Article(id=1263915150470427296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020, pmid=null, cstr=32148.14.kygl.2026.03.020, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=1734364800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779270454279, onlineDateStr=2026-05-20, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779270454279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779270454279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779270454279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1263915140974502579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='208', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779270452016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779272730798, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=199, endPage=208, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1263915153314165425, articleId=1263915150470427296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, language=EN, title=Research on the impact of patent pledge on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science Research Management, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The patent pledge financing policy is an important path to help enterprises to alleviate difficulties,which is of far-reaching significance for enterprises to optimize their asset structure and achieve high-quality development. However,there is a lack of research on the impact of patent pledge financing policies on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure. This paper used a multi-period DID method to test the impact of patent pledge pilot policy on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure based on the sample of China's A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2022. This paper found that the pilot policy of patent pledge can reduce the deviation of corporate capital structure. The mechanism analysis showed that the role of patent pledge pilot policy in reducing capital structure deviation is mainly achieved by alleviating financing constraints. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the reduction effect of patent pledge pilot policy on the deviation of corporate capital structure is more obvious in enterprises with non-state-owned nature,smaller scale and higher level of industry competition. From the perspective of adjustment speed,the patent pledge pilot policy can improve the speed of corporate capital structure adjustment;and after distinguishing the adjustment direction,it was found that the patent pledge pilot policy can not only improve the upward adjustment speed of corporate capital structure,but also improve the downward adjustment speed of corporate capital structure. From the perspective of adjustment methods,the patent pledge pilot policy mainly improves the speed of corporate capital structure adjustment through debt financing. This study will not only enrich the related research on the influencing factors of dynamic adjustment of enterprise capital structure and the economic effect of patent pledge policy,but also provide decision-making reference for further execution of the pilot work of patent pledge and optimization of the financing structure of enterprises.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao Feng, Shiqun Ma), CN=ArticleExt(id=1263915155658781413, articleId=1263915150470427296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, language=CN, title=专利质押对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究, columnId=0, journalTitle=科研管理, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

专利质押融资政策是助企纾困解难的重要路径,对于企业优化自身资产结构、实现高质量发展具有深远意义。然而,现有关于专利质押融资政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究较为缺乏。本文以2001—2022年中国A股上市公司为样本,采用多期DID方法检验了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响。本文研究发现,专利质押试点政策能够降低企业资本结构偏离度。机制分析表明,专利质押试点政策降低资本结构偏离度的作用主要通过缓解融资约束来实现。异质性分析发现,专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的降低作用在非国有性质、规模较小和行业竞争水平较高的企业中更加明显。从调整速度来看,专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构调整速度;区分调整方向后发现,专利质押试点政策既能够提高企业资本结构向上调整速度,又能够提高企业资本结构向下调整速度;从调整方式来看,专利质押试点政策主要通过债务融资方式提高企业资本结构调整速度。本研究不仅丰富了企业资本结构动态调整影响因素和专利质押政策经济效果的相关研究,还为深入开展专利质押试点工作、优化企业融资结构提供了决策参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马世群,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=THhDKQD9kjQPVXbIF5ihzg==, magXml=zQJ3Rz1HJqHJSKuhLDkt7w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yLZh8yUmxiz2xfmIrqlw4A==, pdfFileSize=1167523, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=o+GlAt5Pm6v+fsrD//zY7g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yb/tSoJd/Z2oCF5h65nZjg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

封 超(1997—),女(汉),山东青岛人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:公司金融。

马世群(1996—),男(汉),山东烟台人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:国际金融。

, authorsList=封超, 马世群)}, authors=[Author(id=1263915157869179635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1263915158292804351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, authorId=1263915157869179635, language=EN, stringName=Chao Feng, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=Feng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1263915158989058823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, authorId=1263915157869179635, language=CN, stringName=封超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002, bio={"content":"

封 超(1997—),女(汉),山东青岛人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:公司金融。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

封 超(1997—),女(汉),山东青岛人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:公司金融。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263915156317287147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156325675756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156334064365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002)])]), Author(id=1263915159773393682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shiqunmasdufe@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1263915160406733592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, authorId=1263915159773393682, language=EN, stringName=Shiqun Ma, firstName=Shiqun, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1263915162474525477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, authorId=1263915159773393682, language=CN, stringName=马世群, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002, bio={"content":"

马世群(1996—),男(汉),山东烟台人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:国际金融。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

马世群(1996—),男(汉),山东烟台人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:国际金融。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263915156317287147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156325675756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156334064365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1263915164139664182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=patent pledge financing), Keyword(id=1263915164810752830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=dynamic adjustment of capital structure), Keyword(id=1263915166824018755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=financing constraint), Keyword(id=1263915167163757383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=multi-period DID method), Keyword(id=1263915167629325132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=专利质押融资), Keyword(id=1263915168329773908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=资本结构动态调整), Keyword(id=1263915168866644825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=融资约束), Keyword(id=1263915169328018271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=多期DID)], refs=[Reference(id=1263915180954629078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=92, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=巫岑, 黎文飞, 唐清泉, journalName=金融研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=巫岑, 黎文飞, 唐清泉. 产业政策与企业资本结构调整速度[J]. 金融研究, 2019(4): 92-110., articleTitle=产业政策与企业资本结构调整速度, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915181420196828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=92, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WU Cen, LI Wenfei, TANG Qingquan, journalName=Journal of Financial Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Cen, LI Wenfei, TANG Qingquan. Industrial policy and the speed of leverage adjustment[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2019(4): 92-110., articleTitle=Industrial policy and the speed of leverage adjustment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915181520860128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=19, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=FISCHER E O, HEINKEL R, ZECHNER J, journalName=Journal of Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FISCHER E O, HEINKEL R, ZECHNER J. Dynamic capital structure choice: Theory and tests[J]. Journal of Finance, 1989, 44(1):19-40., articleTitle=Dynamic capital structure choice: Theory and tests, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915181776712675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=79, issue=3, pageStart=469, pageEnd=506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=FLANNERY M J, RANGAN K P, journalName=Journal of Financial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FLANNERY M J, RANGAN K P. Partial adjustment toward target capital structures[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2006, 79(3):469-506., articleTitle=Partial adjustment toward target capital structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915181902541800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=633, pageEnd=650, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=FISCHER T, RINGLER P, journalName=Journal of Business Venturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FISCHER T, RINGLER P. What patents are used as collateral? An empirical analysis of patent reassignment data[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2014, 29(5): 633-650., articleTitle=What patents are used as collateral? An empirical analysis of patent reassignment data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182024176619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=142, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=张超, 张晓琴, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张超, 张晓琴. 专利权质押融资影响出质企业绩效的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2020, 41(1): 142-151., articleTitle=专利权质押融资影响出质企业绩效的实证研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182129034224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=142, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Xiaoqin, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Xiaoqin. Empirical study on the impact of patent pledge financing on the performance of pledged enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2020, 41(1):142-151., articleTitle=Empirical study on the impact of patent pledge financing on the performance of pledged enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182200337395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=130, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MANN W, journalName=Journal of Financial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MANN W. Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2018, 130(1): 25-47., articleTitle=Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182317777913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=170, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=赵振洋, 钟张慧, 李新丽, journalName=科研管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵振洋, 钟张慧, 李新丽, . 专利质押行权促进中小微企业创新的机制研究[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(12): 170-178., articleTitle=专利质押行权促进中小微企业创新的机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182468772860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=170, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHAO Zhenyang, ZHONG Zhanghui, LI Xinli, journalName=Science Research Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Zhenyang, ZHONG Zhanghui, LI Xinli, et al. Research on the mechanism of patent pledge right exercising to promote the innovation of micro-,small-,and medium-sized enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(12): 170-178., articleTitle=Research on the mechanism of patent pledge right exercising to promote the innovation of micro-,small-,and medium-sized enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182607183872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=55, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=俞剑, 刘晓光, journalName=经济理论与经济管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=俞剑, 刘晓光. 专利权质押与企业创新[J]. 经济理论与经济管理, 2024, 44(1):55-70., articleTitle=专利权质押与企业创新, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182800121863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=55, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=YU Jian, LIU Xiaoguang, journalName=Economic Theory and Business Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Jian, LIU Xiaoguang. Patent pledge and firm innovation[J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2024, 44(1):55-70., articleTitle=Patent pledge and firm innovation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915182925950986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=70, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=余明桂, 王俐璇, 赵文婷, journalName=数量经济技术经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余明桂, 王俐璇, 赵文婷, . 专利质押、融资约束与企业劳动雇佣[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2022, 39(9): 70-93., articleTitle=专利质押、融资约束与企业劳动雇佣, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915184922439692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=70, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YU Minggui, WANG Lixuan, ZHAO Wenting, journalName=Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Minggui, WANG Lixuan, ZHAO Wenting, et al. Patent collateral, financial constraints and corporate employment[J]. Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics, 2022, 39(9): 70-93., articleTitle=Patent collateral, financial constraints and corporate employment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915185081823247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=199, pageEnd=241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=HESHMATI A, journalName=Research in Banking and Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HESHMATI A. The dynamics of capital structure: Evidence from Swedish micro and small firms[J]. Research in Banking and Finance, 2001(2): 199-241., articleTitle=The dynamics of capital structure: Evidence from Swedish micro and small firms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915185325092882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=1323, pageEnd=1344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=KISGEN D J, journalName=Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KISGEN D J. Do firms target credit ratings or leverage levels?[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2009, 44(6): 1323-1344., articleTitle=Do firms target credit ratings or leverage levels?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915185438339095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=52, issue=null, pageStart=178, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=DIERKER M, LEE I, SEO S W, journalName=Journal of Empirical Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIERKER M, LEE I, SEO S W. Risk changes and external financing activities: Tests of the dynamic trade-off theory of capital structure[J]. Journal of Empirical Finance, 2019, 52:178-200., articleTitle=Risk changes and external financing activities: Tests of the dynamic trade-off theory of capital structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915185715163160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=153, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=张博, 韩亚东, 李广众, journalName=金融研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张博, 韩亚东, 李广众. 高管团队内部治理与企业资本结构调整:基于非CEO高管独立性的视角[J]. 金融研究, 2021(2): 153-170., articleTitle=高管团队内部治理与企业资本结构调整:基于非CEO高管独立性的视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915185929072670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=153, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=ZHANG Bo, HAN Yadong, LI Guangzhong, journalName=Journal of Financial Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Bo, HAN Yadong, LI Guangzhong. Internal governance and capital structure adjustment: Evidence from the perspective of non-CEO executives' independence[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2021(2): 153-170., articleTitle=Internal governance and capital structure adjustment: Evidence from the perspective of non-CEO executives' independence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186080067615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=173, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=戴雨晴, 李心合, journalName=经济管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戴雨晴, 李心合. 管理层权力制衡强度与资本结构调整速度:基于债务约束效应视角[J]. 经济管理, 2021, 43(4): 173-190., articleTitle=管理层权力制衡强度与资本结构调整速度:基于债务约束效应视角, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186285588513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=173, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=DAI Yuqing, LI Xinhe, journalName=Business and Management Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI Yuqing, LI Xinhe. Management power balance intensity and adjustment speed of capital structure: From the perspective of debt constraint effect[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2021, 43(4): 173-190., articleTitle=Management power balance intensity and adjustment speed of capital structure: From the perspective of debt constraint effect, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186419806247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=FAN J P H, TITMAN S, TWITE G, journalName=Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN J P H, TITMAN S, TWITE G. An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2012, 47(1): 23-56., articleTitle=An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186583384107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=22, authorNames=谢铖, 陈平社, 王国宇, journalName=财经科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢铖, 陈平社, 王国宇. 金融周期视角下的企业资本结构调整机制[J]. 财经科学, 2021 (1): 40-52., articleTitle=金融周期视角下的企业资本结构调整机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186658881580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=40, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=23, authorNames=XIE Cheng, CHEN Pingshe, WANG Guoyu, journalName=Finance & Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Cheng, CHEN Pingshe, WANG Guoyu. A research on dynamic adjustment mechanism of enterprise capital structure from the perspective of financial cycle[J]. Finance & Economics, 2021(1): 40-52., articleTitle=A research on dynamic adjustment mechanism of enterprise capital structure from the perspective of financial cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186856013870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=101574, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=24, authorNames=GAN L, LYU W, CHEN Y, journalName=Finance Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAN L, LYU W, CHEN Y. Capital structure adjustment speed over the business cycle[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2021, 39: 101574., articleTitle=Capital structure adjustment speed over the business cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915186960871474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=41, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=潘爱玲, 凌润泽, 李彬, journalName=经济管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘爱玲, 凌润泽, 李彬. 供应链金融如何服务实体经济:基于资本结构调整的微观证据[J]. 经济管理, 2021, 43(8): 41-55., articleTitle=供应链金融如何服务实体经济:基于资本结构调整的微观证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915187137032248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=41, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=26, authorNames=PAN Ailing, LING Runze, LI Bin, journalName=Business and Management Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Ailing, LING Runze, LI Bin. How does supply chain finance serve the real economy? Evidence from adjustment of capital structure[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2021, 43(8): 41-55., articleTitle=How does supply chain finance serve the real economy? Evidence from adjustment of capital structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915187300610108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=null, pageStart=104461, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=CHEN Z, LI Y, LIN Y, journalName=Finance Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Z, LI Y, LIN Y, et al. Business environment and corporate financing decisions: From the perspective of dynamic adjustment of capital structure[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2023, 58: 104461., articleTitle=Business environment and corporate financing decisions: From the perspective of dynamic adjustment of capital structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915187443216444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=49, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=张倩倩, 伏倚天, 张晓玫, journalName=财经科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张倩倩, 伏倚天, 张晓玫. 政策独立性如何影响中小企业资本结构调整速度:基于普惠金融的研究[J]. 财经科学, 2023(8): 49-64., articleTitle=政策独立性如何影响中小企业资本结构调整速度:基于普惠金融的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915189209018435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=49, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=29, authorNames=ZHANG Qianqian, FU Yitian, ZHANG Xiaomei, journalName=Finance & Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Qianqian, FU Yitian, ZHANG Xiaomei. How does the independence of inclusive financial policy affect the speed of capital structure adjustment of SMEs: Based on inclusive finance[J]. Finance & Economics, 2023(8): 49-64., articleTitle=How does the independence of inclusive financial policy affect the speed of capital structure adjustment of SMEs: Based on inclusive finance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915189464870980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=63, issue=6, pageStart=3069, pageEnd=3096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=Journal of Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BYOUN S. How and when do firms adjust their capital structures toward targets?[J]. Journal of Finance, 2008, 63(6): 3069-3096., articleTitle=BYOUN S. How and when do firms adjust their capital structures toward targets?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915189758472265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=1, pageStart=355, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=MASKUS K E, MILANI S, NEUMANN R, journalName=Research Policy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MASKUS K E, MILANI S, NEUMANN R. The impact of patent protection and financial development on industrial R&D[J]. Research Policy, 2019, 48(1): 355-370., articleTitle=The impact of patent protection and financial development on industrial R&D, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915189968187467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=7, pageStart=761, pageEnd=781, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=HSU D H, ZIEDONIS R H, journalName=Strategic Management Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HSU D H, ZIEDONIS R H. Resources as dual sources of advantage: Implications for valuing entrepreneurial-firm patents[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2013, 34(7): 761-781., articleTitle=Resources as dual sources of advantage: Implications for valuing entrepreneurial-firm patents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915190186291277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=130, issue=1, pageStart=74, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=HOCHBERG Y V, SERRANO C J, ZIEDONIS R H, journalName=Journal of Financial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOCHBERG Y V, SERRANO C J, ZIEDONIS R H. Patent collateral, investor commitment, and the market for venture lending[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2018, 130(1): 74-94., articleTitle=Patent collateral, investor commitment, and the market for venture lending, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915190429560911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=52, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=34, authorNames=朱超, 范志国, journalName=华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱超, 范志国. 数字金融与中小企业资本结构调整行为[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 37(2): 52-64., articleTitle=数字金融与中小企业资本结构调整行为, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915190551195731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=2, pageStart=52, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHU Chao, FAN Zhiguo, journalName=Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Chao, FAN Zhiguo. Digital finance and capital structure adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition), 2023, 37(2):52-64., articleTitle=Digital finance and capital structure adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915190983209045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=60, issue=6, pageStart=2575, pageEnd=2619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=LEARY M T, ROBERTS M R, journalName=Journal of Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEARY M T, ROBERTS M R. Do firms rebalance their capital structures?[J]. Journal of Finance, 2005, 60(6):2575-2619., articleTitle=Do firms rebalance their capital structures?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915191125815384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=103, issue=3, pageStart=632, pageEnd=646, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=FAULKENDER M, FLANNERY M J, HAMKINS K W, journalName=Journal of Financial Economics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAULKENDER M, FLANNERY M J, HAMKINS K W, et al. Cash flows and leverage adjustments[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2012, 103(3): 632-646., articleTitle=Cash flows and leverage adjustments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915191478136923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=23, issue=5, pageStart=1909, pageEnd=1940, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=38, authorNames=HADLOCK C J, PIERCE J R, journalName=Review of Financial Studies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HADLOCK C J, PIERCE J R. New evidence on measuring finance constraints: Moving beyond the KZ Index[J]. Review of Financial Studies, 2010, 23(5):1909-1940., articleTitle=New evidence on measuring finance constraints: Moving beyond the KZ Index, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915191746572382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=142, pageEnd=156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=39, authorNames=黄继承, 朱冰, 向东, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄继承, 朱冰, 向东. 法律环境与资本结构动态调整[J]. 管理世界, 2014(5): 142-156., articleTitle=法律环境与资本结构动态调整, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915191968870497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=142, pageEnd=156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=40, authorNames=HUANG Jicheng, ZHU Bing, XIANG Dong, journalName=Journal of Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Jicheng, ZHU Bing, XIANG Dong. Legal environment and dynamic adjustment of capital structure[J]. Journal of Management World, 2014(5): 142-156., articleTitle=Legal environment and dynamic adjustment of capital structure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915193843724388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=853, pageEnd=884, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=41, authorNames=CLARKE D, journalName=The Stata Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CLARKE D, TAPIA-Schythe K. Implementing the panel event study[J]. The Stata Journal, 2021, 21(4): 853-884., articleTitle=TAPIA-Schythe K. Implementing the panel event study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915194007302249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=395, pageEnd=411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=42, authorNames=胡佳胤, 姚洋, 宗铸, journalName=经济学(季刊), refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡佳胤, 姚洋, 宗铸. 国企违约与市场纪律:来自地方国企债券违约的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2024, 24(2):395-411., articleTitle=国企违约与市场纪律:来自地方国企债券违约的证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915194191851626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=2, pageStart=395, pageEnd=411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=43, authorNames=HU Jiayin, YAO Yang, ZONG Zhu, journalName=China Economic Quarterly, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Jiayin, YAO Yang, ZONG Zhu. SOE defaults and market discipline: Evidence from local SOE bond defaults in China[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2024, 24(2):395-411., articleTitle=SOE defaults and market discipline: Evidence from local SOE bond defaults in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915194451898477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=44, authorNames=FLANNERY M J, HANKINS K W, journalName=Journal of Corporate Finance, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FLANNERY M J, HANKINS K W. Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance[J]. Journal of Corporate Finance, 2013, 19: 1-19., articleTitle=Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1263915180203848648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, awardId=72273073, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(72273073), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915180526810061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, awardId=2023.01—2026.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(2023.01—2026.12), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263915156317287147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156325675756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156334064365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, companyId=1263915156317287147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1263915170624058213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Parallel trend test results, figureFileSmall=qzBf1VnkWT/O66kThRQTMw==, figureFileBig=o+GlAt5Pm6v+fsrD//zY7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915171358061415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平行趋势检验, figureFileSmall=qzBf1VnkWT/O66kThRQTMw==, figureFileBig=o+GlAt5Pm6v+fsrD//zY7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915172528272240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Placebo test results, figureFileSmall=L5Xl3gzqOGKtdB90pnU0DQ==, figureFileBig=CVM0MN+aR0Hj+vIpKGvgzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915173098697591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=图2, caption=安慰剂检验, figureFileSmall=L5Xl3gzqOGKtdB90pnU0DQ==, figureFileBig=CVM0MN+aR0Hj+vIpKGvgzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915173841089408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variables measuring capital structure adjustment methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 定义
Debtinc 增加债务:若于t年取得借款收到的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Equitydec 减少权益:若于t年分配股利、利润或偿付利息支付的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Debtdec 减少债务:若于t年偿还债务支付的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Equityinc 增加权益:若于t年吸收权益性投资收到的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
), ArticleFig(id=1263915174226965379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

资本结构调整方式变量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 定义
Debtinc 增加债务:若于t年取得借款收到的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Equitydec 减少权益:若于t年分配股利、利润或偿付利息支付的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Debtdec 减少债务:若于t年偿还债务支付的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
Equityinc 增加权益:若于t年吸收权益性投资收到的现金/年初总资产≥0.05,则取1,否则取0。
), ArticleFig(id=1263915175699166089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Definition of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 定义
AbsDev 资本结构偏离度:目标资本结构与实际资本结构差值的绝对值
TLEV 上一期实际资本结构与当期实际资本结构的差异:Levit-Le${{v}_{i}^{p}}_{,t-1}$
DEV 上一期实际资本结构与当期目标资本结构的差异:Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Le${{v}_{i}^{p}}_{,t-1}$
Size 企业规模:总资产的自然对数
MTB 成长性:总资产/(股票市场价值+负债价值)
EBIT 盈利能力:息税前利润/总资产
DEP 非债务税盾:固定资产折旧/总资产
PPE 资产有形性:固定资产/总资产
MLEV 既定年度既定行业资产负债率中位数
), ArticleFig(id=1263915175824995216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 定义
AbsDev 资本结构偏离度:目标资本结构与实际资本结构差值的绝对值
TLEV 上一期实际资本结构与当期实际资本结构的差异:Levit-Le${{v}_{i}^{p}}_{,t-1}$
DEV 上一期实际资本结构与当期目标资本结构的差异:Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Le${{v}_{i}^{p}}_{,t-1}$
Size 企业规模:总资产的自然对数
MTB 成长性:总资产/(股票市场价值+负债价值)
EBIT 盈利能力:息税前利润/总资产
DEP 非债务税盾:固定资产折旧/总资产
PPE 资产有形性:固定资产/总资产
MLEV 既定年度既定行业资产负债率中位数
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176085042063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Baseline regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
AbsDev AbsDev
Policy -0.002** -0.003**
(-2.057) (-2.252)
Size 0.003***
(4.098)
MTB -0.017***
(-9.080)
EBIT -0.031***
(-7.116)
DEP 0.030
(0.505)
PPE -0.027***
(-5.640)
MLEV 0.004
(0.546)
Constant 0.056*** 0.017
(30.452) (1.174)
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 44 055 43 426
R2 0.014 0.023
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176357671827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(1) (2)
AbsDev AbsDev
Policy -0.002** -0.003**
(-2.057) (-2.252)
Size 0.003***
(4.098)
MTB -0.017***
(-9.080)
EBIT -0.031***
(-7.116)
DEP 0.030
(0.505)
PPE -0.027***
(-5.640)
MLEV 0.004
(0.546)
Constant 0.056*** 0.017
(30.452) (1.174)
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 44 055 43 426
R2 0.014 0.023
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176751936408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mechanism analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
FC FC
Policy -0.167** -0.144**
(-2.212) (-2.263)
Size -0.176***
(-4.472)
MTB 1.458***
(14.844)
EBIT 12.453***
(49.779)
DEP 10.219***
(4.247)
PPE -2.607***
(-12.390)
MLEV -5.711***
(-15.010)
Constant 1.692**
(2.064)
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 39 070 39 070
R2 0.385 0.499
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176965845921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

机制分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
FC FC
Policy -0.167** -0.144**
(-2.212) (-2.263)
Size -0.176***
(-4.472)
MTB 1.458***
(14.844)
EBIT 12.453***
(49.779)
DEP 10.219***
(4.247)
PPE -2.607***
(-12.390)
MLEV -5.711***
(-15.010)
Constant 1.692**
(2.064)
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 39 070 39 070
R2 0.385 0.499
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177070703523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Heterogeneity analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
股权性质 公司规模 行业竞争水平
非国企 国企
AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev
Policy -0.004** 0.001 -0.001 -0.006*** -0.003** -0.000
(-2.512) (0.562) (-0.339) (-3.034) (-2.049) (-0.259)
Constant 0.027 -0.009 0.141*** -0.096*** 0.019 -0.018
(1.167) (-0.392) (5.517) (-3.074) (1.067) (-0.747)
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 22 545 17 170 21 779 21 647 24 985 18 441
R2 0.021 0.025 0.035 0.021 0.025 0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177200726951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

异质性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
股权性质 公司规模 行业竞争水平
非国企 国企
AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev AbsDev
Policy -0.004** 0.001 -0.001 -0.006*** -0.003** -0.000
(-2.512) (0.562) (-0.339) (-3.034) (-2.049) (-0.259)
Constant 0.027 -0.009 0.141*** -0.096*** 0.019 -0.018
(1.167) (-0.392) (5.517) (-3.074) (1.067) (-0.747)
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 22 545 17 170 21 779 21 647 24 985 18 441
R2 0.021 0.025 0.035 0.021 0.025 0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177326556075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Impacts of the patent pledge pilot policy on enterprise capital structure adjustment speed

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
TLEV TLEV
Policy*DEV 0.329*** 0.178**
(4.638) (2.361)
DEV 1.623*** -3.059***
(44.768) (-5.001)
Constant -0.015*** -0.011***
(-5.286) (-3.914)
Controls No Yes
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 38 335 37 771
R2 0.154 0.163
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177439802288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
TLEV TLEV
Policy*DEV 0.329*** 0.178**
(4.638) (2.361)
DEV 1.623*** -3.059***
(44.768) (-5.001)
Constant -0.015*** -0.011***
(-5.286) (-3.914)
Controls No Yes
Year FE Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes
N 38 335 37 771
R2 0.154 0.163
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177758569396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Regression results by distinguishing directions in adjustment of capital structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
向上调整 向下调整
Policy*DEV 0.415*** 0.253** 0.438*** 0.303**
(3.593) (2.086) (2.941) (1.990)
DEV 1.646*** -8.171*** 2.489*** 3.305**
(26.388) (-7.098) (30.020) (2.282)
Constant -0.025*** -0.014*** 0.018*** 0.015***
(-6.180) (-3.649) (3.443) (2.708)
Controls No Yes No Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 22 072 21 782 16 263 15 989
R2 0.088 0.121 0.139 0.175
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177909564344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

区分资本结构调整方向的回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
向上调整 向下调整
Policy*DEV 0.415*** 0.253** 0.438*** 0.303**
(3.593) (2.086) (2.941) (1.990)
DEV 1.646*** -8.171*** 2.489*** 3.305**
(26.388) (-7.098) (30.020) (2.282)
Constant -0.025*** -0.014*** 0.018*** 0.015***
(-6.180) (-3.649) (3.443) (2.708)
Controls No Yes No Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
Firm FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 22 072 21 782 16 263 15 989
R2 0.088 0.121 0.139 0.175
), ArticleFig(id=1263915178270274495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Selection of capital structure adjustment methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
向上调整 向下调整
Debtinc Equitydec Debtdec Equityinc
Policy*|DEV| 8.125*** 2.033 12.328*** 3.574
(2.912) (0.496) (4.647) (1.620)
Constant 2.051*** -1.981*** 1.843*** 0.297***
(13.633) (-13.775) (14.521) (3.269)
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 21 782 21 782 15 989 15 989
R2 0.070 0.076 0.063 0.176
), ArticleFig(id=1263915178438046656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915150470427296, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

资本结构调整方式选择

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4)
向上调整 向下调整
Debtinc Equitydec Debtdec Equityinc
Policy*|DEV| 8.125*** 2.033 12.328*** 3.574
(2.912) (0.496) (4.647) (1.620)
Constant 2.051*** -1.981*** 1.843*** 0.297***
(13.633) (-13.775) (14.521) (3.269)
Controls Yes Yes Yes Yes
Year FE Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 21 782 21 782 15 989 15 989
R2 0.070 0.076 0.063 0.176
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1263530497159217188, delFlag=0, nameCn=科研管理, nameEn=Science Research Management, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-2995, eissn=null, cn=11-1567/G3, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=RFQ+H6tiheoW1IXCMxWo3A==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Science Research Management, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1779178745786, updatedTime=1779179093834, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=RFQ+H6tiheoW1IXCMxWo3A==, picEn=xRI5o15ZPaqt8Fp4QbpzPg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1263531957183497106, language=CN, name=科研管理, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1779179093881, updatedTime=1779179093881, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kyglauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kygleditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kyglauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1263531957275771795, language=EN, name=Science Research Management, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1779179093903, updatedTime=1779179093903, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://kyglauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://kygleditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://kyglauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1263530790265569318, websiteList=[Website(id=1263532309165256942, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1263530790265569318, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN, language=CN, createTime=1779179177800, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1779180565402, updateBy=18614031015, name=科研管理-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=科研管理, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1263538245275627592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1779180593079, updateTime=1779180593079, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245254656069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1779180593074, updateTime=1779180593074, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245367902283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180593101, updateTime=1779180593101, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245246267460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN/file/pic?fileId=K+ZMcV8yMMWRUSt8JOC2bQ==, createTime=1779180593072, updateTime=1779180593072, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245388873805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180593106, updateTime=1779180593106, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245267238983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN/file/pic, createTime=1779180593077, updateTime=1779180593077, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245380485196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180593104, updateTime=1779180593104, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245258850374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1779180593075, updateTime=1779180593075, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245325959241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1779180593091, updateTime=1779180593091, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538245346930762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309165256942, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1779180593096, updateTime=1779180593096, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1263532309244948720, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1263530790265569318, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/EN, language=EN, createTime=1779179177819, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1779180559403, updateBy=18614031015, name=科研管理-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science Research Management, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1263538217563861054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1779180586472, updateTime=1779180586472, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217538695227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1779180586466, updateTime=1779180586466, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217630969921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180586488, updateTime=1779180586488, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217530306618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/EN/file/pic?fileId=K+ZMcV8yMMWRUSt8JOC2bQ==, createTime=1779180586464, updateTime=1779180586464, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217647747139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180586492, updateTime=1779180586492, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217555472445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/EN/file/pic, createTime=1779180586470, updateTime=1779180586470, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217639358530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1779180586490, updateTime=1779180586490, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217547083836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1779180586468, updateTime=1779180586468, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217580638271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1779180586476, updateTime=1779180586476, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1263538217589026880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1263532309244948720, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1779180586478, updateTime=1779180586478, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=科研管理, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.kygl.net.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science Research Management, journalPhotoCn=RFQ+H6tiheoW1IXCMxWo3A==, journalPhotoEn=xRI5o15ZPaqt8Fp4QbpzPg==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/EN/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN/PDF/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/EN/PDF/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
专利质押对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
封超 , 马世群
科研管理 | 2026,47(3): 199-208
收起
收藏切换
科研管理 | 2026, 47(3): 199-208
专利质押对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究
全屏
封超, 马世群
作者信息
  • 山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002
  • 封 超(1997—),女(汉),山东青岛人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:公司金融。

    马世群(1996—),男(汉),山东烟台人,山东财经大学金融学院博士研究生,研究方向:国际金融。

通讯作者:

马世群,E-mail:
Research on the impact of patent pledge on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure
Chao Feng, Shiqun Ma
Affiliations
  • School of Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020
文章导航
收藏切换

专利质押融资政策是助企纾困解难的重要路径,对于企业优化自身资产结构、实现高质量发展具有深远意义。然而,现有关于专利质押融资政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究较为缺乏。本文以2001—2022年中国A股上市公司为样本,采用多期DID方法检验了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响。本文研究发现,专利质押试点政策能够降低企业资本结构偏离度。机制分析表明,专利质押试点政策降低资本结构偏离度的作用主要通过缓解融资约束来实现。异质性分析发现,专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的降低作用在非国有性质、规模较小和行业竞争水平较高的企业中更加明显。从调整速度来看,专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构调整速度;区分调整方向后发现,专利质押试点政策既能够提高企业资本结构向上调整速度,又能够提高企业资本结构向下调整速度;从调整方式来看,专利质押试点政策主要通过债务融资方式提高企业资本结构调整速度。本研究不仅丰富了企业资本结构动态调整影响因素和专利质押政策经济效果的相关研究,还为深入开展专利质押试点工作、优化企业融资结构提供了决策参考。

专利质押融资  /  资本结构动态调整  /  融资约束  /  多期DID

The patent pledge financing policy is an important path to help enterprises to alleviate difficulties,which is of far-reaching significance for enterprises to optimize their asset structure and achieve high-quality development. However,there is a lack of research on the impact of patent pledge financing policies on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure. This paper used a multi-period DID method to test the impact of patent pledge pilot policy on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure based on the sample of China's A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2022. This paper found that the pilot policy of patent pledge can reduce the deviation of corporate capital structure. The mechanism analysis showed that the role of patent pledge pilot policy in reducing capital structure deviation is mainly achieved by alleviating financing constraints. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the reduction effect of patent pledge pilot policy on the deviation of corporate capital structure is more obvious in enterprises with non-state-owned nature,smaller scale and higher level of industry competition. From the perspective of adjustment speed,the patent pledge pilot policy can improve the speed of corporate capital structure adjustment;and after distinguishing the adjustment direction,it was found that the patent pledge pilot policy can not only improve the upward adjustment speed of corporate capital structure,but also improve the downward adjustment speed of corporate capital structure. From the perspective of adjustment methods,the patent pledge pilot policy mainly improves the speed of corporate capital structure adjustment through debt financing. This study will not only enrich the related research on the influencing factors of dynamic adjustment of enterprise capital structure and the economic effect of patent pledge policy,but also provide decision-making reference for further execution of the pilot work of patent pledge and optimization of the financing structure of enterprises.

patent pledge financing  /  dynamic adjustment of capital structure  /  financing constraint  /  multi-period DID method
封超, 马世群. 专利质押对企业资本结构动态调整的影响研究. 科研管理, 2026 , 47 (3) : 199 -208 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020
Chao Feng, Shiqun Ma. Research on the impact of patent pledge on the dynamic adjustment of corporate capital structure[J]. Science Research Management, 2026 , 47 (3) : 199 -208 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020
动态资本结构理论认为,公司存在最优或目标资本结构,当实际资本结构偏离目标资本结构时,企业价值将遭到损害[1],从而迫使企业调整其资本结构[2],尽可能地缩小实际资本结构与目标资本结构之间的偏差。但值得注意的是,企业内外部经营环境会改变其面临的融资环境,从而影响企业的调整成本,进而影响企业调整其资本结构的便利性和可行性[3]。近年来,我国不断深化金融供给侧结构性改革,但实体企业融资难、融资贵问题仍然突出,导致这些企业面临较高的调整成本,这在一定程度上限制了企业的资本结构调整行为和调整速度。
近年来,我国政府通过政策引导等措施促进知识产权的转化和运用,加速知识产权价值的实现。中共中央、国务院印发的《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021—2035年)》提出,要健全知识产权质押信息平台,鼓励开展各类知识产权混合质押和保险。现阶段,专利质押为中国主流的知识产权质押融资方式。专利质押是指债务人将其合法拥有的专利权用于质押,以此从银行或者其他金融机构获得贷款的行为。债务人需要按约定偿还贷款本金和利息,否则债权人有权依法对用于质押的专利权进行处置,并从所得款项中优先受偿。2008年,我国推行了专利质押试点政策,但涉及地区较少。此后,为进一步扩大专利质押政策覆盖范围,我国又分别在2009年、2010年和2016年针对一些地区推行专利质押试点政策。专利质押融资可在一定程度上缓解企业“融资难、融资贵”难题,为企业持续健康发展注入活力。那么,实施专利质押试点政策是否会降低调整成本,缩小企业实际资本结构与目标资本结构的偏差,并提高资本结构调整速度呢?这是本文要回答的问题。
当前学术界已对专利质押政策经济效果以及企业资本结构动态调整影响因素的相关问题进行了有益的探讨。关于专利质押政策经济效果的文献主要集中于企业融资、企业绩效、创新产出与投入、劳动雇佣等方面。例如,Fischer和Ringler[4]认为,专利质押可以帮助资源受限的企业获得债务融资。张超和张晓琴[5]研究发现,专利质押融资提升了出质企业的绩效水平,但长期来看该作用有限。Mann[6]指出,专利质押有助于拓宽创新型企业的融资渠道,增加其研发投入。赵振洋等[7]研究表明,专利质押行权能够显著促进企业创新。俞剑和刘晓光[8]认为,专利质押能够增强企业研发激励,提升企业创新能力。余明桂等[9]研究发现,专利质押融资试点政策具有增加企业员工总数和高技术员工人数的作用。对于企业资本结构动态调整的影响因素,已有文献主要从企业内部特征和外部环境两个层面进行研究。从企业内部因素来看,很多学者认为企业规模、盈利能力、信用评级、内部治理、财务风险等会影响资本结构动态调整以及调整速度。例如,Heshmati[10]指出,企业资本结构调整速度与企业规模正相关,而与盈利能力负相关。Kisgen[11]认为企业的信用评级下调会降低债务权益比,而信用评级上调则对企业资本结构调整没有显著影响。Dierker等[12]的研究表明,财务风险较高的公司往往面临更高的交易成本,当财务风险严重时,这类公司的杠杆调整速度会更慢。张博等[13]研究发现,高管团队强化内部治理效应能够降低企业资本结构偏离度。戴雨晴和李心合[14]研究指出,企业管理层权力制衡对其资本结构调整速度具有显著提升作用。从企业外部因素来看,不少学者认为法律制度环境、经济周期、商业周期风险、经营环境等会影响企业资本结构动态调整以及调整速度。例如,Fan等[15]研究发现政治环境和法律制度会对企业的资本结构产生显著影响。谢铖等[16]认为相较于经济周期,金融周期对企业资本结构调整的影响时间更久。Gan等[17]研究发现,商业周期风险会降低企业资本结构调整速度。潘爱玲等[18]认为供应链金融能够促进企业资本结构调整。Chen等[19]指出,良好的经营环境会加速企业资本结构调整。张倩倩等[20]认为政策环境会影响企业资本结构动态调整行为。
已有研究为本文提供了有用的启迪,但未有文献将专利质押政策这一研究视角纳入企业资本结构调整的分析框架中,评估专利质押政策对企业行为的优化作用,本文对此有所贡献。本文重点考察了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的影响。进一步地,本文从调整速度、调整方向和调整方式等角度,详细分析了专利质押试点政策影响企业资本结构动态调整的多重特征,为政府部门更具针对性、有效性地出台和实施相关政策提供了理论支撑和决策参考。
企业资本结构偏离度的增加不利于企业价值最大化。此时,企业往往会主动优化与动态调整其资本结构。但企业动态调整资本结构的过程受制于调整成本的影响[21]。专利质押试点政策的实施有助于降低债务融资成本和融资约束[22],从而降低企业的资本结构调整成本。换言之,受专利质押试点政策实施影响的企业能够通过专利质押从银行等金融机构获得融资,这有助于降低其资本结构调整成本。此时若该企业实际资本结构偏离目标资本结构,企业有能力调整资本结构,修正资本结构偏差,降低资本结构偏离度。基于上述分析,本文提出如下假设:
H1:专利质押试点政策能够促进企业资本结构动态调整,降低资本结构偏离度。
专利质押政策实施下,专利在企业融资中可作为质押物,这能够缓解企业融资约束、降低债务融资成本[4]。一方面,专利作为直接抵押品缓解融资约束。专利质押试点政策实施后,处于试点地区的企业可以将专利作为质押物向银行等金融机构申请贷款,这有助于丰富企业的融资手段、拓宽企业的融资渠道,从而缓解其融资约束。另一方面,专利质押合同中的专利信息通过传递积极信号缓解融资约束。专利具有传递积极信号的作用[23]。专利合同中包含的专利信息能够传递更多关于企业自身潜力与发展能力的信号[24],这会影响投资者的风险认知。投资者能够通过专利质押过程传递的信号甄别企业的违约风险,进而加大对释放积极信号的企业的投资,缓解这些企业的融资约束。同时,银行和第三方机构对企业资质的评估是确保专利质押融资工作顺利开展的关键。银行和第三方机构对企业资质进行认定能够传递出企业经营发展良好的间接信号,降低投资者对专利质押企业要求的风险溢价,吸引更多资金流入,缓解企业融资约束。而已有研究表明,融资约束环境的改善能够降低企业面临的调整成本,从而推动企业实际资本结构向目标资本结构调整[25],降低资本结构偏离度。基于上述分析,本文提出如下假设:
H2:专利质押试点政策能够通过缓解企业融资约束来推动企业实际资本结构向最优水平调整、降低企业资本结构偏离度。
专利质押试点政策能够缓解企业融资约束,降低调整成本。调整成本降低能够明显提高企业资本结构调整速度[26]。理论上,企业调节资本结构调整速度的渠道有两种:其一,债务融资渠道;其二,权益融资渠道[1]。当企业实际资本结构低于目标资本结构时,企业可以采用增加债务融资或者减少权益融资的方法促进资本结构向上调整;当企业实际资本结构高于目标资本结构时,企业可以采用增加权益融资或者减少债务融资的方法促进资本结构向下调整。中国上市公司的债务融资资金大部分来源于银行借款,而实施专利质押试点政策最直接的作用就是激励企业将专利作为质押物从银行等金融机构获得贷款,这直接影响企业债务融资的选择。随着债务融资成本的降低,处于专利质押试点地区的企业能够通过增加债务融资的方式向上调整资本结构,而这恰恰也为其通过偿还债务的方式快速向下调整资本结构提供了条件。基于上述分析,本文提出如下假设:
H3:专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构调整速度,包括企业资本结构向上调整速度和向下调整速度,这一作用主要通过债务融资方式实现。
本文设计研究思路如下:
首先,为检验专利质押试点政策对资本结构偏离度的影响,本文参考张博等[13]的做法,将资本结构偏离度(AbsDevit)定义为目标(或最优)资本结构与实际资本结构差值的绝对值,如式(1)所示:
AbsDevit=$\left|Le{v}_{i,t}^{*}-Le{v}_{i,t}\right|$
其中,Levit表示第i家公司t年度的实际资本结构,该变量用有息负债与总资产的比值衡量,Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$表示第i家公司t年度的目标(或最优)资本结构。为计算AbsDevit,需要得到公司t年度的目标资本结构。目标资本结构模型设定如式(2):
Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$=βControlsit-1
参考潘爱玲等[18]的研究,Controlsit-1表示企业层面特征变量,具体为资产有形性PPE、盈利能力EBIT、非债务税盾DEP、公司规模Size、成长性MTB以及年度行业资本结构中位数MLEV
参考巫岑等[1]的做法,本文设定局部均衡调整模型,如式(3)所示:
Levit-Levit-1=λLe${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Levit-1)+εit
其中,λ表示企业资本结构调整速度;Levit-Levit-1表示实际资本结构与上一期实际资本结构的差值;Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Levit-1表示目标资本结构与上一期实际资本结构的差值。
已有研究表明,即使企业在特定年份并未对负债或权益进行调整,其资本结构仍可能会因为利润分配而发生变化[27],故本文对模型(3)进行调整,得到模型(4):
Levit-Le${v}_{{}_{i,t-1}}^{p}$=λLe${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Le${v}_{{}_{i,t-1}}^{p}$)+εit
其中,Le${v}_{{}_{i,t-1}}^{p}$=Dit-1/Ait-1+NIit),Dit-1为上一年度有息负债,Ait-1是上一年度总资产,NIit为当年净收益。
将模型(2)引入模型(3),得到模型(5):
Levit=λβControlsit-1+(1-λLevit-1+εit
接下来,本文采用修正的最小二乘虚拟变量法(LSDVC)估计β值,将估计出的β值代入公式(2),求得目标资本结构Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$。将目标资本结构带入模型(1),得到资本结构偏离度(AbsDevit)。
自2008年以来,我国部分地区被陆续列为专利质押政策试点地区。由于我国专利质押试点政策实施时间有所差异且针对地区不同,因此专利质押政策试点地区的企业接受专利质押试点政策影响的时间存在差异,而多期DID方法恰好可以估计在不同时点接受处理的企业受到的平均处理效应。基于此,根据假设1,本文采用多期DID模型考察专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的影响,模型设定如式(6)所示:
$AbsDe{v}_{i,t}={\sigma }_{0}+{\sigma }_{1}Polic{y}_{j,t}+{\sigma }_{k}\sum _{n}^{k}Control{s}_{i,t}+{\mu }_{i}+{\eta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{i,t}$
其中,Policyj,t为专利质押试点政策。下标j表示专利质押试点政策覆盖地区,μi为个体固定效应,ηt为时间固定效应。
根据假设2,接下来,本文探讨专利质押试点政策影响企业资本结构偏离度的作用机制,模型设定如式(7)所示:
$F{C}_{i,t}={\upsilon }_{0}+{\upsilon }_{1}Polic{y}_{j,t}+{\upsilon }_{2}\sum Control{s}_{i,t}+{\mu }_{i}+{\eta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{i,t}$
其中,FCi,t表示企业融资约束。本文参考已有研究的做法[28],根据式(8)构建SA指数以衡量企业融资约束:
SA=$\left|-0.737\times Size+0.043\times Siz{e}^{2}-0.04\times Age\right|$
其中,SizeAge分别表示公司规模和经营年限。SA指数越大,代表企业融资约束越严重。
根据假设3,本文进一步构建模型(9)以探讨专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度的影响:
λ=(θ0+θ1Policyjt)+εit
接下来,在模型(4)与模型(9)的基础上,本文构建模型(10)进行估计。
Levit-Le${v}_{i,t-1}^{p}$=(θ0+θ1Policyjt)(Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$-Le${v}_{i,t-1}^{p}$)+εit
估计系数θ1表示专利质押试点政策对资本结构调整速度的影响。为方便列示,本文将模型(10)简化为模型(11):
TLEVit=(θ0+θ1PolicyjtDEVit+εit
为验证假设3,本文定义资本结构调整方向如下:如果Le${v}_{{}_{i,t-1}}^{p}$<Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$,则属于低于目标值的样本,意味着资本结构向上调整;如果Le${v}_{{}_{i,t-1}}^{p}$Le${v}_{i,t}^{*}$,则属于高于目标值的样本,意味着资本结构向下调整。
企业调整其资本结构主要依靠债务调整与权益调整[1]。参考黄继承等[29]的做法,本文构建Logit模型检验企业资本结构调整方式,具体见式(12):
PAdjust=1)=Φ(α0+α1Policy×$\left|Dev\right|$+α2Policy+α3$\left|Dev\right|$+ε
其中,|Dev|是上一年度实际资本结构与当年目标资本结构差值的绝对值。因变量包含4个指标,分别表示企业债务融资和权益融资的选择,指标具体定义如表1所示。另外,本文还在模型(12)中控制了年份固定效应。估计系数α1代表了专利质押试点政策对资本结构调整方式的影响。
主要解释变量Policy表示专利质押融资试点政策。具体而言,当企业位于专利质押融资试点地区,且时间为政策公布当年或以后时,Policy取值为1;若企业不在专利质押融资试点地区或政策尚未公布,则Policy取值为0。
表2展示了被解释变量以及用来估计目标资本结构的公司特征变量的具体定义。变量的描述性统计结果显示,专利质押试点政策(Policy)的均值为0.2441,表明在样本期间,约有24.41%的样本受到专利质押试点政策的影响,该结果与目前我国专利质押试点政策覆盖范围不大这一现实背景相符。资本结构偏离度(AbsDev)的均值为0.0436,最小值为0,最大值为0.2149,标准差为0.0428,表明公司间资本结构偏离度差距较大。控制变量的描述性统计结果与已有研究基本一致。
本文以2001—2022年中国A股上市公司的面板数据为研究样本,并参考已有文献的做法,按如下标准对样本进行筛选与剔除:(1)处于金融行业的企业;(2)数据严重缺失的企业。最后,本文共得到44 055条公司-年度观测数据。上市公司数据来自国泰安数据库(CSMAR),专利质押试点地区数据从国家知识产权局官方网站整理得到。
为验证假设1,本文估计模型(6),以分析专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的影响,结果如表3所示。由表3结果可知,无论控制公司特征变量与否,专利质押试点政策(Policy)均能够在5%的显著性水平激励企业调整资本结构,降低企业资本结构偏离度。其主要原因在于专利质押试点政策实施后,企业可以通过专利质押更为便利地获得银行贷款,从而降低融资成本和资本结构调整成本[22],而调整成本的降低为缩小实际资本结构与目标资本结构之间的偏差创造了条件。基于此,研究假设1得到验证。
本文研究时间范围为2001—2022年,而专利质押试点政策分别在2008年、2009年、2010年以及2016年实施。因为政策实施时间点不一致,本文参考Clarke和Tapia-Schythe[30]的思路,利用事件研究法检验政策的动态处理效应。基于模型(6),本文构建了模型(13):
$AbsDe{v}_{i,t}={\sigma }_{0}+{\sigma }_{m}\sum _{m=-15}^{14}Polic{{y}^{m=t-{t}_{0}}}_{i,t}+{\sigma }_{k}\sum _{n}^{k}Control{s}_{i,t}+{\mu }_{i}+{\eta }_{t}+{\epsilon }_{i,t}$
其中,t0为政策实施年,m为相对政策实施年前后的时间间隔,即第t年度与政策实施当年(t0)的差值,如图1横轴所示。Polic${{y}_{i}^{m}}_{,t}$为虚拟变量,实验组在t0+m期取值为1,否则为0。本文以政策实施当年作为基期,对比回归系数的变化,具体结果见图1。由图1可知,在政策实施之前,虚拟变量系数均不显著,而政策实施之后,虚拟变量系数在某些时期显著为负,这说明专利质押试点政策显著降低了企业资本结构偏离度,平行趋势假设满足。
为了缓解不可观测变量影响基准回归结果的担忧,本文将政策的影响视为随机的。随机过程被迭代1000次,产生1000组随机样本。随后对每一组计算生成的样本进行回归分析,得到模型(6)中σ1的估计结果。1000个估计系数的分布情况如图2所示,可以看出政策变量的系数集中在零附近,且呈现出近似于正态分布的分布特征。这一结果表明,不可观测的因素几乎不会对本文基准回归结果产生实质性影响。
本文还采取如下方法进行稳健性检验:(1)替换解释变量。考虑到专利质押融资试点政策的颁布时间均为下半年甚至年末,政策推广下达至地方进而产生影响需要时间,本文重新定义政策变量。当企业位于专利质押融资试点地区,且时间为政策公布的下一年或之后年份时,政策变量Policy取值为1,否则取值为0。接下来,本文基于该政策变量重新估计模型(6)。(2)替换被解释变量。本文采用GMM模型估计模型(5),并控制年度效应,由此重新获得目标资本结构估计值。将新的估计值代入模型(1),得出新的资本结构偏离度指标(AbsDev_GMM)。接下来,本文将AbsDev_GMM代入模型(6)替换AbsDev进行重新估计。(3)PSM-DID。本文还使用倾向得分匹配下的双重差分方法估计专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的影响。首先,本文采用倾向得分匹配方法为处置组企业选择配对的控制组,匹配变量为公司层面特征变量(Controls)。匹配方法采用一比一近邻匹配。接下来,本文利用匹配后的样本重新估计模型(6)。(4)缩尾。本文对所有连续变量进行了1%的双边缩尾处理,然后重新估计模型(6)。采用上述稳健性检验方法得到的回归结果均表明,专利质押试点政策的实施显著降低了企业资本结构偏离度,这与基准回归结果一致,验证了本文结论的稳健性。
为验证假设2,本文估计模型(7),以分析专利质押试点政策对资本结构偏离度影响的作用机制,结果如表4所示。由表4结果可知,无论是否控制公司特征变量,专利质押试点政策系数均在5%的显著性水平上为负,表明该政策能够通过缓解企业融资约束来降低企业资本结构偏离度,究其原因,在于专利质押政策实施后,企业可通过专利质押方式获得银行贷款,畅通了企业融资渠道;此外,专利传递出的积极信号增强了投资者对投资该企业的信心[24],从而促使其增加对该企业的投资。在此条件下,企业融资约束得到有效缓解,而融资约束的缓解是企业进行资本结构动态调整的重要推动力[25]。基于此,研究假设2得到验证。
非国有企业缺乏政府作担保,银行等金融机构不愿意承担风险向其放贷,故其面临的融资约束较高。而国有企业与政府部门关系密切,拥有隐性担保机制[31],可借助政府信用获得融资,融资约束较小。因此,相较于非国有企业,专利质押试点政策实施对于降低国有企业资本结构偏离度的增量效果可能较差。
本文根据产权性质将样本分为国有企业样本组与非国有企业样本组,进行分组回归,结果见表5第(1)、(2)列。由表5第(1)、(2)列结果可知,对于非国有企业而言,专利质押试点政策的实施能够显著降低其资本结构偏离度,而对于国有企业而言,该政策的效果并不明显。由此可知,专利质押试点政策对非国有企业资本结构偏离度的影响更大。
规模较大的企业在做出调整资本结构的决策时需要考虑其复杂的内部治理机制,并且其进行资本调整的资金规模需求较大,调整成本较高,这导致大企业调整资本结构的积极性不高。同时,大企业资金规模较大,担保机制相对完善,银行更加愿意将信贷供给规模较大的企业,因此,专利质押对其资本结构调整的增量作用可能有限。而规模较小的企业内外部治理机制相对灵活,进行资本结构调整时需要的资金规模较小,调整成本较低[25]。当专利质押试点政策发挥降低融资成本的作用时,小企业会抓住机会进行资本结构调整。
本文按照总资产中位数将样本划分为大规模企业样本组和小规模企业样本组,并进行分组回归,结果见表5第(3)、(4)列。由表5第(3)、(4)列结果可知,对于小规模企业来说,专利质押试点政策能够在1%的显著性水平上降低企业的资本结构偏离度,而对于大规模企业而言,这种影响并不显著。由此可知,专利质押试点政策对小规模企业资本结构偏离度的影响更大。
在竞争激烈的行业环境中,企业更易被市场淘汰,这会促使其加速调整自身资本结构,以应对来自竞争对手的挑战。此外,在竞争激烈的行业中,企业面临着融资难题,承受着较高的经营风险。而值得注意的是,随着经营风险的攀升,企业调整资本结构的紧迫性与意愿往往也会随之增强[32]。因此,本文认为专利质押试点政策对激烈竞争行业中的企业资本结构偏离度的影响更大。
赫芬达尔指数是衡量企业所处行业竞争程度的有效工具,故本文将其作为衡量行业竞争水平的替代指标。该指数数值越低,表明行业竞争越激烈。本文根据行业竞争水平的中位数将样本分为行业竞争水平高的企业样本组和行业竞争水平低的企业样本组,分别进行回归分析,结果见表5第(5)、(6)列。由表5第(5)、(6)列结果可知,对于行业竞争水平高的企业而言,专利质押试点政策能够在5%的显著性水平上降低其资本结构偏离度,而对于行业竞争水平低的企业而言,专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的作用并不显著。由此可知,专利质押试点政策对行业竞争水平高的企业资本结构偏离度的影响更大。
本节从调整速度、调整方向和调整方式三个视角出发探讨专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整更进一步的影响。
根据研究设计,为验证假设3,本文构建模型(11)研究专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度的影响。表6汇报了模型(11)的实证结果。由表6可知,当不控制和控制公司特征变量时,Policy*DEV的回归系数分别在1%和5%的水平上显著为正。上述结果表明专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度具有显著的正向影响。这是因为企业资本结构调整速度受到调整成本的影响[26],而专利质押试点政策能够降低企业调整成本。因此,专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构调整速度,研究假设3前半部分得到验证。
表7汇报了调整方向不同时专利质押试点政策对资本结构调整速度的影响。由表7结果可知,在不控制和控制公司特征变量的情况下,专利质押试点政策对资本结构向上、向下调整速度的影响均分别在1%和5%的水平上显著为正。上述结果表明,专利质押试点政策能够加快企业资本结构向上和向下调整速度。
为验证专利质押试点政策提高资本结构调整速度的主要方式,接下来,本文估计模型(12),以进一步验证研究假设3。表8汇报了模型(12)的估计结果。表8第(1)、(2)列结果显示,当资本结构向上调整时,Policy*|DEV|对增加债务(Debtinc)的影响显著为正,而对减少权益(Equitydec)的影响不显著,这说明在专利质押政策支持下,企业主要通过增加债务的方式提高资本结构向上调整速度。表8第(3)、(4)列结果显示,当资本结构向下调整时,Policy*|DEV|对减少债务(Debtdec)的影响显著为正,而对增加权益(Equityinc)的影响不显著,这说明在专利质押政策实施下,企业主要通过减少债务的方式提高资本结构向下调整速度。综上可知,债务融资方式是专利质押试点政策影响企业资本结构调整速度的主要渠道,这可能与银行贷款是我国企业主要的债务融资方式,而专利质押政策恰好可直接提高企业信贷可得性、影响企业债务融资选择有关。上述结论与假设3中的推论一致,假设3得到验证。
本文以2001—2022年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响。本文研究发现:
(1)专利质押试点政策能够降低企业资本结构偏离度,促进企业实际资本结构向目标资本结构调整。当企业实际资本结构偏离目标资本结构时,企业价值最大化的目标难以实现,此时,企业动态调整自身资本结构的意愿增强。但企业资本结构动态调整的过程受制于调整成本的影响,而专利质押试点政策的实施有助于降低企业调整成本,从而能够发挥降低企业资本结构偏离度的作用。本文将企业资本结构动态调整影响因素研究延伸至专利质押政策视角,深入探讨了该政策对企业资本结构动态调整的影响,丰富了专利质押政策经济效果以及企业资本结构动态调整影响因素的相关研究,为专利质押政策的有效性提供了新的经验证据。
(2)专利质押试点政策降低企业资本结构偏离度的作用通过缓解企业融资约束来实现。在专利质押试点政策实施下,企业既能将专利作为质押物从银行等金融机构获得贷款,又能利用专利质押过程传递出的积极信号吸引投资者投资,这有助于缓解其面临的融资约束。而融资约束的缓解可有效降低企业面临的调整成本,进而推动其优化自身资本结构。这一发现揭示了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构动态调整的微观作用路径与内在作用机理,拓展了专利质押融资对企业资本结构的影响机制研究。
(3)专利质押试点政策降低企业资本结构偏离度的作用在非国有性质、规模较小和行业竞争水平较高的企业中更为明显。对于非国有企业、规模较小的企业和行业竞争水平较高的企业而言,专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构偏离度的影响显著为负;而对于国有企业、规模较大的企业和行业竞争水平较低的企业而言,这种影响并不显著。这一发现论证了专利质押试点政策的经济效应差异,为政府部门更为高效、更具针对性地制定与实施专利质押政策以助力企业优化自身资本结构、推动企业高质量发展提供了理论支撑与实践启示。
(4)专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构调整速度。区分调整方向后发现,专利质押试点政策能够提高企业资本结构向上或向下调整速度;从调整方式来看,专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度的影响主要通过债务融资方式实现。本文细致地探究了专利质押试点政策对企业资本结构调整速度的具体影响特征,这为政府部门进一步完善专利质押政策提供了新的思路参考。
基于研究结论,本文得到如下政策启示:(1)在实体经济仍面临融资困难等问题的当下,政府部门可以扩大专利质押试点政策覆盖范围,制定针对企业异质性和行业异质性的差异化政策实施方案,提高专利质押政策有效性,为企业提供更为便利的债务融资资金,缓解融资约束,促进其实际资本结构向目标资本结构调整。(2)企业自身应积极响应政策号召,重视专利持有与保护工作,把握住通过专利质押方式获得银行贷款的机会,主动、合理地调节资本结构调整速度,持续优化自身资本结构,稳步实现自身高质量发展。(3)银行等金融机构要积极配合政府部门实施的专利质押试点政策,认真评定和审核企业进行专利质押的资质要求,把握好参与门槛;同时,简化专利质押审核流程,合理把控专利质押贷款额度,尽可能缩短企业等待贷款的时间,为企业更灵活地运用债务融资方式进行资本结构调整提供条件。(4)政府部门应加强与专业估值机构的合作,依托其与政策配套的估值服务畅通实体企业通过专利质押方式进行贷款这一融资渠道,更好地发挥金融服务实体经济的作用。
本文的不足之处表现在:首先,本文研究样本的选择具有一定的局限性。本文仅考察了专利质押政策对上市公司资本结构动态调整的影响。但相比于非上市公司,上市公司的融资渠道相对更广,专利质押融资对非上市公司的影响可能更为显著。然而,非上市公司财务数据不易获取,未来的研究可在数据条件满足的情况下深入探讨该问题。其次,本文主要从产权性质、企业规模以及行业竞争水平三个角度考察了专利质押对企业资本结构动态调整的异质性影响,但实际上,专利本身包含了多种信息与多重特征,若企业以不同特征的专利作为质押物,专利质押政策的作用效果可能存在差异。本文限于数据可得性,未能深入探讨该问题。未来的研究可以从专利特征,例如专利类型、专利质量等视角出发分析该政策对企业资本结构调整的异质性影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(72273073)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(2023.01—2026.12)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
巫岑, 黎文飞, 唐清泉. 产业政策与企业资本结构调整速度[J]. 金融研究, 2019(4): 92-110.
WU Cen, LI Wenfei, TANG Qingquan. Industrial policy and the speed of leverage adjustment[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2019(4): 92-110.
[2]
FISCHER E O, HEINKEL R, ZECHNER J. Dynamic capital structure choice: Theory and tests[J]. Journal of Finance, 1989, 44(1):19-40.
[3]
FLANNERY M J, RANGAN K P. Partial adjustment toward target capital structures[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2006, 79(3):469-506.
[4]
FISCHER T, RINGLER P. What patents are used as collateral? An empirical analysis of patent reassignment data[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2014, 29(5): 633-650.
[5]
张超, 张晓琴. 专利权质押融资影响出质企业绩效的实证研究[J]. 科研管理, 2020, 41(1): 142-151.
ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Xiaoqin. Empirical study on the impact of patent pledge financing on the performance of pledged enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2020, 41(1):142-151.
[6]
MANN W. Creditor rights and innovation: Evidence from patent collateral[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2018, 130(1): 25-47.
[7]
赵振洋, 钟张慧, 李新丽, . 专利质押行权促进中小微企业创新的机制研究[J]. 科研管理, 2023, 44(12): 170-178.
ZHAO Zhenyang, ZHONG Zhanghui, LI Xinli, et al. Research on the mechanism of patent pledge right exercising to promote the innovation of micro-,small-,and medium-sized enterprises[J]. Science Research Management, 2023, 44(12): 170-178.
[8]
俞剑, 刘晓光. 专利权质押与企业创新[J]. 经济理论与经济管理, 2024, 44(1):55-70.
YU Jian, LIU Xiaoguang. Patent pledge and firm innovation[J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2024, 44(1):55-70.
[9]
余明桂, 王俐璇, 赵文婷, . 专利质押、融资约束与企业劳动雇佣[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2022, 39(9): 70-93.
YU Minggui, WANG Lixuan, ZHAO Wenting, et al. Patent collateral, financial constraints and corporate employment[J]. Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics, 2022, 39(9): 70-93.
[10]
HESHMATI A. The dynamics of capital structure: Evidence from Swedish micro and small firms[J]. Research in Banking and Finance, 2001(2): 199-241.
[11]
KISGEN D J. Do firms target credit ratings or leverage levels?[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2009, 44(6): 1323-1344.
[12]
DIERKER M, LEE I, SEO S W. Risk changes and external financing activities: Tests of the dynamic trade-off theory of capital structure[J]. Journal of Empirical Finance, 2019, 52:178-200.
[13]
张博, 韩亚东, 李广众. 高管团队内部治理与企业资本结构调整:基于非CEO高管独立性的视角[J]. 金融研究, 2021(2): 153-170.
ZHANG Bo, HAN Yadong, LI Guangzhong. Internal governance and capital structure adjustment: Evidence from the perspective of non-CEO executives' independence[J]. Journal of Financial Research, 2021(2): 153-170.
[14]
戴雨晴, 李心合. 管理层权力制衡强度与资本结构调整速度:基于债务约束效应视角[J]. 经济管理, 2021, 43(4): 173-190.
DAI Yuqing, LI Xinhe. Management power balance intensity and adjustment speed of capital structure: From the perspective of debt constraint effect[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2021, 43(4): 173-190.
[15]
FAN J P H, TITMAN S, TWITE G. An international comparison of capital structure and debt maturity choices[J]. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2012, 47(1): 23-56.
[16]
谢铖, 陈平社, 王国宇. 金融周期视角下的企业资本结构调整机制[J]. 财经科学, 2021 (1): 40-52.
XIE Cheng, CHEN Pingshe, WANG Guoyu. A research on dynamic adjustment mechanism of enterprise capital structure from the perspective of financial cycle[J]. Finance & Economics, 2021(1): 40-52.
[17]
GAN L, LYU W, CHEN Y. Capital structure adjustment speed over the business cycle[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2021, 39: 101574.
[18]
潘爱玲, 凌润泽, 李彬. 供应链金融如何服务实体经济:基于资本结构调整的微观证据[J]. 经济管理, 2021, 43(8): 41-55.
PAN Ailing, LING Runze, LI Bin. How does supply chain finance serve the real economy? Evidence from adjustment of capital structure[J]. Business and Management Journal, 2021, 43(8): 41-55.
[19]
CHEN Z, LI Y, LIN Y, et al. Business environment and corporate financing decisions: From the perspective of dynamic adjustment of capital structure[J]. Finance Research Letters, 2023, 58: 104461.
[20]
张倩倩, 伏倚天, 张晓玫. 政策独立性如何影响中小企业资本结构调整速度:基于普惠金融的研究[J]. 财经科学, 2023(8): 49-64.
ZHANG Qianqian, FU Yitian, ZHANG Xiaomei. How does the independence of inclusive financial policy affect the speed of capital structure adjustment of SMEs: Based on inclusive finance[J]. Finance & Economics, 2023(8): 49-64.
[21]
BYOUN S. How and when do firms adjust their capital structures toward targets?[J]. Journal of Finance, 2008, 63(6): 3069-3096.
[22]
MASKUS K E, MILANI S, NEUMANN R. The impact of patent protection and financial development on industrial R&D[J]. Research Policy, 2019, 48(1): 355-370.
[23]
HSU D H, ZIEDONIS R H. Resources as dual sources of advantage: Implications for valuing entrepreneurial-firm patents[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2013, 34(7): 761-781.
[24]
HOCHBERG Y V, SERRANO C J, ZIEDONIS R H. Patent collateral, investor commitment, and the market for venture lending[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2018, 130(1): 74-94.
[25]
朱超, 范志国. 数字金融与中小企业资本结构调整行为[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 37(2): 52-64.
ZHU Chao, FAN Zhiguo. Digital finance and capital structure adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition), 2023, 37(2):52-64.
[26]
LEARY M T, ROBERTS M R. Do firms rebalance their capital structures?[J]. Journal of Finance, 2005, 60(6):2575-2619.
[27]
FAULKENDER M, FLANNERY M J, HAMKINS K W, et al. Cash flows and leverage adjustments[J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 2012, 103(3): 632-646.
[28]
HADLOCK C J, PIERCE J R. New evidence on measuring finance constraints: Moving beyond the KZ Index[J]. Review of Financial Studies, 2010, 23(5):1909-1940.
[29]
黄继承, 朱冰, 向东. 法律环境与资本结构动态调整[J]. 管理世界, 2014(5): 142-156.
HUANG Jicheng, ZHU Bing, XIANG Dong. Legal environment and dynamic adjustment of capital structure[J]. Journal of Management World, 2014(5): 142-156.
[30]
CLARKE D, TAPIA-Schythe K. Implementing the panel event study[J]. The Stata Journal, 2021, 21(4): 853-884.
[31]
胡佳胤, 姚洋, 宗铸. 国企违约与市场纪律:来自地方国企债券违约的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2024, 24(2):395-411.
HU Jiayin, YAO Yang, ZONG Zhu. SOE defaults and market discipline: Evidence from local SOE bond defaults in China[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2024, 24(2):395-411.
[32]
FLANNERY M J, HANKINS K W. Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance[J]. Journal of Corporate Finance, 2013, 19: 1-19.
2026年第47卷第3期
PDF下载
32
14
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
  • 修回日期:2024-12-17
基金
国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(72273073)
国家自然科学基金项目:“国际金融周期、跨境资本流动及资本账户开放政策动态调整:理论、建模与实证”(2023.01—2026.12)
作者信息
    山东财经大学 金融学院,山东 济南 250002

通讯作者:

马世群,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kygl/CN/10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.020
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏