Article(id=1263915147911881438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.010, pmid=null, cstr=32148.14.kygl.2026.03.010, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717689600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-07, revisedDate=1733587200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1779270453670, onlineDateStr=2026-05-20, pubDate=1773936000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1779270453670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1779270453670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779270453670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1263915140974502579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='208', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1779270452016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1779272730798, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1263924699034170233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, issueId=1263915140974502579, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=93, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1263915149430219498, articleId=1263915147911881438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, language=EN, title=Research on the evolutionary game in which S&T leading enterprises lead the innovation consortium to make continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies, columnId=null, journalTitle=Science Research Management, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Promoting the deep integration of S&T innovation and industrial innovation through an enterprise-led innovation consortium is the key to make breakthroughs in key core technologies and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces. Based on the evolutionary game theory,this paper used the Matlab software to simulate and analyze the strategy selection of innovation subjects under changes in different parameters,revealing the dynamic evolution law according to which the S&T leading enterprises lead innovation consortium to make continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies. The research found that: (1) The government's willingness of participation is a critical factor influencing the cooperation among the innovation consortium members,with a particularly significant impact on S&T leading enterprises;Enhancing the participation willingness of S&T leading enterprises can influence the enthusiasm of member units to some extent,while conversely,increasing the participation willingness of member units has a minimal effect on the strategic choices of the government and S&T leading enterprises;(2) Compared with the incentive mechanism,a reasonable punishment mechanism can more effectively promote the continued participation and enthusiasm of each member of the innovation consortium in key core technology research;(3) The income from the transformation of S&T achievements significantly impacts the enthusiasm of the innovation consortium members to continue participating in key core technology research,with a particularly pronounced effect on S&T leading enterprises;(4) When all the subjects of the innovation consortium adopt a positive strategy,the willingness of S&T leading enterprises to participate increases with the increase of the success probability of the key core technology breakthroughs. However,if only one party is actively innovating,the other party are unlikely to choose active innovation,and the government will not choose a strategy that is highly involved in support. Finally,this paper proposed the following countermeasures and suggestions: strengthening a well-functioning government,improving an efficient market,cultivating powerful subjects,and building a tolerant society within an integrated four-in-one collaborative system. These measures will empower the innovation consortium led by S&T leading enterprises,stimulate the innovation vitality of multiple subjects,achieve continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies,and cultivate new quality productive forces and new kinetic energy.

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以企业主导的创新联合体推动科技创新与产业创新深度融合,是突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题、加快发展新质生产力的关键。本文基于演化博弈理论,运用Matlab软件对创新主体在不同参量变化下的策略选择进行仿真分析,揭示科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的动态演化规律。研究发现:(1)政府参与意愿是影响创新联合体成员合作的重要因素,且对科技领军企业的影响更加显著;提升科技领军企业的参与意愿,在一定程度上会影响成员单位的积极性,提升成员单位的参与意愿对政府和科技领军企业的策略选择几乎没有影响;(2)相比激励机制,合理的惩罚机制更能有效促进创新联合体各主体持续参与关键核心技术攻关的积极性;(3)科技成果转化收益对创新联合体持续参与关键核心技术攻关的积极性有显著影响,且对科技领军企业的影响更加突出;(4)当创新联合体各主体均选择积极策略时,科技领军企业参与意愿随着关键核心技术突破成功概率增加而增加;但仅有一方积极创新时,另一方不会选择积极创新,且政府不会选择高度参与支持的策略。最后,本文提出以下对策建议:加强有为政府、健全有效市场、培育有力主体、构建有容社会四位一体的协同体系,赋能科技领军企业牵头的创新联合体,激发多元主体创新活力,持续突破关键核心技术,培育新质生产力新动能。

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尹西明,E-mail:
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袁 野(1985—),男(汉),湖北荆门人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院教授、硕士生导师,研究方向:创新政策。

赵玉莹(2001—),女(汉),河南许昌人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院硕士研究生,研究方向:创新政策。

尹西明(1991—),男(汉),河南平顶山人,北京理工大学管理学院研究员、博士生导师,研究方向:创新管理与科技政策。

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袁 野(1985—),男(汉),湖北荆门人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院教授、硕士生导师,研究方向:创新政策。

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赵玉莹(2001—),女(汉),河南许昌人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院硕士研究生,研究方向:创新政策。

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尹西明(1991—),男(汉),河南平顶山人,北京理工大学管理学院研究员、博士生导师,研究方向:创新管理与科技政策。

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Academic Research, 2023(12):89-97., articleTitle=The government-market relationship of the new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide: Consensus and mechanisms, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1263915194145693969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=72474025, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目:“科技成果转化赋能新质生产力发展:理论基础、组织模式与制度环境”(72474025), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915194376380693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=2025.09—2028.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目:“科技成果转化赋能新质生产力发展:理论基础、组织模式与制度环境”(2025.09—2028.12), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915194628038938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=23XGL040, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金西部项目:“我国企业打造数智技术原始创新策源地的协作模式与路径研究”(23XGL040), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915194833559836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=2023.09—2026.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金西部项目:“我国企业打造数智技术原始创新策源地的协作模式与路径研究”(2023.09—2026.12), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915195169104159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=2024-15, language=CN, fundingSource=国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024-15), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915195357847842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=2024.03—2025.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024.03—2025.12), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915195542397222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=72104027, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(72104027), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1263915195982799146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, awardId=2021.09—2024.12, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(2021.09—2024.12), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1263915169130865617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1263915169189585876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, companyId=1263915169130865617, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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figureFileBig=Ism4+63T67OQuo0Q2VzZOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915186939879602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=图7, caption=科技成果转化收益变化的演化结果, figureFileSmall=66t8RxQoWN8tUJ1tCZdCPg==, figureFileBig=Ism4+63T67OQuo0Q2VzZOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915187044737206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Evolution of changes in distribution coefficient of income from S&T achievements transformation, figureFileSmall=jzMwDZXBHpz3/WR2wJWUGQ==, figureFileBig=SFFuYMynu1SF7lHtkmt4Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915187132817596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=图8, caption=科技成果转化收益分配系数变化的演化结果, figureFileSmall=jzMwDZXBHpz3/WR2wJWUGQ==, figureFileBig=SFFuYMynu1SF7lHtkmt4Gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915187329949887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Evolution of changes in the success probability (λ1) of key core technology breakthroughs, figureFileSmall=r1AAvBzRiNhcMO+XDVy56A==, figureFileBig=HFV3/FthdbaV42A9zpwU1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915187430613186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=图9, caption=关键核心技术突破成功概率λ1变化的演化结果, figureFileSmall=r1AAvBzRiNhcMO+XDVy56A==, figureFileBig=HFV3/FthdbaV42A9zpwU1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1263915189141889226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Figure 10a, caption=Evolution of changes of λ2 when S&T leading enterprises engage in active innovation, figureFileSmall=zbmweV0sQSZOYn5hTZUzLA==, figureFileBig=Rr1c0dwpb9stTHJTwPaTWA==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Assumptions and explanations of main parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 含义
G1 政府给予科技领军企业的激励
G2 政府给予成员单位的激励
C 科技领军企业和成员单位突破关键核心技术的总成本
α 成本分配系数
R1 政府通过创新联合体获得的基本收益
ΔR1 政府高度参与创新联合体时获得的额外收益
R2 科技领军企业独自创新时的基本收益
R3 成员单位独自创新时的基本收益
ΔR2 科技成果转化的收益
β 科技成果转化收益分配系数
λ1 双方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率
λ2 仅一方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率
N1 科技领军企业消极创新时的“搭便车”收益
N2 成员单位消极创新时的“搭便车”收益
F 科技领军企业或成员单位消极创新时需支付的罚金
), ArticleFig(id=1263915190249185505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要参数假设及解释

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 含义
G1 政府给予科技领军企业的激励
G2 政府给予成员单位的激励
C 科技领军企业和成员单位突破关键核心技术的总成本
α 成本分配系数
R1 政府通过创新联合体获得的基本收益
ΔR1 政府高度参与创新联合体时获得的额外收益
R2 科技领军企业独自创新时的基本收益
R3 成员单位独自创新时的基本收益
ΔR2 科技成果转化的收益
β 科技成果转化收益分配系数
λ1 双方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率
λ2 仅一方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率
N1 科技领军企业消极创新时的“搭便车”收益
N2 成员单位消极创新时的“搭便车”收益
F 科技领军企业或成员单位消极创新时需支付的罚金
), ArticleFig(id=1263915190450512101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Tripartite payment matrix of the government,S&T leading enterprises and member units

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈主体 成员单位
积极创新z 消极创新1-z
政府 高度参与
x
科技
领军
企业
积极创新
y
R1+λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 R1+λ2ΔR1-G1
R2+βλ1ΔR2+G1-αC R2+λ2ΔR2+G1-αC+F
R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2+G2-(1-αC R3-(1-αC-F+N2
消极创新
1-y
R1-G2 R1
R2-αC-F+N1 R2-αC
R3+λ2ΔR2+G2-(1-αC+F R3-(1-αC
参与
1-x
科技
领军
企业
积极创新
y
R1 R1
R2+βλ1ΔR2-αC R2+λ2ΔR2-αC+F
R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2-(1-αC R3-(1-αC-F+N2
消极创新
1-y
R1 R1
R2-αC-F+N1 R2-αC
R3+λ2ΔR2-(1-αC+F R3-(1-αC
), ArticleFig(id=1263915190542786790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

政府、科技领军企业、成员单位三方支付矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
博弈主体 成员单位
积极创新z 消极创新1-z
政府 高度参与
x
科技
领军
企业
积极创新
y
R1+λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 R1+λ2ΔR1-G1
R2+βλ1ΔR2+G1-αC R2+λ2ΔR2+G1-αC+F
R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2+G2-(1-αC R3-(1-αC-F+N2
消极创新
1-y
R1-G2 R1
R2-αC-F+N1 R2-αC
R3+λ2ΔR2+G2-(1-αC+F R3-(1-αC
参与
1-x
科技
领军
企业
积极创新
y
R1 R1
R2+βλ1ΔR2-αC R2+λ2ΔR2-αC+F
R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2-(1-αC R3-(1-αC-F+N2
消极创新
1-y
R1 R1
R2-αC-F+N1 R2-αC
R3+λ2ΔR2-(1-αC+F R3-(1-αC
), ArticleFig(id=1263915190974800110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix corresponding to each equilibrium point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 特征值γ1 特征值γ2 特征值γ3
E1(0,0,0) 0 λ2ΔR2+F λ2ΔR2+F
E2(1,0,0) 0 G1+λ2ΔR2+F G2+λ2ΔR2+F
E3(0,1,0) λ2ΔR1-G1 -(λ2ΔR2+F (1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F
E4(0,0,1) -G2 βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -(λ2ΔR2+F
E5(1,1,0) -(λ2ΔR1-G1 -(G1+λ2ΔR2+F G2+(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F
E6(0,1,1) λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 -(βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -[(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F]
E7(1,0,1) G2 G1+βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -(G2+λ2ΔR2+F
E8(1,1,1) -(λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 -(G1+βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -[G2+(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F]
), ArticleFig(id=1263915191100629234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各均衡点对应的雅可比矩阵的特征值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 特征值γ1 特征值γ2 特征值γ3
E1(0,0,0) 0 λ2ΔR2+F λ2ΔR2+F
E2(1,0,0) 0 G1+λ2ΔR2+F G2+λ2ΔR2+F
E3(0,1,0) λ2ΔR1-G1 -(λ2ΔR2+F (1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F
E4(0,0,1) -G2 βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -(λ2ΔR2+F
E5(1,1,0) -(λ2ΔR1-G1 -(G1+λ2ΔR2+F G2+(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F
E6(0,1,1) λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 -(βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -[(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F]
E7(1,0,1) G2 G1+βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -(G2+λ2ΔR2+F
E8(1,1,1) -(λ1ΔR1-G1-G2 -(G1+βλ1ΔR2-N1+F -[G2+(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F]
), ArticleFig(id=1263915191377453305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Local stability of equilibrium points in Case 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E6(0,1,1) + - - 非稳定点
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) - - - ESS
), ArticleFig(id=1263915191641694461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

情形1下的均衡点局部稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E6(0,1,1) + - - 非稳定点
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) - - - ESS
), ArticleFig(id=1263915191780106496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Local stability of equilibrium points in Case 2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) + - - 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) - - - ESS
E6(0,1,1) +,- - + 非稳定点
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) +,- - + 非稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1263915191981433091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

情形2下的均衡点局部稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) + - - 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) - - - ESS
E6(0,1,1) +,- - + 非稳定点
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) +,- - + 非稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1263915193847898377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Local stability of equilibrium points in Case 3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E6(0,1,1) - - - ESS
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) + - - 非稳定点
), ArticleFig(id=1263915193948561677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1263530790265569318, articleId=1263915147911881438, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

情形3下的均衡点局部稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
均衡点 γ1 γ2 γ3 稳定性
E1(0,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E2(1,0,0) 0 + + 不确定
E3(0,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E4(0,0,1) - + - 非稳定点
E5(1,1,0) +,- - + 非稳定点
E6(0,1,1) - - - ESS
E7(1,0,1) + + - 非稳定点
E8(1,1,1) + - - 非稳定点
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科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的演化博弈研究
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袁野 1 , 赵玉莹 1 , 尹西明 2
科研管理 | 2026,47(3): 93-105
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科研管理 | 2026, 47(3): 93-105
科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的演化博弈研究
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袁野1, 赵玉莹1, 尹西明2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆邮电大学 经济管理学院,重庆 400065
  • 2.北京理工大学 管理学院,北京 100081
  • 袁 野(1985—),男(汉),湖北荆门人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院教授、硕士生导师,研究方向:创新政策。

    赵玉莹(2001—),女(汉),河南许昌人,重庆邮电大学经济管理学院硕士研究生,研究方向:创新政策。

    尹西明(1991—),男(汉),河南平顶山人,北京理工大学管理学院研究员、博士生导师,研究方向:创新管理与科技政策。

通讯作者:

尹西明,E-mail:
Research on the evolutionary game in which S&T leading enterprises lead the innovation consortium to make continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies
Ye Yuan1, Yuying Zhao1, Ximing Yin2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Economics and Management,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China
  • 2. School of Management,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
出版时间: 2026-03-20 doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.010
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以企业主导的创新联合体推动科技创新与产业创新深度融合,是突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题、加快发展新质生产力的关键。本文基于演化博弈理论,运用Matlab软件对创新主体在不同参量变化下的策略选择进行仿真分析,揭示科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的动态演化规律。研究发现:(1)政府参与意愿是影响创新联合体成员合作的重要因素,且对科技领军企业的影响更加显著;提升科技领军企业的参与意愿,在一定程度上会影响成员单位的积极性,提升成员单位的参与意愿对政府和科技领军企业的策略选择几乎没有影响;(2)相比激励机制,合理的惩罚机制更能有效促进创新联合体各主体持续参与关键核心技术攻关的积极性;(3)科技成果转化收益对创新联合体持续参与关键核心技术攻关的积极性有显著影响,且对科技领军企业的影响更加突出;(4)当创新联合体各主体均选择积极策略时,科技领军企业参与意愿随着关键核心技术突破成功概率增加而增加;但仅有一方积极创新时,另一方不会选择积极创新,且政府不会选择高度参与支持的策略。最后,本文提出以下对策建议:加强有为政府、健全有效市场、培育有力主体、构建有容社会四位一体的协同体系,赋能科技领军企业牵头的创新联合体,激发多元主体创新活力,持续突破关键核心技术,培育新质生产力新动能。

科技强国  /  新质生产力  /  科技领军企业  /  创新联合体  /  关键核心技术  /  演化博弈

Promoting the deep integration of S&T innovation and industrial innovation through an enterprise-led innovation consortium is the key to make breakthroughs in key core technologies and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces. Based on the evolutionary game theory,this paper used the Matlab software to simulate and analyze the strategy selection of innovation subjects under changes in different parameters,revealing the dynamic evolution law according to which the S&T leading enterprises lead innovation consortium to make continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies. The research found that: (1) The government's willingness of participation is a critical factor influencing the cooperation among the innovation consortium members,with a particularly significant impact on S&T leading enterprises;Enhancing the participation willingness of S&T leading enterprises can influence the enthusiasm of member units to some extent,while conversely,increasing the participation willingness of member units has a minimal effect on the strategic choices of the government and S&T leading enterprises;(2) Compared with the incentive mechanism,a reasonable punishment mechanism can more effectively promote the continued participation and enthusiasm of each member of the innovation consortium in key core technology research;(3) The income from the transformation of S&T achievements significantly impacts the enthusiasm of the innovation consortium members to continue participating in key core technology research,with a particularly pronounced effect on S&T leading enterprises;(4) When all the subjects of the innovation consortium adopt a positive strategy,the willingness of S&T leading enterprises to participate increases with the increase of the success probability of the key core technology breakthroughs. However,if only one party is actively innovating,the other party are unlikely to choose active innovation,and the government will not choose a strategy that is highly involved in support. Finally,this paper proposed the following countermeasures and suggestions: strengthening a well-functioning government,improving an efficient market,cultivating powerful subjects,and building a tolerant society within an integrated four-in-one collaborative system. These measures will empower the innovation consortium led by S&T leading enterprises,stimulate the innovation vitality of multiple subjects,achieve continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies,and cultivate new quality productive forces and new kinetic energy.

S&T powerhouse  /  new quality productive forces  /  S&T leading enterprise  /  innovation consortium  /  key core technology  /  evolutionary game
袁野, 赵玉莹, 尹西明. 科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的演化博弈研究. 科研管理, 2026 , 47 (3) : 93 -105 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.010
Ye Yuan, Yuying Zhao, Ximing Yin. Research on the evolutionary game in which S&T leading enterprises lead the innovation consortium to make continuous breakthroughs in key core technologies[J]. Science Research Management, 2026 , 47 (3) : 93 -105 . DOI: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.010
2024年7月,党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出,要健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制,优化重大科技创新组织机制,加强国家战略科技力量建设,统筹强化关键核心技术攻关,并强调要着眼于科技创新和产业创新深度融合,强化企业主体地位,加强企业主导的产学研深度融合。发挥科技领军企业在科技创新中的领头羊作用,对实现高水平科技自立自强和加快发展新质生产力至关重要[1-3]。由于关键核心技术包括大量的隐性知识,创新壁垒高、难以模仿和复制,因此,突破关键核心技术不仅需要长期的基础科学知识积累与沉淀,更离不开多元创新主体、系统、组织、团队之间的紧密协作。在这一趋势下,加快面向关键核心技术持续突破和新质生产力发展的国家有组织创新[4],越来越需要依托创新联合体这一新质载体,加强多学科、多主体交叉融合与协同共创。面向科技强国建设的战略目标和重大场景、产业需求,整合政府、市场和社会三重制度逻辑建设创新联合体,是促进产学研深度融合、破解西方“小院高墙”式技术封锁和提升创新体系整体效能的有效途径。
现有理论研究和实践探索表明,组建科技领军企业牵头的创新联合体,将引领主体提升至国家战略科技力量层次[5],更有利于提升国家创新体系整体效能和加快形成新质生产力。2024年3月20日,习近平总书记在湖南长沙主持召开中部地区崛起座谈会上指出,强化企业创新主体地位,构建上下游紧密合作的创新联合体,促进产学研融通创新,加快科技成果向现实生产力转化。国家和地方层面积极部署创新联合体,国务院国资委面向战略性新兴产业和未来产业部署了一批高能级创新联合体,北京、上海、江苏等地结合自身区位优势、产业特点积极部署领军企业牵头、高校和科研院所支撑的创新联合体。一般来说,创新联合体是企业为破解共性技术问题,提升自主创新能力和产业竞争力,以共同投资的方式建立而成的研发组织。通过组建创新联合体不仅能够降低企业自身技术研发成本和风险,而且能够快速在产业链上下游形成技术、资金、人才和信息的高效融合,提升创新效率,加快科技成果向现实生产力转化[6]。例如,华为公司与全球知名高校成立了170余个联合实验室,在5G技术、AI芯片等领域突破了一批前沿性、颠覆性技术。小米公司联合产业链上下游企业、高校组建3C智能制造创新联合体,积极对接国家战略需求、聚焦科技成果转化,攻克“卡脖子”技术20余项。百度公司与西交利物浦大学建设“百度—西浦人工智能创新联合体”,突破大模型应用关键技术,促进产业链与创新链深度融合。
如何发挥科技领军企业作用,实现关键核心技术创新与突破是近年来理论研究的热点,学术界对其影响机制、赶超范式和实现路径等问题开展了广泛研究,且不同类型和属性的技术创新模式、轨道和突破路径亦不相同[7-8]。例如,科大讯飞是基于“技术链垂直化—产业链平台化—创新链生态化”的创新模式,其中基础技术和基础知识是两个关键要素[9]。华为公司从“关键核心技术→互补技术→原创技术→技术应用场景”的演进轨迹实现“卡脖子”技术突围[10]。此外,动态能力、研发国际化程度、本地或远程模式的技术搜索策略对领军企业在核心技术突破和产业化方面具有一定的影响[11-12]。相较于战略联盟、研究联合体等传统产学研协同模式,创新联合体突破关键核心技术更加强调目标导向、市场机制、主体耦合与合作共赢[13]。从产业组织的视角来看,不同类型主体之间的技术创新协同机理差异化显著[14]。国内研究表明,构建资源汇聚、主体协同、人才激励、成果转化、生态融通“五位一体”的协作机制是创新联合体持续突破数智核心技术的重要途径[15]。而西方学者更加关注合作伙伴之间的知识流动、信息共享与数据库搭建对协同创新的影响[16-17]。由此可见,构建产学研深度融合的创新联合体是企业培育关键核心技术持续创新能力的关键因素[18-19]。从创新联合体的影响和驱动机制来看,预期合作效益、合作研发次数、投入程度与融资模式等是影响创新联合体开展产学研合作的重要因素[20-22]。在数字技术产业链供应链安全上升到国家战略的背景下,建立深度捆绑的合作关系,形成产业链上下游均衡稳定的市场机制对联盟持续占据关键技术生态制高点非常重要[23]。然而,创新联合体开展关键共性技术研发合作的过程中,还存在企业、科研机构、高校等主体对创新目标认知不一致、缺乏引导、利益冲突、合作效率低下等问题[24-25]。因此,政府在创新联合体中的统筹协调作用非常重要[26-28]
综上所述,已有研究对领军企业突破关键核心技术的组织模式、创新联合体在产学研动态合作进程中的驱动机制与生态重构开展了丰富探讨,但也存在一些不足,主要表现在两个方面。首先,科技领军企业组建创新联合体突破关键核心技术是一项复杂性和协同性并存的系统工程,现有文献大多围绕某一类型的领军企业突破某种类型的产业核心技术开展,且多以质性和案例研究为主,更加强调案例特殊性,忽视了领军企业在组建创新联合体动态进程中的复杂性、整体性和普适性,难以为关键核心技术突破过程中创新主体高效联动和协同攻关的动态演变规律提供有效理论阐释和决策支撑。其次,传统创新联合体博弈研究通常关注企业创新努力水平、风险规避、政府补贴方式、知识吸收与信息共享机制等问题,从而忽略了“有为政府”与“有效市场”如何嵌入科技领军企业组建创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术这一现实情境中。基于此,本研究构建科技领军企业牵头组建创新联合体的三方演化博弈模型,分析创新联合体成员持续突破关键核心技术行为的动态演化过程及其影响因素。本研究拓展和深化了企业主导型产学研深度融合与关键核心技术突破的理论研究,也为进一步强化企业科技创新主体地位,建好用好创新联合体,推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合,健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制提供重要理论、决策和实践启示。
综合已有研究和中央、地方的布局实践,创新联合体一般由政府引导支持,牵头单位科技领军企业和成员单位组成,成员单位包括产业链上下游企业、科研机构和高等院校等。科技领军企业主要负责创新联合体的研究方向、工作任务、平台搭建和日常运行工作。此外,科技领军企业也会承担基础研究和科技成果转化等工作。产业链上下游企业和科研机构围绕关键核心技术特定环节开展应用研发等工作,高等院校为创新联合体提供人才、技术、基础理论等方面的支撑。
政府在资金、土地、税收、人才、科技成果转化等方面给予政策保障,为创新联合体相关单位提供资源协调、应用场景匹配、园区落地服务等支持,营造良好的创新氛围。科技领军企业牵头的创新联合体概念模型如图1所示。
作为冲突分析及决策优化的有效工具,演化博弈为产学研合作模式、创新联合体组建过程中多方主体参与的均衡机制及其传导机理提供了新的方法论视角。参考已有研究[6,21],结合我国创新联合体突破关键核心技术的管理探索与政策实践,提出以下假设:
假设1:政府作为引导和提供保障激励的一方,会获得科技领军企业、成员单位实现关键核心技术突破后的税收收益[28]。因此,政府会积极引导推动创新联合体的组建,给予资金、税收、平台、设施等方面的支持。所以,其策略集合为(高度参与,参与)。科技领军企业、成员单位在关键核心技术联合攻关过程中,会选择积极创新,但也可能因为利益冲突等原因选择消极创新,所以其选择策略集合为(积极创新,消极创新)。
假设2:设定G1G2分别为政府给予科技领军企业和成员单位进行关键核心技术突破的激励,且只有积极创新方才能获得政府的激励支持。在关键核心技术突破过程中,科技领军企业和成员单位会投入资金、人才和技术资源等,产生的总成本为C,由于双方签订了创新联合体协议[13],科技领军企业和成员单位要按照α和(1-α)的比例进行成本分摊,科技领军企业支付的成本为αC,成员单位支付的成本为(1-αC
假设3:政府通过创新联合体可以获得基本收益R1ΔR1是政府高度参与创新联合体的情况下获得的增值收益。科技领军企业独自创新的收益为R2、成员单位独自创新的收益为R3。当选择积极创新时,关键核心技术突破成功后实现科技成果转化的收益为ΔR2,科技领军企业和成员单位按照协议中约定的β和(1-β)成果转化收益分配比例进行分摊。设置λ1为双方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率,λ2为科技领军企业或成员单位仅一方积极创新时关键核心技术突破成功的概率,且λ1>λ2
假设4:在联合创新攻关过程中,当一方积极创新,而另一方消极创新时,消极方会获得“搭便车”的收益。N1N2分别为科技领军企业、成员单位在消极创新时获得的“搭便车”收益。由于政府会对创新联合体实施监督,且双方签订了合作契约,所以消极方要向积极方支付罚金F。主要参数假设及解释见表1
政府、科技领军企业、成员单位会根据自身情况与环境变化来选择策略。假设政府选择“高度参与”的概率为x,则选择“参与”的概率为1-x;科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的概率为y,选择“消极创新”的概率为1-y;成员单位选择“积极创新”的概率为z,选择“消极创新”的概率为1-zxyz∈[0,1]。根据上述假设,得到政府、科技领军企业、成员单位三方博弈的支付矩阵如表2所示。
根据三方支付矩阵,政府选择“高度参与”的期望收益U11 为:
U11 = yzR1+λ1ΔR1-G1-G2)+y(1-z)(R1+λ2ΔR1-G1)+(1-yzR1-G2)+(1-y)(1-zR1
政府选择“参与”的期望收益U12为:
U12 = yzR1+y(1-zR1+(1-yzR1+(1-y)(1-zR1
政府选择“高度参与”与“参与”的平均期望收益${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{1}$ 为:
${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{1}$= xU11+(1-xU12 = x[yzR1+λ1ΔR1-G1-G2)+y(1-z)(R1+λ2ΔR1-G1)+(1-yzR1-G2)+(1-y)(1-zR1]+(1-x)[yzR1+y(1-zR1+(1-yzR1+(1-y)(1-zR1]
同理,科技领军企业选择“积极创新”和的期望收益U21、选择“消极创新”的期望收益U22、平均期望收益${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{2}$为:
U21 = xzR2+βλ1ΔR2+G1-αC)+x(1-z)(R2+λ2ΔR2+G1-αC+F)+(1-xzR2+βλ1ΔR2-αC)+(1-x)(1-z)(R2+λ2ΔR2-αC+F
U22 = xzR2-αC-F+N1)+x(1-z)(R2-αC)+(1-xzR2-αC-F+N1)+(1-x)(1-z)(R2-αC
${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{2}$= y[xzR2+βλ1ΔR2+G1-αC)+x(1-z)(R2+λ2ΔR2+G1-αC+F)+(1-xzR2+βλ1ΔR2-αC)+(1-x)(1-z)(R2+λ2ΔR2-αC+F)]+(1-y)[xzR2-αC-F+N1)+x(1-z)(R2-αC)+(1-xzR2-αC-F+N1)+(1-x)(1-z)(R2-αC)]
成员单位选择“积极创新”的期望收益U31、选择“消极创新”的期望收益U32、平均期望收益${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{3}$为:
U31 = xy[R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2+G2-(1-αC]+x(1-y)[R3+λ2ΔR2+G2-(1-αC+F]+(1-xy[R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2-(1-αC]+(1-x)(1-y)[R3+λ2ΔR2-(1-αC+F]
U32 = xy[R3-(1-αC-F+N2]+x(1-y)[R3-(1-αC]+(1-xy[R3-(1-αC-F+N2]+(1-x)(1-y)[R3-(1-αC]
${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{3}$= z{xy[R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2+G2-(1-αC]+x(1-y)[R3+λ2ΔR2+G2-(1-αC+F]+(1-xy[R3+(1-βλ1ΔR2-(1-αC]+(1-x)(1-y)[R3+λ2ΔR2-(1-αC+F]}+(1-z){xy[R3-(1-αC-F+N2]+x(1-y)[R3-(1-αC]+(1-xy[R3-(1-αC-F+N2]+(1-x)(1-y)[R3-(1-αC]}
经以上分析,政府、科技领军企业和成员单位的复制动态方程分别为:
Fx) = dx/dt = xU11-${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{1}$) = x(1-x)[yzλ1ΔR1-G1-G2)+y(1-z)(λ2ΔR1-G1)-(1-yzG2]
Fy) = dy/dt = yU21-${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{2}$) = y(1-y)[xzβλ1ΔR2+G1+F-N1)+x(1-z)(λ2ΔR2+G1+F)+(1-xzβλ1ΔR2+F-N1)+(1-x)(1-z)(λ2ΔR2+F)]
Fz) = dz/dt = zU31-${\stackrel{-}{U}}_{3}$) = z(1-z){xy[(1-βλ1ΔR2+G2+F-N2]+x(1-y)(λ2ΔR2+G2+F)+(1-xy[(1-βλ1ΔR2+F-N2]+(1-x)(1-y)(λ2ΔR2+F)}
将式(10)、式(11)和式(12)联立,得复制动态方程组为:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}F\left(x\right)=x(1-x)\left[y\right.({\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1}-{G}_{1})+yz({\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{1}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1})-z{G}_{2}]\\ F\left(y\right)=y(1-y)\left[x\right.{G}_{1}+z(\beta {\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{1})+{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+\left.F\right]\\ F\left(z\right)=z(1-z)\left\{x\right.{G}_{2}+y\left[\right(1-\beta ){\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{2}]+{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+\left.F\right\}\end{array}\right.$
令复制动态方程等于0,即Fx) = 0,Fy) = 0,Fz) = 0可得到八个局部均衡点:(0,0,0),(1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,1),(1,1,0),(0,1,1),(1,0,1),(1,1,1)。按照Friedman提出的渐近稳定性分析方法,可得该系统的雅可比矩阵:
$\left[\begin{array}{lll}\begin{array}{l}(1-2x)\left[y\right.({\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1}-{G}_{1})]+\\ yz({\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{1}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1})-z{G}_{2}\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}x(1-x)[{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1}-{G}_{1}+\\ z({\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{1}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1})]\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}x(1-x)\left[y\right.({\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{1}-\\ {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{1})-{G}_{2}]\end{array}\\ y(1-y){G}_{1}& \begin{array}{l}(1-2y)\left[x\right.{G}_{1}+z(\beta {\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-\\ {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{1})+{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+\left.F\right]\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}y(1-y)(\beta {\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-\\ {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{1})\end{array}\\ z(1-z){G}_{2}& \begin{array}{l}z(1-z)\left[\right(1-\beta ){\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-\\ {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{2}]\end{array}& \begin{array}{l}(1-2z)\left\{x\right.{G}_{2}+y\left[\right(1-\\ \beta ){\lambda }_{1}\Delta {R}_{2}-{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}-{N}_{2}]\\ +{\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+\left.F\right\}\end{array}\end{array}\right]$
以均衡点E1(0,0,0)为例,根据公式(14)可得雅可比矩阵:
J1(0,0,0) = $\left[\begin{array}{lll}0& 0& 0\\ 0& {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+F& 0\\ 0& 0& {\lambda }_{2}\Delta {R}_{2}+F\end{array}\right]$
因此,均衡点E1(0,0,0)对应的雅可比矩阵的特征值为γ1=0;γ2=λ2ΔR2+Fγ3=λ2ΔR2+F。同理,将其他均衡点分别代入雅可比矩阵(14)中,即可求得所有均衡点对应雅可比矩阵的特征值,如表3所示。
根据李雅普诺夫法则判断均衡点局部稳定性,即当均衡点对应雅可比矩阵的所有特征值都是负实部时,该均衡点是系统的演化稳定策略(ESS)。通过分析,共有3种情形存在ESS点,下面对这3种情形进行讨论。
情形1:当λ1ΔR1-G1-G2>0,βλ1ΔR2-N1+F>0且(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F>0时,由表4可以看出均衡点E8(1,1,1)所对应雅可比矩阵的特征值均为负,则此情形下系统有一个稳定点(1,1,1),其对应的演化策略为(高度参与,积极创新,积极创新)。
情形2:当λ2ΔR1-G1>0,βλ1ΔR2-N1+F>0且G2+(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F<0时,由表5可以看出均衡点E5(1,1,0)所对应雅可比矩阵的特征值均为负,则此情形下系统有一个稳定点(1,1,0),其对应的演化策略为(高度参与,积极创新,消极创新)。
情形3:当λ1ΔR1-G1-G2<0,βλ1ΔR2-N1+F>0且(1-βλ1ΔR2-N2+F>0时,由表6可以看出均衡点E6(0,1,1)所对应雅可比矩阵的特征值均为负,则此情形下系统有一个稳定点(0,1,1),其对应的演化策略为(参与,积极创新,积极创新)。
根据本文构建的演化博弈模型及相关约束条件,参考Baldwin等[14]的研究,结合《北京市创新联合体组建工作指引》文件进行赋值,运用Matlab软件进行仿真,分析关键参数变化对三方博弈策略行为的影响。其中,参数值仅代表相对大小而非真实金额,具体为:G1=6,G2=4,C=36,α=0.6,ΔR1=32,ΔR2=80,β=0.6,λ1=0.7,λ2=0.5,F=2,N1=2,N2=2。且政府、科技领军企业、成员单位的参与意愿x=y=z=0.5。
设置科技领军企业和成员单位的初始参与意愿yz为0.5,政府初始参与意愿x分别取0.2,0.5,0.8。由图2可以看出,随着政府初始参与意愿的增加,科技领军企业、成员单位参与意愿的收敛速度逐渐加快,且科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度明显大于成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度,政府、科技领军企业和成员单位最终收敛于“高度参与”、“积极创新”和“积极创新”。仿真结果表明,政府初始参与意愿的提高一定程度上能够促进科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度。由此可见,政府作为政策制定者和引导者,能够促进创新联合体各主体之间的交流合作、知识共享,充分调动各主体在承担重大技术攻关任务时的积极性。
设置政府和成员单位的初始参与意愿xz为0.5,科技领军企业的初始参与意愿y分别取0.2,0.5,0.8。由图3可以看出,随着科技领军企业初始参与意愿的增加,成员单位选择“积极创新”的意愿略有下降,而政府的参与意愿在逐渐增加,最终选择“高度参与”。仿真结果表明,随着牵头方科技领军企业初始参与意愿的不断提升,政府选择“高度参与”的意愿会随之提高,但在一定程度上可能会影响成员单位参与创新联合体的积极性。
设置政府和科技领军企业的初始参与意愿xy为0.5,成员单位的初始参与意愿z分别取0.2,0.5,0.8。由图4可以看出,随着成员单位初始参与意愿的增加,对政府和科技领军企业的参与意愿和行为策略选择没有太大影响。综合图3图4来看,成员单位初始参与意愿的变化对创新联合体演化结果的影响较小,提升科技领军企业的参与意愿对创新联合体选择积极策略的影响更加显著。由此可见,在创新联合体突破关键核心技术的进程中,一定要充分激发和提升牵头方科技领军企业的创新动力,选取技术创新能力强、产业示范带动作用显著的企业,通过整合创新资源,提升关键共性技术供给效率。
保持其他参数不变,改变激励措施G1G2,对演化过程进行仿真。由图5a可见,当G1从3增加至12时,科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度有小幅度的提升;由图5b可见,当G2从2增加至8时,成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度同样小幅提升。综合图5a5b可以看出,政府激励措施对牵头方科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的影响较小。也就是说,在肩负国家战略使命的背景下,科技领军企业牵头组建创新联合体持续开展关键核心技术攻关的意愿几乎不会受到政府激励措施的影响。
保持其他参数不变的情况下,罚金分别取1,4,7,分析罚金变化对演化过程的影响。由图6可见,随着罚金金额的不断增加,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度略有增加,且科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度始终高于成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度。相对罚金介于4~7之间,当罚金介于1~4之间时,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度提高幅度更大,说明设置合理区间的罚金对创新联合体的策略选择具有一定效果。
科技成果转化是实现科技和产业融合的关键路径,高质量成果转化是推动高水平科技自立自强,实现高质量发展的重要基石。保持其他参数不变,科技成果转化收益ΔR2分别取44,68,120。由图7可见,当ΔR2为44时,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度大幅降低,但最终仍趋向于“积极创新”;当ΔR2增长至120时,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度随之提高。也即,随着科技成果转化收益的持续增加,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度显著加快,且科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度始终高于成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度。这一结果表明,要充分利用“有效市场”机制,提升成果转化收益预期,激发各主体参与产学研深度融合、大中小企业广泛融通创新生态的活力和动力。
保持其他参数不变,科技成果转化收益分配系数β分别取0.4,0.6,0.8。由图8可见,当科技成果转化收益分配系数小于0.6,即科技领军企业的科技成果转化收益低于成员单位的科技成果转化收益时,科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度大幅降低,而成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度明显提高;当科技成果转化收益分配系数大于0.6,即科技领军企业的科技成果转化收益高于成员单位的科技成果转化收益时,科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度明显提高,而成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度大幅降低。综合图7图8来看,科技领军企业对于科技成果转化收益变化的敏感程度高于成员单位。
设置科技领军企业和成员单位双方同时积极创新时的λ1分别为0.1,0.5,0.9,分析关键核心技术突破成功概率变化对演化结果的影响。由图9可见,当λ1介于0.1~0.5之间时,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度显著提升;当λ1介于0.5~0.9之间时,科技领军企业与成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度仍在持续提升,但相比λ1在0.1~0.5区间的提升幅度放缓。从整个演化过程来看,当科技领军企业和成员单位双方同时积极创新时,随着关键核心技术突破概率的增加,科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度始终高于成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度。
设置科技领军企业或成员单位仅一方积极创新时的λ2分别为0.1,0.5,0.9,分析关键核心技术突破成功概率变化对演化结果的影响。由图10a可见,当仅有科技领军企业一方选择“积极创新”,且关键核心技术突破成功概率较低时(λ2=0.1),成员单位选择“积极创新”的意愿也很低;当关键核心技术突破成功概率较高时(λ2=0.9),成员单位选择“积极创新”的意愿逐渐提升,最后几乎趋近于选择“积极创新”;在此过程中,政府的参与意愿先提升后下降,但最终没有选择“高度参与”。由图10b可见,当仅有成员单位一方选择“积极创新”时,无论关键核心技术突破成功概率如何变化,科技领军企业的参与意愿始终保持在较低水平,且政府的参与意愿明显降低,直至收敛为0。
本文构建了科技领军企业牵头组建创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术的动态演化博弈模型,揭示了关键核心技术持续突破过程中各主体联合创新行为的动态演化规律,主要结论如下:
(1)政府的参与意愿是影响创新联合体持续开展关键核心技术攻关合作的重要因素,但从传导机制来看,这种影响对科技领军企业来说更加显著;提升牵头方科技领军企业的参与意愿,能够提升政府参与创新联合体建设的意愿,但会对成员单位的积极性略有影响;而提升成员单位的参与意愿对政府和科技领军企业的策略选择几乎没有影响。已有研究主要关注创新联合体开展关键核心技术攻关的微观过程机理与合作范式问题,而在理论层面忽略了政府在创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术过程中所扮演的“引导者”“政策设计者”和“重大创新组织者”的角色。本研究则进一步揭示了“有为政府”在不同情境下如何影响科技领军企业牵头创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术这一动态过程。
(2)相比激励机制,设置科学合理的惩罚机制更能有效促进创新联合体内部各个创新单元持续参与关键核心技术突破的积极性。目前,已有研究大多从动机理论、利益相关者理论的视角出发,研究创新联合体、创新网络、产学研合作过程中的协同创新机制,本研究从政府如何扮演好关键核心技术攻关过程中的“监督者”角色出发,揭示了通过政府设置合理的惩罚机制,能够有效破除创新联合体成员在突破关键核心技术过程中的“搭便车”现象,进一步阐释了“有为政府”和“有力主体”在创新联合体持续突破关键核心技术过程中的双元驱动机制。
(3)科技成果转化收益对创新联合体协同参与突破关键核心技术的积极性具有显著性影响。传统的产学研合作研究表明,中小企业对创新收益和成果转化效用更为敏感,本研究发现,在攻关过程中,牵头方科技领军企业对科技成果转化收益变化的敏感程度高于成员单位,且收益越大,越有利于创新联合体开展持续性合作。因此,本研究进一步揭示了如何构建“有效市场”从而形成优势互补、资源共享的产学研深度合作生态,对创新联合体的高效率运行和实现关键核心技术持续性创新具有重要意义。
(4)当科技领军企业和成员单位同时积极创新时,随着关键核心技术突破成功概率的增加,科技领军企业和成员单位选择“积极创新”的速度也不断增加,且科技领军企业选择“积极创新”的速度始终高于成员单位;然而当创新联合体中仅有一方积极创新时,另一方成员和政府最终都不会选择“积极创新”和“高度参与”。从国家创新体系来看,已有研究更关注大学、产业组织、政府等在不同战略情境下如何更好地实现协同创新的微观机理与组织范式问题。本研究则进一步揭示了要充分发挥政府引导作用,支持科技领军企业牵头,有效组织产业链上下游优势企业、科研机构和高校等参与创新联合体,进而全面提升国家创新体系整体效能,形成关键核心技术持续突破的创新合力。
基于本文研究结论,结合科技强国战略目标和因地制宜加快发展新质生产力的新使命新要求,提出相关建议如下:
一是加强“有为政府”作用,进一步全面深化科技体制改革。锚定科技强国2035战略目标,以科技领军企业主导、战略科技力量牵引、产学研深度融合的高能级创新联合体为重点,形成关键核心技术持续攻关、赋能新质生产力发展的新型生产关系。加快推动科技政策和科技创新体系建设从传统的后发追赶、创新驱动思维,向超越追赶、创新引领的战略思维转型。强化重大科技创新组织领导,聚焦战略必争、体系必备、发展必需、安全必要的重大需求,更好地发挥政府在创新联合体中的引导作用。加强科技政策、财税金融政策和产业政策的一致性和协调性,提升激励型政策工具的精准度和适配度,统筹考虑不同创新主体的利益诉求,动态优化创新政策,提高联合体成员参与联合攻关的积极性和稳定性。同时也要科学合理地运用惩罚机制,例如对联合体中存在“搭便车”“机会主义”和违约行为的主体,收回相关项目经费、追究相应法律责任,纳入失信名单并限制申请新的科研项目,提高创新失信行为的成本和社会后果,引导建设负责任的创新生态。
二是健全“有效市场”,以科技成果转化和绩效评价为杠杆激发联合体协同创新的动力。新型举国体制思想之于传统举国体制的超越性,就在于强调发挥市场机制在调配创新资源和动员创新主体上的优势,形成对于行政手段的有力补充[29]。遵循创新规律,进一步创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境,支持以企业为主体牵引产学研协同发力,打通科技成果转化堵点、痛点和难点,加快推动科技成果转化为现实生产力。同时,用好科技评价的“指挥棒”,坚持以质量、绩效、贡献为核心的评价原则,给予科技成果和科技人才使用主体更大的评价自主权,全面准确反映成果创新水平、转化应用绩效和对经济社会发展的实际贡献,激发创新联合体联合攻关、联合应用的活力与成效。
三是培育“有力主体”,进一步强化企业创新主体地位和主导作用。充分发挥科技领军企业“出题人”“答题人”“阅卷人”和场景载体的作用,围绕国家使命型场景和产业亟待解决的关键技术瓶颈问题,加强场景驱动型国家重大科技项目、重大工程的体系化布局,支持科技领军企业牵头打造高能级创新联合体,承担国家使命和重大创新任务。探索建立将高校院所参与企业主导型创新联合体的联合攻关项目上升为国家项目的新机制,支持企业与高校、科研院所共同组建创新联合体,促进产业链上下游融通创新,汇聚政府、市场和社会资本多方力量,集中优势开展关键核心技术攻关。同时,给予企业在基础研究阶段更多的财税金融政策支持,为企业参与和投入基础研究提供稳定的政策和市场预期。
四是构建“有容社会”,激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。坚持面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康开展前沿性、基础性和引领性科技创新和联合攻关,围绕颠覆性、原创性、前沿性技术突破和新质生产力的发展方向,鼓励企业、个人、社会组织乃至国际组织以公益捐赠、设立联合基金和国际奖项等方式,激发更多社会主体和社会资本投入支持创新联合体建设和技术创新。充分利用人工智能技术和数据要素等新技术新要素,降低创新联合体建设成本和参与门槛。同时,坚持以人民为中心的发展理念,调动激发科技人才创新活力和积极性,以创新联合体为载体激活产学研深度融合的创新生态,推动企业主导、用户参与、全民支持的创新氛围和法治环境建设。
本文主要聚焦研究和揭示了牵头方科技领军企业、成员单位和政府之间的演化博弈关系,限于篇幅尚未能将创新联合体中的成员单位如高校、科研机构、中介机构和金融机构等逐一展开进行细化仿真研究,未来需进一步探讨不同成员单位构成情境下创新联合体在攻关过程中的协同机制。其次,创新联合体的科技成果转化收益与成本是诸多因素共同作用的结果,后续研究需要进一步考察应用场景、资源配置和技术类型等因素的影响。最后,本研究聚焦关键核心技术突破的联合体演化机制,未来需要围绕完善新型举国体制和发展新质生产力的要求,进一步研究科技领军企业牵头的创新联合体超前识别颠覆性技术创新机会,以前沿性颠覆性科技创新培育未来产业,实现关键核心技术和颠覆性技术双元突破和良性互促,为现代化产业体系建设和新质生产力发展提供先导动能。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目:“科技成果转化赋能新质生产力发展:理论基础、组织模式与制度环境”(72474025)
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  • 国家社会科学基金西部项目:“我国企业打造数智技术原始创新策源地的协作模式与路径研究”(2023.09—2026.12)
  • 国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024-15)
  • 国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024.03—2025.12)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(72104027)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(2021.09—2024.12)
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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.19571/j.cnki.1000-2995.2026.03.010
  • 接收时间:2024-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-05-20
  • 出版时间:2026-03-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-07
  • 修回日期:2024-12-08
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目:“科技成果转化赋能新质生产力发展:理论基础、组织模式与制度环境”(72474025)
国家自然科学基金面上项目:“科技成果转化赋能新质生产力发展:理论基础、组织模式与制度环境”(2025.09—2028.12)
国家社会科学基金西部项目:“我国企业打造数智技术原始创新策源地的协作模式与路径研究”(23XGL040)
国家社会科学基金西部项目:“我国企业打造数智技术原始创新策源地的协作模式与路径研究”(2023.09—2026.12)
国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024-15)
国家制造强国建设重大研究项目:“‘十五五’新型工业化‘新支柱’产业选择及政策设计”(2024.03—2025.12)
国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(72104027)
国家自然科学基金青年项目:“多层次系统视角下中国高校学术创业与成果转化促进机制研究”(2021.09—2024.12)
作者信息
    1.重庆邮电大学 经济管理学院,重庆 400065
    2.北京理工大学 管理学院,北京 100081

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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