Article(id=1284794226126852278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, issueId=1284794217658560734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1784248413830, onlineDateStr=2026-07-17, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784248413830, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784248413830, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784248413830, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284794217658560734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='814', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783180800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-05', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784248411812, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784252840208, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284812791785689442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, issueId=1284794217658560734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284812791785689443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, issueId=1284794217658560734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=120, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284794226424647864, articleId=1284794226126852278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, language=EN, title=DC-LINK VOLTAGE RIPPLE SUPPRESSION STRATEGY FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTERS BASED ON ADAPTIVE THIRD-HARMONIC INJECTION, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=The cascaded H-bridge topology exhibits distinct advantages in the field of photovoltaic (PV) power generation with its modular design, smaller filtering inductance, and simplified layout. However, the three-phase cascaded H-bridge inevitably inherits the inherent issue of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, namely, double-line frequency voltage ripple on the DC-link. This issue leads to an output voltage deviation of photovoltaic array from its maximum power point, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency of system. To address this issue, this paper presents an innovative control method based on adaptive third-harmonic injection, which effectively avoids over-modulation risks under varying power factor angles. The method can calculate the optimal third-harmonic injection based on the real-time operating conditions of the system, thereby achieving optimal suppression of DC-link voltage ripple. Finally, a full-scale experimental platform is constructed, and experimental results confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method., authors=Lin Shan1 , Zhao Tao2 , Nong Xingzhong1 , Zhu Honggang2 , Wang Chunfang2 , authorsList=Lin Shan, Zhao Tao, Nong Xingzhong, Zhu Honggang, Wang Chunfang, authorCompany=1. Guangzhou Metro Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510010, China; 2. School of Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284794226349150391, articleId=1284794226126852278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840536528293913, language=CN, title=基于自适应三次谐波注入的级联H桥逆变器直流侧电压纹波抑制策略, columnId=null, journalTitle=太阳能学报, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=针对三相级联H桥拓扑直流侧电压会出现二倍电网电压频率的纹波问题,提出一种基于自适应三次谐波注入的控制策略,能够在功率因数角发生变化的情况下,有效避免过调制风险,并根据系统实时运行状态计算出最佳的三次谐波注入量,从而实现对直流侧电压纹波的最优抑制。该策略能够有效抑制光伏阵列偏离最大功率点运行的问题,从而提高系统的发电量。最后,构建全实物实验平台,并通过实验结果证明所提策略的有效性和可行性。, authors=林珊1 , 赵涛2 , 农兴中1 , 朱泓钢2 , 王春芳2 , authorsList=林珊, 赵涛, 农兴中, 朱泓钢, 王春芳, authorCompany=1.广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司,广州 510010; 2.青岛大学电气工程学院,青岛 266071, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IYF2VK0fCSwPEqxf0Sue6w==, pdfFileSize=7039238, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=国家自然科学基金青年项目(52307209); 广州市科技计划项目(2024B04J0011))}, authors=[Author(id=1291097900306637560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, articleId=1284794226126852278, 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detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/tynxb/EN/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/tynxb/CN/PDF/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/tynxb/EN/PDF/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1783180800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=[1] 国家能源局. 太阳能发展“十三五”规划[J]. 太阳能, 2016(12): 5-14, 24. National Energy Administration.13th FYP development plan for solar energy[J]. Solar energy, 2016(12): 5-14, 24. [2] 肖钧文, 黄辉先, 刘晓舟. 大规模风光储并网碳经济性评估[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(6): 171-177. XIAO J W, HUANG H X, LIU X Z.Carbon economy evaluation of large-scale wind-solar-storage power[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2020, 41(6): 171-177. [3] 林珊, 赵涛, 农兴中, 等. 相间短路故障条件下级联H桥光伏逆变器的有功功率回流抑制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(3): 470-479. LIN S, ZHAO T, NONG X Z, et al.An active power backflow suppression strategy for cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter under inter-phase short-circuit fault conditions[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(3): 470-479. [4] 姚玉璧, 郑绍忠, 杨扬, 等. 中国太阳能资源评估及其利用效率研究进展与展望[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(10): 524-535. YAO Y B, ZHENG S Z, YANG Y, et al.Progress and prospects on solar energy resource evaluation and utilization efficiency in China[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(10): 524-535. [5] 胡文华, 文森林, 彭修纲, 等. 一种新型多电平逆变器拓扑及调制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(7): 486-493. HU W H, WEN S L, PENG X G, et al.Research on a novel multilevel inverter topology and modulation strategy[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(7): 486-493. [6] 赵涛, 张兴, 毛旺, 等. 基于无功补偿的级联H桥光伏逆变器功率不平衡控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(17): 5076-5085. ZHAO T, ZHANG X, MAO W, et al.Control strategy for cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter under unbalanced power conditions based on reactive compensation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(17): 5076-5085. [7] WANG H R, WANG H, ZHU G R, et al.An overview of capacitive DC-links-topology derivation and scalability analysis[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2020, 35(2): 1805-1829. [8] 杨洋, 阮新波, 叶志红. 无电解电容AC/DC LED驱动电源中减小输出电流脉动的前馈控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(21): 18-25. YANG Y, RUAN X B, YE Z H.A feed-forward scheme to reduce output current ripple of an electrolytic capacitor-less AC/DC LED driver[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(21): 18-25. [9] QIN Z A, TANG Y, LOH P C, et al.Benchmark of AC and DC active power decoupling circuits for second-order harmonic mitigation in kilowatt-scale single-phase inverters[J]. IEEE journal of emerging and selected topics in power electronics, 2016, 4(1): 15-25. [10] FAROOQI M Z, SINGH B, PANIGRAHI B K.Reduced sensor-based model predictive control of power decoupling circuit for on-board EV charger[J]. IEEE transactions on transportation electrification, 2023, 9(2): 2104-2114. [11] ZHANG R, WANG S L, MA J P, et al.Centralized active power decoupling method for the CHB converter with reduced components and simplified control[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2024, 39(1): 47-52. [12] MAJMUNOVIĆ B, MUKHERJEE S, MARTIN T, et al.1 kV, 10-kW SiC-based quadruple active bridge DCX stage in a DC to three-phase AC module for medium-voltage grid integration[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2022, 37(12): 14631-14646. [13] MALLIK R, MAJMUNOVIĆ B, DUTTA S, et al.Control design of series-connected PV-powered grid-forming converters via singular perturbation[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2023, 38(4): 4306-4322. [14] 党兴华, 潘尚智, 葛晓露, 等. 一种新型模块化三相光伏逆变器及其分布式控制策略[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(6): 100-109. DANG X H, PAN S Z, GE X L, et al.Novel modular three-phase photovoltaic inverter and its distributed control strategy[J]. Journal of power supply, 2024, 22(6): 100-109. [15] 葛晓露, 潘尚智, 党兴华, 等. 模块化三相光伏逆变器及其分布式自适应升压控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(3): 533-541. GE X L, PAN S Z, DANG X H, et al.Modular three-phase photovoltaic inverter and its distributed adaptive boost control strategy[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(3): 533-541. [16] FUJITA H.A single-phase active filter using an H-bridge PWM converter with a sampling frequency quadruple of the switching frequency[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2009, 24(4): 934-941. [17] TSUNO K, SHIMIZU T, WADA K, et al.Optimization of the DC ripple energy compensating circuit on a single-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[C]//2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany, 2004: 316-321. [18] WANG R X, WANG F, BOROYEVICH D, et al.A high power density single-phase PWM rectifier with active ripple energy storage[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2011, 26(5): 1430-1443. [19] SUN D S, GE B M, YAN X Y, et al.Modeling, impedance design, and efficiency analysis of quasi- $Z$ source module in cascaded multilevel photovoltaic power system[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2014, 61(11): 6108-6117. [20] 王明达, 张兴, 赵涛, 等. 一种优化的单相级联H桥逆变器三次谐波补偿策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(4): 1073-1081, 1400. WANG M D, ZHANG X, ZHAO T, et al.An optimized third harmonic compensation strategy for single-phase cascaded H-bridge inverter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(4): 1073-1081, 1400. [21] HU Y H, ZHANG X, MAO W, et al.An optimized third harmonic injection method for reducing DC-link voltage fluctuation and alleviating power imbalance of three-phase cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2020, 67(4): 2488-2498. [22] 牛春豪, 徐永海. 考虑波动功率耦合的电力电子变压器电容电压纹波抑制方法研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2025, 62(1): 208-216. NIU C H, XU Y H.Research on capacitor voltage ripple suppression method for power electronic transformer considering fluctuating power coupling[J]. Electrical measurement & instrumentation, 2025, 62(1): 208-216.)
太阳能学报
2026
, 47
(6) :
120
-130
基于自适应三次谐波注入的级联H桥逆变器直流侧电压纹波抑制策略
全屏
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林珊, 赵涛, 农兴中, 朱泓钢, 王春芳
作者信息
DC-LINK VOLTAGE RIPPLE SUPPRESSION STRATEGY FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTERS BASED ON ADAPTIVE THIRD-HARMONIC INJECTION
Lin Shan, Zhao Tao, Nong Xingzhong, Zhu Honggang, Wang Chunfang
Affiliations
1. Guangzhou Metro Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510010, China; 2. School of Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213
文章导航
针对三相级联H桥拓扑直流侧电压会出现二倍电网电压频率的纹波问题,提出一种基于自适应三次谐波注入的控制策略,能够在功率因数角发生变化的情况下,有效避免过调制风险,并根据系统实时运行状态计算出最佳的三次谐波注入量,从而实现对直流侧电压纹波的最优抑制。该策略能够有效抑制光伏阵列偏离最大功率点运行的问题,从而提高系统的发电量。最后,构建全实物实验平台,并通过实验结果证明所提策略的有效性和可行性。
光伏发电
/
桥式电路
/
控制系统
/
级联H桥
/
二倍工频纹波
/
自适应三次谐波注入
/
非单位功率因数
The cascaded H-bridge topology exhibits distinct advantages in the field of photovoltaic (PV) power generation with its modular design, smaller filtering inductance, and simplified layout. However, the three-phase cascaded H-bridge inevitably inherits the inherent issue of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, namely, double-line frequency voltage ripple on the DC-link. This issue leads to an output voltage deviation of photovoltaic array from its maximum power point, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency of system. To address this issue, this paper presents an innovative control method based on adaptive third-harmonic injection, which effectively avoids over-modulation risks under varying power factor angles. The method can calculate the optimal third-harmonic injection based on the real-time operating conditions of the system, thereby achieving optimal suppression of DC-link voltage ripple. Finally, a full-scale experimental platform is constructed, and experimental results confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
PV power generation
/
bridge circuit
/
control system
/
cascaded H-Bridge
/
double-power fequency ripple
/
adaptive third-harmonic injection
/
non-unity power factor
林珊, 赵涛, 农兴中, 朱泓钢, 王春芳.
基于自适应三次谐波注入的级联H桥逆变器直流侧电压纹波抑制策略.
太阳能学报,
2026
, 47
(6)
: 120
-130
.
DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213
Lin Shan, Zhao Tao, Nong Xingzhong, Zhu Honggang, Wang Chunfang.
DC-LINK VOLTAGE RIPPLE SUPPRESSION STRATEGY FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTERS BASED ON ADAPTIVE THIRD-HARMONIC INJECTION[J].
Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica ,
2026
, 47
(6)
: 120
-130
.
DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213
参考文献
引证文献
[1] 国家能源局. 太阳能发展“十三五”规划[J]. 太阳能, 2016(12): 5-14, 24. National Energy Administration.13th FYP development plan for solar energy[J]. Solar energy, 2016(12): 5-14, 24. [2] 肖钧文, 黄辉先, 刘晓舟. 大规模风光储并网碳经济性评估[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(6): 171-177. XIAO J W, HUANG H X, LIU X Z.Carbon economy evaluation of large-scale wind-solar-storage power[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2020, 41(6): 171-177. [3] 林珊, 赵涛, 农兴中, 等. 相间短路故障条件下级联H桥光伏逆变器的有功功率回流抑制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(3): 470-479. LIN S, ZHAO T, NONG X Z, et al.An active power backflow suppression strategy for cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter under inter-phase short-circuit fault conditions[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(3): 470-479. [4] 姚玉璧, 郑绍忠, 杨扬, 等. 中国太阳能资源评估及其利用效率研究进展与展望[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(10): 524-535. YAO Y B, ZHENG S Z, YANG Y, et al.Progress and prospects on solar energy resource evaluation and utilization efficiency in China[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(10): 524-535. [5] 胡文华, 文森林, 彭修纲, 等. 一种新型多电平逆变器拓扑及调制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(7): 486-493. HU W H, WEN S L, PENG X G, et al.Research on a novel multilevel inverter topology and modulation strategy[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(7): 486-493. [6] 赵涛, 张兴, 毛旺, 等. 基于无功补偿的级联H桥光伏逆变器功率不平衡控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(17): 5076-5085. ZHAO T, ZHANG X, MAO W, et al.Control strategy for cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter under unbalanced power conditions based on reactive compensation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(17): 5076-5085. [7] WANG H R, WANG H, ZHU G R, et al.An overview of capacitive DC-links-topology derivation and scalability analysis[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2020, 35(2): 1805-1829. [8] 杨洋, 阮新波, 叶志红. 无电解电容AC/DC LED驱动电源中减小输出电流脉动的前馈控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(21): 18-25. YANG Y, RUAN X B, YE Z H.A feed-forward scheme to reduce output current ripple of an electrolytic capacitor-less AC/DC LED driver[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(21): 18-25. [9] QIN Z A, TANG Y, LOH P C, et al.Benchmark of AC and DC active power decoupling circuits for second-order harmonic mitigation in kilowatt-scale single-phase inverters[J]. IEEE journal of emerging and selected topics in power electronics, 2016, 4(1): 15-25. [10] FAROOQI M Z, SINGH B, PANIGRAHI B K.Reduced sensor-based model predictive control of power decoupling circuit for on-board EV charger[J]. IEEE transactions on transportation electrification, 2023, 9(2): 2104-2114. [11] ZHANG R, WANG S L, MA J P, et al.Centralized active power decoupling method for the CHB converter with reduced components and simplified control[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2024, 39(1): 47-52. [12] MAJMUNOVIĆ B, MUKHERJEE S, MARTIN T, et al.1 kV, 10-kW SiC-based quadruple active bridge DCX stage in a DC to three-phase AC module for medium-voltage grid integration[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2022, 37(12): 14631-14646. [13] MALLIK R, MAJMUNOVIĆ B, DUTTA S, et al.Control design of series-connected PV-powered grid-forming converters via singular perturbation[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2023, 38(4): 4306-4322. [14] 党兴华, 潘尚智, 葛晓露, 等. 一种新型模块化三相光伏逆变器及其分布式控制策略[J]. 电源学报, 2024, 22(6): 100-109. DANG X H, PAN S Z, GE X L, et al.Novel modular three-phase photovoltaic inverter and its distributed control strategy[J]. Journal of power supply, 2024, 22(6): 100-109. [15] 葛晓露, 潘尚智, 党兴华, 等. 模块化三相光伏逆变器及其分布式自适应升压控制策略[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(3): 533-541. GE X L, PAN S Z, DANG X H, et al.Modular three-phase photovoltaic inverter and its distributed adaptive boost control strategy[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2024, 45(3): 533-541. [16] FUJITA H.A single-phase active filter using an H-bridge PWM converter with a sampling frequency quadruple of the switching frequency[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2009, 24(4): 934-941. [17] TSUNO K, SHIMIZU T, WADA K, et al.Optimization of the DC ripple energy compensating circuit on a single-phase voltage source PWM rectifier[C]//2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany, 2004: 316-321. [18] WANG R X, WANG F, BOROYEVICH D, et al.A high power density single-phase PWM rectifier with active ripple energy storage[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2011, 26(5): 1430-1443. [19] SUN D S, GE B M, YAN X Y, et al.Modeling, impedance design, and efficiency analysis of quasi- $Z$ source module in cascaded multilevel photovoltaic power system[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2014, 61(11): 6108-6117. [20] 王明达, 张兴, 赵涛, 等. 一种优化的单相级联H桥逆变器三次谐波补偿策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(4): 1073-1081, 1400. WANG M D, ZHANG X, ZHAO T, et al.An optimized third harmonic compensation strategy for single-phase cascaded H-bridge inverter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(4): 1073-1081, 1400. [21] HU Y H, ZHANG X, MAO W, et al.An optimized third harmonic injection method for reducing DC-link voltage fluctuation and alleviating power imbalance of three-phase cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2020, 67(4): 2488-2498. [22] 牛春豪, 徐永海. 考虑波动功率耦合的电力电子变压器电容电压纹波抑制方法研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2025, 62(1): 208-216. NIU C H, XU Y H.Research on capacitor voltage ripple suppression method for power electronic transformer considering fluctuating power coupling[J]. Electrical measurement & instrumentation, 2025, 62(1): 208-216.
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doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2025-0213
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family 属数 Number of genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 属 Genus 种数 Number of species 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78 小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39 红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87 小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26 光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39 红菇属 Russula 17 8.13 栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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