Article(id=1263915147723137757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.004, pmid=null, cstr=32148.14.kygl.2026.03.004, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715616000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-14, revisedDate=1734451200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779270453625, onlineDateStr=2026-05-20, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779270453625, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779270453625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779270453625, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1263915140974502579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='208', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779270452016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779272730798, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1263915149358916328, articleId=1263915147723137757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, language=EN, title=Research on the impact of data openness on the integration of the manufacturing and service industries, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science Research Management, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries ("integration of two industries") is a crucial pathway to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector,accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces,and achieve Chinese-style modernization. Data openness provides a new opportunity for this endeavor. Based on the data from Chinese cities spanning 2006 to 2020,this paper constructed a quasi-natural experiment using the launch of local government public data platforms,and employed the multi-period difference-in-differences models and mediation effect models to empirically test the impact and mechanisms of data openness on the "integration of two industries". The study found that: (1) Data openness significantly promotes the "integration of two industries";(2) The heterogeneity analysis indicated that the promoting effect of data openness on the "integration of two industries" is more pronounced in cities located southeast of the Hu Huanyong Line,cities with lower administrative levels,and cities with favorable business environments;and (3) The mechanism analysis revealed that data openness helps reduce transaction costs,enhance intellectual property protection,and accelerate the digital transformation of both manufacturing and service industries,thereby empowering the "integration of two industries". This study will provide theoretical and empirical support for how data openness can empower the "integration of two industries" and offer policy recommendations for promoting the integration of the two industries,creating new manufacturing,new services,and new business models,and advancing Chinese-style modernization.

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推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展(“两业融合”),是增强制造业核心竞争力、加快形成新质生产力、实现中国式现代化的重要途径,而数据开放为此提供了新的契机。本文基于2006—2020年中国城市数据,在测算“两业融合”水平基础上,以地方政府公共数据开放平台的上线构造准自然实验,综合运用多时点双重差分模型、中介效应模型等方法,实证检验数据开放对“两业融合”的影响效应及机制。研究发现:(1)数据开放显著提升了城市“两业融合”水平。(2)异质性分析表明,在胡焕庸线东南侧城市、低行政等级城市以及良好营商环境城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的促进作用更加明显。(3)机制分析表明,数据开放有助于降低交易费用、增强知识产权保护力度,加快制造业与服务业的数字化转型,进而赋能“两业融合”。本文为通过数据开放赋能“两业融合”提供了理论依据与经验支撑,为推动制造业与服务业深度融合,打造新制造、新服务、新业态,推进中国式现代化建设提供了决策参考。

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岳书敬,E-mail:
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郭立祥(1995—),男(汉),天津红桥人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、区域经济。

岳书敬(1979—),男(汉),河南新乡人,东南大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

张鑫和(1993—),男(汉),安徽滁州人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

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郭立祥(1995—),男(汉),天津红桥人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、区域经济。

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郭立祥(1995—),男(汉),天津红桥人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、区域经济。

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岳书敬(1979—),男(汉),河南新乡人,东南大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

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岳书敬(1979—),男(汉),河南新乡人,东南大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

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张鑫和(1993—),男(汉),安徽滁州人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

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张鑫和(1993—),男(汉),安徽滁州人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

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Finance & Trade Economics, 2019, 40(12):143-157., articleTitle=The impact of city-level intellectual property protection on foreign capital entry into Chinese enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915196393840949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=7, pageStart=130, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=吴非, 胡慧芷, 林慧妍, journalName=管理世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴非, 胡慧芷, 林慧妍, . 企业数字化转型与资本市场表现:来自股票流动性的经验证据[J]. 管理世界, 2021, 37(7):130-144., articleTitle=企业数字化转型与资本市场表现:来自股票流动性的经验证据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1263915198121894200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=7, pageStart=130, pageEnd=144, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=54, authorNames=WU Fei, HU Huizhi, LIN Huiyan, journalName=Journal of Management World, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Fei, HU Huizhi, LIN Huiyan, et al. 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Journal of Management World, 2021, 37(7):130-144., articleTitle=Enterprise digital transformation and capital market performance: Empirical evidence from stock liquidity, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1263915177628524600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, awardId=21BJL056, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(21BJL056), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915177817268286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, awardId=2021.09—2025.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(2021.09—2025.12), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263915155230941994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915155323216686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, companyId=1263915155230941994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915155344188208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, companyId=1263915155230941994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.东南大学 经济管理学院,江苏 南京 211189)]), AuthorCompany(id=1263915155742647092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156061414199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, companyId=1263915155742647092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915156078191417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, companyId=1263915155742647092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.东南大学 中国特色社会主义发展研究院,江苏 南京 211189)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1263915169562878937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Parallel trend test results, figureFileSmall=oI3eXpsJzGCgqW2kqSRCXw==, figureFileBig=+pbh0QnjCRatD5d+jHNRKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915171257377761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=图1, caption=平行趋势检验结果, figureFileSmall=oI3eXpsJzGCgqW2kqSRCXw==, figureFileBig=+pbh0QnjCRatD5d+jHNRKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915172142375923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Placebo test results, figureFileSmall=ktrCyDXP/70ebc7TanK7qg==, figureFileBig=9jWcX7syUQAsItPru9gjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915172469531640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=图2, caption=安慰剂检验结果, figureFileSmall=ktrCyDXP/70ebc7TanK7qg==, figureFileBig=9jWcX7syUQAsItPru9gjhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915173010596864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Definition of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量符号 变量名称 变量定义
被解释变量 Int “两业融合” 详见文中定义
解释变量 DID 数据开放 详见文中定义
控制变量 PGDP 经济发展 城市实际GDP除以城市年末总人口
Tec 科技水平 科学与教育支出之和与GDP之比
Ind 产业结构 第三产业与第二产业产值之比
Fin 金融水平 金融机构年末存贷款余额与GDP之比
FDI 外商投资 以当年美元兑人民币汇率计算外商投资总额,并除以GDP
), ArticleFig(id=1263915173358723073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量定义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型 变量符号 变量名称 变量定义
被解释变量 Int “两业融合” 详见文中定义
解释变量 DID 数据开放 详见文中定义
控制变量 PGDP 经济发展 城市实际GDP除以城市年末总人口
Tec 科技水平 科学与教育支出之和与GDP之比
Ind 产业结构 第三产业与第二产业产值之比
Fin 金融水平 金融机构年末存贷款余额与GDP之比
FDI 外商投资 以当年美元兑人民币汇率计算外商投资总额,并除以GDP
), ArticleFig(id=1263915173732016135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Benchmark regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
Int Int
DID 0.0081*** 0.0084***
(0.0031) (0.0031)
PGDP 0.0020
(0.0043)
Tec -0.4309***
(0.0836)
Ind -0.0020
(0.0028)
Fin 0.0039**
(0.0020)
FDI 0.0492
(0.0904)
Constants 0.2266*** 0.2126***
(0.0005) (0.0478)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.8400 0.8410
), ArticleFig(id=1263915174134669325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基准回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2)
Int Int
DID 0.0081*** 0.0084***
(0.0031) (0.0031)
PGDP 0.0020
(0.0043)
Tec -0.4309***
(0.0836)
Ind -0.0020
(0.0028)
Fin 0.0039**
(0.0020)
FDI 0.0492
(0.0904)
Constants 0.2266*** 0.2126***
(0.0005) (0.0478)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.8400 0.8410
), ArticleFig(id=1263915175699144724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Robustness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
截面PSM 逐年PSM 宽带中国 智慧城市 替换被解释变量 替换解释变量
DID 0.0078*** 0.0050** 0.0076** 0.0082*** 0.1738***
(0.0024) (0.0025) (0.0031) (0.0031) (0.0225)
Broadband 0.0068***
(0.0021)
Smartcity -0.0031
(0.0019)
DI 0.1200***
(0.0267)
Constants 0.2004*** 0.2382*** 0.2076*** 0.2114*** 0.9601** 0.2162***
(0.0397) (0.0461) (0.0476) (0.0478) (0.4519) (0.0477)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4253 3790 4260 4260 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.065 0.061 0.8419 0.8415 0.9742 0.8417
), ArticleFig(id=1263915175845945369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

稳健性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
截面PSM 逐年PSM 宽带中国 智慧城市 替换被解释变量 替换解释变量
DID 0.0078*** 0.0050** 0.0076** 0.0082*** 0.1738***
(0.0024) (0.0025) (0.0031) (0.0031) (0.0225)
Broadband 0.0068***
(0.0021)
Smartcity -0.0031
(0.0019)
DI 0.1200***
(0.0267)
Constants 0.2004*** 0.2382*** 0.2076*** 0.2114*** 0.9601** 0.2162***
(0.0397) (0.0461) (0.0476) (0.0478) (0.4519) (0.0477)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4253 3790 4260 4260 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.065 0.061 0.8419 0.8415 0.9742 0.8417
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176261181474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Heterogeneity analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
胡焕庸线东南 胡焕庸线西北 高行政等级 低行政等级 高营商环境 低营商环境
DID 0.0092*** -0.0071 0.0007 0.0070* 0.0106*** -0.0032
(0.0032) (0.0131) (0.0061) (0.0037) (0.0038) (0.0081)
Constants 0.1979*** 0.2247* 0.5301*** 0.2191*** 0.1923** 0.2573***
(0.0536) (0.1191) (0.1509) (0.0506) (0.0805) (0.0575)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 3855 405 525 3735 2130 2130
adj.R2 0.836 0.880 0.739 0.752 0.857 0.763
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176638668839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

异质性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
胡焕庸线东南 胡焕庸线西北 高行政等级 低行政等级 高营商环境 低营商环境
DID 0.0092*** -0.0071 0.0007 0.0070* 0.0106*** -0.0032
(0.0032) (0.0131) (0.0061) (0.0037) (0.0038) (0.0081)
Constants 0.1979*** 0.2247* 0.5301*** 0.2191*** 0.1923** 0.2573***
(0.0536) (0.1191) (0.1509) (0.0506) (0.0805) (0.0575)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 3855 405 525 3735 2130 2130
adj.R2 0.836 0.880 0.739 0.752 0.857 0.763
), ArticleFig(id=1263915176756109357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mechanism test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
交易费用 融合 知识产权 融合 制造业 融合 服务业 融合
DID -0.0166*** 0.0051* 0.0782*** 0.0078** 0.4332*** 0.0071** 0.7700*** 0.0068**
(0.0027) (0.0030) (0.0250) (0.0031) (0.0662) (0.0031) (0.0868) (0.0032)
交易费用 -0.1804***
(0.0293)
知识产权 0.0033*
(0.0019)
制造业 0.0023***
(0.0006)
服务业 0.0016**
(0.0007)
Constants 0.1327*** 0.2505*** 0.1694*** 0.2260*** 2.3768*** 0.2211*** 1.1183*** 0.2248***
(0.0004) (0.0039) (0.0041) (0.0006) (0.0138) (0.0016) (0.0148) (0.0009)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.812 0.844 0.444 0.840 0.859 0.841 0.827 0.841
), ArticleFig(id=1263915177209094193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147723137757, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

机制检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
交易费用 融合 知识产权 融合 制造业 融合 服务业 融合
DID -0.0166*** 0.0051* 0.0782*** 0.0078** 0.4332*** 0.0071** 0.7700*** 0.0068**
(0.0027) (0.0030) (0.0250) (0.0031) (0.0662) (0.0031) (0.0868) (0.0032)
交易费用 -0.1804***
(0.0293)
知识产权 0.0033*
(0.0019)
制造业 0.0023***
(0.0006)
服务业 0.0016**
(0.0007)
Constants 0.1327*** 0.2505*** 0.1694*** 0.2260*** 2.3768*** 0.2211*** 1.1183*** 0.2248***
(0.0004) (0.0039) (0.0041) (0.0006) (0.0138) (0.0016) (0.0148) (0.0009)
控制变量
固定城市
固定年份
N 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260 4260
adj.R2 0.812 0.844 0.444 0.840 0.859 0.841 0.827 0.841
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数据开放对制造业与服务业融合的影响研究
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郭立祥 1 , 岳书敬 1, 2 , 张鑫和 1
科研管理 | 2026,47(3): 34-43
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科研管理 | 2026, 47(3): 34-43
数据开放对制造业与服务业融合的影响研究
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郭立祥1, 岳书敬1, 2 , 张鑫和1
作者信息
  • 1.东南大学 经济管理学院,江苏 南京 211189
  • 2.东南大学 中国特色社会主义发展研究院,江苏 南京 211189
  • 郭立祥(1995—),男(汉),天津红桥人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、区域经济。

    岳书敬(1979—),男(汉),河南新乡人,东南大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

    张鑫和(1993—),男(汉),安徽滁州人,东南大学经济管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:数字经济、创新经济。

通讯作者:

岳书敬,E-mail:
Research on the impact of data openness on the integration of the manufacturing and service industries
Lixiang Guo1, Shujing Yue1, 2 , Xinhe Zhang1
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China
  • 2. Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu,China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.004
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推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展(“两业融合”),是增强制造业核心竞争力、加快形成新质生产力、实现中国式现代化的重要途径,而数据开放为此提供了新的契机。本文基于2006—2020年中国城市数据,在测算“两业融合”水平基础上,以地方政府公共数据开放平台的上线构造准自然实验,综合运用多时点双重差分模型、中介效应模型等方法,实证检验数据开放对“两业融合”的影响效应及机制。研究发现:(1)数据开放显著提升了城市“两业融合”水平。(2)异质性分析表明,在胡焕庸线东南侧城市、低行政等级城市以及良好营商环境城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的促进作用更加明显。(3)机制分析表明,数据开放有助于降低交易费用、增强知识产权保护力度,加快制造业与服务业的数字化转型,进而赋能“两业融合”。本文为通过数据开放赋能“两业融合”提供了理论依据与经验支撑,为推动制造业与服务业深度融合,打造新制造、新服务、新业态,推进中国式现代化建设提供了决策参考。

数据开放  /  “两业融合”  /  数据要素  /  多时点双重差分

Promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries ("integration of two industries") is a crucial pathway to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector,accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces,and achieve Chinese-style modernization. Data openness provides a new opportunity for this endeavor. Based on the data from Chinese cities spanning 2006 to 2020,this paper constructed a quasi-natural experiment using the launch of local government public data platforms,and employed the multi-period difference-in-differences models and mediation effect models to empirically test the impact and mechanisms of data openness on the "integration of two industries". The study found that: (1) Data openness significantly promotes the "integration of two industries";(2) The heterogeneity analysis indicated that the promoting effect of data openness on the "integration of two industries" is more pronounced in cities located southeast of the Hu Huanyong Line,cities with lower administrative levels,and cities with favorable business environments;and (3) The mechanism analysis revealed that data openness helps reduce transaction costs,enhance intellectual property protection,and accelerate the digital transformation of both manufacturing and service industries,thereby empowering the "integration of two industries". This study will provide theoretical and empirical support for how data openness can empower the "integration of two industries" and offer policy recommendations for promoting the integration of the two industries,creating new manufacturing,new services,and new business models,and advancing Chinese-style modernization.

data openness  /  integration of two industries  /  data factor  /  multi-period difference-in-differences
郭立祥, 岳书敬, 张鑫和. 数据开放对制造业与服务业融合的影响研究. 科研管理, 2026 , 47 (3) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.004
Lixiang Guo, Shujing Yue, Xinhe Zhang. Research on the impact of data openness on the integration of the manufacturing and service industries[J]. Science Research Management, 2026 , 47 (3) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.004
数据要素是数字经济深化发展的核心引擎,在打造数字中国、实现中国式现代化进程中发挥着重要作用。中国数据要素市场规模庞大,根据国家数据局发布的《数字中国发展报告(2023年)》显示,2023年中国数据生产总量达32.85ZB,同比增长22.44%。然而,长期以来中国数据开放水平较低,阻碍了数据红利的进一步释放[1]。2020年,中共中央、国务院印发《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》,首次将数据列为生产要素之一,并提出要“推进政府数据开放共享”,“加快推动各地区各部门间数据共享交换”。在此背景下,地方政府公共数据开放平台的上线为释放数据价值提供了良好的契机。公共数据开放平台是由各省(区、市)人民政府办公厅牵头,相关政府部门参与的政务平台,其目的是为公众、企业、科研院校等提供原始的、公开的数据资源及信息服务。数据开放加快了数据要素的价值释放,不仅深刻变革了社会生产生活方式,而且在推动中国制造业打破“数据孤岛”、服务化转型、高质量发展等方面起到关键作用[2]
制造兴国、实业兴邦,制造业是国家经济命脉所系。党的十八大以来,中国制造业发展取得历史性成就,总体规模连续14年位居全球首位,但“大而不强”问题依旧存在,生产性服务业与制造业不匹配的问题尤为突出[3]。发达国家普遍存在两个70%的现象,即服务业占GDP的70%,以及生产性服务业占服务业的70%。然而,根据2022年数据,中国服务业约占GDP的50%,生产性服务业占服务业的比重不足三分之一,不仅阻碍了制造业高质量发展,也是现代产业体系建设中的掣肘。在此背景下,2019年国家发展改革委等部委联合印发了《关于推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展的实施意见》,提出“推动先进制造业和现代服务业相融相长、耦合共生”;2022年党的二十大报告明确提出,“推动现代服务业同先进制造业、现代农业深度融合”。数据要素复用增效、高效流通、融合创新的特质,为促进“两业融合”提供了可能。因此,探究数据开放对“两业融合”的影响,对增强制造业核心竞争力、加快形成新质生产力、实现中国式现代化具有重要的理论及现实意义。
“两业融合”是指企业价值链向上、下游延伸,传统制造业与服务业边界逐渐模糊的产业现象,以制造业服务化和服务业向制造业拓展为核心。现有文献聚焦于“两业融合”这一主题,分别探讨了“两业融合”的经济后果及形成原因。经济后果方面,现有研究关注“两业融合”对创新发展[4-5],全球价值链提升[6]、产业转型升级[7]的影响,多认为“两业融合”能起到积极促进作用。成因方面,杨蕙馨等[8]认为制造业企业的技术进步、能力构建以及与外部环境的动态适配是推动“两业融合”的关键因素;孙晓华等[9]以“营改增”政策构建准自然实验,认为其显著提升了“两业融合”水平;高翔等[10]认为工业机器人的运用显著提升了企业的服务增加值率,进而促进“两业融合”。在新一轮科技革命和产业变革中,数字经济的发展颠覆了以往的产业分工[11],使得先进制造业和现代服务业的边界逐渐模糊,为“两业融合”提供了新的契机。在此背景下,部分研究聚焦于数字技术[12]、数字贸易[13]对“两业融合”的影响,认为数字经济及相关技术的发展通过提升创新能力、降低搜寻成本、扩大市场需求等机制促进了“两业融合”。
综上所述,现有研究对“两业融合”的成因,数字经济是否影响了“两业融合”,以及其影响机制做了大量有益探讨,但仍存在可拓展的空间:(1)在研究视角方面,现有研究多关注数字技术等因素对“两业融合”的影响,忽视了数据要素对“两业融合”的影响效应。(2)在影响机制方面,部分研究考察了数据开放对区域协调发展[14]、企业创新[15]的影响,而数据开放赋能“两业融合”的影响机制仍是空白。有鉴于此,本文聚焦于数据要素这一研究视角,采用2006—2020年中国城市数据,以地方政府公共数据开放平台的上线构造准自然实验,实证考察数据开放对“两业融合”的影响效应,并从交易费用、知识产权保护和数字化转型等方面揭示数据开放对“两业融合”的影响机制。本文弥补了数据开放赋能“两业融合”领域的研究不足,以期为加快“两业融合”、增强制造业核心竞争力、实现中国式现代化提供理论和经验参考。
在制度变迁理论视角下,更高效的制度总会替换原有制度,而公共数据开放平台的上线作为一项新的制度安排,其内在经济激励可能从以下方面赋能“两业融合”。首先,数据开放为“两业融合”提供了实时、精准的数据支撑,增强了信息的共享与交流。通过数据要素的收集、处理和分析,制造业和服务业可以更加准确地获取到市场需求、生产状态、供应链情况等关键信息,从而及时调整生产计划、优化供应链管理、制定有针对性的营销策略,在利益导向上赋能“两业融合”。其次,数据开放为“两业融合”的创新发展提供了潜在动力。创新是生产要素和生产条件的重新组合,其目的是获取更大的利润,而数据开放驱动了产业变革和创新发展[16],为“两业融合”提供了更广阔的空间。数据开放不仅为分散的创新行为提供了链接,催生了开放式、分布式、网络式等创新模式[17],而且提高了制造业和服务业的发展效率,为制造业破旧立新提供了全新的“催化剂”。最后,数据要素的共享和交换为“两业融合”提供了良好的发展环境。数据开放不仅减少了“两业融合”的壁垒,而且模糊了制造业与服务业之间的边界,制造业和服务业之间可以进行更加紧密的联系和合作,实现产业链的完整闭环和协同优化,进一步重塑了制造业与服务业的价值共创方式,也为“两业融合”提供了环境保障。基于此,本文提出如下假设:
H1:数据开放能够显著提升“两业融合”水平。
具体而言,数据开放可能从以下三个方面赋能“两业融合”。
第一,数据开放能够降低交易费用,进而赋能“两业融合”。制度经济学提出,交易费用不仅改变了企业的边界,也影响了企业的生产、制造效率[18],而数据开放则有助于降低信息获取成本和交易费用。一方面,数据开放使市场各类主体能够更高效地获取信息,从而降低市场中的信息不对称性、提高资源配置效率[19];另一方面,数据开放转变了“冰山成本”的存在方式,交易费用的下降不仅使得分工专业化,而且打破了行业之间的壁垒、地方政府的保护,推动全国统一大市场建设。因此,随着交易费用的不断下降,制造业与服务业之间的边界逐渐模糊,各行业的准入门槛不断降低,有助于激发各类主体的创新活力,加强制造业和服务业的良性互动,从而赋能“两业融合”。
第二,数据开放能够加强知识产权保护,进而赋能“两业融合”。知识产权纠纷的隐蔽性、多发性特征,使得“两业融合”外部保障缺失,而知识产权转化运用程度低、效果差,导致了“两业融合”内在激励不足。面对外部保障与内在激励的双重矛盾,数据开放为“两业融合”提供了新的机遇。一方面,数据开放为知识产权保护提供了更为有效的手段。通过公开、透明的公共数据开放平台,企业可以更加迅速地监测到潜在的知识产权侵权行为,及时采取相应的法律措施[20],为“两业融合”提供了外部环境保障。另一方面,数据开放为专利转化运用提供了更多途径,制造业、服务业企业可以在更大范围内获取先进的技术和资源,从而加快知识的传播与分享,实现资源优化配置[21],为“两业融合”提供内在激励支撑。
第三,数据开放能够促进制造业和服务业的数字化转型,进而赋能“两业融合”。首先,数据要素的衍生性、可得性、非排他性等特性,促进了企业从传统的生产模式向智能、柔性的生产模式转变,加快了制造业和服务业的数字化转型进程,从而极大地提升了制造业与服务业之间的协作能力、拓展了合作网络,丰富了行业间的资源共享渠道。其次,数据开放引致的数字化转型,还增强了制造业和服务业的价值创造,延伸了产业链长度[22]。最后,数据开放加速了商品和服务的流通,特别是随着电子商务等模式的快速发展,推动了制造业向服务业延伸,服务业反哺制造业发展。依托于数据要素价值释放,制造业和服务业数字化转型进程全面加快,促进了“两业融合”发展。基于此,本文提出如下假设:
H2:数据开放通过降低交易费用、加强知识产权保护、促进制造业和服务业数字化转型等途径,赋能“两业融合”。
双重差分模型通过控制研究对象在某一政策前后的时间差异和个体差异,排除了个体因素的干扰,是检验政策有效性的常见方法之一。本文利用双重差分模型,以各城市政府公共数据开放平台的上线构造准自然实验。考虑到公共数据开放平台分批次上线,本文构建了多时点双重差分回归模型(1),以评估数据开放的政策效应:
Intit=α+βDIDit+γCVit+CityFE+YearFE+εit
其中,Int表示“两业融合”水平,DID表示公共数据开放平台的上线,CV表示控制变量,即其他可能影响“两业融合”的因素。CityFE为城市固定效应,YearFE为年份固定效应,ε为随机扰动项。β为数据开放对“两业融合”的影响效应。
本文的被解释变量为先进制造业与现代服务业的融合水平(“两业融合”)。理论层面,对“两业融合”的探讨最早可追溯至生产性服务业概念的提出。随着产品经济不断向服务经济延伸,制造业和服务业之间的边界愈发模糊,因此衍生出生产性服务业的概念[23]。生产性服务业是由制造业中延伸出的配套服务行业,具有技术密集、人力资本密集、劳动生产率高的特点。中国经济正处于服务化转型的关键时期,提高生产性服务业在服务业中的比重,不仅有助于促进制造业转型升级,而且能提升中国在全球价值链中的分工地位,是推动“两业融合”的重要抓手[24]。考虑到生产性服务业增加值难以获取,参考周明生和张一兵[12]的做法,以生产性服务业从业人数占服务业从业数之比衡量“两业融合”水平。本文参考韩峰和阳立高[25]的研究对生产性服务业进行划分,从业人员数量来源于历年《中国城市统计年鉴》。
本文通过构建城市虚拟变量(Treat)和年份虚拟变量(Post)的交互项(Treat × Post)表征数据开放(DID)。其中,若城市开通公共数据开放平台,则设置为实验组(Treat=1),否则为对照组(Treat=0);若城市在t年开通公共数据开放平台,则Post=1,否则Post=0。
参考现有文献的相关做法[12-13],本文选择如下控制变量。①经济发展(PGDP)。以2006年为基期对名义GDP进行消胀处理,并除以城市年末总人口,从而表征经济发展水平。②科技水平(Tec)。采用科学与教育支出之和与GDP之比表征城市科技水平。③产业结构(Ind)。利用各城市第三产业与第二产业产值之比表征产业结构。④金融水平(Fin)。采用金融机构年末存贷款余额与GDP之比表征金融水平。⑤外商投资(FDI)。以当年美元兑人民币汇率计算外商投资总额,并除以城市GDP,表征外商投资水平。具体见表1
在综合考虑数据可获得性与时效性的基础上,以中国284个地级及以上城市(因数据可得性原因,样本暂未包含西藏、香港、澳门、台湾,以及部分数据缺失严重城市)为研究对象,将样本考察期设定为2006—2020年。城市层面的控制变量均来源于历年《中国城市统计年鉴》,统计口径为全市,部分缺失数据通过查找各城市历年统计年鉴,插值拟合等方法获取。
“两业融合”的最大值为0.5744,最小值为0.0340,平均值为0.2272,说明各城市的“两业融合”水平存在一定差异。数据开放的平均值为0.0702,表明样本考察期内7.02%的城市开通了公共数据开放平台。此外,各变量的VIF均小于2,排除了多重共线性问题
本文采用多时点双重差分模型评估数据开放对“两业融合”的影响,结果如表2所示。根据表2第(1)列,在未加入控制变量时,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响显著为正。根据表2第(2)列,在考虑控制变量之后,数据开放同样在1%的水平上显著促进了“两业融合”,结果具有稳健性,验证了本文的假设1。可见,公共数据开放平台的上线,一方面加快了数据要素价值释放,提供了更加开放透明的市场环境,更加有活力的运行制度,另一方面也为先进制造业与现代服务业的融合发展提供了技术牵引与支撑,加快了“两业融合”进程。
参考Beck等[26]的思路,本部分采用事件研究法进行平行趋势检验。根据图1可知,在公共数据开放平台上线之前的6年内,各期结果均未通过5%的显著性检验,说明是否上线公共数据开放平台对“两业融合”的影响无显著性差异,满足平行趋势假设。在公共数据开放平台上线当期,回归系数为正并通过了5%水平上的显著性检验,说明数据开放对“两业融合”存在显著的正向影响。
双重差分法一定程度上缓解了内生性和反向因果问题,但无法解决样本选择偏误。因此,本文将双重差分法与倾向得分匹配法(PSM)相结合,以缓解样本选择偏误问题。表3第(1)列报告了满足共同支撑的截面PSM回归结果,表3第(2)列报告了满足共同支撑的逐年PSM回归结果,DID的系数均显著为正,证实了结果的稳健性。
公共数据开放平台的上线一定程度上反映出中国数字经济的发展程度,而在这期间许多政策都与数字经济发展密切相关。为尽可能排除相关政策的冲击,本部分在基准回归的基础上,分别添加了2012年开始的“智慧城市”试点政策(Smartcity),以及2014年开始的“宽带中国”试点政策(Broadband),以进行稳健性检验,结果如表3第(3)和(4)列所示。在排除了相关政策的影响后,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响依然显著为正,结果依旧稳健。
制造业向服务业转型,不仅是全球制造业的发展趋势,也是“两业融合”的重要表现。参考韩宏钻和胡晓丹[5]的做法,本部分利用OECD投入产出表计算制造业行业对服务业行业的直接消耗系数,并乘以各城市历年第三产业产值占比,表征制造业服务化水平,替代“两业融合”进行回归检验。根据表3第(5)列,数据开放在1%的水平上显著提升了制造业服务化水平,结果具有稳健性。
公共数据开放平台的上线一定程度上代表了城市数字基础设施的发展水平,因此,参考方福前等[27]的做法,本部分选用移动电话年末用户数、国际互联网用户数以及电信业务收入等指标,通过面板熵值法测度数字基础设施发展指数(Digital InfrastructureDI),通过替换核心解释变量的方法进行稳健性检验,结果如表3第(6)列所示。根据结果可知,数字基础设施对“两业融合”的影响在1%的水平上显著为正,结果依旧稳健。
为排除部分不可观测的城市特征对结果造成的影响,本部分进行安慰剂检验,结果如图2所示。第一,随机生成的错误回归系数分布在0附近,且服从正态分布;第二,绝大多数错误的回归结果未能通过10%水平上的显著性检验;第三,数据开放对“两业融合”的真实影响系数明显不同于随机生成的影响系数。上述结果符合安慰剂检验的预期,表明数据开放促进“两业融合”的结果具有稳健性。
城市的区位、行政等级与营商环境等特征决定了城市的经济水平和发展潜力,数据开放也可能因为上述原因,对“两业融合”产生差异化的影响。因此,本部分通过异质性分析,回答数据开放对“两业融合”的影响是否会受到城市区位、行政等级和营商环境的影响。
胡焕庸线是中国人口、经济、自然环境的重要分界线,这种差异很可能导致数据开放对“两业融合”的影响存在异质性。因此,以胡焕庸线这一地理界线为标准,将城市划分为胡焕庸线东南侧城市和西北侧城市,考察数据开放对“两业融合”的不同影响。根据表4第(1)列和第(2)列,对于胡焕庸线东南侧城市而言,数据开放在1%的水平上显著促进了“两业融合”,而对于胡焕庸线西北侧城市而言,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响并不显著。究其原因,胡焕庸线东南侧城市的产业结构更为高级,在先进制造业和现代服务业等方面存在领先优势,并且人才的集聚效应更为明显,能够更好地发挥数据要素协同优化、复用增效的优势,通过数字化手段来推动先进制造业和现代服务业发展,促进“两业融合”。
本部分以城市的行政等级为依据,将直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市定义为高行政等级城市,将其他城市定义为低行政等级城市,从而考察不同行政等级城市的数据开放对“两业融合”的影响。根据表4第(3)列和第(4)列,在高行政等级城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响为正,但并未通过显著性检验,而在低行政等级城市中,数据开放显著提升了“两业融合”水平。可能的原因是,对于行政等级较高的城市而言,其经济发展水平相对处于领先地位,先进制造业发展已经较为成熟,现代服务业也较为完备,因此对“两业融合”也提出了相对更高的要求。而对于行政等级较低的城市而言,城市发展相对落后,制造业与服务业正处于发展初期或加速成长期,公共数据开放平台的上线进一步释放了数据要素价值,可以依托数据要素提升资源配置效率、实现价值倍增,进而加快“两业融合”步伐。
良好的营商环境不仅是发展先进制造业与现代服务业的重要基础,也是实现中国式现代化的题中之义。因此,根据《中国城市政商关系排行榜2020》发布的城市政商关系指数,将城市按照中位数进行划分,进而考察在不同的营商环境中,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响。根据表4第(5)列和第(6)列,在高营商环境城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响系数为0.0106且通过了1%水平上的显著性检验,而在低营商环境城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的影响为负且未通过显著性检验。究其原因,在营商环境较好的城市中,城市致力于简化流程、减税降费等各个环节,在资源分配、产业分工、技术合作等方面均具有较为先进的经验,使得城市可以更好发挥数据要素低成本、高复制性等特有优势,推动“两业融合”。而在营商环境较差的城市中可能存在行政壁垒、制度障碍等问题,不仅阻碍了数据要素价值的释放,也导致制造业与服务业之间无法良性互动、深度融合。
本部分构建中介效应模型(2)和模型(3),实证检验数据开放对“两业融合”的影响机制:
Mediatorit=α+ϕDIDit+γCVit+CityFE+YearFE+εit
Intit=α+θDIDit+δMediatorit+γCVit+CityFE+YearFE+εit
其中,Mediator是中介变量,分别以交易费用、知识产权保护、制造业数字化转型和服务业数字化转型表示,其余变量与前文一致。如果δϕ均显著,则说明中介关系成立;若θ显著且作用方向与δ×ϕ一致,则中介变量对总体效应的贡献率为δ×ϕ/(δ×ϕ+θ)。
交易费用是新制度经济学的核心概念之一。参考袁航和朱承亮[28]的研究,本部分以城市“公共管理和社会组织从业人员数”占城市总就业人员数的比重表征城市的交易费用,并进行机制检验。表5第(1)列表明,数据开放有利于降低交易费用,同时表5第(2)列表明,交易费用的下降对促进“两业融合”产生了部分中介效应,对总体效应的贡献程度为37.00%。究其原因,数据开放减少了信息不对称,制造业和服务业企业能够更准确地评估生产活动中的风险和机会,降低信息搜寻成本。随着行业间壁垒的减弱,制造业可以利用服务业数据进行精准的市场需求预测,而服务业可以通过制造业数据优化服务流程。因此,数据开放推动了“两业融合”,实现资源的最优配置和产业协同发展。
强化知识产权保护是推动科技创新、促进制造业和服务业高质量发展的重要保障,也是促进“两业融合”的潜力所在。参考沈国兵和黄铄珺[29]的研究,本文运用知识产权审判结案数计算了各城市知识产权保护强度,并进行机制检验。根据表5第(3)列,DID的系数在1%的水平上显著为正,说明公共数据开放平台的上线加强了知识产权保护力度。同时结合表5第(4)列可知,数据开放的知识产权保护效应进一步推动了“两业融合”,对总体效应的贡献率为3.20%。上述结果表明,数据开放有助于构建更加透明高效的知识产权管理体系,不仅减少了侵权行为的发生,同时促进了知识产权信息的共享交流。通过强化知识产权保护,制造业和服务业的创新成果得到了更有效的保障,激发了企业的创新积极性,推动了二者在产业链、创新链、价值链上的协同发展,为“两业融合”提供了坚实的制度保障。
数字化转型是应对新一轮科技变革的重要举措,也是先进制造业和现代服务业发展的重点方向。参考吴非等[30]的研究,本部分统计了制造业和服务业企业的数字化转型程度,并将其加总至城市层面后,以相关词频+1后的对数值,表征城市的数字化转型水平。根据表5第(5)和(6)列可知,数据开放显著促进了制造业数字化转型,并存在部分中介效应,其对总体效应的贡献为12.46%。根据表5第(7)和(8)列,数据开放同样显著促进了服务业数字化转型,并且存在部分中介效应,对总效应的贡献为15.34%。可见,数据开放促进了不同行业之间的数据互通共享,提升了数据分析和处理效率,为制造业和服务业企业的数字化转型提供了技术和数据支撑。随着数字化转型进程的不断加快,企业价值不断向上、下游延伸,行业间壁垒逐渐减弱,最终消费者的个性化需求可以更好地反映到生产端,智能制造等技术的完善可以对市场环境做出更高效的判断,进而促进“两业融合”。
综上所述,数据开放通过降低交易费用、加强知识产权保护、促进制造业和服务业数字化转型等多种途径,加快了“两业融合”步伐,验证了本文的假设2。
本文采用2006—2020年中国284个城市面板数据,以地方政府公共数据开放平台的上线构造准自然实验,考察了数据开放对“两业融合”的影响,得到以下主要结论:
(1)数据开放显著提升了“两业融合”水平。城市政府公共数据开放平台的上线,显著提升了“两业融合”水平,这一结论经过了一系列稳健性检验。可见,数据开放将零散的数据资源进行整合,不仅降低了制造业与服务业企业的数据获取成本和技术门槛,而且提升了企业的资源配置效率,将企业价值链向上、下游延伸,进而打破制造业与服务业之间的壁垒,促进了“两业融合”。该结论在现有文献的基础上,将研究视角由数字技术、数字贸易等维度拓展至数据要素维度,弥补了数据开放对“两业融合”影响的研究不足,为促进“两业融合”提供了新的参考。
(2)数据开放对“两业融合”的促进作用存在区域异质性。在胡焕庸线东南侧城市、低行政等级城市以及营商环境良好的城市中,数据开放对“两业融合”的促进作用更加明显。该结论反映出,在经济基础和营商环境更好的城市中,数据开放能够更好地释放数据要素价值,推动资源分配、产业分工、技术合作的进步,同时对于低行政等级城市而言,要充分利用好数据要素低成本的后发优势,推动“两业融合”。该结论在推动区域协调发展、优化城市营商环境的背景下,为发挥数据要素价值,赋能“两业融合”提供了有针对性的路径蓝图。
(3)降低交易费用、加强知识产权保护、促进数字化转型是促进“两业融合”的重要机制。各城市政府公共数据开放平台的上线,一是使得数据更加开放,降低了信息搜寻成本,减弱了行业间壁垒;二是使得数据更加透明,有助于构建高效透明的知识产权管理体系,推动了制造业与服务业在产业链、创新链、价值链上的协同发展;三是使得数据更加有价值,为企业数字化转型提供了技术和平台支撑,进而促进了“两业融合”。该结论厘清了数据开放对“两业融合”的影响机制与效能,为释放数据要素红利,加快“两业融合”进程提供了理论依据和经验证据。
本文揭示了数据开放如何加快“两业融合”进程,相关结论可提出如下管理启示:
(1)加快数据开放进程,推动“两业融合”行稳致远。首先,应鼓励更多的城市上线公共数据开放平台,降低数据获取门槛,并建立统一的数据标准,确保数据的可得性与可比性。其次,建立完善且安全的数据共享机制,鼓励更多的数据要素向行业和企业开放,特别是将制造业的生产数据、供应链数据与服务业的市场需求数据、消费者行为数据相结合,为企业提供更全面、准确的市场信息和决策支持。最后,加快数字人才培养和引育,提高数据分析和挖掘的能力,在制度安排、发展环境和内在激励等方面为“两业融合”提供保障。
(2)加强区域差异化政策支持,因地制宜释放数据要素红利。面对“两业融合”发展不平衡、不协同、不深入,以及政策环境、制度性壁垒等一系列问题,要因地制宜发挥数据要素优势。对于经济发展相对落后城市而言,应充分挖掘数据要素价值,进一步利用好数据要素的“后发优势”,对城市实施智能化、数字化管理,从而提升城市运行效率、优化城市产业布局,加快城市转型升级步伐,推动先进制造业和现代服务业协同发展。同时要注重优化城市营商环境,以数据开放倒逼营商环境改善,进而为“两业融合”注入全新动能。
(3)拓展数据开放应用场景,促进“两业融合”降本增效。首先,要加强数据安全和隐私保护,不仅要降低制造业和服务业企业利用数据的成本和风险,也要降低城市整体的交易费用。其次,建立健全知识产权保护机制,充分利用好公共数据开放平台,为企业提供知识产权登记、维权和保护的支持服务,促进制造业和服务业创新发展和成果转化。最后,加大对制造业和服务业数字化转型的支持力度。通过数据开放为制造业提供所需的数据和技术,帮助服务业更好地了解消费者需求,在数字化进程中更高效地提升“两业融合”水平。
本文仍存在如下不足:(1)在研究方法上,本文利用双重差分方法考察了数据开放对“两业融合”的影响。然而,各城市数据开放程度明显不同,双重差分方法很难反映出这种差异。未来的研究可以考虑构建数据开放评价体系、文本挖掘分析等方法,进一步探寻数据开放程度对“两业融合”的差异性影响。(2)在研究尺度上,本文聚焦于中国城市层面,尚未将产业层面、企业层面的影响考虑在内。未来的研究可以从产业层面考察重点高新技术产业的“两业融合”水平,从企业层面利用工业企业或上市公司数据识别“两业融合”的演进态势,进而形成“宏观区域—中观产业—微观企业”的多尺度分析框架,更完整地探寻数据开放对“两业融合”的影响效应及机制。
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(21BJL056)
  • 国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(2021.09—2025.12)
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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.004
  • 接收时间:2024-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14
  • 修回日期:2024-12-18
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(21BJL056)
国家社会科学基金一般项目:“数据要素视角下区域协调发展的新机制与新路径研究”(2021.09—2025.12)
作者信息
    1.东南大学 经济管理学院,江苏 南京 211189
    2.东南大学 中国特色社会主义发展研究院,江苏 南京 211189

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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