现代仪器与医疗

功能性电刺激在脑卒中后足下垂康复中的研究进展

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王沐 ¹ , 刘梅 ²^,^* , 王倩 ²

现代仪器与医疗 | 探索脑机接口与神经调控技术的应用 2026,32(4): 61-69

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现代仪器与医疗 |探索脑机接口与神经调控技术的应用 2026 , 32 (4) : 61 -69

功能性电刺激在脑卒中后足下垂康复中的研究进展

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王沐¹, 刘梅²^,^*, 王倩²

作者信息

^1.青海大学临床医学院，西宁　810000

^2.青海大学附属医院康复医学科，西宁　810000

通讯作者:

刘梅，女，本科，主任医师，研究方向：神经康复与重症康复

作者简介:

王沐，男，硕士研究生，住院医师，研究方向：神经康复

Research progress of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of foot drop after stroke

Mu Wang¹, Mei Liu²^,^*, Qian Wang²

Affiliations

^1.Clinical Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China

^2.Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining 810000, China

出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.11876/mimt202604008

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摘要

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足下垂属于脑卒中后下肢运动功能障碍中常见的并发症，会对患者的步态对称性、步行能力以及生活质量产生严重影响。康复运动疗法等传统康复手段虽然可在一定程度上改善足下垂症状，但是存在被动矫正、疗效个体差异比较大等局限。功能性电刺激（functional electrical stimulation，FES）是一种依靠神经肌肉激活与中枢重塑的主动康复技术，凭借靶向刺激腓总神经以及胫前肌群，可纠正足下垂步态，还可借助长期干预诱导神经可塑性，改善运动功能。本文梳理了FES的概念及不同刺激方式与控制策略的特点，阐述其改善脑卒中后足下垂的作用机制，总结参数设置原则、适用人群及疗效证据，并进一步讨论其在当前推广应用中的主要挑战，展望智能闭环调控、多模态联合干预及光遗传学技术融合等未来发展方向，旨在为优化脑卒中后足下垂康复策略提供理论依据与实践参考。

关键词

功能性电刺激 / 脑卒中 / 足下垂 / 神经可塑性 / 闭环控制

Abstract

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Foot drop is a common complication of lower limb motor dysfunction after stroke, which will have a serious impact on gait symmetry, walking ability and quality of life of patients. Although traditional rehabilitation methods such as rehabilitation exercise therapy can improve symptoms to a certain extent, there are limitations such as passive correction and large individual differences in efficacy. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an active rehabilitation technique that relies on neuromuscular activation and central remodeling. It can correct foot drop gait by targeted stimulation of common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial muscle group. It can also induce neuronal plasticity and improve motor function by long-term intervention. This article reviews the concept of FES and the characteristics of different stimulation methods and control strategies, explains its mechanism of action in improving foot drop following stroke, summarizes the principles for parameter settings, the target population, and evidence of efficacy. It also discusses the main challenges in its current widespread application, as well as future directions such as intelligent closed-loop control, multimodal combined interventions, and integration of optogenetic technology. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for optimizing the rehabilitation strategy of foot drop after stroke.

Key words

Functional electrical stimulation / Stroke / Foot drop / Neuronal plasticity / Closed-loop control

引用本文

王沐, 刘梅, 王倩. 功能性电刺激在脑卒中后足下垂康复中的研究进展. 现代仪器与医疗, 2026 , 32 (4) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.11876/mimt202604008

Mu Wang, Mei Liu, Qian Wang. Research progress of functional electrical stimulation in the rehabilitation of foot drop after stroke[J]. Modern Instruments & Medical Treatment, 2026 , 32 (4) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.11876/mimt202604008

参考文献

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2026年第32卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.11876/mimt202604008

接收时间：2026-04-10
首发时间：2026-10-23
出版时间：2026-08-10

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收稿日期：2026-04-10

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^1.青海大学临床医学院，西宁　810000

^2.青海大学附属医院康复医学科，西宁　810000

通讯作者:

刘梅，女，本科，主任医师，研究方向：神经康复与重症康复

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科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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