现代仪器与医疗

单细胞测序仪器平台与生物信息学分析体系的协同演进

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王亚男 ^a^,^b^,^c^,^d , 晏菲 ^e , 印明柱 ^a^,^b^,^c^,^d , 李鑫 ^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^*

现代仪器与医疗 | 医学工程 2026,32(3): 25-33

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现代仪器与医疗 |医学工程 2026 , 32 (3) : 25 -33

单细胞测序仪器平台与生物信息学分析体系的协同演进

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王亚男^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, 晏菲^e, 印明柱^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, 李鑫^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^*

作者信息

^a.重庆大学附属三峡医院　临床研究中心，重庆　404000

^b.重庆大学附属三峡医院　医学病理中心，重庆　404000

^c.重庆大学附属三峡医院　肿瘤早期诊治中心，重庆　404000

^d.重庆大学附属三峡医院　转化医学研究中心，重庆　404000

^e.重庆大学附属三峡医院　重庆市老年疾病临床医学研究中心，重庆　404000

通讯作者:

李鑫，女，博士研究生，副研究员，研究方向：复杂疾病微环境调控机制研究

作者简介:

王亚男，女，硕士研究生，助理研究员，研究方向：分子病理、药理学；

晏菲，男，博士研究生，副研究员，研究方向：生物力学与康复工程

Co-evolution of single-cell sequencing platforms and bioinformatics analytical frameworks

Yanan Wang^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, Fei Yan^e, Mingzhu Yin^a^,^b^,^c^,^d, Xin Li^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^*

Affiliations

^a.Clinical Research Center (CRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China

^b.Medical Pathology Center (MPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China

^c.Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center (CEDTC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China

^d.Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China

^e.Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China

出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.11876/mimt202603004

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摘要

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单细胞测序技术的发展使生命科学研究由群体平均测量逐步走向细胞分辨率，为理解组织内部的异质性及细胞状态变化提供了新的研究手段。该技术体系的持续进步不仅源于测序化学的改良，也与微流控液滴、分子条形码标记、长读长测序及空间分辨检测等仪器平台的不断优化密切相关。不同技术路线在测序通量、读长特征与噪声结构等方面存在差异，这些差异在很大程度上影响了后续数据处理方式，并推动生物信息学分析方法持续调整与发展。本文结合单细胞测序仪器平台的主要工程路径，对物理分选、微流控系统、长读长测序及空间技术等代表性方案进行梳理，同时讨论条形码与唯一分子标识（unique molecular identifier，UMI）所塑造的数据结构特征、高稀疏性带来的统计建模问题，以及大规模数据分析对计算框架提出的要求，并对单细胞测序与生物信息学平台在自动化、多模态整合及计算能力提升方面的发展趋势进行概述，以期为相关技术体系的优化提供参考。

关键词

单细胞测序 / 微流控 / 分子条形码 / 长读长测序 / 空间转录组 / 生物信息学

Abstract

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With the development of single-cell sequencing technology, life science research has gradually moved from population average measurement to cell resolution, which provides a new research method for understanding the heterogeneity and cell state changes within tissues. The continuous progress of this technology system is not only due to the improvement of sequencing chemistry, but also closely related to the continuous optimization of instrument platforms such as microfluidic droplets, molecular barcoding, long-read sequencing and spatially resolved detection. Different technical routes have differences in sequencing throughput, read length characteristics and noise structure, which largely affect the subsequent data processing methods and promote the continuous adjustment and development of bioinformatics analysis methods. Combined with the main engineering paths of the single-cell sequencing instrument platform, this paper combs the representative solutions such as physical sorting, microfluidic system, long-read sequencing and space technology. At the same time, we discuss the characteristics of data structure shaped by barcodes and unique molecular identifiers (UMI), the statistical modeling problem caused by high sparsity, and the requirements of computational framework for large-scale data analysis. In addition, the development trend of single-cell sequencing and bioinformatics platforms in automation, multimodal integration and computing power improvement are summarized, in order to provide reference for the optimization of related technical systems.

Key words

Single-cell sequencing / Microfluidics / Molecular barcoding / Long-read sequencing / Spatial transcriptomics / Bioinformatics

引用本文

王亚男, 晏菲, 印明柱, 李鑫. 单细胞测序仪器平台与生物信息学分析体系的协同演进. 现代仪器与医疗, 2026 , 32 (3) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.11876/mimt202603004

Yanan Wang, Fei Yan, Mingzhu Yin, Xin Li. Co-evolution of single-cell sequencing platforms and bioinformatics analytical frameworks[J]. Modern Instruments & Medical Treatment, 2026 , 32 (3) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.11876/mimt202603004

基金

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重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目青年（医师）科学家项目(2025QNKX004)
新重庆青年创新人才项目(CSTB2025YITP-QCRCX0005)

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2026年第32卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.11876/mimt202603004

接收时间：2026-02-27
首发时间：2026-10-23
出版时间：2026-06-10

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收稿日期：2026-02-27

基金

重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目青年（医师）科学家项目(2025QNKX004)

新重庆青年创新人才项目(CSTB2025YITP-QCRCX0005)

作者信息

^a.重庆大学附属三峡医院　临床研究中心，重庆　404000

^b.重庆大学附属三峡医院　医学病理中心，重庆　404000

^c.重庆大学附属三峡医院　肿瘤早期诊治中心，重庆　404000

^d.重庆大学附属三峡医院　转化医学研究中心，重庆　404000

^e.重庆大学附属三峡医院　重庆市老年疾病临床医学研究中心，重庆　404000

通讯作者:

李鑫，女，博士研究生，副研究员，研究方向：复杂疾病微环境调控机制研究

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyqyyl/CN/10.11876/mimt202603004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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