2015:29
MA XL.Major Updates to the 2015 CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards[G]// Chinese Medical Association,Society of Microbiology and Immunology,CMA.Compilation of Papers from the 12th National Annual Conference on Clinical Microbiology & the 11th Global Chinese Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,Lanzhou.2015:29
[8]
REPORT E.Scientific opinion on the development of a risk ranking toolbox for the EFSA BIOHAZ Panel [J].EFSA J201513(1).doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3939
[9]
刘玉庆,李璐璐,骆延波,等.EUCAST欧盟药敏试验标准[J].中国质量与标准导报201619(5):60
LIU YQLI LLLUO YBet al.EUCAST EU drug susceptibility testing standards [J].China Qual Stand Rev201619(5):60
[10]
郭世富.抗菌药物敏感性体外检测系统质量控制标准[J].国外医药抗生素分册201940(1):42
GUO SF.Quality control standards for antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro detection system [J].World Notes Antibiot201940(1):42
[11]
李璐璐,骆延波,胡明,等.抗生素药敏试验国际标准比较 [J].家禽科学20142014(9):20
LI LLLUO YBHU Met al.Comparison of international standards for antibiotic susceptibility testing [J].China Poul Sci20142014(9):20
[12]
ZHAO YYU LTIAN Fet al.An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract [J].Food Funct202112(15):6740
[13]
HU XZHAO YHAN PLet al,Novel clinical mngs-based machine learning model for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter baumannii [J].J Clin Microbiol202361(5):e0180522
[14]
AUSTIN IROMNEY H.The genotype—phenotype conundrum for antimicrobial susceptibility testing [J].Clin Chem202369(4):316
[15]
AGYEMAN WYBISHT AGOPINATH Aet al.A systematic review of antibiotic resistance trends and treatment options for hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant infections[J].Cureus202214(10):e29956
[16]
刘立明,陈坚.基因组规模代谢网络模型构建及其应用[J].生物工程学报201026(9):1176
LIU LMCHEN J.Construction and application of genomic scale metabolic network model [J].Chin J Biotechnol201026(9):1176
[17]
LUO RLIU BXIE Yet al.SOAPdenovo2:an empirically improved memory-efficient short-read de novo assembler[J].Gigascience20121(1):18
[18]
OGATA HGOTO SSATO Ket al.KEGG:kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes[J].Nucleic Acids Res199927(1):29
[19]
CONSORTIUM GO.The Gene Ontology(GO)database and informatics resource[J].Nucleic Acids Res200432():258
[20]
TATUSOV RLGALPERIN MYNATALE DAet al.The COG database:a tool for genome-scale analysis of protein functions and evolution[J].Nucleic Acids Res200028(D1):D33
[21]
CONSORTIUM UP.UniProt:a hub for protein information[J].Nucleic Acids Res201543(D1):D204
[22]
FINN RDPENELOPE CEBERHARDT RYet al.The Pfam protein families database:towards a more sustainable future[J].Nucleic Acids Res201644(D1):D279
[23]
ALCOCK BPRAPHENYA ARLAU TTYet al.CARD 2020:antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database[J].Nucleic Acids Res202048(D1):D517
[24]
DRULA EGARRON MLDOGAN Set al.The carbohydrate-active enzyme database:functions and literature[J].Nucleic Acids Res202149(D1):D571
[25]
LIU BZHENG DZHOU Set al.VFDB 2022:a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors[J].Nucleic Acids Res202250(D1):D912
[26]
SUZEK BEYUQI WHONGZHAN Het al.UniRef clusters:a comprehensive and scalable alternative for improving sequence similarity searches[J].Bioinformatics201531(6):926
[27]
HERNÁNDEZ-SALMERÓN EJMORENO-HAGELSIEB G.Progress in quickly finding orthologs as reciprocal best hits:comparing blast,last,diamond and MMseqs2[J].BMC Genomics202021(1):741
[28]
HUSON DHBUCHFINK B.Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND[J].Nat Methods201512(1):59
[29]
SPEER BSSALYERS AA.Novel aerobic tetracycline resistance gene that chemically modifies tetracycline[J].J Bacteriol1989171(1):148
[30]
YANG WMOORE IFKOTEVA KPet al.TetX is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics[J].J Biol Chem2004279(50):52346
[31]
CROWE-MCAULIFFE CMURINA VTURNBULL KJet al.Structural basis for PoxtA-mediated resistance to phenicol and oxazolidinone antibiotics[J].Nat Commun202213(1):1860
[32]
CHUNYAN XNANNAN WDEXI Let al.Recombination events that occur in a poxtA-carrying Enterococcus faecium during the conjugation process[J].J Antimicrob Chemother202277(5):1228
[33]
崔兰卿,吕媛.介导利奈唑胺耐药的新基因poxtA研究进展[J].中国临床药理学杂志201935(22):2915
CUI LQLYU Y.Research progress of novel linezolid resistance gene poxtA[J].Chin J Clin Pharmacol201935(22):2915
[34]
POIREL LJAYOL ANORDMANN P.Polymyxins:antibacterial activity,susceptibility testing,and resistance mechanisms encoded by plasmids or chromosomes[J].Clin Microbiol Rev201730(2):557
[35]
REYGAERT WC.An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria[J].AIMS Microbiol20184(3):482
[36]
李岩,王晶,张桂,等.2012-2014年辽宁省大连市某医院分离粪肠球菌耐药性及多位点序列分析[J].疾病监测201833(5):391
LI YWANG JZHANG Get al.Drug resistance and multi site sequence analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a hospital in Dalian,Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2014 [J].Dis Surveil201833(5):391
[37]
LIU XMZHANG CQZHAO YXet al.Comparison of antibacterial activities and resistance mechanisms of omadacycline and tigecycline against Enterococcus faecium [J].J Antibiot(Tokyo)202275(8):463
[38]
ZHANG HWEI WHUANG Met al.Definition of a family of nonmobile colistin resistance(NMCR-1)determinants suggests aquatic reservoirs for MCR-4 [J].Adv Sci(Weinh)20196(11).doi: 10.1002/advs.201900038
[39]
LIU YYWANG YWALSH TRet al.Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China:a microbiological and molecular biological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis201616(2):161
[40]
BOOLCHANDANI MD’SOUZA AWDANTAS G.Sequencing-based methods and resources to study antimicrobial resistance[J].Nat Rev Genet201920(6):356
[41]
HEBBRING S.Genomic and phenomic research in the 21st century.trends in genetics[J].Trends Genet201935(1):29
[42]
RUPPÉ ED’HUMIÈRES CARMAND-LEFÈVRE L.Inferring antibiotic susceptibility from metagenomic data:dream or reality?[J].Clin Microbiol Infect202228(9):1225
[43]
李平兰,潘伟好,吕艳妮,等.微生态制剂中常用乳酸菌对抗生素的药敏性研究[J].中国农业大学学报20049(1):16
LI PLPAN WHLYU YNet al.Study on the antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria commonly used in microecological preparations [J].J China Agric Univ20049(1):16
[44]
李晓姝,殷瑞敏,毛丙永,等.副干酪乳杆菌的基因多样性及其抗生素耐受性分析[J].食品与发酵工业201945(14):1
LI XSYIN RMMAO BYet al.Gene diversity and antibiotic resistance analysis of Lactobacillus paracasei [J].Food Ferment Ind201945(14):1
[45]
冯丹阳,孟晓丽,沈振,等.微生态活菌制品杂菌检查方法适用性研究及决策方法的建立[J].药物分析杂志202444(8):1415
FENG DYMENG XLSHEN Zet al.Study on the applicability of microbial inspection methods for microbial products and establishment of decision making methods [J].Chin J Pharm Anal202444(8):1415
2025年第45卷第5期
PDF下载
270
135
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097
  • 接收时间:2024-09-02
  • 首发时间:2025-12-12
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02
基金
作者信息
    1.山东省食品药品检验研究院 山东省食品药品安全检测工程技术研究中心 国家药品监督管理局仿制药研究与评价重点实验室 产业技术基础公共服务平台,济南 250101
    2.中国药科大学生物药物学院,南京 211112
    3.山东大学药学院,济南 250012
    4.杭州远大生物制药有限公司,杭州 311227

通讯作者:

* Tel:(0531)81216758;E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ywfxzz/CN/10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-1097
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏